Microsoft PowerPoint

Overview of IEC 61850
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INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH NETWORKS"
July, 2010
Maciej Goraj
maciejgoraj@rugge
dcom.com
1
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Agenda
1. Evolution of Protection and
Control Systems
2. Overview of IEC 61850
Standard
3. Key Benefits of IEC 61850
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Evolution of Protection and

Control Systems
3
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Typical Substation Diagram

Sub Sub
Transmi
ssion
Transmi
ssion Information provided to
Line No. Line No. SCADA via
1 2
communication
m channels -
IED 1 IED 2
LN 1 LN 2
Automatically:
IED 3
.
TB 1
IED 13
BUS 1
- Metering
- Alarm Status
- Breaker Status
- Commands to Operate
Breakers
- Lockout Status
Information required by
Engineering or
IED 14
BUS 2
Maintenance -
Accessed by authorized
personnel on demand:
- Protection & Control
IED 6 IED 7 IED 8 IED 9 IED 10 IED 11
FDR 1 FDR 2 FDR 3 FDR 4 FDR 5 FDR 6
Feeder Breakers
Status
Total: At least 50 multi-core - Oscillography Files
- Sequence of Event
cables from the Reports
HV equipment to the Control
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Substation Network - Past

Conventional Wiring in Electrical Substations
j

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Conventional Substation P&C System

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Conventional Substation Control Panel

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Substation Network - Present

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Present Substation P&C System
Still a lot of copper wiring !

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Substation Network - Future

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The Future - Digital Switchyard

All digital Ethernet
based
IEC 61850
Communications
in the Switchyard
Merging Units and IEDs at
direct proximity to
High Voltage equipment

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Overview of IEC 61850 Standard
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What is IEC 61850 ?
IEC 61850 is NOT just a communication

protocol
It is a suite of multiple protocols
It is an application focused communication
architecture
It is one of the key building blocks for the
Smart Grid

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IEC 61850 standard defines complete

communication
architecture in Electrical Power Systems

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IEC 61850 Key Features
Uses the strengths of the OSI 7 layer

communication model
Standardized data models for electrical
applications
Defines Data Types and Communication
Services
Models devices, functions, processes and
architectures
Describes Engineering and Configuration

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Process
Provides examples of typical applications in
electrical substations

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IEC 61850 Key Features
The data is organized in devices in a

standardized way
The devices are self-descriptive,
- either online (MMS protocol) or offline (SCL
language)
IEDs not only provide the data itself but also
the information about data types used, its
structure and complete naming.

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Parts of IEC 61850 Standard Edition I

Basic principles Part
Glossary 1
General Requirements Part
System and project 2
management Part
Communication
Substation Configuration 3
Language (SCL)
requirements Part
Basic Communication
Sampled 4
Mappin Structure
Measured Values Part
Par g to (serial)
t8 MMS Sampled 5
and Measured Values
Ethern (ethernet) Part
et Conformance 6
testing
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Data Models and Services
IEC 61850 Part 7-3 defines a base set of data types for
describing objects
IEC 61850 Part 7-4 defines a set of Objects (Logical
Nodes)
IEC 61850 Part 7-2 defines a set of Services to
manipulate and access those objects. Services
are well defined procedures on how information is
exchanged.

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Application Modelling According to IEC 61850

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IEC 61850 is Application Oriented

DNP3.0, IEC-60870-5, Modbus, etc. are industrial generic
use protocols and are not application oriented
In generic industrial protocols we talk about points or

addresses without knowledge what data is behind it
IEC 61850 is an application oriented architecture, it

introduces meaningful semantics
IEC 61850 defines application specific data like PTOC
(Protection Time Overcurrent) logical node or
XCBR (Circuit Breaker) logical node, etc.
Example of semantic: Position of the breaker XCBR1$ST$Pos$stVal

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Data Mapping Examples

Position of breaker at 345kV feeder
#1:
- Modbus: register 0x1 C1
A, bit 3
- DNP 3.0: object 1.1, point #26
- IEC 61850: XCBR1$ST$Pos$stVal
Operate the circuit breaker at 345kV
feeder #1:
- Modbus: register 0x251A, bits 0, 1
- IEC 61850: XCBR1$CO$Pos
Phase A voltage for the 345kV feeder
#1:
- Modbus: register 0xB5C7, 4 bytes
- IEC 61850:
MMXU1$MX$PhV$phsA$instCVal
Line frequency for the 345kV feeder

