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Experiment No.3
Date Performed: May 7 2010
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY: 0
-4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Jerwina Arnejo -1
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ln Y
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ln X
INTRODUCTION:
X/ m = kC1/n
In this purely empirical equation, the units of X/ m are moles adsorbate per gram
adsorbent, C is the concentration (mol/L), and k and n are experimentally determined
constants. Since the equation is valid only for a given adsorbed phase and adsorbent at
constant temperature, it is sometimes called the Freundlich isotherms. To test the validity
of the Freundlich isotherm, take the logarithms of both sides:
• 25 mL burette
• 100 ml calibrated flask
• 9 cm filter paper
• 250 ml 0.50 M acetic acid
• About 20 g of activated charcoal (not bone charcoal)
• 6 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks
• 150 ml standard 0.10 M NaOH
PROCEDURE:
A six 2 gram (need not to be exactly 2g, it should be known to the nearest mg.) of
activated charcoal was weighed and then placed into each of the six numbered 250-ml
Erlenmeyer flasks. After which, a volume of 100 ml of acetic acid starting with a 0.500
M solution was added to the 1st Erlenmeyer flask. The concentrations of the other five
should have the following concentration values: 0.250M, 0.125 M, 0.0625M, 0.0313M
and 0.0156M. The flasks were then covered and let it stand for about an hour and are
shaken at frequent intervals.
In the first concentration (0.500 M), two 5-ml samples were titrated with 0.100 M
NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Then, in the 2nd concentration (0.250 M),
two 10-ml samples were also titrated with 0.100 M NaOH and in the third concentration
(0.125 M), two 25-ml samples were also titrated with 0.100 M NaOH. In the last three
concentrations, a 50-ml sample of each concentration was titrated with 0.100 M NaOH.
To demonstrate that this type of adsorption is reversible, the filtered charcoal that
was set aside before was punctured and washed using a wash bottle into a 100-ml
volumetric flask. It is being added by distilled water until the total volume is 100 ml. The
mixtures were allowed to stand for about 20 to 30 minutes and shaking it at frequent
intervals. After 30 mins, the charcoal was filtered off and a 50-ml of each of the mixture
was titrated with 0.100 M NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator. It should be
realized that the last experiment is only semi- quantitative since no allowance is made for
the original solution which adheres to the charcoal.
RESULTS:
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ln Y
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ln X
LEGEND:
Solid surfaces can adsorb dissolved substances from solution. When a solution of
acetic acid in water is shaken with activated carbon, part of the acid is adsorbed by the
carbon and the concentration of the solution decreases. From the table and graphs, it is
realized that K increases as the concentration of CH3COOH decreases. The plot of the
natural logarithm of the specific adsorption (ln Y) versus the natural logarithm of moles
adsorbate per gram adsorbent (ln ΔX/m) is linear. This shows that the system follows the
Freundlich adsorption isotherm. [1] And since the graph is a straight line, we can readily
obtain the values of the two constants based on the values if the slope(1/n) and its
intercept (ln k).
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES:
1. Atkins, Peter and de Paula, Julio. Atkins Physical Chemistry, 7th edition. W.H.
Freeman and Company, 2006
2. Laidler, Keith and Meisler, John. Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition. Houghton Mifflin
Company
3. Maron, Samuel and Lando, Jerome. Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. New York,
USA: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1951
4. Brown, Theodore E., Lemay, Eugene H, et al. Chemistry the General Science 9th
edition. Pearson Education, Inc., 2003