UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD. Gonzalez Duque.

JFET 1

JFET THEIR FEATURES AND DIFFERENT

APPLICATION
Duque Gonzalez Gustavo Adolfo
Cod. 14.798.664, Group: 299002_1
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD

Abstractunipolar devices are called those JFETs can have an n-type or p-type channel. In the
semiconductor devices that base their driving mechanism n-type, if the voltage applied to the gate is less than
almost exclusively on a single type of load carrier. In this
article we will study the unipolar device called JFET Junction that applied to the source, the current will be
FET (Field Effect Transistor), their features and different reduced (similarly in the p-type, if the voltage
applications. applied to the gate is greater than that applied to the
source).
Keywords Drain, Gate, Junction, Source,
Semiconductor, Transistor. A JFET has a large input impedance (sometimes on
the order of 1010 ohms), which means that it has a
negligible effect on external components or circuits
connected to its gate.
I. INTRODUCTION

The junction gate field-effect transistor (JFET or II. JFET STRUCTURE

JUGFET) is the simplest type of field-effect
transistor.[1] They are three-terminal semiconductor The JFET is a long channel of semiconductor
devices that can be used as electronically-controlled material, doped to contain an abundance of positive
switches, amplifiers, or voltage-controlled resistors. charge carriers or holes (p-type), or of negative
carriers or electrons (n-type). Ohmic contacts at
Unlike bipolar transistors, JFETs are exclusively each end form the source (S) and the drain (D). A
voltage-controlled in that they do not need a biasing pn-junction is formed on one or both sides of the
current. Electric charge flows through a channel, or surrounding it, using a region with
semiconducting channel between source and drain doping opposite to that of the channel, and biased
terminals. By applying a reverse bias voltage to a using an ohmic gate contact (G).
gate terminal, the channel is "pinched", so that the
electric current is impeded or switched off
completely. A JFET is usually on when there is no
potential difference between its gate and source
terminals. If a potential difference of the proper
polarity is applied between its gate and source
terminals, the JFET will be more resistive to current
flow, which means less current would flow in the
channel between the source and drain terminals.
Thus, JFETs are sometimes referred to as depletion-
Fig.1. Circuit symbol JFET
mode devices.

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The semiconductor channel of the Junction

Field Effect Transistor is a resistive path through
which a voltage VDS causes a current ID to flow and
as such the junction field effect transistor can
conduct current equally well in either direction. As
the channel is resistive in nature, a voltage gradient
is thus formed down the length of the channel with
this voltage becoming less positive as we go from
the Drain terminal to the Source terminal.

The result is that the PN-junction therefore has a

high reverse bias at the Drain terminal and a lower
reverse bias at the Source terminal. This bias causes
a depletion layer to be formed within the channel
and whose width increases with the bias.

The magnitude of the current flowing through the

channel between the Drain and the Source terminals
is controlled by a voltage applied to the Gate
terminal, which is a reverse-biased. In an N-channel
JFET this Gate voltage is negative while for a P-
channel JFET the Gate voltage is positive. The main
difference between the JFET and a BJT device is
that when the JFET junction is reverse-biased the
Gate current is practically zero, whereas the Base
current of the BJT is always some value greater
than zero.
III. OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC V-I CURVES OF A
TYPICAL JUNCTION FET.
The voltage VGS applied to the Gate controls the
current flowing between the Drain and the Source
terminals. VGS refers to the voltage applied between
the Gate and the Source while VDS refers to the
voltage applied between the Drain and the Source.
Because a Junction Field Effect Transistor is a
voltage controlled device, NO current flows into
the gate! then the Source current ( IS ) flowing out
of the device equals the Drain current flowing into
it and therefore ( ID = IS ).
Fig.2. Output V-I curves of a typical JFET
Ohmic Region When VGS = 0 the
depletion layer of the channel is very small
and the JFET acts like a voltage controlled
resistor.
Cut-off Region This is also known as the
pinch-off region were the Gate voltage, VGS
is sufficient to cause the JFET to act as an
open circuit as the channel resistance is at
maximum.
Saturation or Active Region The JFET
becomes a good conductor and is controlled
by the Gate-Source voltage, ( VGS ) while
the Drain-Source voltage, ( VDS ) has little
or no effect.
Breakdown Region The voltage between
the Drain and the Source, (VDS) is high
enough to causes the JFETs resistive
channel to break down and pass
uncontrolled maximum current.

The characteristics curves example shown above The characteristics curves for a P-channel junction
shows the four different regions of operation for a field effect transistor are the same as those above,
JFET and these are given as (see Fig. 2.) except that the Drain current ID decreases with an

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increasing positive Gate-Source voltage, VGS.

The Drain current is zero when VGS = VP. For

normal operation, VGS is biased to be somewhere
between VP and 0. Then we can calculate the Drain
current, ID for any given bias point in the saturation
or active region as follows:

Drain current in the active region.

