1x2.0x2.0 Culvert Design

INDEX
SNo CONTENT
1 Introduction
2 Input Design Data
3 Calculation of Dead Load & SIDL
4 Check for Base Pressure
5 Centerline model
6 Earth Pressure Calculation
7 Braking Force Calculation
8 Temperature Effect
9 Effective Width Calculation for 70RT, 70RW and 40T Boggie Load
10 Design Moment due to different Load Combination from Staad
11 Reinforcement Details of RCC Box
12 Check for ULS and SLS
13 Spring constant calculation
14 Bending Moment Diagrams for various Load Combinations
2
1. INTRODUCTION :
The overall width of Culvert is as depicted in General Arrangement Drawing. The Culvert shall
be made with single cell Precast RCC box type structure with independent return wall. The
details of box are given in design data & figure - 1. In the design of structure, clear cover is
considered as 40 mm for top slab inner faces of side walls & bottom slab and 75mm for earth
face of side walls & bottom slab. This design note deals with design of the single cell RCC box
structure.
The analysis of box structure has been done considering a slice of unit width. The box has been
analysed for its self weight, superimposed dead load (due to wearing coat and guard stone) and
earth pressure using STAAD.Pro. Spring Supports are used in the design. Spring constant is
calculated on the basis of modulus of subgrade reaction of the soil. Two cases of earth pressure
for Dry condition are considered separately. In one case, earth pressure at rest with dry density of
earth is considered to produce maximum earth pressure while in other case, a lower value of
coefficient of active earth pressure with dry density of earth is considered to produce active earth
pressure. Hence following cases of earth pressure are considered :
(a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure as 0.50 when soil at rest & Density of Earth as 2 t/m3 for Dry
condition.
(b) Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure as 0.2794 & Density of Earth as 2 t/m3 for Dry condition.
Analysis for Live Load for class 70R tracked, class 70R wheeled & boggie load have been
done using STAAD.Pro. Live Load positions are identified for maximum bending moments at
different sections and corresponding load intensities per metre width are evaluated as per
effective width method as explained in IRC:112-2011.
The box has also been checked for temperature differential as per clause 218.3 of IRC:6-2014. As
per Table-1 of IRC:6-2014, for this combination, only 50% live load shall be considered.
The following load combinations are considered for the analysis:

(i) DL+ SIDL+ EP
(ii) DL+ SIDL+ EP+ LL
(iii) DL+ SIDL+ EP+ Temp.
(iv) DL+ SIDL+ EP+ Temp.+ 50%LL
3
2.0 INPUT DESIGN DATA :
Overall width = 12.000 m
Width of Carriageway = 11.000 m
Skew Angle = 0 degree
Thickness of Top Slab = 0.175 m
Thickness of Bottom Slab = 0.200 m
Thickness of Outer Web = 0.225 m ( square ) = 0.225 m ( skew )
Thickness of Wearing Coat / Pavement Layer ( above Top Slab ) = 0.075 m
Thickness of Wearing Coat and Top Slab = 0.250 m
Clear Span of Cell = 2.000 m ( square ) = 2.000 m ( skew )
Eff. Horizontal Span of Cell ( upto C/L of Web ) = 2.000 + 0.225 = 2.225 m
Effective Vertical Height ( upto C/L of Slab) = 2.000 + 0.188 = 2.188 m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.500 m
Size of Haunches in Webs 0.150 x 0.150 m
Unit weight of Concrete = 2.500 t/m3

Dry Density of Earth = 2.000 t/m3
Saturated Density of Earth = 2.000 t/m3
Submerged Density of Earth = 1.000 t/m3
Grade of Concrete - M 30 30
Grade of Reinforcement - Fe 500 ( HYSD ) 500
4
3.0 CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD AND SIDL
3.1 DEAD LOAD OF BOX ( per metre width ) :
Top Slab = 2.450 x 0.175 x 2.500 = 1.072 t/m
Bottom Slab = 2.450 x 0.200 x 2.500 = 1.225 t/m
Outer Webs = 2 x 2.000 x 0.225 x 2.500 = 2.250 t/m
Haunches ( 4 nos.) = 4 x ( 0.15 x 0.15 + 0.15 x 0.15) x 2.500 = 0.450 t/m
Total Weight = 4.997 t/m
Equivalent Upward Base Pressure = 4.997 / 2.450 = 2.040 t/m2

say, 2.100 t/m2
3.2 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD (Per metre width) :
Wearing Coat / Pavement Layer ( above Top Slab ) = 2.200 x 0.075 = 0.200 t/m2
Crash Barrier = 2.450 x 2.000 / ( 2.450 x 12.000 ) = 0.200 t/m2
udl = 0.400 t/m2
say, 0.400 t/m2
Base Pressure Calculation :
Crash barrier ( @ 1 t/m on each side ) = 2 x 2.450 x 1.000 / ( 2.450 x 12.000 )
= 0.167 t/m2
0.1667
Total Weight = 0.367 t/m2
Equivalent Upward Base Pressure = 0.367 t/m2

say, 0.370 t/m2
4.0 CHECK FOR BASE PRESSURE :
DRY CONDITION
Due to DL of Box and SIDL = 2.100 + 0.370 = 2.470 t/m2
Due to LL - 70R Tracked Load = 87.5 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 2.976 t/m2
Due to LL - 70R Wheeled Load = 43 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 1.446 t/m2
Due to LL - 40T Boggie Load = 50 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 1.701 t/m2
Total Base Pressure = 5.446 t/m2

