Z-Test T-Test ANOVA Chi-Square

Problem Compare Compare mean of a Compare means of two Compare means of Compare means of Test relationship
proportion of two subgroup to the groups a subgroup to the more than two between two
groups population mean population mean groups variables

population SD known population SD

unknown

comprae Z-Table / normal distribution table T-Table F-table Chi-Square table

critical values

Level of DV = interval-ratio DV = interval-ratio DV = interval-ratio any

Measurement

directional? yes, if one-tailed yes, if one-tailed no no

(>/<)

Ho PA = PO MSUB = MPOP MA = MB MSUB = MPOP All means are equal There is no

Null Hypothesis statistically
significant
relationship
between VarA and
VarB

HA PA PB MSUB MPOP MA = MB MSUB MPOP At least one mean There is a

Alternative or or or or is different statistically
Hypothesis PA > PB MSUB > MPOP MA > MB MSUB > MPOP significant
PA < PB MSUB < MPOP MA < MB relationship
MSUB < MPOP between VarA and
VarB

Z-Test
- pop SD known/unknown
- large population (50+)
1) formulate hypothesis
2) get standard error
SE = population SE
sample size
between two samples:
SE =(group 1/size of group 1)2 +
group 2/size of group 2)2
3) get test statistic
Z = (sample statistic reference
value)
standard error
between two samples:
Z = (reference stat 1 reference
stat 2)
SE
4) compare with critical values
* MSW or w/in grp var = SSW/dfw
If the absolute value of the
obtained test statistic is higher than
the critical value, reject the null
hypothesis.
or
If the probability of getting the
obtained test statistic is lower than
the alpha/2 (for two-tailed test)
reject the null hypothesis.
HOW TO
T-Test ANOVA Chi-Square
1) formulate hypothesis
2) get relevant means
get average of elements per group
and then
add up the results (overall means)
3) measure the between-group
variance
SSB = (# of groups)(average per
element group - overall mean)2 then
add it all up all up
dfb = number of groups 1
MSB or bet grp var = SSB/dfb
4) measure w/in group variance
SSW = (elementthat groups
average)2 then add it all up
dfw = total # of elements total # of
groups
5) get test statistic
F = MSB/MSW
6) compare with critical values
use degrees of freedom to calculate