Steam Powered Absorption Chiller Installation and Operation Manual TT PDF

Steam-fired LiBr
Absorption Chiller
Installation & Operation Manual
V5.1
Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se

Contents
Part 1 Working Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 1

Part 2 Working Principle and Cooling cycle .................................................................................................. 2
Part 3 Main Parts and Their Functions ........................................................................................................... 4
Part 4 Properties of LiBr Solution.................................................................................................................. 6
Part 5 Control System and Protections........................................................................................................... 8
Part 6 Installation of system ......................................................................................................................... 13
Part 7 Preparation and Operation ................................................................................................................. 16
Part 8 Operation Record and Management .................................................................................................. 23
Part 9 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................. 27
Part 10 Maintenance .................................................................................................................................... 31
Appendix 1Saturated water vapor temperature & pressure table ............................................................ 37
Appendix 2System diagram .................................................................................................................... 38
Appendix 3Solubility curve of LiBr solution.......................................................................................... 39
Appendix 4Users water system linkage diagram ................................................................................... 40
Appendix 5Control cabinet I/O terminals ............................................................................................... 41
Appendix 6Electrical principle diagram ................................................................................................. 42

Part 1 Working Conditions
Chilled water outlet temperature: 5
Cooling water inlet temperature: 1834
Chilled/Cooling water system pressure: 0.8MPa (except special orders)
Cooling water: Clean fresh water, with its quality complying with Table 8-1
Working steam: Saturated vapor with dryness fraction>99% and overheating
degree20C (except other vapors specified in the contract)
Power supply: 3 phase, 380V/50Hz
Machine room temperature: 5C40C
Machine room relative humidity: 85%
Machine room should be free of dust
Warning:
1. The chiller is a type of vacuum equipment and all valves on it have been
firmly sealed before shipment from factory. Any forms of modification to
these valves are prohibited, that may damage or even destroy the chiller.
2. The chiller should be stored at a place where it is protected from rain and
the relative humidity is not greater than 85%, otherwise the electrical
elements may be damaged.
3. The chiller should be unpacked only by our companys professional
commissioning personnel or properly trained individuals.
4. Do install a strainer (60-80 meshes) at the steam inlet.
5. Do install a check valve at the steam inlet.
6. The customers chilled water pump and cooling water pump are required to
be in linkage with the chiller, otherwise the freezing of tubes may occur.
Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 1

Part 2 Working Principle and Cooling cycle
1. Working principle
Any liquid absorbs heat from its surroundings as it vaporizes. And the lower the
atmospheric pressure, the lower the vaporizing temperature. For example, water vaporizes at
100 under one atmospheric pressure, but under the 0.00891 atmospheric pressure, it
vaporizes at 5.
That is the basic working principle of a LiBr absorption chiller. Water (the refrigerant)
vaporizes in the high-vacuum absorber and absorbs heat from the water to be chilled. The
refrigerant vapor is then absorbed by the LiBr solution (the absorbent) and circulated by pumps
to keep the process going cyclically.
Steam in
Low-temp
Condenser generator
Cooling water
out High-temp
1 generator
1 High-temp generator pressure
High-temp generator intermediate

2 solution temp
Chilled 3 Automatic decrystallizing tube temp

water out 8
4 Evaporator liquid level
Evaporation temp
2
Steam trap
decrystallizing tube
5 Automatic purge device liquid level

Automatic
Evaporator Absorber
Cooling water inlet temp
Chilled 7 6 Cooling water inlet target flowmeter
water in Condensate heat
exchanger Chilled water inlet temp
3 7 Chilled water inlet target flowmeter
6
Chilled water outlet temp
Cooling
Low-temp
heat exchanger
8 Chilled water outlet target flowmeter
water in Condensate out
F3
F1 5
purge device
4
Automatic
Cooler
Oil
trap
F2 F6
High-temp heat exchanger
F1 Main purge valve
Solution
Vacuum
pump
F4 Refrigerant
pump
F5 F2 Ultimate vacuum purge valve
pump F3 Absorber purge changeover valve
F4 Refrigerant water sampling valve
Concentrated F5 Solution sampling valve
solution Chilled water Cooling water
F6 Refrigerant water regereration valve
Intermediate Refrigerant water Steam
solution
Diluted solution Refrigerant vapor Condensate
Fig.2-1 Working principle
2. Cooling cycle
The working principle of a steam-fired double-effect LiBr absorption chiller is shown as
Figure 2-1. The diluted solution from the absorber, pumped by the solution pump, passes the
low-temperature heat exchanger (LTHE), condensed water heat exchanger (CWHE) and

high-temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) and enters the high-temperature generator (HTG),
where it is boiled by the working steam flowing in the tubes to generate high-pressure,
high-temperature refrigerant vapor. The diluted solution turns into the intermediate solution.
The intermediate solution flows via HTHE into the low-temperature generator (LTG),
where it is heated by the refrigerant vapor from HTG to generate refrigerant vapor. The
intermediate solution becomes the concentrated solution.
The high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant from HTG, after heating the intermediate
solution in LTG, condenses into refrigerant water. The refrigerant water then, together with the
refrigerant vapor from LTG, enters the condenser, where the mixture is cooled by the cooling
water and turns into refrigerant water.
The refrigerant water generated in the condenser passes through a U-pipe and enters the
evaporator. Part of the refrigerant water vaporizes due to the very low pressure in the
evaporator, while the majority of it is pumped by the refrigerant pump and sprayed on the
evaporator tube bundle. The refrigerant water sprayed on the tube bundle then absorbs the heat
from the water flowing in the tube bundle and vaporizes.
The concentrated solution from LTG flows via LTHE into the absorber and is sprayed on
the tube bundle. After being cooled by the water flowing in the tube bundle, the concentrated
solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and becomes diluted solution. In this
way, the concentrated solution continuously absorbs the refrigerant vapor generated in the
evaporator, keeping the evaporation process continuing. In the meantime, the diluted solution is
transmitted by the solution pump to HTG, where it is boiled and concentrated again. Thus a
cooling cycle is completed and the cycle repeats.

Part 3 Main Parts and Their Functions
The steam-fired double-effect LiBr absorption chiller mainly consists of the

high-temperature generator (HTG) (not available for single-effect models), low-temperature
generator (LTG), condenser, evaporator, absorber, high-temperature heat exchanger (HTHE)
(not available for single-effect models), low-temperature heat exchanger (LTHE), condensed
water heat exchanger (CWHE)automatic purge device, vacuum pump, solution pump,
refrigerant pump, electric valve, electric control cabinet, etc.
Table 3-1
S/N Part Name Function
Boils the solution with the working steam to generate the primary refrigerant
vapour which will enter LTG and concentrates the solution into the
1 HTG intermediate solution which will flow to HTHE.
Working condition: absolute pressure700mmHg
solution temperature155C
Utilizes the primary refrigerant vapour to concentrate the intermediate

solution into concentrated solution. The primary refrigerant vapour changes
into refrigerant water and the secondary refrigerant vapour is created.
For a single-effect model, LTG evaporates the solution with the working
2 LTG
steam to generate the refrigerant vapour, and the solution becomes
concentrated solution.
solution temperature90C
Condenses the refrigerant vapour from LTG into refrigerant water and cools
down the primary refrigerant water from HTG, with the heat generated taken
3 Condenser
away by the cooling water.
Working condition: absolute pressure55mmHg.
Evaporates the refrigerant water to cool down the chilled water.

