Quizzes

Chapter One

1. Which statement best describes the result from Thorndikes (1917) study on work satisfaction?
A lack of rest affected the participants satisfaction, but not their quality and quantity towards the work
activity.
2. Early theorists believed that money
Should be paid for goal/task achievement.
3. Behaviorists believe
That there is no causal relationship between thoughts and behavior.
4. According to Crook et al. (2011), what must companies do in order to achieve a higher level of performance?
Develop employees human capital (knowledge, skills, and abilities).
5. Freud believed that motivation is a function of
The unconscious and sex.

Chapter Two

1. The Rabble Hypothesis is that workers are treated as a group of

Employees who dont care about approval or self-respect.
2. Employee A is given some degree of freedom in how they decide to conduct their work. Employee B is given
explicit instructions from their boss for every work-related activity. According to the text, which employee is more
likely to experience work-related motivation?
Employee A.
3. Which of the following statements is true?
Job performance affects job satisfaction.
4. There are many factors that can affect a workers morale. All are factors affecting worker morale except which
of the following?
Raises and bonuses. (Factors: Social factors and working conditions).
5. By focusing on workers feelings and motivations, the prime element in motivation is employees
Feelings of worth.

Chapter Three

1. An enriched job is one that scores on all except which of the following?
Management dependence. (Scores on task feedback, task significance, and skill variety).
2. Equity theory states that people examine the ratio of their _ (money, recognition) relative to their _ (effort,
experience) relative to those of a comparison other. Therefore, _ ratios can lead to tension within the individual.
Outputs; inputs; unequal.
3. Managers who believe in Theory X believe that
Employees dont care about the organizations needs.
4. Oscar wants to get an A in his psychology class. He is only taking one class, he decided on the goal himself and so
far, his quiz scores have all been As. According to goal setting theory, his motivation is
High.
5. A problem with Maslows hierarchy is
It has not stood up to empirical validation.

Chapter Four

1. All of the following are types of organizational justice except

Equality. (Types: procedural, deontic, distributive).
2. Which type of justice stresses that the rationale for a decision made by a leader should be explained to
employees with sincerity?
Interactional justice.
3. Organizational justice comes from
Equity theory.
4. Social cognitive theory says that
Peoples motivations come from the environment and their cognitions.
5. All of the following are potential problems of goal-setting theory except
Having specific goals makes people fear failure too much. (Problems: focusing on your goal might make
you less likely to help others achieve their goal, quantity is focused on and quality is neglected, two goals
may conflict with each other).

Chapter Five

1. All of the statements are true except

Extrinsic motives are often stronger and more important than intrinsic motives for job performance.
(True: the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is continuous and bidirectional, a
negative relationship between satisfaction and performance usually exists when good performers are paid
the same as poor performers, money can have an adverse effect on job dissatisfaction but no effect on
job satisfaction).
2. Which of the following is the most effective strategy is the performance environment is high in uncertainty?
Set subgoals.
3. Science practitioner means that
Someone applies research to solve a problem.
4. Incentives (pay) can be used in all of the following ways except
As a way to increase intrinsic motivation. (Used: as an evaluative reaction, as an expression of
appreciation, and as a coercive threat).
5. Participating in decision making is good for motivation because
It helps the employee understand the reasons for the goal.

Chapter Six

1. _ are individual differences, rooted in needs that are said to be beneficial and worth maintaining.
Values.
2. Which of the following is true regarding self-esteem and work/performance?
Deviance may occur if self-esteem is not related to work performance.
3. All of the statements are true concerning needs except which of the following?
Physiological needs are always more important than psychological needs. (True: needs are paired with
experiences of pleasure or pain, a persons needs affect ones survival and well-being, needs are the
starting points for motivation and goal-related activity).
4. Social categorization is the process by which
People identify with the others in their group.
5. The need to get ahead is expressed by which of the following two traits?
Extroversion; openness to experience.

