Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0 INTRODUCTION
Fire safety regulation for buildings in Malaysia focused on the design and
construction of adequate life safety,fire prevention, fire protection and fire fighting facilities
in new buildings.
Its main purpose was to prevent fire outbreak as well as to ensure the safety of
occupants should a fire breakout in those premises.
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2.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the exact method of inspection of fire extinguisher system in the new
building.
b) To study the exact method of testing to the all equipment of fire extinguisher system.
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3.0 THE ISSUANCE OF THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND
COMPLIANCE (CCC)
The CCC replaces the Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO). It awards a full
control to Professional Engineer, Professional Architect and Building Plan Drafts man to
issue CCC and Local Authorities will not bother any more to issue Certificate of Fitness for
Occupation (CFO). This new system is an attempt towards self-certification and self-
regulation approach in the construction industry.
Completion and Compliance Certification (CCC) was put on effect on12 April 2007.
CCC will cut down on red-tape and ensure that house buyers and building owners get to
move in as quickly as possible without compromising their safety. The introduction of the
matrix of responsibility, will improve the accountability and responsibility aspect.
1. The CCC will be issued by the Professional Architect or Professional Engineer who is
registered with the respective Board of Architects Malaysia (BAM) or Board of
Engineers Malaysia (BEM) acting in the capacity of PSP.
2. For buildings which require intensive design input, the Professional Architect will
function as the PSP while the Professional Engineer will be the PSP for the projects
with high engineering input in nature.
3. For the bungalows which do not exceed 2 floors in height and 300square meters in
total built up floor area, the registered Building
4. Draughtsman will perform the role of PSP and will issue the CCC.
5. The CCC can only be issued when all parties concerned are satisfied that the building
construction have been supervised and completed full compliance with the provisions
of the law and technical conditions as imposed by the LA in approving the Planning
Permission and Building Plan
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4.0 APPLICATION PROCEDURE FROM APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
END
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4.2 M&E PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
OFFICIAL PLAN
CONFIRMATION REVIEW BY THE DISTRIBUTES TO
PROCESS JKP MEETING OFFICIALS OFFICER
PROVIDE A
CONFIRMATION LETTER OF RECORD AND SEND
END
LETTER AND APPROVAL TO THE APPLICANT
REJECTION LETTER
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4.3 BUILDING INSPECTION FOR ISSUED OF STAGE CERTIFICATE APPROVAL
LETTER
INSPECTION INFORMATION
SUPPORT
INSPECTION
REPORT APPOINTMENT
RECORD AND
END
STASTIC
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5.0 PARTIES INVOLVE DURING INSPECTION, TESTING AND
COMMISSIONING
1)Owner
4)Design Team
5)General Contractor
1. Contractor .
a. Project Manager
b. Test Engineer
3. Green Consultant
4. Architect/Engineer
a. Architect.
b. MEP engineers
c. Specialty Consultant
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6. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia (Bomba)
All matters relating to fire safety have to get permission and approval from Bomba first.
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6.0 PROCEDURE TO INSTALL FIRE SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
At this method the developer will purpose to build the building .At this step also the
client will follow the requirement of client about the design of building.
At this method the developer will selected the architect to design the plan based on
the client requirement. At this method also the architect will draft the fire system in building
At this method the engineer will design the fire system in a building
Application for inspection only can be made after Architectural Plan and M&E was
approved by the BOMBA.
After the design of fire system finished the engineer will submit the plan to BOMBA
to get the approval from BOMBA about the design of fire system.
Ensure access to the extinguisher is not obstructed by storage bins, file cabinets, or
similar items.
Make sure the extinguisher is mounted in a location where it is visible and easy to
locate during an emergency.
Check the tamper-seal to verify it is not broken or missing and ensure the pull-pin is
not missing.
Check the pressure gauge to make sure the indicator is in the operating range (the
needle should be located in the green portion of the gauge).
Check the extinguisher for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or a clogged
nozzle, and report any problems with campus extinguishers to Fire Prevention
Services so we can make corrective measures.
Keep track of when the last professional inspection was; off-campus this information
is likely written on a paper inspection tag, and on campus Fire Prevention Services
monitors the dates of annual inspections through barcodes on the extinguishers.
The label should carry SIRIM product certification logo. Each extinguisher shall have
a valid Fire and Rescue Department H13certificate and the cylinder body and valve
should be rust free.
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7.0 HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Hose reel system cannot be used for other than to fire fighting and testing purpose.
Usage of hose reel for washing cars / motorcycle or watering plant is absolutely prohibited.