4 Evaporator
Uses the concentrated solution to absorb the refrigerant vapour from the
5 Absorber
evaporator, with the heat being taken away by the cooling water.
Recovers heat from the intermediated solution in HTG, improving the

6 HTHE
thermodynamic coefficient of the chiller.

Recovers heat from the concentrated solution in LTG, improving the
7 LTHE
thermodynamic coefficient of the chiller.
Recovers heat from the condensate of the working steam in HTG, improving
8 CWHE the thermodynamic coefficient and lowering the steam consumption of the
chiller.
Automatic They constitute the purge system which removes the non-condensable gas in
9
purge device the chiller, guaranteeing the performance and extending the service life of the
10 Vacuum pump chiller.
Refrigerant Circulates the refrigerant water, making it dispersed evenly on the heat
11
pump transfer tube bundle in the evaporator.
12 Solution pump Circulates the solution.
Electric valve Regulates the input of working steam or cuts off the working steam
13
set
Electric control Accommodates components of the control system.
14
cabinet

Part 4 Properties of LiBr Solution
1. General properties
Lithium bromide (LiBr) is similar to sodium chloride (NaCl) in property. As a stable
substance, it is nonperishable, non-decomposable and nonvolatile in the atmosphere. Its
solution is a clear, transparent, and nontoxic liquid, which has a bitter taste and can cause slight
itching on the skin. LiBr solution becomes slight yellow after lithium chromate (Li2CrO3) is
added in, and remains clear with lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4). Avoid touching it directly with
skin, splashing it into eyes and tasting it.
The quality of the LiBr solution decides the chiller performance to a large extent.
Therefore, strict measures must be taken to control its quality, which should meet the following
standards:
Concentration: 500.5%
Alkalinity: pH 9.0~10.5
Li2CrO3 content: 0.10.3% ( Li2MoO4 content: 0.012~0.018%)
Maximum content of impurities:
ChlorideCl-: 0.05%
SulphateSO4-: 0.02%
BromateBO4-: non-reaction
AmmoniaNH3: 0.0001%
BariumBa: 0.001%
CalciumCa: 0.001%
MagnesiumMg: 0.001%
2. Solubility
The concentration of the saturated LiBr solution is about 60% at normal temperature. At a
given concentration, crystals separate out from the solution when the temperature drops. And at
a given temperature, crystals separate out when the concentration rises. Crystallization must
be avoided during the chillers operation and shutdown period. See Appendix 3 for the
solubility curve of LiBr solution.
3. Specific gravity
The specific gravity of LiBr solution is greater than that of water and is a function of the
concentration and temperature of the solution itself. So once the specific gravity and
6

temperature of the solution is measured, the concentration can be obtained.
4. Causticity
Though LiBr solution has little caustic effect on common metals under vacuum condition,
it causes severe corrosion with presence of an extremely little amount of oxygen within the
chiller. Therefore, preventing air leaking into the chiller is the fundamental measures for
anti-corrosion. Adding proper amount of Li2CrO3(Li2MoO4) in the LiBr solution and keeping
pH value at 9.0~10.5 also effectively reduces its caustic effect on metals.

Part 5 Control System and Protections
1. Components of control system

The control system of the chiller is composed of the PLC, touch screen, inverter,
temperature acquisition module, analog output module, liquid level controller, AC contactor,
thermal relay, intermediate relay, etc. Its peripheral input sensors include target flow switch,
liquid level electrode, platinum resistor, pressure switch, etc.
2. Functions of control system
S/N Function Description
Touch screen Easy and reliable touch operation compared to mechanical

1
operation contacts.
Customers can change the parameter settings, correct the

Human-machine measured values of parameters, learn how to operate and
2
dialogue maintain the chiller and have access to the memory through the
human-machine interface.
Time can be displayed on the screen, including the year, month,
3 Clock display
date, hour, minute, second and weekday.
The chiller can be automatically started or stopped at the
4 Auto start/stop
customer set time.
Information about the chiller operating status, parameter setting,

5 Information display
correction, etc. is displayed in different pages on the screen.
Real-time test and Parameters such as temperature, flow and liquid level are
6 display monitored and displayed in real-time mode.
Three-level password protection system (power-on password,
7 Password protection parameter correction password and parameter setting password)
prevents unauthorized operations.
When the load varies, the steam input and circulating solution
8 Auto load-adjusting amount are automatically controled, making the chiller operating
at the best status.

The solution pump is controlled by an inverter, ensuring
Solution pump
9 optimum circulating amount of the solution and optimum liquid
inverter control
level in HTG.
The chilled water pump, cooling water pump and cooling tower
Interlock control fan are automatically started or stopped according to the
10
system operating condition, thus realizing automatic control throughout
the air conditioning system.
Once a fault occurs in the water system or the chiller itself, the
Fault protection and
11 alarm degree of the fault is automatically identified, an alarm is given
and corresponding protective measures are taken.
Faults are automatically diagnosed. Their location, cause and

12 Self-diagnosis
remedy are suggested.
Information about faults, such as occurring time and type, is

13 Fault record
stored automatically.
Remote control Control and monitoring of the chiller can be conducted from a
14 (extended function) remote place and or via a DCS/PLC system.
Various data can be transmitted via the telephone network. Our

Telephone
company can learn about the operation status of customers units
15 networking
(extended function) at any place by telephone, thus achieving active after-sale
service.
Building interface Reserved interface, used for linking with the building control
16 (extended function) center.