Chapter Seven

1. A prevention focus means that people

Think of goals as obligations and something they ought to attain.
2. Personality traits are important in motivation because
We can explain what people do because of their traits.
3. Self-determination theory
 States that giving people the freedom to make personal choices leads to personal empowerment and
more interest in the task; states that autonomy, control, and impersonal orientations are important
individual differences in how people regulate themselves; states that unrestricted choice makes people
like the task more.
4. Consider the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and Gray (1994). Employee A is said to be _ in extroversion because
he/she is preoccupied with achievement/reward. Employee B is said to be _ in neuroticism because he/she is
preoccupied with failure/punishment.
High; high.
5. Sarah has a very low self-esteem. She has an external locus-of-control. Sarah believes she cannot change the
outcome of external events around her. Overall, she feels as though she is incompetent and unable to achieve
much. Which of the following orientations does Sarah likely have?
Impersonal orientation.

Chapter Eight

1. All of the statements are true except

Wealthier people are always happier than their poorer coworkers; True: work values have a distal
influence on job performance, values can be considered an individual difference variable, the
environment in which an employer works affects their behavior.
2. _ is defined as the degree to which a less powerful person accepts and considers inequality in power as normal.
Power distance.
3. Which of the following is correct concerning job autonomy and work performance?
When an employees knowledge relevant to a task is low, their autonomy can have a negative outcome
due to an increased cognitive load.
4. Johnathan is very good at math. His job requires him to be good at math. Johnathan has a _ at his job.
Complementary fit.
5. Autonomy increases stress
In jobs where the people dont know what to do.

Chapter Eleven

1. Which of the following statements is false?

Feelings of exhaustion are always felt by people who set high goals; True: disengagement from an
unattainable goal is an adaptive strategy, goal achievement and well-being are particularly strong when
the goal is important to the person, goal setting not only has a positive effect on performance but also on
individual well-being.
2. Job performance is influenced by environmental factors due to the emotional reactions the events elicit. There
can be positive events and weak events. Which type of event has a stronger relationship with an employees
subsequent mood?
Weak event
3. _ is to state affect as _ is to trait affect.
Happy; conscientiousness
4. What is defined as an unwritten agreement between an employee and his/her employee?
Psychological contract
5. _ are felt more strongly than _.
Negative emotions; positive emotions

Chapter Twelve

1. _ is a branch of psychology that aims to understand how people do/can live a life of happiness, engagement,
and meaning.
Positive psychology
2. Which of the following concentrations attempts to discover what brain areas are activated during a positive
emotional response and how to increase the frequency of these positive emotional responses for various stimuli?
Neuroscience
3. All of the characteristics describe a narcissistic individual except which of the following?
Lack of anxiety; All anger/aggression, feelings of superiority, and grandiosity
4. Which of the following statements about optimists is false?
Optimists attribute positive events to external, unstable, and specific situational factors; True: they are
resilient and can motivate themselves to bounce back from a problem, they believe setbacks and
obstacles are exciting challenges for them to undertake, and they believe the environment is the cause for
their setbacks, problems, and obstacles.
5. Peter is nervous for his chemistry final coming up next week. He has done poorly on the first three tests in the
class. This upsets Peter because he has A's in all of his other classes. Peter is also upset because he seems to be the
only one struggling in the class; everyone else is doing well on the tests. He wants to do well on the final, but is
struggling to find the motivation to begin studying for it. Peter has grown a sense of learned helplessness towards
succeeding in chemistry class. When it comes to chemistry, he feels like a failure. Therefore, Peter can perceive his
performance (particularly as a chemistry student) to be characterized by all except which of the following
characteristics?
Peters chemistry performance can be attributed to an external locus; True: is stable and seemingly
uncontrollable, can be attributed to an internal focus, and is a specific situational factor
 Tests