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#1:
- Modbus: register 0xCC02, 4 bytes
- IEC 61850: MMXU1$MX$Hz$nstMag

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IEC 61850 Data Mapping Models Application

Position of breaker -
XCBR1$ST$Pos$stVal
Control of circuit breaker -

XCBR1$CO$Pos
Sum of Switched Amperes -

XCBR1$MX$SumSwARs XCBR:
Logical Node Circuit
Breaker
A group of data describing

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the Breaker
Data is grouped based on functionality
IEC 61850 models the application

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Logical Node
Standardizes which elements of specific
functions related to power system should be
contained in substation devices
A Logical Node is an abstract model of a real
device or function
A Logical Node is a collection of data that is
grouped taking into account its functionality
V UHU
1
Logical Nodes
IHHU1 MMKU2
Logical Device is.g R^lLll

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Physical Device MMXU2

Feeder #1 Current
(network address)
$MK$A
Measurements

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Communication Services in IEC 61850
GetDataValues/SetDataValue
s
Unbuffered Reports
Buffered Reports
Control Operations
Logging
Time Synchronization
File Transfer
Substitution
GOOSE
Sampled Values

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SCL - Substation Configuration Language

Description language for communication in
electrical substations
Defined in IEC 61850-6
Based on XML language
Defines common file format and allows formal
description of:
- Substation automation system and the switchyard and the
relation between them
- Communications parameters
- IED configuration
Makes an efficient engineering process of a
substation
Eases the integration process of devices from
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multiple vendors

Engineering process using SCL
ICD
Files
ICD- from SSD-
Files
V
other
vendor
File
I System Specification
Tool
specifies single-line
diagram,
IED make bindings of IEC
Configuration 61850
Tools generate Logical Nodes to
ICD files physical lEDs.
System Configuration
Tool
configures
communication network
parameters, configure
GOOSEs and
Reports.
Station Station Controller
Controller Configuration Tool parses IE
ICD files or SCD Ds
CID File
IED Configuration or
Tools import SCD file parame-
and extract from it
info relevant to its
IED
ter file
PP
t
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IEC 61850 Architecture

Future use of IEC
Level 3 - 61850:
Dispatch Center Substation-to-Subs
tation
Corporate Substation-to-Disp
WAN atch Center
Rou Synchrophasors
ter over 61850
Level 2 - 61850
Substation Station Bus
SAS
Client-Server,
GOOSE
Level 0 - 61850
Switchyard Process Bus
Intelligent ^Sampled Values,
Sensors, I/Os
GOOSE

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Station Bus and Process Bus

Station bus
- Communication between lEDs and master
stations
- Data polled by Master from lEDs or
asynchronously sent by lEDs
- Inter IED data exchange through multi-cast
GOOSE messages
Process bus
Communication between plant equipment
(intelligent switchgear, Instrument
transformers) and lEDs
Exchange of sampled values

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(digitized measurements)

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Communication Schemes in IEC 61850

Client-Server communication
- Information exchange like fault record, event record,
measurement values, etc.
- Data size much greater, can run into kB or MB
- Uses the full services of the OSI model (MMS over TCP),
reliable data transfer
- Not time critical data
GOOSE messages
- Time critical data eg. trip, block, interlock, etc.
- Initiation of data transfer only on occurrence of the event.
- Compensated by multicasting (repeated transmission)
Sampled Values
- Time critical data - sampled values of current /
voltage signals from nonconventional instrument
transformers or lEDs

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- Continuous stream
of data, rate determined by the
sampling frequency of the data
- Data size depends on the resolution of the sample
- Not reliable data transfer (like Goose messages)
GOOSE Usage for Interlocking & Tripping

GOOSE messages Conventional
Hardwired
IEDs interconnected via interconnections
Ethernet network

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IEC 61850 GOOSE

Device to multi-device communication
Layer 2 Multicast message
Fast transmission of substation events, blocking,
permissive signals, etc.
Also transmission of analog values (voltage,
frequency, etc.)
Limited to LAN segment, for transmitting over
router tunneling is needed
Event driven transmission sent on change of state
Periodic heartbeat messages to enable detection

of device or link failure
Reliability effected through message
retransmission scheme
Uses VLAN ID and priority tagging