3. Operation sequence of the AI (artificial intelligence) system
Close air switch K1
Close air switch K2
Input power-on password
Function selection menu
Chiller function selection Operation mode selection Auxiliary function selection
Control parameter correction
Operation record retrieval

Control parameter setting
Fault management
Timed operation
System function
Remote control
Manual run
Auto run
Cooling
Cooling + auto run

Auto run (cooling)
Cooling + manual run
Manual run (cooling)
Cooling + timed operation
Timed operation (cooling)
Cooling + remote control
Remote control (cooling)
10

4. Safety protection functions
Power supply phase loss or phase reversed

Chiller stops, with alarm
Solution pump or inverter fault
Long-time low liquid level fault in HTG
High-pressure fault in HTG

If faults occur during
auto/manual run, the chiller
Low-temp fault of chilled water switches to dilution
operation, with alarm
Stop of chilled water supply
Chilled water flow sensor fault

Stop of cooling water supply
Cooling water flow sensor fault
Refrigerant pump fault
False liquid level fault in HTG
High-temp fault in HTG
Evaporation low-temp fault
Cooling water high-temp fault

If faults occur during auto
Cooling water low-temp fault run, the chiller switches to
dilution operation. If faults
De-crystallizing tube high-temp fault occur during manual run,
these functions dont affect
the control of the chiller. In
Chilled water inlet-outlet temp difference both cases, alarm is given
overlarge fault
Chilled water inlet temp sensor fault
Chilled water outlet temp sensor fault

Evaporating temp sensor fault
Cooling water temp sensor fault
HTG temp sensor fault
De-crystallizing tube temp sensor fault

This function doesnt affect
Vacuum pump fault the control of the chiller.
Note: A single-effect absorption chiller doesnt have the long-time low liquid level fault in
HTG, high-pressure fault in HTG and false liquid level fault in HTG.
11

5. Main parameter settings
AI system is an intelligent control system, which collects the real-time operating data about
the customer system and the chiller itself and adjusts the steam input and the circulating
amount of the solution based on the data. The default settings of the parameters listed below
may be reset by users as required.
Table 5-1
S/N Parameter name Default setting Setting range
1 Cooling water outlet temp 7C 620C
Temp difference between cooling water

2 5C 510C
inlet and outlet temp
160C (98C for 145~160C (90~101C for

3 HTG temp(cooling)
singe-effect models) singe-effect models)
4 Pressure of pressure controller 0.02MPa Change prohibited
40 50Hz (non-settable for

5 Inverter highest operating frequency 50Hz
certain models)
6 Power-on password 1 09999
7 Parameter setting password **** 09999
8 Parameter correction password **** 09999
Parameter setting procedure

Input the power-on password and parameter setting password, enter the parameter
setting menu and set the parameter.
For safe operation purpose, parameters should be set by professional technicians!
6. Grounding requirement
To ensure safe and reliable operation of the chiller, the chiller is required to have a special
ground pole with the grounding resistance not greater than 10. The grounding terminals of
the chillers electrical devices should be securely connected to this pole. Without a special
ground pole (or a neutral line), the chiller may be damaged and people be injured.
12

Part 6 Installation of system
1. Machine room
Try to select a machine room which is close to the steam source and to where the
chilled water is used.
The machine room should have enough brightness and good ventilation with the
relative humidity less than 85%. In case the chiller is installed outside the room, the
electrical devices and measuring instruments should be protected from moisture, rain,
sunshine, etc.
Sufficient space should be reserved around the chiller for maintenance: 1m in the
lengthwise direction, 0.2m above the chiller, 1.2m on the control cabinet side and
0.5m on other sides. And on either end of the chiller, a tube-drawing apace, not less
than the distance between the two tube sheets, should be kept so that the heat transfer
tubes can be drawn out.
The machine room should be equipped with necessary devices like electric outlets and
water taps. And there should be drains around the chiller.
2. Placement of chiller
Since the LiBr absorption chiller runs stably

with slight vibration, its foundation may be
designed according to its static load (i.e. operating
weight)
After putting the chiller in place, calibrate the
Water-filled plastic pipe
chiller horizontally with the help of the 4 basic

Basic holes

holes in the two tube sheets. The error of the level

degree should not be greater than 0.002. The level
degree can be regulated through the cushion block
located between the foundation and the support of

the chiller and can be measured with a gradient or a
transparent plastic connecting pipe.
13

3. Piping
Flexible connectors and manometers should be mounted at the inlets/outlets of the chilled
water and cooling water. If the dryness of the working steam is less than 0.90, a steam-water
separator should be mounted. At the inlets of chilled and cooling water there should be
strainers with 3-6mm meshes, or the cooling capacity may decrease and frozen tubes may
occur. And at the inlet of the working steam, there should be a strainer with 60-80 meshes,
otherwise failure in the electric valve may occur.
The steam piping is suggested as below:
Cut-off HTG end

valve enclosure
Pipe
Strainer Strainer reducer
(80-100 meshes) (80-100 meshes)
Steam
Cut-off Pressure Cut-off Electric

valve reducing valve valve
valve
Steam piping diagram(for reference)
In certain cases the steam supply cannot be cut off suddenly, for it may affect the
production process or the system. In such cases, replace the motorized two-way valve with a
three-way valve (as shown below).
HTG end
Cut-off
enclosure
valve
Strainer
Pipe
Strainer (80-100
reducer
Steam (80-100 meshes) meshes)
Cut-off Pressure Cut-off

valve reducing valve Electric
valve valve
to cooling equipment
when the chiller stops
3-way steam valve piping diagram(for reference)
4. Steam condensate piping

The pressure of the steam condensate usually stands at 0.05MPa. If the condensate cannot
return to the boiler room by itself, install a condensate tank at the condensate exit and then
14

pump the condensate to the boiler room. The condensate tank should be lower than lowest
place of HTG. The weight of all external pipes connected to the chiller must be carried by
the chiller!
15

Part 7 Preparation and Operation
1. Preparation for initial start
Preparation of instruments and tools:

Hand tools
Absolute pressure gauge
Digital multi-meter
Liquid-charging flexible pipe: diameter 1 inch25mmlength 6m.
Densi-meter and mercury thermometer
Check of jobsite piping
Check the chilled/cooling water pipes according to the Piping system diagram
Check if the inlets/outlets of the water system, water pumps and cooling tower are
misconnected;
Check if there is a discharge valve on each pipeline;
Check if there is leakage at flanged connections;
Make sure the chilled/cooling water flow rate meets the operation requirement and
check the pressure borne by the chiller water system;
A hand-operated cut-off valve and pressure reducing valve should be installed on the
steam pipe;
Check if a drain valve has been installed at the lowest site of both the steam pipe and
the steam condensate pipe.
Check of purge system
Check if the vacuum pump oil brand number is correct;
Check if the vacuum pump oil has been emulsified and the oil level is in the middle of
the sight glass;
Check the ultimate vacuum of the vacuum pump: close the main purge valve F1, start
the vacuum pump and pump the oil trap only. Connect a McLeod vacuum gauge to the
ultimate vacuum purge valve F2, start the vacuum pump and let it run for 3-5 minutes.
If the reading on the McLeod vacuum gauge is consistent with the ultimate vacuum of
the pump, that indicates the vacuum pump is excellent in performance.
Check of wiring
All system equipment is required to be checked.
Check if the wiring complies with the Wiring diagram and meets the requirement.
Check if the power supply for the cooling tower fan/chilled water pump/cooling water
pump is correctly connected.
16

