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Mc lc
1 Matlab c bn 3
1.1 Gii thiu Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Php ton, bin, vector, ma trn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Php ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.4 Ma trn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 Biu thc Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.1 Cc ton t logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.2 Vec-t v biu thc logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.3 Cc hm logic: All, Any v Find . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4 Lnh iu kin v vng lp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.1 Lnh IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.2 Lnh FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.4.3 Lnh WHILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4.4 Lnh SWITCH . . . CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.4.5 Script v Hm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.5 V th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.5.1 V th trong 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.5.2 V th trong 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 i s tuyn tnh 33
2.1 Cc php ton ma trn, cc php bin i s cp . . . . . . . 33
2.1.1 Cc php ton ma trn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1.2 Cc php bin i s cp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
MC LC 2
Matlab c bn
to mt tp tin .m, ngi dng vo File chn New M-File hay nhn
>> num = 98
num =
98
>> pi = 3.1415926535897931
pi =
3.1416
>> msg = Good morning
msg =
Good morning
>> size(num)
ans =
1 1
>> size(msg)
ans =
1 12
>> round(1.6)
ans =
2
>> floor(10.8)
ans =
10
>> mod(10,8)
ans =
2
>> gcd(45,30)
ans =
15
>> lcm(45,30)
ans =
90
>> sqrt(9)
ans =
3
>> 1 = 2
ans =
1
>> 5 == 10
ans =
0
Cui cng l cc php ton lun l bao gm and (&&), or (||) v not (!).
Mt s khc 0 c xem l mt gi tr ng trong cc php ton lun l ca
Matlab. Gi tr tr v ca cc biu thc lun l tng t nh biu thc so
snh.
>> n = 15
>> mod(n,2)==0 && mod(n,3)==0
ans =
0
>> mod(n,2)==0 || mod(n,3)==0
ans =
1
BI TP
1. Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng Matlab:
(a) 10 / 2 \ 5 3 + 2 * 4
(b) 3 2 / 4
(c) 3 2 2
(d) 2 + round(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3
(e) 2 + floor(6 / 11) / 2 3
(f) 2 + ceil(-6 / 9) 3
(g) fix(-4/9)+fix(3*(5/6))
2. Cho a=36, b=15. Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng
Matlab:
(a) mod(a,b)
1.2 Php ton, bin, vector, ma trn 11
(b) rem(a,b)
(c) gcd(a,b)
(d) lcm(a,b)
Th li vi cc cp gi tr (a,b) khc.
(a) 1 & -1
(b) 13 & (-6)
(c) 0 < -2|0
(d) 0 <= 0.2 <= 0.4
(e) 5 > 4 > 3
(f) 2 > 3 & 1
1.2.3 Vector
Vector l mt dng c bit ca ma trn c mt dng hoc mt ct. Trong
cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, sinh vin c lm quen vi vector thng
qua tn gi danh sch (list) hoc mng mt chiu (1-D array).
>> arr1 = [1 2 3]
arr1 =
1 2 3
>> arr2 = [0,-5]
arr2 =
0 -5
>> arr3 = [arr1 arr2]
arr3 =
1 2 3 0 -5
>> emp_vect = []
emp_vect =
[]
BI TP
1. Cho x = [3 1 5 7 9 2 6], d on kt qu cc dng lnh sau v th li
bng Matlab
(a) x(3)
(b) x(1:7)
(c) x(1:end)
(d) x(1:end-1)
1.2 Php ton, bin, vector, ma trn 14
(e) x(6:-2:1)
(f) x([1 6 2 1 1])
(g) sum(x)
(a) x > y
(b) y < x
(c) x == y
(d) x <= y
(e) y >= x
(f) x | y
(g) x & y
(h) x & (-y)
(i) (x > y) | (y < x)
(j) (x > y) & (y < x)
(a) a = b
(b) a < b
(c) a < b < a
(d) a < b < b
(e) a | (a)
(f) b & (b)
(g) a ((b))
(h) a=b==a (Xc nh gi tr cui ca a)
1.2.4 Ma trn
Trong Matlab, ma trn i din cho mng nhiu chiu c nhiu dng v
nhiu ct. Phng thc khai bo v khi to ma trn tng t nh vector.
