SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION

On
STUDY OF AUTOMOBILE
EXHAUST SYSTEM

Project co- GROUP

ordinator MEMBERS

MR. Dinesh Dubey MAYANK JAGGI

Asst. Prof. (mech) AAQIB JAVED
ALANKRIT VERMA
KARAN THINDH
 Introduction
Exhaust gas or flue gases is emitted as a result of the combustion
of fuels such as petrol, diesel or fuel oil.

A car's exhaust system is responsible for transporting the burned

exhaust, or combustion gases, from its engine and out through the
tail pipe.

An exhaust system is usually tubing used to guide reaction exhaust

gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine . The
entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes
one or more exhaust pipes, depending on the overall system
design.
 Components of exhaust system

The exhaust system may essentially consist of the following components:

Exhaust Manifold

Exhaust Pipes

Catalytic Converter

Muffler

The Tail Pipe

Components
 Exhaust Manifold

An Exhaust Manifold is the upper end of the

exhaust system.

It is attached directly to the side of the engine

and is the first part of the exhaust system to
receive the burned exhaust gases from the car's
engine.

The exhaust manifold burns any fuel that was

inadequately burned by the engine and funnels
it down into the main exhaust system.

Due to high temperatures, Excellent oxidation

resistance, High-temperature strength, Thermal
fatigue properties are required.
 Exhaust Pipes
The exhaust pipes are
responsible for transporting the
burned exhaust gases from the
engine and the exhaust manifold
and funneling them towards the
car's tailpipe.

It can be metal or aluminum.

The pipes are used to create an

effectively sealed pathway.
TYPES OF PIPES
There are basically two types:
Regular pipe
Flexible pipe

Regular exhaust pipe is solid, typically available in straight lengths,

bent configurations and elbows.

Flexible exhaust pipe is flexible enough to bend with road

conditions and accommodate thermal expansion of the system.

The exhaust system may be sealed by welding joints or using

exhaust clamps as a simple, effective way to seal overlapping
pipes.
 Catalytic Converter
A catalytic converter is a device that
uses a catalyst to convert three
harmful compounds in car exhaust
into harmless compounds.
Hydrocarbons - in the form of
unburned gasoline.
Carbon monoxide -formed by the
combustion of
gasoline.
Nitrogen oxides - created when the
heat in the engine forces nitrogen in
the air to combine with oxygen .
 Different Catalysts
There are two different types of
catalyst at work
Reduction Catalyst - first stage
It uses platinum and rhodium to help
reduce the NOx emissions.
Example
2NO => N2 + O2 or 2NO2 => N2 +
2O2
Oxidation Catalyst -second stage
It uses platinum and palladium to help
reduce the unburned hydrocarbons
and carbon monoxide by burning
(oxidizing) them.
Example
2CO + O2 => 2CO2
 Pollutants from Car Exhaust

CO carbon monoxide. The main source of CO in cities is the internal

combustion engine, where it is produced by incomplete combustion.

CO2 carbon dioxide. The internal combustion engine contributes to the

increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere.

NOx nitrogen oxide forms when fuels are burned at high temperatures.

HC hydrocarbons. Much of the hydrocarbon fuel passes through the

process unconsumed and is expelled into the atmosphere along with other
exhaust fumes.

Other pollutants such as C6H6 Benzene and its derivatives and

SO2 sulphur dioxide are also present

 Muffler
Amufflerorsilencer isadeviceforreducing
theamountofnoiseemittedby
theexhaustofaninternalcombustion
engine.

Themainmufflerabsorbs thenoiseofthe
exhaustgasandiscomposedofanouter
shell,innerplates,innerpipes,endplates
andothercomponents.

Itcontainsadeceptivelysimplesetoftubes
thatarefinelytunedtoreflectthesound
wavesproducedbyanenginesothatthey
canceleachotherout.
 Designs of muffler

VectorMuffler-forlargerdieseltrucks,usesmanyconcentric
cones.

SpiralBaffleMuffler-forregularcars,usesaspiral-shaped
bafflesystem.
 TAILPIPE
Thetail pipe isendof
thefinallengthof
exhaustpipewhich
endswithjustastraight
orangledcutwhereit
ventstoopenair.
 Importance of exhaust system

Theexhaustsystemhasthreemajorfunctions:

Tochanneloutthewasteproductsofcombustionoutoftheengine.

Toreducethenoisegeneratedbytheengine.

Tocleanuptheemissionsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.

Toreducethepollutionandtoincreasetheefficiencyoftheengine.
 REFERENCES
1) Multi objective Design Optimization of merging configuration
of an exhaust manifold of a car engine by Masahiro kanazaki
et al.
2) Market Delivery of ultra-low carbon vehicles in UK by Ben
Lane.
3) Low carbon cars by reducing dissipation in hydrogen hybrids
by Kevin Kendall et al.
4)Present and Future Trends of Stainless Steel for
AutomotiveExhaust System by Yoshiharu INOUE and Masao
KIKUCHI submitted in July 2003
5) Automobile engineering by Robert Siegel 2. John R. Howell
Thank You