SPEKTROSKOPI

Topik

1. Spektroskopi UV-Vis
2. Spektroskopi IR
3. Spektroskopi NMR
4. AAS
5. XRD
6. SEM-EDX

Referensi
1. Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F.X and Kiemle, D.J., Spectrometric
Identification of organic Compound UV-Vis
2. Spektroskopi IR
3. Spektoskopi NMR
4. AAS
5. XRD
6. SEM-EDX
Tim Pengajar
1. Dr. Poedji Loekitowati, M.Si
2. Dr. Ferlinahayati, M.Si

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Referensi
1. Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F.X. and Kiemle, D.J., 2005, Spectrometric
Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th ed, John Wiley & Sons Inc
2. Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S. and Vyvyan, J.R., 2015,
Introduction to Spectroscopy, 5th ed, Cengage Learning.
3. Creswell C.J., Runquist, O.A. and Campbell M.M., 1982, Analisis
Spektrum Senyawa Organik, 2nd ed (diterjemahkan oleh Kosasih
padmawinata dan Iwang Sudiro), ITB, Bandung

WHAT IS SPECTROSCOPY?

The study of the interaction between

ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) RADIATION and
MATTER

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SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

covers

ATOMIC MOLECULAR
SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY

SPECTROSCOPY
Interaction of Radiation with a sample

The study of molecular or atomic structure of

a substance by observation of its interaction
with electromagnetic radiation

QUANTITATIVELY - For determining the amount

of material in a sample

QUALITATIVELY For identifying the chemical

structure of a sample

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To Understand Spectroscopy We
Must Understand Electromagnetic
Radiation

What is Electromagnetic Radiation?

is a form of energy that has both Wave and Particle
Properties.
For example: Ultraviolet, visible, infrared,
microwave, radio wave.

WAVE PROPERTIES
EM radiation is conveniently modeled as waves
consisting of perpendicularly oscillating electric and
magnetic fields, as shown below.
y

x
z Electric Field

Magnetic Field

Direction of
propagation

Source : Introduction to spectroscopic Methods of Analysis

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radio waves

Gamma rays
Microwave

Ultraviolet
Infra-red

Visible

X-rays
Long Wavelength Short
Low Energy High
Low Frequency High

Source : Basics on Molecular Spectroscopy University of Lincoln

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Radiation Energy
The strength of the radiation energy will interect with the
molecules in different ways:
High energy sources produce breaking of bonds
X-Ray, Rays,

Medium energy sources excite electrons

UV / VISIBLE Spectroscopy

Low energy sources produce vibrations in chemical bonds

Infrared Energy

Very low energy sources produce rotation of the chemical bonds

Microwaves and Radio waves

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EFFECT OF ENERGY ON A MOLECULE

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ENERGY 1.2 x105 1.2 x107 12000 310 150 0.12 0.0012
( kJ/mol)

Electronic excitation
e-

FREQUENCY
(Hz) 1020 1018 1016 1014 1012 108

visible
Cosmic x Ultra Radio
Infrared Microwave
rays rays rays violet waves
WAVELENGTH
(m)
10-12 10-11 10-9 10-6 10-3 10-1

Source : Basics on Molecular Spectroscopy University of Lincoln

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Molecular transition
In molecules the electronic states are subdivided
into vibrational states.

The energy of a band in a molecular absorption

spectrum is the sum of three different energy
components.
E = Eelectronic + Evibrational + Erotational

Transitions between electronic-vibrational-rotational

states give rise to spectra that appear to have
bands.

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Energy Levels
Vibrational levels

rotational levels
S1
Effects of the energy levels
depending on the nature of
the energy received
absorption
Energy

Vibrational levels

rotational levels
S0
Ground state
UV-Vis IR mW

Source : Basics on Molecular Spectroscopy University of Lincoln

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97.5

%T
883.40

441.70

90
945.12

732.95

526.57

82.5
613.36
578.64
831.32
1006.84

794.67

667.37

IR Spectra 75
2872.01

67.5
1122.57
1070.49
1521.84

60
2956.87

1460.11

1301.95
1382.96

52.5
1564.27

45
1165.00
1219.01

37.5
1633.71
3406.29

30

4400 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
g10e 1/cm

UV spectra NMR spectra

MeOH

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