Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1906-1969
CORE
The Person
CARE CURE
Concepts
Behavior
Hall broadly defines behavior as everything that is said or done.
Behavior is dictated by feelings both conscious and unconscious
Reflection
Reflection is a Rogerian method of communication in which selected
verbalizations of patients is repeated back to them with different
phraseology to invite them to explore feelings further.
Self-awareness
Self-awareness refers to the state of being that nurses endeavor to
help their patients achieve. The more self-awareness a person has of their
feelings, the more control they have over their behavior.
Second-Stage illness
The patient enters the second phase of medical care once the doctors
begin giving only follow up care. Hall defines second-stage illness as a
nonacute recovery phase of illness. This stage is conducive to learning and
rehabilitation. The need for medical care is minimal, although the need for
nurturing and learning is great. Therefore this is the ideal time for wholly
professional nursing.
Central Concepts
Care
Care alludes the hands on, intimate bodily care aspect of nursing of
the patient and implies a comforting, nurturing relationship. While intimate
physical care is given, the patient and the nurse develop a close relationship
representing the teaching and learning aspect of nursing. The natural and
biological sciences (the Body).
Core
Core involves the therapeutic use of self in communicating with the
patient. The nurse through the use of reflective technique helps the patient
clarify motives and goals, facilitating the process of increasing the patients
self awareness. The social sciences (the person).
Cure
Cure is the aspect of nursing involved with the administration of
medications and treatments. The nurse functions in his role as an
investigator and potential cause of pain related to skills such as injections
and dressing changes. Seeing the patient and family through the medical
care aspect of nursing. The pathological and therapeutic sciences (the
disease).
Theoretical Assertions
Nursing
Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care core and
cure aspects of nursing care. Nursing can and should be professional. Hall
stipulated that patients should be cared for only by professional nurses who
can take total responsibility for the care and teaching of their patients. Care
is the sole function of the nurse, where as core and cure are shared with
other member of the health team. However the major purpose of care is to
achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate
the development of care.
Person
Hall viewed a patient as composed of these three aspects: body,
pathology and person. She emphasized the importance of the individual as
unique, capable of growth and learning and requiring a total person
approach. Patients achieve their maximal potential through learning process,
therefore, the chief therapy they need is teaching.
Health
Hall viewed becoming ill is a behavior. Illness is directed by feelings-
out-of-awareness, which are the root of adjustment difficulties. Healing may
be hastened by helping people move in the direction of self-awareness. Once
people are brought to terms with their true feelings and motivations, they
become free to release their own powers of healing. Through the process of
reflection, the patient has the chance to move from the unlabeled threat of
anxiety . . . through a mislabeled threat of phobia or disease . . . to a
properly labeled threat (fear) with which he can deal constructively.
Environment
The concept of environment is dealt with in relation to the individual.
Hall was credited with developing the concept of Loeb Center for Nursing
because she assumed that the hospital environment during the treatment of
acute illness creates a difficult psychological experience for the ill individual.
Loeb Center focuses on providing an environment conducive to self
development in which the action of nurses is for assisting the individual in
attaining a personal goal.
Limitations
Assessment
Core
Diagnosis
Core
Implementation
Care and Core
Evaluation
Optimum Level of Functioning
1. What were the assessment findings of the client in the following stages
of surgery:
1.1 Preoperative stage;
1.2 Intra-oprative stage;
1.3 Post-operative stage?
2. What is the Psychopathophysiology of the clients illness?
3. What nursing diagnoses and plans of care were identified in each of
the three stages of surgery based on Halls theory?
4. What nursing care interventions were rendered to the client in each of
the three stages of surgery?
5. What was the evaluation of the nursing care interventions for each
nursing diagnosis identified?
Intraoperative Stage
Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired skin integrity related to mechanical interruption
of skin/tissues secondary to surgery.
Scientific Basis: Wounds made aseptically with a minimum of tissue
destruction that are properly closed heal with little tissue reaction by
first intention (Smeltzer and Bare, 2008)
Core:
Presence of incision on abdomen secondary to total abdominal
hysterectomy.
Outcome Interventions Evaluation
Criteria Care Cure
Desired Outcome 1. Assess the 2. Monitor Vital Actual Outcome
Within 10 degree of skin signs After 10 hours
hours of nurse impairment of nurse client
client interaction R: For baseline interaction during
during the R: Assessment is data and/or the intensive
intensive the primary step monitor how the practicum, the
practicum, the to be undertaken client is client successfully
client will before any responding to underwent total
undergo a interventions the surgery abdominal
successful total must be made to (Smeltzer and hysterectomy
abdominal note the degree Bare, 2008) with no
hysterectomy and type of complications
with no signs of management 3. Observe the noted.
complications required of any principle of
and/or disease condition surgical
unusualities in (Smeltzer and asepsis all
the incision site Bare, 2008). throughout
during and after the entire
the operation. operation.
R: To prevent
infection or
minimize the
spread of
microorganisms
(Smeltzer and
Bare, 2008)
Assessment Tool
Hypertensive?
If yes: For how many years now?
When diagnosed? By whom?
Normal average BP? Highest BP?
Any maintenance meds? What are these? Relief noted? Compliance?
Diabetic?
If yes: For how many years now?
When diagnosed? By whom?
Last known blood sugar level? Highest? Average?
Any maintenance meds? What are these? Relief noted? Compliance?
Smoker
If yes: how many sticks per day?
For how long now? When and why did you smoke?
How often do you smoke?
Alcoholic
If yes: How many bottles?
How long have you been drinking?
How often do you drink?
What do you usually drink?
Why do you drink?
Previous Hospitalization
Along with the above questions to gather pertinent data of the client,
the researcher also included he Gordons Functional Health Pattern and the
Comprehensive Physical Assessment (head to toe).
Bibliography