Tuy nhin, kt thc mt dng trong ma trn, chng ta s dng du chm
phy (;).
Ma trn n v: eye(n)
Ma trn thc ngu nhin trong khong [0,1]: rand(s dng, s ct)
hoc rand(n) (ma trn vung cp n)
>> zeros(1,2)
ans =
0 0
>> eye(2)
ans =
1 0
0 1
>> diag([3 4 5])
ans =
3 0 0
0 4 0
0 0 5
>> rand(2,1)
ans =
0.8147
0.9058
>> ones(2)
ans =
1 1
1 1
BI TP
Cho x = [1 4 8], y = [2 1 5], v A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5]. Xt xem
dng lnh no hp l, d on kt qu, gii thch v th li bng Matlab
1. [x; y 0]
2. [x; y]
3. A(:,[1 4])
5. A(:)
7. A(1:3,:)
1. r=1;
r<=0.5
2. r=1:5;
r<=3
3. a=1:5;
b=[0 2 4 5 6];
a==b
1.3 Biu thc Logic 19
u tin ca cc ton t
u tin Ton t
1. ( )
2. . .
3. + - (du)
4. * / \ .* ./ .\
5. + -
6. :
7. > < >= <= == =
8. & (AND)
9. | (OR)
1. a = 1; b=2; c=3;
(b*b==4*a*c)& (a=0)
2. a=1:10
(a>=20) & (a<=20)
3. a=1;b=2;
(a=0)|(b=0)|((a==0) & (b==0))
V d 1.3.3.
1. x = [-1 0 2 3 5 6 7 4 9]
1.4 Lnh iu kin v vng lp 20
hoc
if Biu thc iu kin 1
Lnh thc thi nu k 1 ng
elseif Biu thc iu kin 2
Lnh thc thi nu k 2 ng
..
.
end
V d 1.4.7. x = 1;
while 1
xmin = x;
x = x/2;
if x == 0, break, end
end
xmin
Lnh while 1, ... s to ra vng lp v hn, ngt, ta dng lnh break.
Continue: Dng trong vng lp for hoc while, lnh continue cho php
b qua cc cu lnh ng sau n v chuyn sang bc lp k tip trong
cng mt vng lp.
1.4.5 Script v Hm
Script: L cc dng lnh Matlab c cha trong mt file c phn m rng
.m; file script c th c son tho bng Matlab Editor hoc cc
chng trnh son tho khc. thc thi script ch cn gi tn file
trong ca s dng lnh ca Matlab.
Hm: Cng l cc on lnh Matlab c son tho trong file .m, hm
nhn cc tham s truyn vo, x l v xut ra gi tr. Tn ca hm
phi ging nh tn ca file .m, trnh t tn hm trng vi cc hm
c sn ca Matlab. Dng u tin ca hm (tr phn ch thch) phi
c dng nh sau
function [Cc gi tr xut] = Tn_hm(Cc gi tr nhp)
Sau dng ny, cc dng ch thch bt u bng du % s xut hin khi
gi lnh help tn_hm.
V d 1.4.9. Hm tnh gi tr th n ca dy Fibonnaci
function f = Fib(n)
F = zeros(1,n+1);
F(2) = 1;
for i = 3:n+1
F(i) = F(i-1) + F(i-2);
end
f = F(n);
Lu tn file Fib.m.
1.5 V th 25
V d 1.4.10. Hm tr v nhiu gi tr
function [a b] = maxmin(x)
% Ham tra ve gia tri lon nhat va nho nhat cua mang x
a = max(x);
b = min(x);
Lu tn file maxmin.m. Hai gi tr tr v cha trong mng [a b].
V d 1.4.11. Hm khng c gi tr tr v.
function circle(a,b,r)
% Ham ve duong tron tam (a,b), ban kinh r
t = 0:pi/20:2*pi;
x = a + r*sin(t);
y = b + r*cos(t);
plot(x,y);
axis equal;
1.5 V th
1.5.1 V th trong 2-D
Lnh c bn:
plot(x,f(x))
Cc ty chnh v nt v, du v mu sc:
Lnh: plot(x,y,Nt v_Du_Mu sc)
Nt v:
Du (marker):
1.5 V th 27
V d 1.5.2.
x = 0:pi/20:2*pi;
plot(x, sin(x),-.*r);
hold on
plot(x, sin(x pi/2),om);
plot(x, sin(x pi), :bs);
hold off
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ty chnh mu sc v ln ca nt v:
LineWidth: rng ca nt v, tnh bng pt.