The hose reel which has been placed in the boxes must be accessible. If it is locked, the keys
have to be displayed on the boxes to enable it to be used during emergency.
Hose reel boxes/rooms cannot be used as storage (especially for storing cleaning
equipments, newspaper etc ). The respective Cost Centre is responsible for this.
Any damage, weakness or leakage identified, for example, missing nozzle, leaking
hose, vandalism and the like must be reported for corrective action to be taken immediately.
DESIGN STANDARDS
The rubber hoses should be comply with pr EN 694 standard & 30 m in length
and 25 mm diameter
Nozzles should be of the jet & spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8mm is a
recommended size.
Pipework is generally 50 mm diameter and the pipe feed to individual hose not less than
25mm diameter
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Underground pipework : minimum heavy grade (Class C)
Pipe painted with primer & finished with red paint (OR at least elbow & tee must
120 l/m and at least 2 bars in pressure for any four hose reels operating at the
same time
If total number of hose reel is not more than 4, electrically driven is enough no
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
Tank size based on 2275 litres for the first hose reel & others 1137.5 litres to
Tank material: pressed steel, fibre glass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted
The tank will automatically refill from water supply pipe of 50mm diameter and
Usually hose reel tanks are separated from domestic water storage tank. However,
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Tap off point of the domestic use must be above the tap off point of for the hose
Tank located on the roof or upper floors and the static pressure is adequate to achive the
required pressure & flow rate.
Check that:
7.4 TESTING
7.4.3 OUTLET
The reel and valve assembly shall be connected to a water supply and with the outlet
blocked it shall be subjected to an internal hydraulic pressure of 20 bar for a period of
not less than 5 minutes
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The test shall be considered successful only if at the end of the test period there has
been no sign of leakage.
Constant flow water system typically includes both water distribution piping and
pumps, as well as heat transfer elements (such as cooling and/or heating coils in air
handling units, cooling towers, condenser bundles, and water-cooled process loads).
Isolation valves, and 3-way control valves, as well as various temperature, pressure,
and flow sensors.
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8.0 DRY RISER SYSTEM
Dry fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes,
fitted with inlet connections at fire service access level and landing valves at specified points,
which is normally dry but is capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from
fire and rescue service appliances.
DESIGN STANDARDS
M.S. 1210: Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Fire hose rubber-lined type complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be
provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve
The fire brigade breeching inlet (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3) installed at the bottom of
the riser
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Dry Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use
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A 4-way breeching inlet for 150 mm diameter dry riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the
nearest external hydrant outlet
If the highest outlet is more than 23 m above the breeching inlet, use 150 mm dry riser else
100 mm.
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C tested at 21 bars
Horizontal pipework feeding the risers should be sloped for proper draining after use
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars (measured an inlet) for 2 hours for leakage at
joints and connections
Inspection & testing regularly all parts to ensure that they are in good operation condition
8.3 INSPECTION
Check position of the breaching inlet > 18m and no obstacle on between
The position of the landing valve on the protected are, at the staircase and also lift lobby is
based on the approval drawing.
Check Bomba main pipe should not exceeding more than12m to the riser pipe.
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8.4 TESTING
7.4.1 PRE-TEST
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9.0 WET RISER SYSTEM
Wet fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes and
permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply, and fitted with landing valves at
specified points.
Where fire mains are installed and there are no floors higher than 50 m above fire
service access level, wet or dry fire mains may be installed.
Where there are floors higher than 50 m above fire service access level, wet fire mains
should be installed owing to the pressures required to provide adequate fire-fighting water
supplies at the landing valves at upper floors and also to ensure that water is immediately
available at all floor levels.
DESIGN STANDARDS
M.S. 1210: Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Fire hose rubber-lined type (not less than 35mm dia. & 30 m in length) complete with 65
mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing
valve.
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9.2.2 BREECHING INLET
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Wet Riser Inlet
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the
nearest external hydrant outlet
Each wet riser should cover not more than 900 m sq floor area.
If more than one wet riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than 60 m
The top most and the lowest wet riser should be less than 71 m
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe
can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red
The pump capacity 1500 l/m & pressure between 4-7 bars when any three landing valves
are in use at the same time.
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator incase of black out for at least 2
hours
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
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9.2.5 WET RISER TANKS
Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m
The intermediate break tank for for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less than
11,375 litres with automatic refill rate 1365 l/m
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided External
tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted.