< 15.000 t/m2
(Assumed base pressure)
5
5.0 CENTERLINE MODEL
1 2 3.... Joint Numbers

1 2 3.... Beam Numbers
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
32 0 40
33 40
31 39
32 39
30 Haunch - 1 Haunch - 2 38
31 38
29 37
30 37
28 ` 36
29 36
27 Haunch - 3 Haunch - 4 35
28 35
26 34
27 34
25 33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Arrangement of Nodes & Members
2.450
0.11 0.15 0.15 0.144 0.556 0.556 0.144 0.15 0.15 0.11
0.175
0.088 0
0.075 0.150
0.075
2.000
0.856
2.225
2.375
0.844 0.225 0.225

2.000
2.188
0.075
0.075
0.100
0.200
0.11 0.15 0.15 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.175 0.15 0.15 0.11
( *All dimensions are in metre. )
Dimension of Box
( Figure - 1 )
6
Surcharge ( 1.2 m )
C/L at C/L of Top Slab
at face of Top Haunch
Earth Pressure
at mid of Web
C/L
at face of Bottom Haunch
C/L at C/L of Bottom Slab
Earth Pressure Diagram

( Figure - 2 )
6.0 EARTH PRESSURE ( per metre width ) :
6.1. Earth Pressure at Rest State
Saturated Condition :
Coefficient of Earth pressure at rest K0 = 1 - SIN()
1 - 0.5
Coefficient of Earth Pressure at rest = 0.50
Earth Pressure ( EP ) at
H= 0.163 m, at C/L of Top Slab = 0.50 x 2.00 x 0.163 = 0.163 t/m2

0.250 m, at end of Top Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 0.250 = 0.250 t/m2
0.325 m, at center of Top Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 0.325 = 0.325 t/m2
0.400 m, at Start of Top Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 0.400 = 0.400 t/m2
1.169 m, at mid of Outer Web = 0.50 x 2.00 x 1.169 = 1.169 t/m2
2.100 m, at Start of Bottom Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 2.100 = 2.100 t/m2
2.175 m, at center of Bottom Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 2.175 = 2.175 t/m2
2.250 m, at end of Bottom Haunch = 0.50 x 2.00 x 2.250 = 2.250 t/m2
2.350 m, at C/L of Bottom Slab = 0.50 x 2.00 x 2.350 = 2.350 t/m2
LL Surcharge Pressure ( 1.2m height of Earth ) = 0.50 x 2.00 x 1.2 = 1.200 t/m2
7
6.2. Earth Pressure at Active State
Saturated Condition :
As per Coulomb's theory, Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure,
SIN2()
Ka =
2
SIN() SIN()
SIN2() SIN() 1+
SIN() SIN(i )
0.750
2
1 x 0.940 x 1+ 0.408
o
Angle of internal friction of soil = 30 0.524 Radian
o
Angle of incli of stem at back = 90 1.571 Radian
o
Angle of wall friction = 20 0.349 Radian
o
Angle of inclination of back fill soil i = 0.00 0.000 Radian
Coefficient of Active earth pressure ka = 0.2973
Coefficient of horz.active earth pressure Kah for straight face of stem = 0.2794
Earth Pressure ( EP ) at
H= 0.163 m, at C/L of Top Slab = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 0.163 = 0.091 t/m2

0.250 m, at end of Top Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 0.250 = 0.140 t/m2
0.400 m, at center of Top Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 0.400 = 0.224 t/m2
0.475 m, at Start of Top Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 0.475 = 0.265 t/m2
1.256 m, at mid of Outer Web = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 1.256 = 0.702 t/m2
1.950 m, at Start of Bottom Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 1.950 = 1.090 t/m2
2.100 m, at center of Bottom Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 2.100 = 1.173 t/m2
2.250 m, at end of Bottom Haunch = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 2.250 = 1.257 t/m2
2.350 m, at C/L of Bottom Slab = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 2.350 = 1.313 t/m2
LL Surcharge Pressure ( 1.2m height of Earth ) = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 1.2 = 0.671 t/m2
8
7.0 BRAKING FORCE CALCULATION:
As per Clause - 214.2, IRC - 6 : 2000 , the braking force shall be 20% for the first two lanes
plus 5% for the lanes in excess of two.
7.1 Class - 70 RT+A :
Force due to 70 RT = 0.2 x ( 70.0 ) = 14.00 t

Force due to Class A = 0.05 x ( 22.8 ) = 1.14 t
Total Load = 15.1 t
Total Width = 12.00 m
So, Braking Force = 15.1 / 12.00

= 1.262 t/m
Moment due to braking = 1.5144 t-m/m
7.2 Class - 70 RW +A :
Force due to 70 RW = 0.2 x ( 34.0 ) = 6.80 t

