Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table of Contents
2.5. Bituminous surface treatment & surface dressing and bituminous Mixes..6
Stone shall be hand placed with closed joints on a layer of gravel or crushed stone
Shuttering
The scheme of the shuttering shall be approved before fixing of staging and reinforcement.
The shuttering shall be so made as to produce a finished concrete true to shape, line and levels and
dimensions as shown on the drawings.
The shuttering plates shall be cleaned and oil shall be applied.
The corner angles or supporting battens shall be firmly fixed.
The corners and joints shall be sealed.
Preparation and Pouring of Concrete
Preparation:
The coarse and fine aggregates shall be stacked in the bins or near the mixer. The mixing
shall be done in a Mechanical Weigh Batcher
All the materials shall be poured in to the hopper and then to the drum of the mixer.
Specified amount of water shall be added in the drum.
The concrete shall be mixed by rotation of the drum for the specific time. (About 2
minutes).
The Slump of the concrete shall be checked initially and periodically as per the
pouring sequence of the concrete for particular structure.
Concrete cubes shall be cast periodically as per the pouring sequence and the
specifications.
The various quality checks to be performed as per pre concreting check list
Curing
Exposed surface of concrete shall be kept continuously in a damp or wet condition by
ponding or by covering with a layer of sacks, canvas, Hessian or similar materials
and shall be kept constantly wet for a period of not less than 14 days from the date
of placing the concrete.
Pipe Culverts
Prefabricated concrete pipe culverts will be casted at site or obtained from
manufacturer which will be confirming to the standards.
Before executing the work at site, the invert levels of the proposed pipe culvert
locations will be ascertained and a working drawing will be drawn and got approved
by the Project Engineer.
Pipes with uneven joints, distorted shapes, deviation from center line, will be avoided.
If necessary for accommodating traffic or for any other reasons or if so instructed
by the Engineer, culverts will be constructed in half widths. The downstream side of
the portion will be taken first.
The excavation of trenches or formation of embankment will be done as per the
drawings provided.
In case of trench method, where any unsuitable founding is observed, the
unsuitable portion will be excavated and replaced with gravel or other approval
material properly compacted to provide a firm earth cushion.
Proper bedding as per the approved working drawings will be provided. The pipe
ends will be laid hard up against each other so as to obtain tight joints. Ogee pipes
will be laid with their spigot ends downstream. The joints will be sealed on the
outside with a rich mixed cement plastering over a tightly fixed impervious paper
sprayed with bituminous emulsion.
In case of metal culverts, the bedding will be done according to the
manufacturers recommendations as approved by the Project Engineer.
Back filling will be carried out simultaneously and equally on both sides of the pipes
to prevent unequal lateral forces from occurring.
Back filling alongside and over all culverts will be placed at or near the optimum
moisture content and compacted in layers of not exceeding 150mm after
compaction.
Inlet and outlet structures for prefabricated culverts will be constructed as per the details given in
the working drawings
Protection works will be stone pitching, gabions and scour checks. Other drainage and protection
works will be done as instructed by the Engineer. The location and the extent of protection works will
be done as directed and to the approval of the Engineer.
Checking the signs As the works proceeds, the signing will be altered, so that it is always consistent
with the work that is going on. Any permanent signs that give conflicting or confusing messages will
be covered up or removed.
Signs visibility at night The Contractor will make every effort to finish the work during the day time.
If this is not possible, he will check that the works and any diversions or other traffic control
arrangements are clearly visible before leaving the site for the night. All signs will be fully reflective,
and all cones, drums or other channelizing devices will be fitted with reflectors. On busy roads or
difficult sites, flashing amber warning lamps will be installed and a watchman might be needed.
Workers & Equipment Visibility Workers will were brightly-colored clothing, preferably high-
visibility safety-waistcoats made in bright orange or yellow fluorescent material. The garments will
have reflective strips on them in case work continues after dark. Plant and equipment will be painted
yellow, and be fitted with flashing amber or orange beacons. All heavy vehicles, especially road rollers,
will be fitted with alarms that sound when they are reversing.
Trained workers All road workers will have safety training and will be properly equipped with shoes,
gloves etc. Children will never be employed. A first-aid kit will be kept on-site.
Provide Access for Pedestrians Where the works will obstruct a pavement (footway), the Contractor
will provide a safe clearly-marked alternative route. Pedestrian barriers with handrails will be used
to mark out the temporary footway. These will be designed to be easily detected by a visually-
handicapped person using a stick. Stronger barriers will be put up around any excavations deeper
than
1.2 meters.
Considering local residents and businesses The Contractor will inform people living and working
alongside the road what will be happening. The support of the Client representatives, as well of the
local Police will be needed. The access to business premises will be maintained and the Contractor
will try to minimize disruption and noise and dust nuisance. Some of the bus-stops will be re-located,
if necessary.
Project information sign At major road works the Contractor will install up a sign giving the name
of the project, the Client, the Engineer and the Contractor, in accordance with the Contract documents
and drawings.
Site in a safe condition When the works are finished, the Contractor will ensure that the road surface
has been properly reinstated and that there are no dangerous holes, or trenches. All holes and
trenches will be backfilled with sufficient compaction to prevent the material slumping under the
weight of traffic. Any mud, gravel or debris will be cleaned away. Small changes in level, such as
occur when road surfaces are removed prior to resurfacing, can be very dangerous to cyclists and
motorcyclists. In these situations, a ramp will be constructed and it will be signed using the Uneven
Road warning sign.
The Contractor had developed a Traffic Management Plan for using the projects road during the
rehabilitation period. The plan is made within Client requirements, applicable laws and good industry
practices.
The Contractor will implement a traffic control program for the workers on the project. All workers
will be made aware of the types of vehicles on site and the traffic routes to be used. Speed limits and
traffic direction flows will be strictly adhered to at all times.
Areas to receive tack coat and prime coat shall be trimmed and loose material cleaned off. Proposed
tools and equipment include brooms, hand tools, cutter and pick-up/lorries shall be used for this
activity.
The surface to be primed shall be swept clean, free from dust and shall be dry.
Before laying the primer the surface shall be made to the required profile using compactor and
template. No traffic shall be permitted after application. When no convenient detour is available
for traffic, operation will be confined to one half of the road way width at a time. Proper traffic control
will be done to divert the vehicle to proceed without damaging the primed areas.
Where traffic diversion is not possible, the bituminous material will be applied and allowed to cure
for as long as is practicable before a blinding layer of aggregate is applied
Equipment Mechanical Broom 5
Bitumen Distributor (Hand Held) 1
Trucks 2
Water Tank 1
Manpower Foreman 1
Skilled Labor 2
Unskilled Labor 2
Plant Operator and Drivers 4
2.5. Bituminous surface treatment & surface dressing and bituminous Mixes
Asphalt Concrete Type I (High stability) shall be used. It shall be thoroughly controlled, hot mixed
into a plant mixture of well graded dried aggregate and penetration grade bitumen, hot -laid and
compacted.
We shall spray medium cure cutback bitumen as prime coat for carriageway areas that are not paved
with concrete or bituminous mix and allow curing for at least 24 hours before laying asphalt
concrete. Spraying tarcoat on all surfaces to receive asphalt concrete.
Provide, placing and compact asphalt concrete to carriageway and surface. For surface dressing pre-
coated chipping shall be laid and compacted as per the requirement.
We shall deploy adequate laborers, hand tools and equipment include sprayer(s), asphalt paver,
tippers, pick-up, and roller.