UE POMPEYA

Name: Jamilex Hurtado

Level: 3 BGU D
Date: 01.06.2017
DRUG CONSEQUENCES
People who suffer from addiction often have one or more accompanying medical issues, which may
include lung or cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and mental disorders. Imaging scans, chest X-
rays, and blood tests show the damaging effects of long-term drug abuse throughout the body. For
example, research has shown that tobacco smoke causes cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, blood,
lungs, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix.In addition, some drugs of abuse, such as
inhalants, are toxic to nerve cells and may damage or destroy them either in the brain or the
peripheral nervous system.

Drug use can have a wide range of short- and long-term, direct and indirect effects. These effects
often depend on the specific drug or drugs used, how they are taken, how much is taken, the
person's health, and other factors. Short-term effects can range from changes in appetite,
wakefulness, heart rate, blood pressure, and/or mood to heart attack, stroke, psychosis, overdose,
and even death. These health effects may occur after just one use.

Longer-term effects can include heart or lung disease, cancer, mental illness, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis,
and others. Long-term drug use can also lead to addiction. Drug addiction is a brain disorder. Not
everyone who uses drugs will become addicted, but for some, drug use can change how certain
brain circuits work. These brain changes interfere with how people experience normal pleasures in
life such as food and sex, their ability to control their stress level, their decision-making, their ability
to learn and remember, etc. These changes make it much more difficult for someone to stop taking
the drug even when its having negative effects on their life and they want to quit.

Drug use can also have indirect effects on both the people who are taking drugs and on those around
them. This can include affecting a persons nutrition; sleep; decision-making and impulsivity; and
risk for trauma, violence, injury, and communicable diseases. Drug use can also affect babies born
to women who use drugs while pregnant. Broader negative outcomes may be seen in education
level, employment, housing, relationships, and criminal justice involvement.

ALCOHOL CONSEQUENCES
Alcohol misuse not only harms the individual, but damages relationships and society in general in
terms of violence and crime, accidents and drink driving.
Long-term effects
As well as the recognised immediate effects of drinking too much, such as nausea and vomiting,
binge drinking and prolonged heavy drinking over longer periods of time can affect you in many
different ways.
Brain damage: Binge drinking can cause blackouts, memory loss and anxiety. Long-term drinking can
result in permanent brain damage, serious mental health problems and alcohol dependence or
alcoholism. For more information on the effects of alcohol on mental health click here. Young
people's brains are particularly vulnerable because the brain is still developing during their teenage
years. Alcohol can damage parts of the brain, affecting behaviour and the ability to learn and
remember.
Cancers: Drinking alcohol is the second biggest risk factor for cancers of the mouth and throat
(smoking is the biggest). People who develop cirrhosis of the liver (often caused by too much
alcohol) can develop liver cancer. For more information on the effects of alcohol on womens risk of
breast cancer click here.
Heart and circulation: Alcohol can cause high blood pressure (hypertension).
It also weakens heart muscles, which can affect the lungs, liver, brain and other body systems, and
also cause heart failure. Binge drinking and drinking heavily over longer periods can cause the heart
to beat irregularly (arrhythmia) and has been linked to cases of sudden death.
Lungs: People who drink a lot of alcohol have more lung infections, are more likely to suffer
collapsed lungs and can be more likely to get pneumonia. When a person vomits as a result of
drinking alcohol, they may choke if vomit gets sucked into their lungs.
Liver: Drinking too much alcohol initially causes fat deposits to develop in the liver. With continued
excessive drinking, the liver may become inflamed, causing alcoholic hepatitis, which can result in
liver failure and death. Excessive alcohol can permanently scar and damage the liver, resulting in
liver cirrhosis and an increased risk of liver cancer. Women are particularly susceptible to the effects
of alcohol on the liver.
Stomach: Drinking above recommended limits can lead to stomach ulcers, internal bleeding and
cancer. Alcohol can cause the stomach to become inflamed (gastritis), which can prevent food from
being absorbed and increase the risk of cancer.
Pancreas: Heavy or prolonged use of alcohol can cause inflammation of the pancreas, which can be
very painful causing vomiting, fever and weight loss and can be fatal.
Intestine: Heavy drinking may result in ulcers and cancer of the colon. It also affects your body's
ability to absorb nutrients and vitamins.
Kidneys: Heavy drinking can increase your risk of developing high blood pressure a leading cause
of chronic kidney disease.
Fertility: In men: impotence (lowered libido/sex drive) and infertility. In women: infertility.
Drinking alcohol when pregnant can seriously damage the development of the unborn baby.
Bones: Alcohol interferes with the body's ability to absorb calcium. As a result, your bones become
weak and thin (osteoporosis).
Mental health
People may think that alcohol helps them cope with difficult situations and emotions, and that it
reduces stress or relieves anxiety, but alcohol is in fact associated with a range of mental health
problems including depression, anxiety, risk-taking behaviour, personality disorders and
schizophrenia.
Alcohol has also been linked to suicide. The Mental Health Foundation reports that:
65% of suicides have been linked to excessive drinking;
70% of men who take their own life drink alcohol before doing so;
almost one third of suicides among young people take place while the person is intoxicated.
Excessive drinking can disrupt normal sleeping patterns, resulting in insomnia and a lack of restful
sleep, which can contribute to stress and anxiety.
CIGARRETE CONSEQUENCES
Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ in the body. It has been conclusively linked to cataracts
and pneumonia, and accounts for about one-third of all cancer deaths. The overall rates of death
from cancer are twice as high among smokers as nonsmokers, with heavy smokers having rates that
are four times greater than those of nonsmokers. Foremost among the cancers caused by tobacco
use is lung cancercigarette smoking has been linked to about 90 percent of all cases of lung cancer,
the number one cancer killer of both men and women. Smoking is also associated with cancers of
the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, cervix, kidney, bladder, and acute
myeloid leukemia.
In addition to cancer, smoking causes lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and
it has been found to exacerbate asthma symptoms in adults and children. About 90 percent of all
deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are attributable to cigarette smoking. It has
also been well documented that smoking substantially increases the risk of heart disease, including
stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm. Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the
leading cause of death in the United States: cigarette smokers are 24 times more likely to develop
coronary heart disease than nonsmokers.
Exposure to high doses of nicotine, such as those found in some insecticide sprays, can be extremely
toxic as well, causing vomiting, tremors, convulsions, and death. In fact, one drop of pure nicotine
can kill a person. Nicotine poisoning has been reported from accidental ingestion of insecticides by
adults and ingestion of tobacco products by children and pets. Death usually results in a few minutes
from respiratory failure caused by paralysis.
Although we often think of medical consequences that result from direct use of tobacco products,
passive or secondary smoke also increases the risk for many diseases. Environmental tobacco smoke
is a major source of indoor air contaminants; secondhand smoke is estimated to cause
approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths per year among nonsmokers and contributes to more than
35,000 deaths related to cardiovascular disease. Exposure to tobacco smoke in the home is also a
risk factor for new cases and increased severity of childhood asthma. Additionally, dropped
cigarettes are the leading cause of residential fire fatalities, leading to more than 1,000 deaths each
year.
Sticky, brown tar coats the lungs of tobacco smokers. Along with thousands of other damaging
chemicals, tar can lead to lung cancer and acute respiratory diseases.