Chapter 5 answers

At 25oC a sample of He has a volume of 4.00 x 102 mL under a pressure of 7.60 x 102 torr.
What volume would it occupy under a pressure of 2.00 atm at the same T?
P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 V1
V2 =
P2

=
(760 torr )(400 mL)
1520 torr
= 2.00 × 10 2 mL

A sample of hydrogen, H2, occupies 1.00 x 102 mL at 25.0oC and 1.00 atm. What volume would
it occupy at 50.0oC under the same pressure?
It is CRITICAL to convert ANY temperature to KELVIN!!
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298 K T2 = 50 + 273 = 323 K
V1 V2 VT
= ∴ V2 = 1 2
T1 T2 T1
1.00 ×10 2 mL × 323 K
V2 =
298 K
= 108 mL

If we have a 2.5L of a gas at 25°C and 1.5atm, and we increase the temperature by 100 °C and
find the pressure is now 800 torr, what is the new volume?

P1 = 1.5atm P2=800torr * 1atm/760torr = 1.053atm

V1 = 2.5L V2 = ?
T1 = 25°C=25+273.15K=298.15K T2 = T1+100°C = T1 + 100K = 398.15K
Sub these in to the combined law above: 1.5atm*2.5L = 1.053atm*V2
298.15K 398.15K
V2 = 4.76L

A sample of nitrogen gas, N2, occupies 7.50 x 102 mL at 75.00C under a pressure of 8.10 x 102
torr. What volume would it occupy at STP?
V1 = 750 mL V2 = ?
T1 = 348 K T2 = 273 K
P1 = 810 torr P2 = 760 torr
P1 V1 T2
Solve for V2 =
P2 T1

=
(810 torr )(750 mL)(273 K )
(760 torr )(348 K )
= 627 mL
A sample of methane, CH4, occupies 2.60 x 102 mL at 32oC under a pressure of 0.500 atm. At
what temperature would it occupy 5.00 x 102 mL under a pressure of 1.20 x 103 torr?
V1 = 260 mL V2 = 500 mL
P1 = 0.500 atm P2 = 1200 torr
= 380 torr
T1 = 305 K T2 = ?
T1 P2 V2 (305 K )(1200 torr )(500 mL )
T2 = =
P1 V1 (380 torr )(260 mL)
= 1852 K ≈ 1580o C

2.5 moles of a gas occupies 36.5 L at a particular temperature and pressure.

(a) What is the molar volume at this T,P?
36.5 L
Vm = = 14.6 L. mol - 1
2.5 mol

What volume would 50.0 g of ethane, C2H6, occupy at 140oC under a pressure of 1.82 x 103
torr? T = 140 + 273 = 413 K P = 1820 torr (1 atm/760 torr) = 2.39 atm
50 g (1 mol/30 g) = 1.67 mol
nRT
V=
P
(1.67 mol)⎛⎜ 0.0821 L atm ⎞⎟(413 K )
= ⎝ mol K ⎠
2.39 atm
= 23.6 L

Calculate the number of moles in, and the mass of, an 8.96 L sample of methane, CH4, measured
at standard conditions.

n=
PV
=
(1.00 atm )(8.96 L ) = 0.400 mol CH
RT ⎛ L atm ⎞ 4

⎜ 0.0821 ⎟(273 K )
⎝ mol K ⎠
16.0 g
? g CH 4 = 0.400 mol × = 6.40 g
mol
Calculate the pressure exerted by 50.0 g of ethane, C2H6, in a 25.0 L container at 25.0oC.
n = 1.67 mol and T = 298 K
nRT
P=
V
(1.67 mol)⎛⎜ 0.0821 L atm ⎞⎟(298 K )
P= ⎝ mol K ⎠
25.0 L
P = 1.63 atm
One mole of a gas occupies 36.5 L and its density is 1.36 g/L at a given temperature and pressure.
(a) What is its molar mass?
? g 36.5 L 1.36 g
= × = 49.6 g/mol
mol mol L
(b) What is its density at STP?
?g 49.6 g 1 mol
= × = 2.21 g/L
LSTP mol 22.4 L
Can also use use (P/RT) instead of (1 / standard Vm) i.e., 1atm x R /273K