MarkerEdgecolor: mu ca ng vin du (marker).
MarkerFacecolor: mu bn trong du.
Markersize: ln ca du, tnh bng pt.
1.5 V th 28
V d 1.5.3.
x = -pi:pi/10:pi;
y = tan(sin(x)) - sin(tan(x));
plot(x,y,rs,LineWidth,2,MarkerEdgecolor,k,...
MarkerFacecolor,g, Markersize,10)
3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
Xc nh ta :
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
xlim([xmin xmax])
ylim([ymin ymax])
Ty chnh cc kiu trc ta :
axis on/off/auto
axis normal/square/equal/tight
axis ij/xy
grid on/off
1.5 V th 29
V d 1.5.5.
t = 0:0.02*pi:25*pi;
x = sin(t); y = cos(t);
z = t;
plot3(x,y,z);
1.5 V th 31
80
60
40
20
0
1
0.5 1
0 0.5
0
0.5 0.5
1 1
[x,y]=meshgrid([-4:0.1:4]);
z=x.*x.*y.*exp(-x. 2-y. 2);
plot3(x,y,z)
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
4
2 4
0 2
0
2 2
4 4
1.5 V th 32
surf / surfc
waterfall
bar3 / bar3h
pie3 / fill3
Dng lnh
print -dtiff -r200 mygraph.tiff print deps2 mygraph.eps
i s tuyn tnh
Cng: A+B
Tr: A-B
Nhn: A*B
Ly tha: A n
Nhn vi mt s: A*n
2.1 Cc php ton ma trn, cc php bin i s cp 35
>> A = [1,2;3,4]
>> B = [5,6;7,8]
>> A+B
ans =
6 8
10 12
>> A*B
ans =
19 22
43 50
>> A/B
ans =
3 -2
2 -1
>> A\B
ans =
-3 -4
4 5
Chuyn v: A
nh thc: det(A)
Vt ca ma trn: trace(A)
>> A = [2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9]
>> det(A)
ans =
-77
>> rank(A)
ans =
3
>> trace(A)
ans =
18
>> sum(A)
ans =
11 16 12
c bit hn, thc hin cc php ton nhn, chia gia phn t vi phn
t ca hai ma trn, hay ly tha tng phn t ca ma trn, chng ta thm
du chm (.) vo trc php ton cn tnh.
>> A = [1,2;3,4]
>> B = [5,6;7,8]
>> A.*B
ans =
5 12
21 32
>> A./B
ans =
0.2000 0.3333
0.4286 0.5000
>> A.\B
ans =
5.0000 3.0000
2.3333 2.0000
>> A. 3
ans =
1 8
27 64
2.1 Cc php ton ma trn, cc php bin i s cp 37
BI TP
1. Cho x = [2 5 1 6].
(a) x + y
(b) x + A
(c) x + y
(d) A [x y]
(e) A 3
(a) A
(b) sum(A)
2.1 Cc php ton ma trn, cc php bin i s cp 38
(c) sum(A)
(d) sum(A, 2)
(e) [[A; sum(A)] [sum(A, 2); sum(A(:))]]
>> A = [2 4; 3 8; 6 7]
>> A(1,:) = A(1,:)*10
A =
20 40
3 8
6 7
>> A(2,:) = A(2,:) + 3*A(3,:)
A =
20 40
21 29
6 7
>> A = A([3 1 2],:)
A =
6 7
20 40
21 29
BI TP
Cho ma trn A = [2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9], vit lnh Matlab
>> eye(3)
ans =
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
ans =
Ma trn nghch o ca A l
>> inv(A)
ans =
ans =
2.3 Bi tp
2.1 T to ngu nhin ma trn A l ma trn vung 25 phn t thuc C .
(a) Kim tra ma trn A c kh nghch hay khng, nu khng th cho
li ma trn ngu nhin khc.
(b) Xc nh ma trn nghch o ca A bng cc php bin i s cp
trn dng (lm tng bc).