Force due to Class A = 0.05 x ( 22.8 ) = 1.14 t
Total Load = 7.94 t

= 0.662 t/m
7.3 Class - 40T Boggie+A :
Force due to 40T Boggie = 0.2 x ( 40.0 ) = 8.00 t

Total Load = 8.0 t

= 0.667 t/m
9
8.0TEMPERATURE EFFECT :
8.1 Effect of Temperature Gradient :
F = Ec t A
Ec = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 3.16E+06 t/m2
= Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 1.20E-05 / oC ( Clause 215.4 of IRC - 6 : 2014)
t = Temperature Differential
A = X - Sectional Area of section where temperature differential is Dt
Average thickness of Deck Slab, h = 0.175 m
8.1.1 TEMPERATURE RISE :
4 13.8
0.0525 1 2
0.1
0.0525 4
2.1
Force, Acting at Eccentricity,

S.No. t b t A=bxt
F(t) (m) e(m)
0.026
1 4 1 0.053 0.053 7.97 0.061
( from top )
13.8 0.018
2 1 0.053 0.053 13.74 0.070
2 ( from top )
4 0.086
3 1 0.100 0.100 7.59 0.002
2 ( from top )
2.1 0.018
4 1 0.053 0.053 2.09 -0.070
2 ( from bottom )
F= 31.39
F*e= 1.32
10
8.1.2 TEMPERATURE FALL :
9.9 0.7
2
1 0.035
3 0.044
6 0.044
5 0.035
5.8 0.8
Force, Acting at Eccentricity,

S.No. t b t A=bxt
F(t) (m) e(m)
0.018
1 0.7 1 0.035 0.035 0.93 0.070
( from top )
9.9 0.012
2 1 0.035 0.035 6.57 0.076
2 ( from top )
0.7 0.050
3 1 0.044 0.044 0.58 0.038
2 ( from top )
5.8 0.012
4 1 0.035 0.035 3.85 -0.076
2 ( from bottom )
0.018
5 0.8 1 0.035 0.035 1.06 -0.070
( from bottom )
0.8 0.050
6 1 0.044 0.044 0.66 -0.038
2 ( from bottom )
F= 13.66
F*e= 0.19
8.2 Effect of Uniform Temperature :
( As per Clause - 218.2, IRC:6 - 2000 )
Maximum Shade Air Temperature for Uttarakhand region = 45.00 degree
Minimum Shade Air Temperature for Uttarakhand region = -7.50 degree
Difference between Maximum & Minimum Air Shade Temperature = 52.50 degree
So, the Bridge Temperature at the time of restraint = 36.25 degree
( say ) 40 degree
Therefore, Load effect due to Temperature Rise & Temperature Fall = ( +/- ) 40 degree
11
TRANSVERSE POSITION OF LIVE LOAD :
CLASS - 70R TRACKED LOAD :
2.12
Effective Width available

0.84 W1
2.06
0.84 W1
4.57 Beff / 2
B
L0
( Figure - 3 )
12
CLASS - 70R WHEELED LOAD & 40T BOGGIE LOAD :
0.263
2.13
Effective Width available

0.86 W1 W2
1.93
0.86 W1 W2
B
Beff / 2
d1
L0
( Figure - 4)
13
9.0 LIVE LOADS
The box has been analysed for Class 70R tracked, 70R wheeled & 40T Boggie load using STAAD Pro. Max. Bending
moment at mid span ( L/2 ) & at face of haunches are evaluated and corresponding positions of loads on the structure
are identified. Live load intensity per metre width are evaluated for these load positions.
Bending moment at the various sections are evaluated for Class 70R tracked, 70R wheeled and 40T Boggie loading and
the structure is designed for maximum bending moments.
EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF SLAB
According to IRC: 112-2011, if the effective width of slab for a load overlaps with the effective width of slab for an
adjacent load, the resultant effective width for two loads equals to sum of respective effective width for each load
minus the width of overlap.
Firstly effective width as per IRC:21 is evaluated then actual available width is compared with that value and
corresponding load intensity per metre width is evaluated.
Effective width, beff = a. ( 1 - a / l0 ) + b1

where, l0 = the effective span
a = the distance of centre of gravity of the concentrated load from the nearest support
= A constant depending upon the ratio b / l0, where b is the width of the slab
b / l0 = 12.00 / 2.225 = 5.393 = 2.6
b1 = breadth of loads over the deck slab after 450 dispersion through wearing coat
b1 = 0.84 + 2 x 0.075 = 0.990 m ( for 70R tracked )