One

1. Self-efficacy has two dimensions: _ is the number or levels of performance (e.g. getting all As, getting two As)
that the person believes they can attain, and _ refers to the persons confidence in actually attaining that level of
performance.
Magnitude; strength.
2. Which type of justice stresses that fairness in and of itself is important to employees?
Deontic justice.
3. Which of the following is not a reason why I-O psychology research increased?
The industrial revolution. (Reasons: the great depression and WWII).
4. Who is referred to as the Father of I-O Psychology?
Hugo Munsterberg.
5. The I in I-O psychology is typically referred to the science and practice of all of the following except
Decision making. (Of: socialization, recruitment, performance appraisal).
6. Low self-efficacy
Lowers motivation even with positive outcome expectancies.
7. Which type of justice stresses that the rationale for a decision made by a leader should be explained to
employees with sincerity?
Interactional justice.
8. All of the statements are true except which of the following?
Self-set goals lead to better performance than assigned goals. (True: people with high self-efficacy
respond better to negative feedback, a goal is the object or aim of an action, there is a positive correlation
between goal difficulty and performance).
9. According to Crook et al. (2011), what must companies do in order to achieve a higher level of performance?
Develop employees human capital (knowledge, skills, abilities).
10. Work _ is higher for employees who have a _ morale.
Performance; higher.
11. Workplace motivation is defined using three pillars:
Effort, persistence, choice
12. Manager who believe in Theory Y believe that
Employees have the capacity to be challenged at work.
13. Taylor believed the purpose of scientific management was that
Performance, which leads to rewards, leads to satisfaction.
14. Which statement best describes the relationship between job satisfaction and motivation?
Job satisfaction is not a required component for motivation.
15. Equity theory states that people examine the ratio of their _ (money, recognition) relative to their _ (effort,
experience) relative to those of a comparison other. Therefore, _ ratios can lead to tension within the individual.
Outputs; inputs; unequal
16. According to Banduras Social Cognitive Theory, _ is more important than ability in affecting someones
performance.
Self-efficacy.
17. Both Goal-Setting Theory and Social Cognitive Theory include which of the following?
Self-efficacy, feedback, goal-setting
18. What is one condition to Hackman and Oldhams research that Herzberg never accounted for?
Considering individual differences between employees.
19. There are three psychological growth needs that fulfill an employees personal accomplishment, learning, and
development. A workers perceived sense of autonomy fulfills which of the following needs?
Responsibility.
20. Which statement best describes the result from Thorndikes (1917) study on work satisfaction?
 A lack of rest affected the participants satisfaction, but not their quality and quantity towards the work
activity.
21. Both Hackman and Oldhams Job Characteristics Model and Trists socio-technical systems theory emphasize all
of the following except
Group processes. (Emphasize: responsibility for work process, feedback, autonomy).
22. Consider Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. When this set of needs is threatened, it leads to feelings of inferiority,
weakness, and helplessness.
Esteem.
23. By focusing on workers feelings and motivations, the prime element in motivation is employees
Feelings of worth.
24. Freud believed that motivation is a function of
The unconscious and sex.
25. Managers who believe in Theory X believe that
Employees dont care about the organizations needs.
26. In the high performance cycle,
Rewards lead to satisfaction lead to commitment
27. Behaviorism characterizes all of the following except