2.3 Cho ma trn bt k khng kh nghch 100 phn t. Dng cc php bin
i s cp trn dng kim tra tnh khng kh nghch ca ma trn .
2 3i 1 1 2 2i + 1
(b) i 3 1 0 , 0 1 2
1 2 i1 3 1 i+1
4.(BA) = BA
Trong ma trn AB v BA l ma trn Hermit, tc l ma trn phc c tnh
i xng lin hp.
Ma trn chuyn v ca A l
>> A
ans =
pinv(A)
ans =
2.4 Bi tp 44
-0.0263 0.0789
0.2789 -0.1168
-0.0211 0.1032
>> A*pinv(A)*A
ans =
2.4 Bi tp
2.1 Cho ma trn A nh sau:
81 + 7i 10 + 8i 16 + 7i 14 + 8i
91 28 + 7i 97 42 + 7i
13 + 8i 55 + 4i 96 + 3i 92 + 3i
91 + 9i 96 + 7i 49 79 + 10i
63 + 7i 96 + 2i 80 + i 96
X =
0.0270 -2.2703
0.0811 1.1892
0.5405 1.5946
i vi phng trnh XA=b, ta dng php ton chia phi / hoc hm mrdi-
vide(b,A).
gii phng trnh ma trn trong Matlab,ta ch s dng hm linsolve(A,b,opts).
Trong opts l tham s ch tnh cht ca ma trn A. iu ny rt quan
trng v n nh hng n tc tnh ton ca hm.
V d 2.4.4. Nu A l ma trn i xng, ta nhp vo cu lnh nh sau lin-
solve(A,b,SYM). Sau y l bng cc gi tr ca tham s opts.
2.5 Bi tp
2.1 Cho ma trn A nh sau rand(50,50). Tm ma trn X tha :
(a) 12X 2.5A = I50
(b) XA50 = B. Vi B l ma trn ngu nhin khc A.
2.5 Bi tp 46
Ghi ch 2.5.2. Trc khi gii phng trnh trn, ta cn xem xt phng
trnh ny c nghim hay khng bng cch so snh hng ca ma trn A v
A=[A B].
ans =
ans =
ans =
- (1 - a)^(1/2) - 1
(1 - a)^(1/2) - 1
>> solve(x^2+2*x+a,a)
ans =
- x^2 - 2*x
Dng 2: solve(phng trnh th 1,...,phng trnh th n,bin th
1,...,bin th n)
V d 2.5.5. >> S=solve(x^2-3*x+y,y-2+8*x+2*a,x,y)
S =
x: [2x1 sym]
y: [2x1 sym]
>> S.x
ans =
>> S.y
ans =
2.6 Bi tp 49
>> S=solve(x^2-3*x+y,y-2+8*x+2*a,x,a)
S =
a: [2x1 sym]
x: [2x1 sym]
>> S.a
ans =
>> S.x
ans =
3/2 - (9 - 4*y)^(1/2)/2
(9 - 4*y)^(1/2)/2 + 3/2
>>
2.6 Bi tp
2.1 Gii cc phng trnh v h phng trnh sau y:
3
(a) x3 5x2 + x + 10 = 22
2
(b)Gii h phng trnh sau theo hai cch dng ma trn hoc dng
hm solve
2.7 nh thc, gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh bng nh thc 50
ans =
2.8 Bi tp 51
-316
2.8 Bi tp
2.1 Tnh nh thc ca cc ma trn sau y:
(a)
2 5i 23.2 3 6i
21.2i 3 7i 11
40 8i 2 + i 12 23i
(b)
12222.555 50000 28123445
197772.22345 596959394 32344634596.232
19284785763.2315 23454564 235856394.111223
2.2 Vit chng trnh bin lun h phng trnh tuyn tnh v thc hin
vi h phng trnh sau:
2 8+m 11
3+m 7 2
9 1 12 m
>> p=poly(A)
p =
1.0e+003 *
>> [V,D]=eig(A)
V =
D =
-13.7070 0 0
0 9.1952 0
0 0 13.5117
2.10 Bi tp
2.1 Cho ma trn A M50 (F). Xc nh cc vect x no khi thc hin tch
Ax th khng lm thay i hng ca vect x.
CHNG 3
rng, ngc li th gi tr tr v l 0.