b1 = 0.86 + 2 x 0.075 = 1.010 m ( for 70R wheeled & 40T Boggie )
14
9.1 LIVE LOAD POSITION ( 70R TRACKED LOADING ) :
BOTTOM SLAB :
1. FOR MAX. HOGGING B.M. AT START OF HAUNCH- 3/4
LOAD CASE : 23
70 RT
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2. FOR MAX. HOGGING B.M. AT END OF HAUNCH- 3/4
LOAD CASE : 68
70 RT
15 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
3. FOR MAX. SAGGING B.M. AT MID SPAN ( L/2 )
LOAD CASE : 22
70 RT
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15
TOP SLAB :
LOAD CASE : 21
70 RT
15 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 56
70 RT
15 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 22
70 RT
15 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
OUTER WEB :
LOAD CASE : 19
70 RT
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
16
9.2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WIDTH FOR 70RT LOAD
Class - 70 RT
Max.
Load
beff ( beff/2 ( Available
LIVE LOAD a( m) b1 ( m ) lo Intensity (
m) m) Width (
t/m )
m)
BOTTOM SLAB :
31.094 1.038 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.430 1.215 4.490 6.926
0.000 0.0925 0.990 2.225 2.6 1.221 0.610 2.441 0.000
34.592 1.086 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.435 1.218 4.495 7.695
TOP SLAB :
25.869 0.9825 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.417 1.208 4.477 5.779
8.786 1.041 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.430 1.215 4.490 1.957
34.592 1.086 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.435 1.218 4.495 7.695
OUTER WEB :
25.805 1.041 0.990 2.225 2.6 2.430 1.215 4.490 5.747
17
9.3 LOAD INTENSITY FOR 70 RT LOAD :
o
Dispersion Width = wheel length over the span after 45 dispersion through wearing coat and slab
BOTTOM SLAB :
Dispersion Width = 2.030 + 0.195 = 2.225 m
Live Load Intensity as udl 6.926 / 2.225 = 3.113 t/m2
TOP SLAB :
OUTER WEB :
18
9.4 LIVE LOAD POSITION ( 70R WHEELED LOADING ) :
BOTTOM SLAB :
LOAD CASE : 81
17 17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 36
17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 19
17 17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
19
TOP SLAB :
LOAD CASE : 26
17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 28
17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 70
17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
OUTER WEB :
LOAD CASE : 19
17 17
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
20
9.5 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WIDTH FOR 70RW LOAD
Class - 70 RW
Max.
LIVE Load
beff beff/2 Available
CELL LOAD ( a( m) b1 ( m ) lo Intensity (
(m) (m) Width
ton ) t/m )
(m)
BOTTOM SLAB :
First 12 0.080 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.211 0.605 2.421 4.957

First 17 0.012 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.042 0.521 2.085 8.155
First 17 0.092 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.241 0.620 2.481 6.852
First 17 0.433 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.916 0.958 3.832 4.437

First 17 0.426 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.906 0.953 3.812 4.460
TOP SLAB :
First 17 1.093 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.456 1.228 4.386 3.876
First 17 0.893 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.400 1.200 4.330 3.926
First 17 1.106 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.456 1.228 4.386 3.876
21
OUTER WEB :
First 17 0.433 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.916 0.958 3.832 4.437

First 17 0.426 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.906 0.953 3.812 4.460
9.6 LOAD INTENSITY FOR 70 RW LOAD :

Dispersion Width = wheel length over the span after 45o dispersion through wearing coat and slab
BOTTOM SLAB :
Dispersion Width of 12 t wheel = 0.212 + 0.250 = 0.462 m

Live Load Intensity as udl

for 12 t wheel, 4.957 / 0.462 = 10.740 t/m2
for 17 t wheel, 8.155 / 0.394 = 20.698 t/m2

for 17 t wheel, 6.852 / 0.474 = 14.456 t/m2


for 17 t wheel, 4.437 / 0.763 = 5.815 t/m2
for 17 t wheel, 4.460 / 0.763 = 5.845 t/m2
22
TOP SLAB :

for 17 t wheel, 3.876 / 0.763 = 5.080 t/m2

for 17 t wheel, 3.926 / 0.763 = 5.146 t/m2

for 17 t wheel, 3.876 / 0.763 = 5.080 t/m2
OUTER WEB :


for 17 t wheel, 4.437 / 0.763 = 5.815 t/m2
for 17 t wheel, 4.460 / 0.763 = 5.845 t/m2
Corresponding Base Pressure, = 1.156 t/m2
23
9.7 LIVE LOAD POSITION ( 40T BOGGIE LOADING ) :
BOTTOM SLAB :
LOAD CASE : 23
20 20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 35
20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 18
20 20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
24
TOP SLAB :
LOAD CASE : 20
20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 27
20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOAD CASE : 12
20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
OUTER WEB :
LOAD CASE : 18
20 20
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25
9.8 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WIDTH FOR 40T-BOOGIE
Class - 40T BOGGIE

Max. Load
LIVE LOAD
CELL a( m) b1 ( m ) lo beff ( m ) beff/2 ( m ) Available Intensity
( ton )
Width ( m ) ( t/m )
BOTTOM SLAB :
First 20 0.976 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.435 1.217 4.365 4.582
First 20 0.043 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.118 0.559 2.237 8.941
First 20 0.483 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.992 0.996 3.922 5.099