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GOOSE Example - False Bus Differential
VT
Substation without dedicated
Distance
Busbar protection
Protection
CT 3. Transformer relay receives

HV the message that feeder
had seen the fault. It is a
Block message
preventing tripping the
CT
Trafo
whole busbar.
Prot
2. Feeder IED sees the fault
M
CT ______ and
V immediately sends a
GOOSE message
1. A fault
occurs

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Process Bus Overview

IEC 61850-9-2
Digitization of CTs/PTs and connection of Intelligent
Switchgear
Merging Units - electronic interfaces to measured
values from switchyard
Defines communications service mapping of Sampled
Values
SV messages encapsulated in Ethernet and sent via
Layer 2 Multicast
Does not define types of data and number of elements
in SV message
The streams of sampled values generated by Merging
Units must be synchronized in time
The required time synchronization accuracy is
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few microseconds as lEDs are using sampled
values for protection

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Process Bus Overview
IEC 61850-9-2 LE (Lite Edition)

Is an Implementation Agreement to facilitate
interoperability
Is maintained by UCA, not by IEC. Is a defacto
standard.
Specifies fixed message format, fixed Data Set with:
- 4xVoltages & 4xCurrents
Specifies two sampling rates:
- 80 samples/cycle and 256 samples/cycle
Specifies types of Ethernet connectors and physical
layer:
- 100Base-FX with ST, 100Base-FX with MTRJ,
100Base-TX with RJ45
Specifies 1PPS as synchronization mechanism
Future revision of IEC 61850-9-2 most probably will
add IEEE 1588 time synchronization and more
Ethernet connector types and physical layers

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IEEE 1588 time synchronization will replace
1PPS

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Key Benefits of IEC 61850
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Increases flexibility
by connecting protection, control, measurement and
monitoring devices to common Ethernet network within
substation
Reduces copper wiring
through GOOSE messaging that enables fast
and reliable applications like interlocking,
distributed bay tripping, breaker failure, etc.
Reduces total installation cost
by enabling Process Bus with electronic CT/VTs and
intelligent switchgear and by replacing conventional copper
wiring by Ethernet digital communications
Eases system engineering and integration process

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through graphical configuration tools based on SCL
language - XML common file format designed for

exchange of configuration information.

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Improves application performance and security

through fast Ethernet communications and redundancy
(IEC 61850 Edition II)
Provides easy way of implementing typical applications
due to standardized naming conventions
Saves time and money in setup & commissioning
because of object-oriented structure and high-level
services that enable selfdescription of devices and
automatic data discovery.
Minimizes costs of technological obsolescence
because of a global acceptance and adoption and
future-proof concept of abstract services as well
as independence of mapping to protocols

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COMIEC 61850 is currently used
Where
Transmission substations
Distribution substations
Distribution automation
Power plants
Wind farms
Railway traction substations
Substations in industrial plants
and big infrastructure:
Aluminum
Oil&Gas
Mines
Airports

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Other
52
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Overview of IEC 61850

Copyright RuggedCom Inc 2

Evolution of Protection and

Typical Substation Diagram

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Conventional Substation P&C System

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Substation Network - Present

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Still a lot of copper wiring !

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The Future - Digital Switchyard

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n Substation Automation HMI

Di'let onul Dwriurrerr.

Copyright RuggedCom Inc 13

Overview of IEC 61850 Standard

What is IEC 61850 ?

IEC 61850 is NOT just a communication

Copyright RuggedCom Inc 15

IEC 61850 standard defines complete

Copyright RuggedCom Inc 16

IEC 61850 Key Features

Uses the strengths of the OSI 7 layer

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The data is organized in devices in a

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Parts of IEC 61850 Standard Edition I

Data Models and Services

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Application Modelling According to IEC 61850

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IEC 61850 is Application Oriented

In generic industrial protocols we talk about points or

IEC 61850 is an application oriented architecture, it

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Data Mapping Examples

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IEC 61850 Data Mapping Models Application

Control of circuit breaker -

Sum of Switched Amperes -

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Logical Device is.g R^lLll

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Physical Device MMXU2

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SCL - Substation Configuration Language

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IEC 61850 Architecture

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Station Bus and Process Bus

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Communication Schemes in IEC 61850

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GOOSE Usage for Interlocking & Tripping

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