V d : Nu A = [1 4 8 9 10], isempty(A) s tr v l 0. Nu A = [ ],
isempty(A) s tr v l 1.
2. Tm s phn t trong tp hp (length)
Hm length(A) trong Matlab cho bit chiu di ca vector A, n cng
chnh l s phn t ca tp hp A m ta lit k.
V d : A = [1 4 8 9 10], length(A) s bng 5.
3. Bit phn t cho trc c thuc tp hp cho hay khng
(ismember)
Hm ismember(s, A) gm 2 i s. A l tp hp cho trc v s l phn t
ta cn xc nh c thuc tp hp A hay khng. Gi tr c ismember(s, A) s
l 1 nu s thuc A, ngc li l 0.
V d : A = [1 4 8 9 10], s = 2. ismember(s, A) = 0. Nu s = 8 th ismember(s,
A) = 1.
Ngoi ra, i s s trn c th l mt tp hp (vector). Gi tr tr v ca
ismember(s, A) s l mt vector c chiu di bng ng chiu di ca mng
s v c gi tr tng ng l 0 (nu phn t ca s ti v tr khng thuc
A) hoc 1 (nu phn t ca s ti v tr thuc A).
V d : A = [1 4 8 9 10], s = [0 3 9] th ismember(s, A) = [0 0 1].
4. Lit k tt c cc tp con c k phn t ca tp hp cho trc
(nchoosek)
Hm nchoosek(A, k) trong Matlab dng tm tt c cc tp con k phn t
ca tp A, tp A gm c n phn t. Gi tr tr v l mt ma trn gm c
Cnk dng v k ct. Mi dng ca ma trn kt qu l mt tp con gm k phn
t.
V d : A = [1 4 8 9 10], k = 4 th
1 4 8 9
1 4 8 10
nchoosek(A, k) = 1 4 9 10
1 8 9 10
4 8 9 10
3.1.3 BI TP
1. Cho tp A = {2, 4, 6, 8,10, 1, 0}
a. Cho bit tp A c phi rng hay khng ?
b. Tnh tng tt c cc phn t trong tp A.
c. Xem phn t 0 c trong tp A hay khng?
2. Cho tp A, B gm c cc phn t sau y : A = {1, 5, 9, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 6}
v B = {3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 4, 6}
a. Tp A gm c bao nhiu phn t ?
b.Dng lng isempty bit xem A v B c phi l tp trng hay khng?
b. Nu A v B l 2 tp khc trng th tm AB v AB.
c. Xem tp A c cha phn t trng nhau hay khng ?
3. Cho hai tp A v B nh trn bi 2.
a. Xem tp {0, 2, 4} c thuc phn giao ca hai tp A v B hay khng?
b. Tm phn t ln nht v b nht ca c hai tp A v B
c. Kim tra xem tp A c phi l tp con ca tp B hay khng? V B c
phi l tp con ca A hay khng?
4. Pht sinh ngu nhin mt tp hp C gm 100 phn t bng hm rand ca
Matlab
a. Kim tra xem tp hp C c cha nhng phn t no trng nhau hay
khng?
b. Kim tra xem gi tr ln nht ca A c ln hn 1 hay khng? v gi tr
b nht ca A c nh hn 0 hay khng?
c. Pht sinh ngu nhin 1 tp B gm 10 phn t. Tnh (AB)\(AB).
5. Pht sinh ngu nhin 1 tp D gm 9 phn t bng lnh D = 3-3*rand(1,9)
a. Kim tra xem tp hp c thuc tp s nguyn hay khng?
b. Lit k tt c cc tp con gm 4 phn t ca tp D.
c. Lit k tt c cc tp con ca D.
6. Mi sinh vin nam khoa Ton-Tin hc u chi bng hoc bng chuyn.
Bit rng c 350 bn chi bng , 260 bn chi bng chuyn v 70 bn chi
c hai mn th thao ny.
Hi khoa Ton-Tin hc c bao nhiu sinh vin nam (dng cc php ton tp
hp)?
7. Cho x = 1 :180, y = 1 :150. Dng ch s logic v hm mod, lit k cc
phn t ca tp hp A = cc c s nguyn dng ca 180 v ca tp hp
B = cc c nguyn dng ca 150.