Check if the voltage and frequency of the power supply match the motor nameplate
parameters and meet the requirements of the control system.
Check the permitted overload capacity and fuse size of each motor.
Check if all electrical devices have been earthed as required.
During operation, check if all motors lubrication, power supply and rotation direction
are normal.
Do not start the solution pump or refrigerant pump before the LiBr solution is fully
charged into the chiller. Otherwise, the pump will be seriously damaged.
Charging of LiBr solution

The LiBr solution is generally a 50% mixed solution, in which 0.2% lithium chromate (or
0.015% lithium molybdate) has been added as a corrosion inhibitor. The pH value of the
solution has been adjusted within the range of 9~10.5. It is recommended to recheck the
solution and take a sample and reserve the sample prior to the charging.
Charging principle
The solution is sucked into the absorber by the high vacuum in the chiller sucks via the
sampling valve (F5) located at the solution pump outlet.
Attention points
a) Do not start the solution pump while charging the solution.
b) Do not charge the solution directly from a small container into the chiller. That may
bring air into the chiller.
Flexible pipe Sampling
valve
c) When the charging begins, start the vacuum pump to

remove non-condensable gases out of the chiller.
Charging method Solution

container
Prepare a solution container (made of corrosion
resistant material), pour the solution in it(if solution is turbid
or dirty, filter it first), and connect as the figure on the right.
Fill the flexible pipe with solution to keep air out. Connect
one end of the pipe with the sampling valve, and dip the other end in the container. Notice:
keep the flexible pipe filled with water to prevent air entering; and the end dipped in the
container should be at least 30mm away from the bottom of the container lest the deposits and
impurities flow into the chiller with the solution.
Charging amount
Refer to the nominal parameter table for the charging amount of the solution. Whether
17

the amount is appropriate can be judged by observing if it meets the circulating requirement of
the chiller under the standard operation condition.
2. Operation of the chiller

Manual run screen
Manual run procedure

a) Start the chilled water pump and open its discharge valve, and regulate the flow rate to
the rated valve;
b) Start the cooling water pump and open its discharge valve, and regulate the flow rate to
the rated value;
c) Open the hand-operated steam valve and condensate drain valve, drain the condensate
water in the steam supply pipe, and regulated the steam pressure to the rated value.
d) Turn on the power switch in the control cabinet. The start-up menu is displayed on the
touch screen. Press Power-on password key, input the pre-set power-on password,
press Confirmation and then enter the Manual run menu following the prompts on
the screen;
e) Press Chilled water pump, Cooling water pump, Solution pump and Refrigerant
18

pump keys(highlighted after pressed) in sequence. Start the electric valve slowly. The
chiller enters normal operation. When the screen indicates that the cooling water inlet
temperature is equal to or greater than 30, start the cooling tower.
f) Stop procedure: Close all valves first. The chiller starts the dilution operation. Wait until
the temperature of the solution at the HTG exit drops below 80, stop the Solution
pump, Refrigerant pump, Cooling water pump and Chilled water pump in
sequence. Press Back key in the upper right corner of the screen returning to the
start-up menu, then switch off the control power supply.
Function of other touch keys

Vacuum pumpUsed to start the vacuum pump
Alarm silenceUsed to eliminate the fault warning sound temporarily
Solution pump frequencyUsed to display the frequency of the current voltage
HTG levelUsed to display the HTG liquid level, which can be regulated by changing
the frequency of the inverter
Right part of screen: Used to display main operating parameters
Manual run of the chiller is only for commissioning and must be performed by
professional personnel!
To prevent the heat transfer tubes in the evaporator from being frozen due to stop of
cooling water flow, observe the following items:
Confirm that the target flow switch works normally before starting the chiller.
When starting the chiller, start the chilled water pump (and confirm it has run)
first and then the cooling water pump.
After dilution and shutdown, stop the cooling water pump first and then the
chilled water pump.
19

Auto run screen
Auto run procedure

a) Enter the function selection menu and select Auto run.
b) Press the Auto start key. The chilled water pump, cooling water pump, solution pump,
electric valve and refrigerant pump are started in sequence. If any fault occurs, the
chiller begins dilution operation and gives an alarm and the screen automatically
switches to the fault management menu, which provides information about the fault and
its treatment.
c) Stop procedure: Press the Auto stop key and the chiller begins the dilution operation.
Once the HTG temperature drops to the pre-set value, the chiller stops automatically.
Then stop the cooling water pump, and two minutes later stop the chilled water pump
and turn off the power supply to the chillerwhen the chilled water pump and cooling
water pump are not interlocked with the chiller.
Note: Solution pump, Refrigerant pump, Electric valve, Chilled water pump, Cooling
water pump, and Cooling tower are used only for display. They cannot be operated.
20

The frequency of the solution pump has been set in the factory, no people other than
professional technicians is permitted to modify it!
Close the steam cut-off valve first after the chiller is stopped (whether automatically
or manually), otherwise hazardous faults such as crystallization in HTG or high pressure
may occur.
5. Purging
In cooling cycle
Ejector

In cooling operation, purge valves 1 and 2 are closed.
When the liquid level in the gas tank falls below the
sight glass or the control cabinet operation panel requires,
Solution in

the vacuum pump should be started for purging. Purging
steps are:
1) Start the vacuum pump and keep it running for about Oil

Gas takn
trap

half a minute; Purge
valve
2 2
2) Open valve 1 and pump for at least three minutes; Purge
valve1 1
3) Open valve 2 and keep pumping until the cooling
effect recovers; Sight glass

4) Close valve 1 first and then valve 2;

Vacuum
5) Let the vacuum pump run for another half an hour,
pump

and then stop it.
Attention: If valve 2 is not closed, non-condensable gases in the gas tank will return to
the inside of the chiller through it.
In shutdown period
During a long period of shutdown, the purging should be performed once every month,
each time for about one hour. The method is: start the vacuum pump and open valves 1 and 2.
After purging, close valve 1 first and then stop the vacuum pump and close valve 2, otherwise
the vacuum pump oil will be pumped into the chiller and degrade the cooling performance
greatly.
T
he
chiller
must

be
kept
highly

airtight

and the
air

in
itmust
be
pumped
out
timely,

21

otherwis
e
the
life
of
the
chiller

will

be
shortened
and
the
energy

consumption
increased

dramatically

!

Replacement of diaphragms
1) The diaphragms of valves 1 and 2 must be replaced every 3 years.