First 20 0.526 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.055 1.027 3.985 5.019
TOP SLAB :
First 20 0.676 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.234 1.117 4.164 4.803
First 20 0.843 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.371 1.186 4.301 4.650
First 20 1.096 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.456 1.228 4.386 4.560
OUTER WEB :
First 20 0.483 1.010 2.225 2.6 1.992 0.996 3.922 5.099

First 20 0.526 1.010 2.225 2.6 2.055 1.027 3.985 5.019
9.9 LOAD INTENSITY FOR 40T BOGGIE LOAD :

Dispersion Width = wheel length over the span after 45o dispersion through wearing coat and slab
BOTTOM SLAB :

for 20 t wheel, 4.582 / 0.763 = 6.006 t/m2
26

for 20 t wheel, 8.941 / 0.424 = 21.088 t/m2


for 20 t wheel, 5.099 / 0.763 = 6.683 t/m2
for 20 t wheel, 5.019 / 0.763 = 6.578 t/m2
TOP SLAB :

for 20 t wheel, 4.803 / 0.763 = 6.295 t/m2

for 20 t wheel, 4.650 / 0.763 = 6.094 t/m2

for 20 t wheel, 4.560 / 0.763 = 5.976 t/m2
OUTER WEB :


for 20 t wheel, 5.099 / 0.763 = 6.683 t/m2
for 20 t wheel, 5.019 / 0.763 = 6.578 t/m2
27
10.0 DESIGN MOMENT DUE TO DIFFERENT LOAD COMBINATION FROM STAAD :
ULS Rare Combination Frequent Combination
Total BM ( ton-m / m ) Total BM ( ton-m / m ) Total BM ( ton-m / m )

Location
Due to (DL + SIDL + EP + LL) Due to (DL + SIDL + EP + LL) Due to (DL + SIDL + EP + LL)
Sagging Hogging Sagging Hogging Sagging Hogging
Start of Haunch - 3 / 4 4.400 3.100 1.900

Bottom
End of Haunch - 3 / 4 3.300 2.400 1.300
Slab
Mid Span ( L/2 ) 5.100 3.600 3.000
Start of Haunch - 1 / 2 4.100 3.200 2.700

Top
End of Haunch - 1 / 2 2.600 2.000 1.600
Slab
Mid Span ( L/2 ) 3.200 2.350 2.000
Bottom Haunch Start 5.200 3.600 2.500
Bottom Haunch End 4.600 3.100 2.300

Outer
Mid of Web 0.900 2.900 0.600 2.000 0.500 1.800
Web
Top Haunch End 4.800 3.900 3.500
Top Haunch Start 5.200 4.400 4.000
Quasi-Permanent
Total BM ( ton-m / m )
Location
Due to (DL + SIDL + EP + LL)
Sagging Hogging
Bottom Haunch Start 1.00

Bottom
Bottom Haunch End 1.00
Slab
Mid of Web 2.30
Start of Haunch - 1 / 2 1.10

Top
End of Haunch - 1 / 2 0.80
Slab
Mid Span ( L/2 ) 1.60
Bottom Haunch Start 1.60
Bottom Haunch End 1.60

Outer
Mid of Web 0.50 1.60
Web
Top Haunch End 1.70
Top Haunch Start 1.80
28
11.0 FLEXURAL R/F DETAIL OF RCC BOX:
11.1 Longitudinal / Main Reinforcement

Reinforcement Reinforcement
required at required at Reinforcement provided at inner face Reinforcement provided at outer face
Location
inner face outer face
(mm2/m) (mm2/m) Bar - 1 Spacing Bar - 2 Spacing Bar - 1 Spacing Bar - 2 Spacing
Start of Haunch - 3 / 4 638.80 12 180 10 180 12 180
Bottom Slab End of Haunch - 3 / 4 707.68 12 180 10 180 12 180
Mid Span ( L/2 ) 837.22 12 180 10 180 10 180
Start of Haunch - 1 / 2 551.86 10 180 10 180 12 180
Top Slab End of Haunch - 1 / 2 490.67 10 180 10 180 12 180
Mid Span ( L/2 ) 614.29 10 180 10 180 10 180
End of Haunch - 3 / 4 652.84 10 180 12 180 10 180
Start of Haunch -3/4( Bottom ) 810.42 10 180 12 180 10 180
Outer Web Mid of Web 187.20 490.88 10 180 12 180
Start of Haunch - 1/2( Top ) 849.95 10 180 12 180 10 180
End of Haunch - 1 / 2 652.84 10 180 12 180 10 180
11.2 Distribution Reinforcement :