However, it may be combined with hose reel tanks and the capacity is the sum total from
both tanks. Hose reel tap off level should be above the wet riser tap off such that wet riser
reserve is maintained
Inspection & testing regularly all parts to ensure that they are in good operation condition
A three way landing valve should be provided on the roof or topmost floor for testing
purposes. Flow meter should be provided to measure flow rate
9.3 INSPECTION
Breeching inlet that connected to the BOMBA main pipe is not exceeding 80 feet
Volume of the hose and nozzle should be 2 x30mx37m and it will provided at the landing
valve
Sign of wet riser had at the each one of the landing valve
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9.4 TESTING
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10.0 EXTERNAL HYDRANT SYSTEM
Fire hydrant systems are installed in buildings to help firefighters quickly attack the
fire. Essentially, a hydrant system is a water reticulation system used to transport water in
order to limit the amount of hose that firefighters have to lay thus speeding up the fire
fighting process.
Fire hydrant systems sometimes include ancillary parts essential to their effective
operation such as pumps, tanks and fire service booster connections. These systems must be
maintained and regularly tested if they are to be effective when needed.
The placement of such equipment needs to closely interface with fire service
operational procedure simply complying with deemed to satisfy code provisions is a potential
recipe for disaster.
DESIGN STANDARDS
Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m from entrance to the building
Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m in width road
Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade vehicles.
2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve
In owners boundary: should be provided with 30m of 65mm rubber-lined hose
(complete with nozzles) in steel cabinet beside each hydrant.
Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to difficulty of access
Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4 bars but max to 7 bars only
The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with cement lined steel pipe.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for an area where corrosion is a
major concern
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10.2.2 HYDRANT PUMPS
10.3 INSPECTION
Nearest external hydrant should not exceeding 91.5 m or 300 feet from the new building
The flow and pressure of the water come out from the hydrant
The pits
The frames
The covers
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10.4 TESTING
Locate personnel at the test hydrant and at all flow hydrants to be used.
Remove the hydrant cap from the test hydrant and attach your WFR Cap Gauge with
the petcock in the open position. After checking the other caps for tightness, open the
hydrant slowly using several turns. Once the air has escaped and a steady stream of
water is flowing, the petcock should be closed and they hydrant opened fully.
Read and record the static pressure as shown on the Cap Gauge.
The individuals at the flow hydrants should remove the caps from the outlets to be
flowed.
Measured placing a pressure gauge on a hydrant port and opening the hydrant valve.
Water cannot flow of the hydrant when static pressure is measured.
The static pressure reading assumes that there is no water flow in the system.
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11.0 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler
heads fitted each year. In buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96%
of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.
Pipeworks always filled with water & ready to discharge once the sprinkler bulb breaks
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. Air released once the sprinkler bulb breaks
and water filled the pipeworks and discharge at the sprinkler head
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. A valves release air and pipeworks filled
with water when fire is detected by smoke or heat detectors. Water is discharged through the
sprinkler head only when the sprinkler bulb breaks
Sprinkler head has no bulb and water is discharge simultaneously from all heads when fire is
detected and the deluge valve is opened
DESIGN STANDARDS
Under the uniform building by-laws 226 and 228 refer to the requirements for sprinkler
systems
BS EN 12845 : 2003
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11.3 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
A. Light Hazard
Non-industrial occupancies
B. Ordinary Hazard
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
C. High Hazard
Group I: Process risk .e.g. clothing, rubber, wood wool & paint factories
Group II: High piled storage risk which divided into 4 categories
iii) Category III: Rubber, wax coated paper storage exceeding 2 m in height
iv) Category IV: foam & plastics storage exceeding 1.2 m in height
i) Light Hazard
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Head =45 m; Q = 375 dm3 /min at P = 2.3 bars
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing & paint factories.
v) Ordinary Hazard
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Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Each sprinkler installation should have installation control valves which consist of main
stop valves, alarm valves, drain line with stop valve, flow rate & pressure gauges
Maximum number of sprinklers to be fed from one set of installation control valve shall be;
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11.4.5 SPRINKLER PIPEWORK
For Pipes of size above 100 mm may be welded OR grooved coupling up to 250 mm
Sprinkler pipes should not be concealed in the floor or ceiling concrete slabs.
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe
can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red.
11.5 INSPECTION
Type of the sprinkler either that was used the ordinary hazards or extra high hazard
Design density according to M&E plan.
Location of the breeching inlet, rather that was 80feet from the nearest Bomba main
pipe.
Glass fronted cabinet at the inlet of the pipe- condition of the sprinkler head was in
the good condition.
Connection between the flow switch and the main fire alarm panel
Flow switch had installed at every floor of the building
Isolation valve for each zone- signage at the pump room and the red colour of the
water tank
11.6 TESTING
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11.6.3 DUTY PUMP
Change the duty pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of
the jockey pump manual.
Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure when the
duty pump works
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the pump duty.
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position.
Change standby pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of
the duty pump manual
Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure
When the pump Standby function
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the standby pump
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position
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12.0 CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM
It can be used for local application and total flooding systems and is suited to a wide
range of applications and hazards, CO2 has a high rate of expansion enabling rapid fire
suppression and provides a heavy blanket of gas that reduces the oxygen level to a point
where combustion cannot occur.
Design Standards
The relevant clause in the Uniform Building By-laws 1984, relating to Carbon Dioxide
extinguishing systems is By-law 235 and the applicable standard is :
MS 1590 : 2003
The protected area should be flooded with carbon dioxide gas with flame extinguishing
concentration of 50% at 21C based on total flooding principle with a time delay period of 30
seconds, adjustable up to 60 seconds maximum.
Duration of total discharge shall not exceed 7 minutes or 30% discharge within 2 minutes.
Local application using high pressure shortage, design quantity of carbon dioxide should be
increased by 40% as only liquid portion of the discharge is effective.
The system shall operate from a supply voltage of 240 volts A.C, 50 Hz to the power
charger module within the control panel. The voltage is transformed and rectified within the
panel to 24 volt D.C. A 24 volt D.C standby battery of the maintenance free type shall be
provided in case of mains voltage failure.
In order to discharge the extinguishing agent automatically, at least two detector zones must
be activated.
Provide the independent facility for emergency operation by manually discharging the agent
via a break glass handle type manual pull box which should be mounted outside the exit
door to the protected space.
The detectors circuit wiring shall be supervised continuously for line fault.
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12.2.2 CARBON DIOXIDE CYLINDERS
Carbon Dioxide gas stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form at
ambient temperatures. Gas can be stored at low pressure of 2068 kPa with refrigeration or
under high pressure at 5171 kPa at ambient temperatures.
Most systems use high pressure storage due to cost considerations. Cylinders should be
suitable for a working pressure of 59 bars at 21C and pressure tested at 228 bars.
All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution agent should be
interchargeable and of one selected size. More than three cylinders are required, a pilot
cylinder should be provided to activate the discharge valve from each cylinder.
Each container should be equipped with a discharge valve of the solenoid operated type to
discharge, liquid agent at the required rate. Containers with top-mounted valves should have
an internal dip tube extending to the bottom of the cylinder to permit discharge of liquid
phase agent.
Gas cylinders should be located outside of the hazard which it protects wherever possible.
The system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, hazards to personnel,
or failure of any supervised device and complying with M.S.1404 and B.S.7273. A positive
alarm and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operated.
A device should be incorporated into the system to shut down any exhaust fans and activate
solenoid operated curtains across louvres before discharge.
Since a remote manual control should be a manual pull box type, a pressure switch in the
discharge pipe may be required to provide the signal back to the control panel that the carbon
dioxide gas has been discharged.
Discharge nozzles should be selected for use wish carbon dioxide and for their discharge
characteristics. For low pressure storage, nozzle pressure should be 1034 kPa minimum and
for high pressure storage, the nozzle should be 2068 kPa.
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Discharge nozzle should be permanently marked to identified the nozzle and to show the
equivalent single orifice diameter regardless of shape and number of orifice.
The audio unit should produce an audible warning at least 65dB noise level or 5dB above
the ambient noise level. The audio alarm unit of alarm bell type should be of the trembling
and shall operate from the fire alarm panel battery supply.
The material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of non-
combustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room
temperature during the outbreak of the fire.
All piping should be of API Schedule 40 steel pipe for low pressure storage systems. For
high pressure storage system, piping should be of Schedule 40 for 20 mm diameter pipes and
Schedule 80 for 25mm diameter and above.
12.3 INSPECTION
12.4 TESTING
Using smoke bombs, local heaters, or other methods to test operation of the detectors and
sensors.
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Figure 6 : Carbon Dioxide System
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REFERENCES
1) Mark Jaya Sdn. Bhd. (1998), Book of Fire Fighting Maintenance and Procedure.
2) https://www.scribd.com/doc/112841279/Bomba
3)https://www.protec.co.uk/product-page/sprinklers-and-water-mist/product/product/wet-dry-
riser-systems/
4)http://www.fire-protection.com.au/product-menu/gaseous-suppression/carbon-dioxide-
(1)/carbon-dioxide
5)http://www.mfs.sa.gov.au/site/community_safety/commercial/building_fire_safety/fire_fig
hting_systems_and_equipment_in_buildings.jsp#top
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APPENDIX
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