2) Other valve diaphragms must be replaced every 5 years.
Maintenance of the vacuum pump
1) If a water layer emerges at the bottom of the vacuum pump oil, drain it out slowly.
During the pumping of the vacuum pump, the gas ballast valve on it should be left
open so that the water vapor can be removed out of the pump.
2) If the vacuum pump oil is emulsified and turns white, replace it.
Secondary seal for the vacuum valve

Sealing rings wear out due to the rotation of the valve shaft, which in turn will cause gas
leakage; therefore, great attention should be paid to the secondary seal.
1) Remove the oil stains, scrap iron and sealant residues on the valve cap screw thread,
valve body screw thread and O-rings with a steel brush;
2) Spray Letai detergent on them, brush again and dry them;
3) Spread a layer of Letai 567 sealant for pipe thread;
4) Tighten the valve cap with a spanner to secure the seal.
22

Part 8 Operation Record and Management
1. Operation record form
The operation record is an important document to track the operation status of the chiller.
It is usually recorded at an interval of 1 to 2 hours, which may be longer or shorter as
required.
Operation Record Form for Steam-fired Chillers

Model or S/N Date Recorder
Recording items Time
Unit
Evaporator Chilled water

inlet temp
Chilled water

outlet temp
Evaporation

temp
Chilled water MPa
inlet pressure
Chilled water MPa
outlet pressure
Chilled water m3/h
flowrate
HTG Steam Kg/h
consumption
Steam temp

Steam pressure kPa
Solution temp at

HTG outlet
Condensate

discharge temp
HTHE Intermediate

solution outlet
temp
Diluted solution

outlet temp
LTHE Diluted solution

inlet temp
Concentrated

solution inlet
temp
23

Concentrated

solution outlet
temp
Absorber Cooling water

inlet temp
Cooling water

outlet temp
Cooling water MPa
inlet pressure
Cooling water m3/h
flowrate
Condenser Cooling water

outlet temp
Cooling water MPa
outlet pressure
Note
2. Operation management
Management of solution
In the initial stage of the operation of the chiller, the content of lithium chromate (or
lithium molybdate) in the solution would decrease due to the generation of the protective film.
And if there is rust or air in the chiller, even an extremely little amount, will lead to chemical
reactions, which in turn will raise the pH value of the solution and even accelerate corrosion of
the chiller. Therefore, the solution should be sampled to check the content of lithium chromate
(or lithium molybdate), iron ion, copper ion, chlorine ion, etc. as well as the pH value of the
solution after the chiller has run for a period of time.
If the content of lithium chromate (or lithium molybdate) drops below 0.1% (or 0.012%),
add some more in time. And the pH value should be kept between 9.0 and 10.5. If its too high,
adjust it with hydro bromic acid (HBr); if its too low, adjust it with lithium hydroxide ( LiOH).
Management of refrigerant water

If the specific weight of the refrigerant water is greater than 1.0 during the running of the
chiler, which means the refrigerant water contains lithium bromide. This is also called
Polluted refrigerant water, which will lower the cooling capacity. The refrigerant water is
usually regarded normal when its specific weight is less than 1.02, otherwise it must be
regenerated and the cause of the pollution be analyzed to prevent its recurrence.
24

Regeneration of the refrigerant water is as follows:
1) Start the refrigerant pump and open the regeneration valve F3, pumping the
refrigerant water in the evaporator into the absorber via a by-pass.
2) Close F3 and stop the refrigerant pump;
3) When the solution has been concentrated and the refrigerant water has condensed on
the evaporator to a certain amount, restart the refrigerant pump.
Replenishment of octanol
Octanol is insoluble in the solution. After the chiller has run for some time, part of octanol
will float on the surface of the refrigerant water and the solution. And since octanol is a volatile
substance, the running of the vacuum pump will bring some octanol out of the chiller, thus
reducing its circulating amount and affecting the chillers performance. Therefore, octanol
should be replenished as required.
The method for charging octanol is similar to that for the solution. Remember to start the
vacuum pump after the charging to remove the air that might leak into the chiller during the
charging.
Management of water quality

The performance and life span of the chiller depend largely upon the quality of the cooling
water. Water of poor quality is easy to scale on the wall of heat transfer tubes, reducing the
cooling capacity.
The water used in the LiBr absorption chiller should comply with the requirements shown
in Table 8-1. If the water is too hard, soften it before using it.
25

Table 8-1 Water quality standard
Quality of cooling water Quality
Tendency standard for
Item Unit Standard
recharged
value Corrosion Scaling
water
PH25 6.58.0 + + 6.58.0
Conductivity(25 microhm/cm <800 + <200
Cl- mg/L <200 + <50
SO4- mg/L <200 + <50
Total Fe mg/L <1.0 + + <0.3
Acid mg/L(CaCO3)
<100 + <50
consumption
Total hardness mg/L(CaCO3) <200 + <50
S- mg/L Undetectable + Undetectable
-
NH4 mg/L <1.0 + Undetectable
SiO2 mg/L <50 + <30
Management of vacuum pump
Before starting the vacuum pump, check its oil level, which should be above the red
oil line.
During pumping, open the gas ballast valve so that to discharge water vapor and
reduce its condensation in the vacuum pump, thus minimizing the emulsification of
the vacuum pump oil and improving the pumping performance.
After each pumping, let the vacuum pump running for 30 minutes without load in
order to expel the water contained in the vacuum pump oil, ensuring the life span of
the vacuum pump.
Check the status of the vacuum pump oil regularly. If a water layer emerges under
the oil, open the oil drain valve and discharge the water slowly. The drained mixture
of water and oil, after deposition, separates into two layers.
If the vacuum pump oil is emulsified and turns white, replace it with fresh oil.
Vacuum pump oil belongs to consumption products; prepare sufficient amount (no
less than 4kg) for spare use.
26

Part 9 Troubleshooting
1. Crystallization
During cooling cycle, when crystallization occurs in the concentrated solution in LTHE or
pipes, the temperature of the automatic de-crystallizing tube will rise and an alarm will be
given, while the temperature of the concentrated solution pipe leading to the absorber fall
dramatically.
Remedy
Stop the cooling water pump and chilled water pump, and close the steam cut-off
valve to 40%. Now the high-temperature concentrated solution coming out of LTG
flows directly into the absorber via the de-crystallizing tube and heats the diluted
solution in the absorber. The heated diluted solution then enters LTHE, heats the
concentrated solution there and melts the crystals.
For crystals in pipes, melt them by heating them directly with steam,
high-temperature water or flames.
2. Refrigerant water pollution

In cooling operation, the phenomenon of LiBr solution mixing into the refrigerant water is
referred to as refrigerant water pollution.
Severe pollution will result in a great drop in chiller performance or even operation failure.
The refrigerant water should be regenerated if its density exceeds 1.02.
Regenerating method
With the refrigerant pump running, open the refrigerant water by-pass valve,
diverting the polluted refrigerant water in the evaporator to the absorber.
Causes of refrigerant water pollution
Circulating solution amount is too large and the liquid level in the generator is too
high.
At the beginning of the chiller operation, the pressure of the solution vapor rises too
fast, causing the solution in the generator to boil too violently and enter the
condenser.
The cooling water temperature is too low.
27