Location Reinforcement Reinforcement provided
Required
Top Slab : at outer face / inner face 153.57 10 275
Bottom Slab : at outer face / inner face 209.30 10 275
Outer Web : at outer face / inner face 212.49 10 275
29
12.0 CHECK FOR ULS AND SLS:
Design Constants Bottom slab & side wall clear cover:

fy = 500 MPa Top slab clear cover: = 40 mm Earth Face = 75 mm
fck = 30 MPa Non-earth face = 40 mm
Es = 200 GPa (Cl. 6.2.2, IRC: 112-2011) Ecm = 31.0 Gpa (Table 6.5, IRC: 112-2011) m1 = 6.45
Dtop haunch end = 0.175 m Dbottom haunch end = 0.200 m Douter web haunch end = 0.225 m
Dtop haunch start = 0.225 m Dbottom haunch start = 0.250 m Douter web haunch start = 0.275 m
dtop haunch end = 0.130 m dbottom haunch end = 0.119 m (Earth face) douter web haunch end = 0.144 m (Earth face)
dtop haunch start = 0.180 m dbottom haunch start = 0.169 m (Earth face) douter web haunch start = 0.194 m (Earth face)
dbottom center = 0.154 m (Non-Earth face) douter web center = 0.180 m (Non-Earth face)
CheckforStrength{ULS:BasicCombination(MaxBendingMoment)}
Xu,max/d Rlim dmin pt,req/100 R pt,lim Xu
Compone 0.0035/ Xu,max dprovided d Ast,req Ast,lim Ast,provided
Section 0.362*fck*(Xu,max/d) 41.61*(fck/fy) Check (0.87*fy*Ast)/ Check
nt (0.0055+ (m) (Mu/Rlim*b) (mm) (Check) Ast,req/bd Mu/bd2 (mm2) (mm2) (mm2)
*(1-0.416Xu,max/d) *(Xu,max/d) (0.362*fck*b)
0.87Fy/Es)
Mid Span 0.456 0.059 4.013 89.3 130 OK 0.005 1.89 614 1.139 1480 873 OK 34.95 Under-reinf
Haunch
Top Slab 0.456 0.059 4.013 80.5 130 OK 0.004 1.54 491 1.139 1480 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf
end
Haunch
0.456 0.082 4.013 101.1 180 OK 0.003 1.27 552 1.139 2049 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf
Start
Mid Span 0.456 0.070 4.013 112.7 154 OK 0.005 2.15 837 1.139 1753 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf
Bottom Haunch
0.456 0.054 4.013 90.7 119 OK 0.006 2.33 708 1.139 1355 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf
Slab end
Haunch
0.456 0.077 4.013 104.7 169 OK 0.004 1.54 639 1.139 1924 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf
Start
Haunch
0.456 0.088 4.013 113.8 194 OK 0.003 1.38 653 1.139 2209 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf Bottom
Start
Haunch
0.456 0.066 4.013 107.1 144 OK 0.006 2.22 810 1.139 1639 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf Bottom
end
Outer
mid span 0.456 0.082 4.013 47.4 180 OK 0.001 0.28 116 1.139 2049 436 OK 17.48 Under-reinf inner face
Web
Haunch
0.456 0.066 4.013 109.4 144 OK 0.006 2.31 850 1.139 1639 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf Top
end
Haunch
0.456 0.088 4.013 113.8 194 OK 0.003 1.38 653 1.139 2209 1065 OK 42.64 Under-reinf Top
Start
30
CheckforStresses(SLS:Rare&QuasiPermanentCombination)
cbc = fck/3 = 10.00 m2 = 280/3cbc = 9.333
Rare Combination Quasi Permanent Combination
Comp
m Xu 2nd MOI, Icr Tensile Comp
Stress, Permissi Tensile
Stress, Permissible Stress, Permissible
Compone Concret ble Stress, Steel
Section Moment Steel Moment Concrete
nt e Check Check Check
(-m*Ast+ (Ton-m) (Ton-m)
m*M*(d-
Min of m1/m2 (m2*Ast2+2*b*d*m* b*Xu3/3+m*Ast*(d-Xu)^2 M*Xu/Icr 0.48*fck 0.60*fy M*Xu/Icr 0.36*fck m*M*(d-Xu)/Icr
Xu)/Icr
Ast))/b
Mid Span 16.323 48.26 1.33E+08 2.35 8.55 14.4 OK 236.4 300 OK 1.60 5.82 10.8 OK 161.0
Haunch
Top Slab 16.323 52.05 1.53E+08 2.00 6.82 14.4 OK 166.8 300 OK 0.80 2.73 10.8 OK 66.7
end
Haunch
16.323 63.60 3.21E+08 3.20 6.34 14.4 OK 189.3 300 OK 1.10 2.18 10.8 OK 65.1
Start
Mid Span 16.323 57.82 2.25E+08 3.60 9.24 14.4 OK 251.0 300 OK 2.30 5.91 10.8 OK 160.3
Bottom Haunch
16.323 49.24 1.24E+08 2.40 9.50 14.4 OK 219.7 300 OK 1.00 3.96 10.8 OK 91.6
Slab end