Fig.3. CS configuration

(1) The common source mode of FET connection is

Note that the value of the Drain current will be
between zero and IDSS (maximum current). By
knowing the Drain current ID and the Drain-Source
voltage VDS the resistance of the channel (ID) is
given as:
generally used audio frequency amplifiers and in
high input impedance pre-amps and stages. Being
an amplifying circuit, the output signal is 180 out-
of-phase with the input.
Common Gate (CG) Configuration

Drain-Source channel resistance. In the Common Gate configuration (similar to

(2)
Where: gm is the transconductance gain since the
JFET is a voltage controlled device and which
represents the rate of change of the Drain current
with respect to the change in Gate-Source voltage.
common base), the input is applied to the Source
and its output is taken from the Drain with the Gate
connected directly to ground (0v) as shown. The
high input impedance feature of the previous
connection is lost in this configuration as the
common gate has a low input impedance, but a high
output impedance.

IV. MODES OF FETS (APPLICATIONS)

Like the bipolar junction transistor, the field effect

transistor being a three terminal device is capable of
three distinct modes of operation and can therefore
be connected within a circuit in one of the following
configurations.
Fig.4. CG configuration
Common Source (CS) Configuration

In the Common Source configuration (similar to
common emitter), the input is applied to the Gate
and its output is taken from the Drain as shown.
This is the most common mode of operation of the
FET due to its high input impedance and good
voltage amplification and as such Common Source
amplifiers are widely used.
This type of FET configuration can be used in high
frequency circuits or in impedance matching
circuits were a low input impedance needs to be
matched to a high output impedance. The output is
in-phase with the input.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD. Gonzalez Duque. JFET
Common Drain (CD) Configuration
In the Common Drain configuration (similar to
common collector), the input is applied to the Gate
and its output is taken from the Source. The
common drain or source follower configuration
has a high input impedance and a low output
impedance and near-unity voltage gain so is
therefore used in buffer amplifiers. The voltage gain
of the source follower configuration is less than
unity, and the output signal is in-phase, 0 with
the input signal.
Fig.5. CD configuration
This type of configuration is referred to as
Common Drain because there is no signal
available at the drain connection, the voltage
present, +VDD just provides a bias. The output is in-
phase with the input.
The JFET Amplifier
Just like the bipolar junction transistor, JFETs can
be used to make single stage class A amplifier
circuits with the JFET common source amplifier
and characteristics being very similar to the BJT
common emitter circuit.
The main advantage JFET amplifiers have over BJT
amplifiers is their high input impedance which is
controlled by the Gate biasing resistive network
formed by R1 and R2 as shown.
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4
Fig.6. JFET Amplifier
This common source (CS) amplifier circuit is biased
in class A mode by the voltage divider network
formed by resistors R1 and R2. The voltage across
the Source resistor RS is generally set to be about
one quarter of VDD, (VDD /4 ) but can be any
reasonable value. The required Gate voltage can
then be calculated from this RS value. Since the
Gate current is zero, (IG = 0 ) we can set the
required DC quiescent voltage by the proper
selection of resistors R1 and R2.
V. CONCLUSIONS
JFETS ARE NORMALLY-ON DEVICES, NO VOLTAGE
APPLIED TO THE GATE ALLOWS MAXIMUM CURRENT
THROUGH THE SOURCE AND DRAIN. ALSO, THE
AMOUNT OF CURRENT ALLOWED THROUGH A JFET IS
DETERMINED BY A VOLTAGE SIGNAL RATHER THAN A
CURRENT SIGNAL AS WITH BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS. IN
FACT, WITH THE GATE-SOURCE PN JUNCTION
REVERSE-BIASED, THERE SHOULD BE NEARLY ZERO
CURRENT THROUGH THE GATE CONNECTION. FOR
THIS REASON, WE CLASSIFY THE JFET AS A
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED DEVICE AND THE BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR AS A CURRENT-CONTROLLED DEVICE.
REFERENCES
[1] Junction Field Effect Transistor. http://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_5.html
[2] JFET. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFET
[3] Enderlein, R., & Horing, N. M. (1997). Insulator-
semiconductor junction in an external voltage in
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD. Gonzalez Duque. JFET 5

Fundamentals Of Semiconductor Physics And Devices.

Singapore: World Scientific. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000x
ww&AN=82603&lang=es&site=ehost-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_612
[4] Levinshtein, M. E., Simin, G. S., & Perelman, M. M.
(1998). Bipolar transistor in Transistors: From Crystals
To Integrated Circuits. Singapore: World Scientific.
Retrieved from:
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live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_169
[5] Dye, N., & Granberg, H. (2001). FETs and BJTs:
Comparison of parameters and circuitry in Radio
Frequency Transistors: Principles and Practical
Applications. Boston: Newnes. Retrieved from:
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://
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