Behaviorists studied consciousness. (All: motivation was of no interest to behaviorists, there is an
immediate response for every stimulus).
28. Janet really wants an A in her physics class. However, she does not understand the material and thinks there is
a 0 probability that she can master the material. According to Expectancy theory, even though the goal is
important to her, because she does not think her goal is achievable, her motivation is
Low.
29. Hertzbergs Hygiene theory of motivation states that
Job content factors contribute to motivation while hygiene factors contribute to dissatisfaction.
30. Social cognitive theory says that
Peoples motivations come from the environment and their cognitions.
31. In Hackman and Oldhams Job Characteristics Model, growth needs strength is the idea that
People who have high growth needs need more of the core job dimensions to be motivated.
32. A workers motives are driven by
Physiological needs.
33. All of the following are types of organizational justice except
Equality. (Types: distributive, procedural, deontic).
34. Which of the following statements is not true concerning self-efficacy?
Self-efficacy is always less important than ones ability in determining whether an employee will be
successful. (True: those with high self-efficacy persist longer in trying to attain their goals, self-efficacy is
the internal belief that you can execute a specific behavior, individuals with low self-efficacy may cope
less effectively with stress and depression).
35. When knowledge is lacking, performance is higher when people are told
To do their best.
36. Janet really wants an A in her psychology class. She believes she can master the material and an A on the test
will really help her get an A in the class. According to Expectancy Theory, her motivation is
High.
37. Employee A's actions at work are self-directed. Employee A takes initiative on work assignments. She can
anticipate what her boss expects of her; rather than wait for her boss's direct instructions. According to McGregor,
this describes which of the following?
Theory Y.
38. Which of the following statements is true?
Job performance affects job satisfaction.
39. Setting a specific goal instead of exhorting someone to do ones best has the effect of
Instilling purpose, challenge, and meaning into the task.
40. Equity theory proposes that
People lose motivation when they are treated unfairly.
41. The Rabble Hypothesis is that workers are treated as a group of
Employees who dont care about approval or self-respect.
42. _ theory states that behavior is both determined by and affects environmental consequences, which in turn
affect the persons conscious intentions or goals, and vice versa.
Social Cognitive.
43. There are many factors that can affect a workers morale. All are factors affecting worker morale except
Raises and bonuses. (Factors: working conditions and social factors).
44. Which of the following statements is true concerning performance, rewards, and satisfaction?
Satisfaction for extrinsic rewards is high when people are allowed choice.
45. _ refers to a trans-situational trait, while _ refers to a situation-specific cognitive judgement.
Self-esteem; self-efficacy.
46. Employee A is given some degree of freedom in how they decide to conduct their work. Employee B is given
explicit instructions from their boss for every work-related activity. According to the text, which employee is more
likely to experience work-related motivation?
Employee A.
47. After people attain their goals, people with high self-efficacy
Set even higher goals.
48. Merging Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory and Porters (1963) research, what trait was found to be the most
important, and one of the least satisfied, for managers of all levels?
Self-actualization.
49. Early theorists believed that money
Should be paid for goal/task achievement.
50. Behaviorists believe
That there is no causal relationship between thoughts and behavior.