Xc nh cc tp hp AB, AB, A\B, B\A
3.2 symbolic math c bn 58
8. Pht sinh ngu nhin hai s nguyn dng m v n khng vt qu 20. Pht
sinh tp hp A gm m phn t nguyn ngu nhin trong khong [-10,10] v
B gm n phn t ngu nhin trong khong [-20, 20].
Xc nh: a. AB hay BA hay A=B khng?
b. A\B; B\A; AB; AB; c. A2 ; B2; AxB; BxA; d. Nhp mt s nguyn x.
Kim tra x A hay x B khng? 9. Cho A = {1, 5, 9, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 6} v
B = {3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 4, 6} v C= {0, 2, 4}. Tm
a. (A B) C b (A B C)\(A B C) c. A C B 10.Cho tp A, B v
C nh trn.
a. Tp no c nhiu phn t nht.
b. Tm gi tr ln nht trong c 3 tp hp trn.
c. Lit k tt c cc tp con ca tp C. Xem tp con no ca tp C l tp
con ca A.
f =
Inline function:
f(x,y,z) = sin(x.*y.*z)
Tn hm Ghi ch Tn hm Ghi ch
cos(x) exp(x) hm e m
sin(x) log(x) logarit t nhin
3.3 Cc bi ton dy s v chui s 59
3.3.3 Bi tp
1 Dng th m t cc dy/chui s sau xem chng hi t hay phn k
(cho trc n ln). Nu chng hi t, c lng gi tr hi t.
}n c. an = sin(n)
3
a. an = (1)n n+1
n
b. an = 2 + { 2
n
d. an = nn! e.an =
(3n + 5n )1/n f. 1.2.3...(2n1)
(2n)n
g. 1.2.3...(2n1)
n!
2 Tnh 20 tng ring u tin ca cc chui sau. V trn cng h trc dy
s hng t ca chui v dy gi tr cc tng ring ca chui. Xt xem chng
hi t hay phn k. Nu hi t th tnh gi tr hi t. Nu phn k th gii
thch
Pti sao. P 2n2 1 P
a. n=1 (5) 12
n b. n=1 n2 +1 c. n=1 tan(n) d. e. 1
P n1
P
n=1 (0.6) n=1 151.5
1
f. n=2 n(n1) g.
1
P P 2n
(n+1)1.5 n=1 3n+1
3 Xt xem cc chui sau hi t hay phn k bng nh ngha dng vng lp
while khi tng n vi epsilon nh cho trc. Nu chng hi t, tnh gi tr
hi t.
(6)n1
a.3 + 2 + 34 + 98 + . . . b. 18 14 + 21 1 + . . . c. d.
P P n
n=1 5 n1 n=0 3n+1
P (3n +2n ) P
e. n=1 6n f. n=1 0.8 n1 n
0.3
4. Tm gi tr n va chui hi t (dng vng lp while tng n).
(1)n+1
a. (sai s nh hn 0.001).
P
n=1 n4
P (2)
b. n=1 n! (sai s nh hn 0.01).
n
(1)n n
c. (sai s nh hn 0.002).
P
n=1 4n
5. c lng gi tr ca tng chui n 4 ch s thp phn (theo t tng
ca bi trn)
(1)n+1 (1)n n (1)n
a. b. c.
P P P
n=1 n5 n=1 8n n=1 3n n!
6. Tm gii hn ca dy s sau :
a. an = { n 3}n=3 b. an = { n+1
n
}n=1 c. an = {cos 6 }n=0
n
10. Ch ra mt gi tr r dy nr n hi t.
ans =
1
Ngoi ra matlab cn c th tnh gii hn tri v gii hn phi ca mt
hm s.
1
V d 3.5.2. Cho f (x) = , tm gii hn ca f khi x 0+ v x 0
x
Trong matlab ta c th lm nh sau:
3.5 Cc bi ton gii hn hm s v tnh lin tc ca hm s 63
>> syms x
>> limit(1/x,x,0,right)
ans =
inf
>> limit(1/x,x,0,left)
ans =
-inf
Ngoi ra chng ta c th p dng hm LIMIT tnh o hm ca mt
hm s bng nh ngha ca o hm.
nh ngha 3.5.3. o hm ca mt hm s f ti a, k hiu l f 0 (a) l
f (x + h) f (x)
f 0 (a) = lim
h0 h
nu gii hn ny tn ti.