3. Common faults and remedies (see Table 9-1)
Table 9-1
S/N Faults Possible causes Remedies
aNo power is connected to the aCheck the main power supply and
Chiller cant control cabinet control switch
1
be started bFuse in the control cabinet bCheck the grounding wiring or short
blows circuits, and replace the fuse
a Poor sealing causes air a Start the vacuum pump to pump air
leakage into the chiller out and eliminate the leakage
b Refrigerant water is b Examine the density of refrigerant
polluted water. If it is over 1.02, regenerate it
c Circulating amount of the c Increase the frequency of the
diluted solution is too small inverter
Cooling d Vacuum pump is poor in d Test the vacuum pumps
capacity lower pumping performance performance and repair the fault
2
than the set e Spraying device is blocked e Clean or replace spraying device
point f Scaling or clogging of heat f Eliminate scales and impurities on
transfer tubes the inside wall of heat transfer tubes
g Cooling water temp is too g Regulate the cooling tower and
high check the cooling water system
h Cooling water flow rate is h Raise the cooling water flow rate
too small i Increase the vapor pressure
i Vapor pressure is too low
a External load is greater a Decrease external load
than the chillers cooling b Increase the cooling water flow rate
capacity or decrease its temp
b Cooling water flow rate is c Reset the set point of the chilled
too small or its temp is too water temp
Chilled water
high d Add octanol
3 outlet temp is
c Set point of the chilled e Start the vacuum pump to pump out
too high
water is too high non-condensable gases
d The amount of octanol
decreases
e There are non-condensable
gases in the chiller
a Circulating amount of the a Regulate the frequency of the
solution sent to HTG is too inverter
Refrigerant large and liquid level in b Decrease the amount of the cooling
4 water is HTG is too high water
polluted b Cooling water temp is too
low and cooling water
amount is too large
28

a Cooling water temp is too a Increase the cooling water temp and
low decrease its flow rate moderately
Crystallization
5 b Circulating amount of the b Increase the circulating amount of
in LTHE
solution sent to HTG is too the solution which is sent to HTG
small
a Dilution time is too short a Increase the dilution time,
b Chillers ambient temp is guaranteeing full mixture of the
Crystallization
too low solution
6 of solution
b Add refrigerant water to dilute the
after shutdown
solution, preventing it from
crystalizing
Cavitation a Insufficient solution a Add solution
7 erosion in amount b Melt crystals
solution pump b Crystallization of solution
Purge system Incorrect operation of purge Check if the valves are correctly opened
8 runs valves or closed, or tightened.
abnormally
Check to see if valves or instruments
Vacuum degree
9 Leakage connected directly to atmosphere are
drops
loose, or valve diaphragms become aged
4. Treatment for action of safety devices

During operating, the chiller will stop automatically and give an alarm if any failure
occurs and the safety protection level has been reached. Remedies for the action of safety
devices are listed in Table 9-2 below.
29

Table 9-2 Remedies for action of safety devices
S/N Location of action Remedies

a Check to see if the operation of water pumps is normal.
Cooling/chilled b Check to see if pressure is normal and if air enters water system.
1 water flow switch Discharge air if air enters water system.
operates c Check to see if valves are open and open them wider.
d Check to see if filters are clogged.
Cooling/refrigerant a Check to see if external load is lower than the cooling capacity
2 water temp over adjusting range.
load alarm b Check to see if cooling water temperature is too low.
a Check the airtightness of the chiller, seeing if the purge system
operates normally, and if there is any leakage.
HTG pressure b Check to see if vapor pressure is too high.
3
switch operates c Check to see if the cooling water flow rate is too small.
d Check to see if scaling occurs in the absorber/condenser heat
transfer tubes.
a Check to see if the level control electrode is sensitive.
HTG low liquid
4 b Check to see if the solution pump runs normally.
level alarm
c Check to see if the liquid level is normal.
30

Part 10 Maintenance
1. Maintenance during short-term shutdown

During short-term shutdown(less than two weeks), the chiller should be maintained as
follows:
Keep a high vacuum degree in the chiller. If air enters the chiller, pump it out timely.
Track the temperature change to prevent crystallization.
During dilution before shutdown, transfer all refrigerant water in the evaporator to
the absorber via the by-pass valve, ensuring full dilution of the solution.
When doing repairs during shutdown period, such as replacing the canned pump or
valves, avoid exposing the inside of the chiller to the atmosphere for a long time. So
conduct the repair quickly, otherwise the chiller may be eroded.
2. Maintenance during long-term shutdown

Great attention should be paid to the long-term shutdown maintenance in order to ensure
the chillers high performance and long life. The maintenance work includes:
Preventing air leaking into the chiller and causing corrosion
Vacuum method: Start the vacuum pump regularly (every 15-30 days) to pump out
air which has leaked into the chiller.
Nitrogen method: Charge high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999%) into the chiller
until the pressure reaches 0.02MPa. Before charging, purge the valve and rubber
tube with the nitrogen gas to prevent air entering the chiller.
For both methods, the diaphragm valves should be sealed lest it should be opened
by accident!
Preventing crystallization
During the dilution operation prior to shutdown, transfer all refrigerant water in
the evaporator to the absorber via the by-pass valve, allowing solution coming
from different parts of the chiller to mix fully and preventing crystallization.
Cleaning heat transfer tubes and water system
Open the water chambers of the absorber, condenser and evaporator, check heat
transfer tubes, and remove residues in water chambers and heat transfer tubes.
If there is scale in the tubes, chemical methods may be used to remove it. The
81-A acidic cleaning agent produced by Shanghai No.2 Reagent Factory is
recommended. The cleaning process is as follows: make the cleaning agent into a
31

5-10% solution, heat it to 50-60 and circulate it through the transfer tubes. It
normally takes about 18 hours to eliminate 1mm-thick scale. After the cleaning,
drain the cleaning agent, charge 0.5-1% solution of trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4)
or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) into the tubes and circulate it to neutralize the
acidic solution left in the tubes.
Preventing oxygen corrosion and icing
After cleaning up heat transfer tubes and water system,
If icing is impossible, the water system should be fully charged with water to
prevent oxygen corrosion in water chambers of the absorber, condenser and
evaporator.
If icing is possible, drain heat transfer tubes and water system and dry them to
avoid frozen tubes and reduces oxygen corrosion.
Check and replace failed parts
Such as the graphite bearing of the canned pump, valve sealing rings,
diaphragms of diaphragm valves, auto-control components and spring for the
rotary vanes of the vacuum pump.
While replacing the parts of the vacuum system, avoid exposing the inside of the
chiller to the atmosphere for a long time.
All electrical equipment and instruments should be protected against moisture.
3. Treatment of LiBr solution
If LiBr solution becomes turbid and turns dark red, black or green, it must be treated.
There are two methods to treat the solution
Deposition method: put the LiBr solution in a large container, after a certain period
of time, the deposits will settle on the bottom of the container and the solution will
become clear again. Extract the upper clean solution and reuse it.
Filtering method: use a strainer made of propylene, with its meshes being 3mm in
diameter, to filter the solution. While filtering solution containing deposits, it is
recommended to filter it after it has been deposited for 1 or 2 days. Do not use a
strainer made of cotton fiber.
Then measure the content of lithium chromate (or lithium molybdate) and pH value, and
adjust them to the specified values.
4Regular check
The chiller should be checked periodically, during both operation period and shutdown
32

period, to maintain its good performance and safety running. The check items are listed in the
following table.
Table 10-1 Regular check items