Haunch
16.323 61.21 2.78E+08 3.10 6.82 14.4 OK 195.9 300 OK 1.00 2.20 10.8 OK 63.2
Start
Haunch
16.323 66.55 3.81E+08 3.60 6.30 14.4 OK 196.8 300 OK 1.60 2.80 10.8 OK 87.5
Start
Haunch
16.323 55.47 1.93E+08 3.10 8.91 14.4 OK 232.0 300 OK 1.60 4.60 10.8 OK 119.7
end
Outer
mid span 16.323 44.01 1.60E+08 0.60 1.65 14.4 OK 83.2 300 OK 0.50 1.37 10.8 OK 69.3
Web
Haunch
16.323 55.47 1.93E+08 3.90 11.20 14.4 OK 291.9 300 OK 1.70 4.88 10.8 OK 127.2
end
Haunch
16.323 66.55 3.81E+08 4.40 7.70 14.4 OK 240.5 300 OK 1.80 3.15 10.8 OK 98.4
Start
31
CheckforCrackWidth(SLS:QuasiPermanentCombination)
CheckforCrackWidthinConcrete(Clause12.3.3,IRC:1122011)
Ast,min fct,eff kc c
Compone
Section Ast, provided fctm Max of 2.9 or 0.4[1- h h* k1 k Xu h-Xu Act Check
nt kc*k*fct,eff*Act/s NEd/bh
fctm c/(k1.(h/h*).fct,eff)]<=1
Mid Span 873 203 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.175 0.175 1.5 0.0 1.0 87.5 87.5 87500 OK
Haunch
Top Slab 1065 203 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.175 0.175 1.5 0.0 1.0 87.5 87.5 87500 OK
end
Haunch
1065 261 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.225 0.225 1.5 0.0 1.0 112.5 112.5 112500 OK
Start
Mid Span 1065 290 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.250 0.250 1.5 0.0 1.0 125.0 125.0 125000 OK
Bottom Haunch
1065 232 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.200 0.200 1.5 0.0 1.0 100.0 100.0 100000 OK
Slab end
Haunch
1065 232 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.200 0.200 1.5 0.0 1.0 100.0 100.0 100000 OK
Start
Haunch
1065 319 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.275 0.275 1.5 0.0 1.0 137.5 137.5 137500 OK
Start
Haunch
1065 261 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.225 0.225 1.5 0.0 1.0 112.5 112.5 112500 OK
end
Outer
mid span 436 261 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.225 0.225 1.5 0.0 1.0 112.5 112.5 112500 OK
Web
Haunch
1065 261 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.225 0.225 1.5 0.0 1.0 112.5 112.5 112500 OK
end
Haunch
1065 319 2.5 2.9 0.400 0.275 0.275 1.5 0.0 1.0 137.5 137.5 137500 OK
Start
32
CalculationofCrackWidth(Clause12.3.4,IRC:1122011)
c k1 k2 .eff Sr,max sm-cm Wk
Compone
Section 5(c+/2) sc kt fct,eff (sc-kt (fct,eff/.eff)* 0.6*sc/Es Sr,max* (sm- Check
nt Cover 0.8 or 1.6 0.5 or 1.0 As/Ac,eff (3.4c+0.425k1k2)/.eff
(1+e..eff))/Es cm)
Mid Span 40 225 0.8 0.5 0.010 306.5 161.0 0.5 2.9 0.00003 0.000483 0.148 OK
Haunch
Top Slab 40 230 0.8 0.5 0.012 303.7 66.7 0.5 2.9 -0.00031 0.0002 0.061 OK
end
Haunch
40 230 0.8 0.5 0.009 351.6 65.1 0.5 2.9 -0.00049 0.000195 0.069 OK
Start
Mid Span 40 230 0.8 0.5 0.009 375.5 160.3 0.5 2.9 -0.00010 0.000481 0.181 OK
Bottom Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.011 446.6 91.6 0.5 2.9 -0.00027 0.000275 0.123 OK
Slab end
Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.014 403.5 63.2 0.5 2.9 -0.00026 0.00019 0.077 OK
Start
Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.008 518.5 87.5 0.5 2.9 -0.00055 0.000262 0.136 OK
Start
Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.009 470.6 119.7 0.5 2.9 -0.00021 0.000359 0.169 OK
end
Outer
mid span 40 225 0.8 0.5 0.004 574.3 69.3 0.5 2.9 -0.00157 0.000208 0.119 OK
Web
Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.009 470.6 127.2 0.5 2.9 -0.00018 0.000382 0.180 OK
end
Haunch
75 405 0.8 0.5 0.008 518.5 98.4 0.5 2.9 -0.00049 0.000295 0.153 OK
Start
CheckforDeflection(SLS:FrequentCombination)
Permissible
Deflection
Deflection 2nd MOI, Icr
Compone Span Moment (mm)
Section (mm) Check
nt (m) (Ton-m)
L/800 b*Xu3/3+m*Ast*(d-Xu)^2 ML2/48EI
Top Slab Mid Span 2.225 2.78 2.00 1.33E+08 0.502 OK