V d 3.5.4. Cho hm s f (x) = arctan(x), tm f 0 (a) vi a R ?
>> syms a
>> limit((atan(a+h)-atan(a))/h,h,0)
ans =
1/(1+a^2)
3.5.2 S lin tc ca hm s
nh ngha 3.5.5. Hm s f lin tc ti a nu
lim f (x) = f (a).
xa
V d 3.5.6. Cho
x3 2x2 x + 2
x 6= 2
f (x) = x2
2 x=2
>> syms x
>> limit((x^3-2*x^2-x+2)/(x-2),x,2)
ans =
>> syms x
>> limit((x^3-2*x^2-x+2)/(x-2),x,0)
ans =
-1
ex x < 0 a = 0
3. f (x) =
x2 x 1
x2 x
x 6= 1 a=1
4. f (x) = x 2 1
1 x=1
cos(x) x < 1 a=0
5. f (x) = 0 x=1
2
1x x > 0
2x2 3x 3
x 6= 3 a = 3
6. f (x) =
0 x3 x=3
Bi tp 3.5.9. V th hm s v xc nh cc im bt lin tc ca cc
hm s.
1
1. y =
1 + e1/x
2. y = ln (tan2 x)
Bi tp 3.5.10. S dng matlab chng minh cc hm s sao lin tc trn R?
2
x x<1
1. f (x) =
x x1
sin(x) x < /4
2. f (x) =
cos(x) x /4
ans =
1/4*x^4*atan(x)-1/12*x^3+1/4*x-1/4*atan(x)
>> syms x
>> I=int(x^3*atan(x),x,0,pi/4)
I =
1/1024*pi^4*atan(1/4*pi)-1/768*pi^3+1/16*pi-1/4*atan(1/4*pi)
>> I=eval(I)
I =
0.0529
V d 3.6.3. Tnh tch phn xc nh sau bng phng php tch phn cu
phng gn ng Z 1 x
e arctan(x2 )
I = f (x) = dx.
0 cos(x)
>> F = inline(exp(x).*atan(x.^2)./cos(x));
>> Q=quad(F,0,1)
Q =
0.9230
3.6 Cc bi ton tch phn hm mt bin 68
ba 1
trong x = , v xi = (xi1 + xi ). p dng tnh cc tch phn xc
n 2
nh trong khong (a, b) chnh xc n tm ch s thp phn. So snh kt
qu ca phng php ny vi kt qu bng lnh QUAD.
R 1 ex2 dx
1. 0
1 + e2x
R 10
2. 2
x5 + 1dx
R /2
3. 0
tan4 xdx
R1
4. 0
cos x2 dx
R 5 2 x2
5. 1
x e dx
2. Tm nhng im m ti hm ny t cc i a phng.
1. y = x + x2 x4 .
3.6 Cc bi ton tch phn hm mt bin 69
2. y = 2x + 3x4 2x6 .
Bi tp 3.6.7. Cho mt vt
th c bin gii hn bi trc Oy, ng thng
y = 1, v ng cong y = x. Tnh din tch ca vt th?
4
3.6.5 Bi tp
1. Tm o hm cp 1 ca cc hm s sau y :
a. f (x) = x6 b. f (x) = x c. f (x) = x x
2. Tm o hm cp 1 v cp 2 ca cc hm s sau y :
1
a. f (x) = x 3x 16x b. f (x) = x + x 3 c. f (x) = sin(x)x + x4
4 3
s c n v l mt v t c n v l giy. Tm
a. Vn tc v gia tc ca chuyn ng.
b. Gia tc chuyn ng sau 2 giy.
c. Gia tc chuyn ng khi vn tc bng 0.
4. Mt cht im chuyn ng c dng phng trnh s = 2t3 7t2 + 4t + 1.
Trong s c n v l mt v t c n v l giy. Tm
a. Vn tc v gia tc ca chuyn ng.
b. Gia tc chuyn ng sau 1 giy.
c. V th ca chuyn ng, cng vi vn tc v gia tc.
5. Tm trn ng cong y = 2x3 +3x2 12x+1 im m tip tuyn vi ng
cong ti im song song vi trc honh. 6. Phng trnh y + y 2y = x2
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