Check cycle
Items Check points
daily weekly monthly yearly
a) Pollution and emulsification of oil

Vacuum pump b) Performance of vacuum pump
c) Insulation of motor
a) Operating status of the chiller. Check to see If
there is any unusual noise
b) If power supply to motor exceeds the normal
Solution pump value
& refrigerant c) Insulation of motor
pump d) Dismantlement and check of vanes; cleaning Every
about 5
of return pipes years
Every 5
e) Replacement of graphite bearing
years
a) Concentration
b) Cleanness degree
LiBr solution
c) pH value and lithium chromate(or lithium
molybdate) concentration
Refrigerant Check its pollution condition and decide whether
water to regenerate it
Heat transfer a) Corrosion of inner wall
tubes b) Scaling on inner wall
a) Change of temperature difference between
diluted solution and cooling water; change of
Sealing of
cooling effect
chiller
b) Record of pressure changes during shutdown
period
a) Sealing condition
b) Replacement of diaphragms of valves 1 and 2 Every 3
Diaphragm
years
valves and c) Replacement of diaphragms of other Every 5
solution diaphragm valves years
adjusting valves d) Replacement of the O-ring of the changeover Every 5
valve years
Pressure gauge a) Calibration of indication

and control b) Insulation of electrical devices
cabinet c) Reliability of switches for electrical devices
33

Operation Rules
(Double-effect steam-fired LiBr absorption chiller)
1. Machine room management rule

(1) The operators must observe this rule to ensure safe running of the chiller.
(2) There should be strict management regulation and shift regulation for the machine room.
(3) There should be personnel on duty in the machine room during running of the chiller.
(4) No one other than qualified persons is allowed to operate the chiller alone.
(5) No one other than the operators is allowed to enter the machine room without permission.
(6) No one other than machine room staff is allowed to open or close any valve or other
components of the chiller, otherwise accident may occur.
(7) The machine room should have excellent ventilation and the relative humidity in it should
be controlled below 75%.
(8) The power supply in the machine room should be normal with stable voltage.
(9) The machine room should have sufficient high-purity (99.999%) nitrogen gas and
common tools, materials and spare parts which are necessary for the maintenance of the
chiller and system.
2. Safe operation rule

(1) It is prohibited to change safety protection parameters. For example, the set point of the
HTG temperature (cooling) is 160.
(2) It is prohibited to adjust safety devices. For example, the set point of the pressure
controller is 0.02MPa.
(3) It is prohibited to start the chiller if there is any abnormality with safety protection
functions.
(4) It is prohibited to start the chiller if there is any abnormality with the target flow regulator
for chilled water.
(5) It is prohibited to start the chiller if there is any leakage.
(6) It is prohibited to start the cooling water pump first and then start the chilled water pump.
(7) It is prohibited to stop the chilled water pump first and then stop the cooling water pump.
When the cooling water temperature is low (25), the chilled water pump must be
stopped two to five minutes after the cooling water pump has been stopped.
(8) It is prohibited to start the chiller if the chiller is obviously vibrated by the piping system.
34

3. Chiller operation rule
Check the following items each time before starting the chiller
(1) Confirm that the valves at the chilled/cooling water inlet/outlet are open.
(2) Confirm that the safety protection parameters are properly set and select Auto
operation mode on the touch screen.
(3) Safety devices should work normally, particularly when the flow rate of chilled or
cooling water is lower than the specified value, an alarm can be given, the working
steam be cut off, and the chiller be stopped automatically.
Start sequence
(1) Start the chilled water pump first, observe its inlet-outlet pressure difference, and
confirm that the water flow rate meets the operation requirement.
(2) Start the cooling water pump.
(3) Open the by-pass valve for the vapor condensate, and close it after the condensate
water in the pipe has been drain. Then open the vapor cut-off valve.
(4) Press the Auto key.
(5) Start the cooling tower fan when the cooling water inlet temperature reaches 30 (if
the system adopts interlock control, the cooling tower fan will start automatically).
Stop sequence
(1) Press the Stop key and manually close the vapor cut-off valve.
(2) Switch off the power after the automatic dilution process ends.
(3) Stop the cooling tower fan and cooling water pump.
(4) Finally, stop the chilled water pump.
Operation monitoring
(1) Make detailed operation records which are used for the analysis of the chiller
operation condition.
(2) Monitor the liquid level in HTG and the temperature and pressure of the solution in
HTG. The liquid level mustnt be too low, and the temperature and pressure mustnt
be too high, otherwise the heat transfer tubes will be damaged.
(3) Monitor the running of the canned pump. If its shell temperature exceeds 80, stop it
immediately and troubleshoot the problem.
(4) Check to see if the working steam pressure is within the specified range.
(4) Shut off the working steam immediately in any of the following circumstances:
Loss of chilled water flow or failure in the canned pump
Serious air leakage
Liquid level rises unexpectedly or disappears
35

Accidental power failure
4. Emergency treatment rule

When any significant fault occurs during the running of the chiller, the machine room staff
must take corresponding measures as soon as possible.
Copper tubes are frozen or damaged
Symptom: Liquid level at various locations rises too greatly and the cooling effect
disappears.
Remedy:
1) Stop the chilled water pump and close the valves at the chilled water inlet and
outlet at once.
2) Turn off the main switch in the control cabinet and stop the cooling water pump.
3) Drain the water from the water chamber.
4) Charge nitrogen gas into the chiller until the pressure reaches 0.02MPa.
Discharge the solution into the solution tank for regeneration.
Sudden power-off during operation
1) Close the vapor cut-off valve at once.
2) Resume power supply and start the chiller as soon as possible lest the
concentrated solution should crystallize.
5. Maintenance rule
Maintenance should be performed strictly in accordance with the Operation
Instruction.
Maintenance should be performed by or under the direction of qualified personnel.
36