Bottom
Mid Span 2.225 2.78 3.00 2.25E+08 0.443 OK
Slab
Outer web Mid Span 2.188 2.73 1.80 1.31E+08 0.442 OK
33
13.0 Spring constant calculation
Allowable Safe Bearing Pressure qa (t/m2) = 15.00 T/m2

Factor of Safety (S.F) = 2.5
Modulus of Subgrade reaction (Ks=40*S.F.*qa ) (t/m2) = 1500 T/m3
3
S.No Member Length L(m) B(m) KFY ( Ton/m ) KFY ( Ton/m ) Joint
0.113
1 0.113 0.113 1.00 1500 168.750 1
2 0.150 0.131 1.00 1500 196.875 2
3 0.150 0.150 1.00 1500 225.000 3
4 0.175 0.163 1.00 1500 243.750 4
5 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 5
6 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 6
7 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 7
8 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 8
9 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 9
10 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 10
11 0.175 0.175 1.00 1500 262.500 11
12 0.150 0.163 1.00 1500 243.750 12
13 0.150 0.150 1.00 1500 225.000 13
14 0.113 0.131 1.00 1500 196.875 14
15 0.113 0.113 1.00 1500 168.750 15
34
BendingMomentDiagramsforvariousLoadcombinations:

ULS:BottomSlab&SidewallsBMD

ULS:TopSlab&SidewallsBMD

SLSRare:BottomSlab&SidewallsBMD
35

SLSRare:TopSlab&SidewallsBMD

SLSFrequent:BottomSlab&SidewallsBMD

SLSFrequent:TopSlab&SidewallsBMD
36

SLSQuasiPermanent:BottomSlab&wallsBMD
SLSQuasiPermanent:TopSlab&wallsBMD
37

1x2.0x2.0 Culvert Design

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1x2.0x2.0 Culvert Design

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INDEX

6 Earth Pressure Calculation

7 Braking Force Calculation

10 Design Moment due to different Load Combination from Staad

11 Reinforcement Details of RCC Box

12 Check for ULS and SLS

13 Spring constant calculation

14 Bending Moment Diagrams for various Load Combinations

The following load combinations are considered for the analysis:

Overall width = 12.000 m

Width of Carriageway = 11.000 m

Skew Angle = 0 degree

Thickness of Top Slab = 0.175 m

Thickness of Bottom Slab = 0.200 m

Thickness of Outer Web = 0.225 m ( square ) = 0.225 m ( skew )

Thickness of Wearing Coat / Pavement Layer ( above Top Slab ) = 0.075 m

Thickness of Wearing Coat and Top Slab = 0.250 m

Clear Span of Cell = 2.000 m ( square ) = 2.000 m ( skew )

Effective Vertical Height ( upto C/L of Slab) = 2.000 + 0.188 = 2.188 m

Width of Crash Barrier = 0.500 m

Size of Haunches in Webs 0.150 x 0.150 m

Unit weight of Concrete = 2.500 t/m3

Grade of Reinforcement - Fe 500 ( HYSD ) 500

3.1 DEAD LOAD OF BOX ( per metre width ) :

Top Slab = 2.450 x 0.175 x 2.500 = 1.072 t/m

Bottom Slab = 2.450 x 0.200 x 2.500 = 1.225 t/m

Outer Webs = 2 x 2.000 x 0.225 x 2.500 = 2.250 t/m

Haunches ( 4 nos.) = 4 x ( 0.15 x 0.15 + 0.15 x 0.15) x 2.500 = 0.450 t/m

Total Weight = 4.997 t/m

Equivalent Upward Base Pressure = 4.997 / 2.450 = 2.040 t/m2

3.2 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD (Per metre width) :

Crash barrier ( @ 1 t/m on each side ) = 2 x 2.450 x 1.000 / ( 2.450 x 12.000 )

Total Weight = 0.367 t/m2

Equivalent Upward Base Pressure = 0.367 t/m2

4.0 CHECK FOR BASE PRESSURE :

Due to DL of Box and SIDL = 2.100 + 0.370 = 2.470 t/m2

Due to LL - 70R Tracked Load = 87.5 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 2.976 t/m2

Due to LL - 70R Wheeled Load = 43 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 1.446 t/m2

Due to LL - 40T Boggie Load = 50 / ( 2.45 x 12.000 ) = 1.701 t/m2

Total Base Pressure = 5.446 t/m2

1 2 3.... Joint Numbers

Arrangement of Nodes & Members

0.844 0.225 0.225

at face of Top Haunch

at face of Bottom Haunch

C/L at C/L of Bottom Slab

Earth Pressure Diagram

6.0 EARTH PRESSURE ( per metre width ) :

6.1. Earth Pressure at Rest State

Coefficient of Earth Pressure at rest = 0.50

Dry Density of Earth = 2.00 t/m3

H= 0.163 m, at C/L of Top Slab = 0.50 x 2.00 x 0.163 = 0.163 t/m2

As per Coulomb's theory, Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure,

Dry Density of Earth = 2.00 t/m3

H= 0.163 m, at C/L of Top Slab = 0.2794 x 2.00 x 0.163 = 0.091 t/m2

7.1 Class - 70 RT+A :

Force due to 70 RT = 0.2 x ( 70.0 ) = 14.00 t

So, Braking Force = 15.1 / 12.00

Force due to 70 RW = 0.2 x ( 34.0 ) = 6.80 t

So, Braking Force = 7.94 / 12.00

Force due to 40T Boggie = 0.2 x ( 40.0 ) = 8.00 t

So, Braking Force = 8.0 / 12.00

8.1 Effect of Temperature Gradient :

Ec = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 3.16E+06 t/m2