BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture, Fine Arts &

Computing Sciences

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

ChE 456- Environmental Engineering with Waste Management

Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant

Evaporator & Crystallizer

Prepared by:

Christian M. Pagsinohin

Submitted to:

Engr. Sicily B. Tiu

Instructor, ChE 456

 Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant
Evaporator & Crystallizer
Christian Pagsinohin

EVAPORATOR

For overall mass balance,

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 3

200 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 3.

For solute balance, considering the feed and the third effect concentrate gives

= 3 3

(0.1)200 = 0.63

3 = 33.33 .

For total sucrose content of the feed and the mass of the evaporated water

= 0.1(200) = 20 ,

= 200 33.33 = 166.67 .

Mass balance in each effect:

1st Effect: = 1 + 1

200 = 1 + 1 (1)

2nd Effect: 1 = 2 + 2 (2)

3rd Effect: 2 = 3 + 3

2 = 3 + 33.33. (3)

Assuming all vapor component is equal, so, 1 = 2 = 3 = 55.56 .

Then, substituting the values of the vapor gives the following values of concentrate:

1 = 144.46 ,

2 = 88.88 .

Sucrose Balance in the 1st and 2nd Effect (Concentrate):

20
1st Effect: 1 = 144.46 = 0.1385

20
2nd Effect: 2 = 88.88 = 0.2250.

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 Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant
Evaporator & Crystallizer
Christian Pagsinohin

For energy balances:

Boiling point raise in each effect is given by the relation, = 1.78 + 6.22 2 .

1 = 1.78(0.1385) + 6.22(0.1385)2 = 0.3658

2 = 1.78(0.225) + 6.22(0.225)2 = 0.7153

3 = 1.78(0.6) + 6.22(0.6)2 = 3.3072

Total change in temperature is given as,

= 1 3 (1 + 2 + 3 )

= 121.1 51.67 (0.3658 + 0.7153 + 3.3072)

= 65.0417 .

1
1
Change in temperature in each effect is determined by the equation, = 1 , then
1 +12 +13

1 = 12.2240, 2 = 19.2126 3 = 33.6051 .

The actual boiling point of the solution in each effect is given as follows,

1st Effect: 1 = 1 1 = 121.1 12.2240 = 108.876,

2nd Effect: 2 = 1 1 2 = 108.876 0.3658 19.2126 = 89.2978,

2 = 1 1 = 108.876 0.3658 = 108.5102,

3rd Effect: 3 = 2 2 = 89.2978 0.7153 = 88.5825

3 = 3 3 = 88.5825 33.6051 = 54.9772.

Heat capacities of the liquid in each effect is given by the relation, ( ) = 4.19 2.35, then

= 3.955 , 1 = 3.8645 , 2 = 3.6613 3 = 2.78 .

The values of the enthalpy, H, of the various vapor streams relative to water at 0C as a datum
temperature are obtained from the steam table as follows.

1st Effect: 1 = 2 ( 2 ) + 1.8841 = 2689.21 + 1.884(0.3658) = 2689.89 /

1 = 2708 508 = 2200/

2nd Effect: 2 = 3 + 1.8842 = 2657.7753 + 1.884(0.7153) = 2659.1229 /

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 Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant
Evaporator & Crystallizer
Christian Pagsinohin

2 = 2689.21 454.9981 = 2234.2185 /

3rd Effect: 3 = 4 + 1.8843 = 2595 + 1.884(3.3072) = 2601.2308 /

3 = 2657.7753 370.9608 = 2286.8145 /.

Using and manipulating the equations (1), (2) and (3) and making 0C as a datum temperature in the heat
balances in each evaporator,

1st Effect: + 1 = 1 1 1 + 1 1

200(3.955)(26.7) + (2200) = 1 (3.8645)(108.876) + (200 1 )(2689.89), (3)

2nd Effect: 1 1 1 + 1 2 = 2 2 2 + 2 2

1 (3.8645)(108.876) + (200 1 )(2234.21185) = 2 (3.6613)(89.2978) + (1 2 )(2659.1229), (4)

3rd Effect: 2 2 2 + 2 2 = 3 3 3 + 3 3

2 (3.6613)(89.2978) + (1 2 )(2286.8145) = 33.78(2.78)(54.9772) + (2 33.33)(2601.2308). (5)

Simplifying and then solving equations (4) and (5), simultaneously, with 1 and 2 unknown, give

1 = 147.8769 ,

2 = 92.0330 .

Then, substituting the computed values of concentrate to equations (1), (2) and (3) gives, 1 =
52.1231 , 2 = 55.8439 , 3 = 58.703 . This also led to the computation of 1 =
20
147.8769
= 0.1352 2 = 20/92.0330.

Further calculations and iterations will correct the vapor and concentrate compositions to make the area of
each evaporator equal. However, this will not be shown here. Above calculations and computations are
just to show the mass and energy balances in the evaporator of sugar milling plant.

CRYSTALLIZER

The over mass balance: 3 = + +

33.33 = + + 15

= 18.33 (6)

For solute balance: 3 3 = +

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 Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant
Evaporator & Crystallizer
Christian Pagsinohin

33.33(0.6) = 15 +

= 15/ (7)

For heat balances:

Heat capacity of the feed is similar to the evaporator (last effect), 3 = 2.78 and for the anhydrous

sucrose crystal, 4 = 1.84
, based from the previous relation. For mother liquor, = (4.19

2.35 ) .

The enthalpy of the water vapor at its saturation temperature (10 + 1.1) 11.1 C is 2521.75
.For the
total enthalpy of water vapor, it is computed as:

= + 1.884

= 2521.75 + 1.884(1.1) = 2523.8224 /.

Then the heat balance becomes,

3 3 3 = 4 ( + 4 ) + (8)

Substituting equations (6) and (7) and to equation (8), and then solving for .

5
33.33(2.78)(54.9772) = 11.1 [ (4.19 2.35 ) + 1.84(15)] + (18.33 )(2523.8224)

= 16.6583 ,

= 1.6717 ,

= 0.3001.

5
 3 , 3, = 13.4 , = 11.1
1 , 1, 2 , 2,

= 200

= 0.1
First Effect Second Effect Third Effect
= 26.7

Evaporator Evaporator Evaporator Crystallizer

, 1 = 121.1

205. 5 kPa
2 , 2, 2
1 , 1, 1 3 , 3, 3 = 0.6
(, )

() = 15
Christian Pagsinohin
Evaporator & Crystallizer

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Energy and Mass Balance of Sugar Milling and Refinery Plant