Two

1. _ is to an intrapersonal view as _ is to an interpersonal view.

Identity; reputation
2. All of the following are part of national culture expect:
Extraversion; All power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism
3. Which theory states that satisfying needs of autonomy, competency, and togetherness is critical for instrinsic
motivation?
Self-determination theory
4. National culture affects motivation in all of the following ways except
Culture affects the Big 5; All the political environment affects motivation, culture affects peoples self-
concept, culture affects norms about work
5. Social categorization is the process by which
People identify with the others in their group.
6. According to the text, which variable is most important concerning motivation?
Difficulty level of goal
7. The relationship between individual differences and national culture is
Peoples individual cultural values are not necessarily the same as their national culture.
8. _ is defined as the degree to which people are turned away by situations that they believe to be unstructured,
unclear, or unpredictable.
Uncertainty avoidance
9. Employee A has strong needs for self-actualization, growth, achievement, and job enrichment. Employee B has
strong needs for synergy, team commitment and value, and group goals. According to Social Categorization
Theory, which of the following best describes Employees A and B?
Employee A has personal level; Employee B has social level
10. According to the video and Daniel Pink, _ increases motivation for a creative task.
Autonomy
11. Science-Practitioner means that
Someone applies research to solve a problem
12. _ is/are a great way for assessing employees cognitive and affective patterns; and using these findings to
problem solve with them ways to improve systems, processes, and procedures that affect the attainment of
employee and employer goals.
Surveys
13. Recent research suggests that personality traits come from
Brain structure
14. If a goal is very important to someone, they will be highly aware of whether or not the goal is eventually met. If
the goal is accomplished, then the persons motivation will likely decrease. This means a higher and/or more
difficult goal will not be set. According to the text, which of the following theories best describes this scenario?
Control theory
15. An _ is a situation where the dependence of an outcome is based on a combination of factors.
Interaction effect
16. _ are individual differences, rooted in needs, that are said to be beneficial and worth maintaining.
Values
17. Which of the following is correct concerning job autonomy and work performance?
When an employees knowledge relevant to a task is low, their autonomy can have a negative outcome
due to an increased cognitive load.
18. Which of the following is true regarding employees with higher, more positive self-evaluations?
They select jobs with a higher level of complexity.
19. Incentives (pay) can be used in all of the following ways except
As a way to increase intrinsic motivation; All as an evaluative reaction, coercive threat, and expression
of appreciation
20. Which of the statements is true regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic incentives reduce intrinsic motivation because the individual believes the situation is externally
controlled.
21. Which of the following is the most effective strategy if the performance environment is high in uncertainty?
Set subgoals
22. Consider the following: At work, Toms attitude towards goals is that he ought to do them. He pursues
assignments only if he feels they will not prevent him from satisfying his bosss expectations. Maintaining security
and comfort is very important to Tom. According to regulatory focus theory, people can possess either a
prevention-focused or a promotion-focused disposition. Which disposition is reflected in Toms work-related
behavior?
Prevention-focused
23. Needs _
Are conscious and subconscious.
24. Self-efficacy _
Is strongly related to the Big 5.
25. _ reflect an employees needs and personality.
Values
26. All of the statements are true except which of the following?
Extrinsic motives are often stronger and more important than intrinsic motives for job performance; All -
the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is continuous and bidirectional, a negative
relationship between satisfaction and performance usually exists when good performers are paid the
same as poor performers, money can have an adverse effect on job dissatisfaction but no effect on job
satisfaction.
27. Proponents of Social Categorization Theory are interested in understanding how people answer which of the
following questions?
Who am I?
28. _ is to personal enjoyment as _ is to a reward (money).
Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
29. Core Self-Evaluation is a combination of
 Self-esteem, locus of control, and self-efficacy
30. According to the video and Daniel Pink, when people go beyond rudimentary cognitions in completing a task
More money decreases their motivation
31. Core self-evaluations are manifested in four highly correlated traits. All are traits except
Agreeableness; All self-efficacy, locus of control, and self-esteem
32. Johnathan is very good at math. His job requires him to be good at math. Johnathan has a _ at his job.
Complementary fit
33. Autonomy is
An individual or cultural difference.
34. Self-regulatory focus theory states that people either have a _ or a _ focus.
Prevention; promotion
35. Sarah has a very low self-esteem. She has an external locus-of-control. Sarah believes she cannot change the
outcome of external events around her. Overall, she feels as though she is incompetent and unable to achieve
much. Which of the following orientations does Sarah likely have?
Impersonal orientation
36. Motivational skills refer to
A persons ability to sustain effort.
37. Cultural intelligence is
A persons self-efficacy in cross-cultural settings.
38. Self-efficacy
Is strongly related to the Big 5.
39. Intrinsic motivation is to _ situations as extrinsic motivation is to _ situations.
Weak; strong
40. _ is defined as the degree to which a less powerful person accepts and considers inequality in power as normal.
Power distance
41. A prevention focus means that people
Think of goals as obligations and something they ought to attain.
42. _ is to individualism as _ is to collectivism.
Intrapersonal; interpersonal
43. Which of the following is not a characteristic that organizational decision makers should consider when
designing a job position?
How much the worker will be paid; All how motivated the person is by autonomy, how complex the
tasks being done are, and the variability of the task being committed.
44. All of the statements about collectivism are true except
Most collectivist societies are located in the West; All collectivist values include family, security, and
tradition; collectivists are unlikely to quit their jobs even if they dislike them; the self is largely
interdependent with some group.
45. Ford (1992) argued that at least three sets of variables are necessary for a complete theory of motivation,
including
Emotions, agency, and goals
46. All are part of the Big 5/FFM except
Shyness; All openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism
47. There is a _ relationship between perceived well-being and the significance of money when the motive for
wealth is to overcome their self-doubt.
Negative
48. When people are intrinsically interested in a task and they are rewarded extrinsically for doing that task, what
can happen?
They are less likely to do the task.
49. All of the statements are true concerning needs except
Physiological needs are always more important than psychological needs; All a persons needs affect
ones survival and well-being, needs are the starting points for motivation and goal-related activity, needs
are paired with experiences of pain or pleasure.
50. Which of the following constructs is not measured using the FFM?
 Narcissism; All neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness

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