Appendix 1Saturated water vapor temperature & pressure table
Temperature Pressure Temperature Pressure
kgf/cm2 mmHg kgf/cm2 mmHg
1 0.006697 4.93 66 0.2666 196.2
2 0.007194 5.29 68 0.2912 214.3
4 0.008289 6.10 70 0.3178 233.8
6 0.009530 7.01 72 0.3463 254.7
8 0.01932 8.04 74 0.3769 277.3
10 0.0125 9.2 76 0.4098 301.5
12 0.014292 10.5 78 0.4451 327.4
14 0.01629 12 80 0.4829 355.3
16 0.018529 13.6 82 0.5234 385
18 0.021034 15.5 84 0.5667 416.9
20 0.02383 17.5 86 0.6129 450.9
22 0.026948 19.8 88 0.6623 487.2
24 0.030415 22.4 90 0.7149 525.9
26 0.034266 25.2 92 0.7425 546.2
28 0.038536 28.3 94 0.8306 611
30 0.043261 31.8 96 0.8941 657.7
32 0.04848 35.7 98 0.9616 707.3
34 0.05424 39.9 100 1.033 760
36 0.06058 44.6 102 1.087 799
38 0.06756 49.7 104 1.166 858.7
40 0.07522 55.3 106 1.250 919.6
42 0.08362 61.5 108 1.339 985.1
44 0.09281 68.3 110 1.432 1053
46 0.1028 75.7 112 1.531 1126
48 0.1138 83.7 114 1.636 1026
50 0.1258 92.5 116 1.746 1284
52 0.1388 102.1 118 1.862 1370
54 0.1530 112.5 120 1.98 1456
56 0.1683 123.9 125 2.366 1740
58 0.1850 136.1 130 2.754 2026
60 0.2031 149.4 135 3.192 2348
62 0.2227 163.8 140 3.684 2710
64 0.2438 179.4 145 4.236 3116
37

Appendix 2System diagram
Chilled water system Cooling water system Steam system

Expansion water tank
Load
Working steam in
Cooling tower
Condensate out
Pressure
reducing Check valve Steam trap Electric Cut-off Filter Flexible Thermo- Pressure
valve valve valve connector meter gauge
38

Appendix 3Solubility curve of LiBr solution
Crystallization temperature curve of

100.0 LiBr solution

(smoothed values)
LiBr
Horizontal axis: LiBr% %
Vertical axis: Crystallization temperature

75.0
50.0
25.0
0.0
-25.0
-50.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 50.0
39

Appendix 4Users water system linkage diagram

Control cabinet for Hope Deepblue steam-fired absorption
chiller
Q131 Q132 Q141 Q142 Q151 Q152
Chilled
water pump Cooling
water pump Cooling
tower fan
run command
run command
run command

Non-voltage
output
Note: : 1AC250V,5A
1. The capacity of the output relays for the linkage terminals of above
()
water pumps is AC 250V, 5A (resistance load).
2. Q131, Q132, Q141, Q142, Q151 and Q152 are code numbers for wires
in the control cabinet. Please pay attention not to misconnect them.

3. While running the unit, make sure the chilled water pump and cooling
3
water pump are in linkage control.
40

PE NN L1 L2 L3 U2 V2 W2 VP E241U4 V4 W4 NN NN A07 PE NN A03 T0A T0B T0C T1A T1B T1C T2A T2B T2C T3A T3B T3C T4A T4B T4C
JXP 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
PE NN L1 L2 L3 U2 V2 W2 VP E241U4 V4 W4 NN A07 PE NN A03 T0A T0BT0C T1AT1B T1C T2A T2B T2C T3A T3B T3C T4A T4BT4C
Power supply to Refrigerant

Refrigerant Vacuum
Solenoid
Chilled
water Chilled
water Cooling
Evaporation water
HTG temp
inlet temp outlet temp temp inlet temp
control cabinet pump pump thermal pump valve set

protection
41
A132 A142 A152
T5A T5B T5C VP E21 VP E22 VP E07 U5 V5 W5 A172THR YW1 YW2 YW3 YW4 YW5 A131 A141 A151 A11 NN A12 NN
JXP 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
A132 A142 A152
T5A T5B T5C VP E211E21 VP E22 VP E07 U5 V5 W5 A172THR YW1 YW2 YW3 YW4 YW5 A131 A141 A151 A11 NN A12 NN
Appendix 5Control cabinet I/O terminals

Decrystallizing
Chilled
Cooling HTG Solution pump Liquid level
Chilled Cooling
Cooling External

tube temp water water tower fan acoustooptic
water water high terminal electrode terminal

pump pump warning
cut-off cut-off pressure

fault
p. 41
Appendix 6Electrical principle diagram
Electrical Principle Diagram
42

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Steam-fired LiBr

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se

Part 1 Working Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 1

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se

Chilled water outlet temperature: 5

Cooling water inlet temperature: 1834

Chilled/Cooling water system pressure: 0.8MPa (except special orders)

Working steam: Saturated vapor with dryness fraction>99% and overheating

degree20C (except other vapors specified in the contract)

Power supply: 3 phase, 380V/50Hz

Machine room temperature: 5C40C

Machine room relative humidity: 85%

Machine room should be free of dust

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 1

High-temp generator intermediate

Chilled 3 Automatic decrystallizing tube temp

5 Automatic purge device liquid level

Diluted solution Refrigerant vapor Condensate

Fig.2-1 Working principle

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 2

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 3

The steam-fired double-effect LiBr absorption chiller mainly consists of the

Utilizes the primary refrigerant vapour to concentrate the intermediate

Evaporates the refrigerant water to cool down the chilled water.

Recovers heat from the intermediated solution in HTG, improving the

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 4

12 Solution pump Circulates the solution.

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 5

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 6

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 7

1. Components of control system

2. Functions of control system

S/N Function Description

Touch screen Easy and reliable touch operation compared to mechanical

Customers can change the parameter settings, correct the

Information about the chiller operating status, parameter setting,

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 8

Faults are automatically diagnosed. Their location, cause and

Information about faults, such as occurring time and type, is

Various data can be transmitted via the telephone network. Our

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 9

Close air switch K1

Close air switch K2

Input power-on password

Function selection menu

Chiller function selection Operation mode selection Auxiliary function selection

Control parameter correction

Operation record retrieval

Cooling + auto run

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 10

Power supply phase loss or phase reversed

High-pressure fault in HTG

Chilled water flow sensor fault

Evaporation low-temp fault

Cooling water high-temp fault

Chilled water inlet temp sensor fault

Chilled water outlet temp sensor fault

Cooling water temp sensor fault

HTG temp sensor fault

De-crystallizing tube temp sensor fault

Thermal Technologies Europe AB | www.thermatec.se | info@thermatec.se p. 11

1 Cooling water outlet temp 7C 620C

Temp difference between cooling water