What volume of oxygen measured at STP, can be produced by the thermal decomposition of
120.0 g of KClO3?
1 mol KClO 3 3 mol O 2 22.4 LSTP O 2
? LSTP O 2 = 120.0 g KClO 3 × × ×
122.6 g KClO 3 2 mol KClO 3 1 mol O 2
? LSTP O 2 = 32.9 LSTP O 2

If 20g of nitrogen are combined with excess hydrogen at 200ºC and 1.5atm, what volume of
ammonia will be made? N 2 (s) + 3 H 2 ( g) ⎯
⎯→ 2 NH 3 (g)
200C +273.15 = 473.15K
find n: 20g * (1mol N2 / 28.01 g N2) = 0.7140 mol N2
Vnitrogen = nRT/P
= (0.7140 mol * 0.08206 L.atm mol-1K-1 * 473.15K) / 1.5atm
= 18.48L
V ammonia = 18.48L * (2L NH3 / 1 L N2) = 36.96L
Note you could just find moles N2, then moles ammonia, then find V ammonia.

If 1.00 x 102 mL of hydrogen, measured at 25.0 oC and 3.00 atm pressure, and 1.00 x 102 mL of
oxygen, measured at 25.0 oC and 2.00 atm pressure, were forced into one of the containers at
25.0 oC, what would be the pressure of the mixture of gases?
PTotal = PH 2 + PO 2
= 3.00 atm + 2.00 atm
= 5.00 atm
Note: for each vessel if you know P,V,T you can set up an expression for n, and when the
gases are combined, ntotal = na + nb + nc . If the gases are already in the same container,
then V and T will be the same, so you can just use symbols (V and T) and you'll find if
you carry through the math then they should cancel out. Its often a good idea to leave R
as a symbol too as it may cancel.. but it depends on the exact problem. Don’t overlook
the simple stuff also: if you’ve got grams and the formula, you’ve also got moles of that
gas!
 Calculate the ratio of the rate of effusion of He to that of sulfur dioxide, SO2, at the same T & P.
R He M SO 2
=
R SO 2 M He
64.1 g/mol
=
4.0 g/mol
= 16 = 4 ∴ R He = 4R SO 2
A sample of hydrogen, H2, was found to effuse through a pinhole 5.2 times as rapidly as the same
volume of unknown gas (at the same temperature and pressure). What is the MW of the gas?
R H2 M unk
=
R unk M H2
M unk
5.2 =
2.0 g/mol
M unk
27 =
2.0 g/mol
M unk = 27(2.0 g/mol) = 54 g/mol

If the rate of diffusion of neon gas is 20 g/minute at room temp (25deg C)

what is the rate outside in August? (38 deg C)
R1/R2 = (T1/T2)1/2 25deg C = 298K; 38 deg C = 311K
20g/min / R2 = (298K/311K)1/2 = 0.97888 So R2 = (20g/min) / 0.97888 = 20.4315

Calculate the pressure exerted by 84.0 g of ammonia, NH3, in a 5.00 L container at 200. oC
Using the ideal gas law: 1 mol
n = 84.0 g NH 3 × = 4.94 mol
17.0 g

(4.94 mol)⎛⎜ 0.0821 L atm ⎞⎟(473 K )

P=
nRT
= ⎝ mol K ⎠
V 5.00 L
P = 38.4 atm
Using van der Waal’s equation.

L2 atm
n = 4.94 mol a = 4.17 b = 0.0371 L
mol 2 mol
⎛ n 2a ⎞
⎜⎜ P + 2 ⎟⎟(V - nb ) = nRT ∴
⎝ V ⎠

P=
nRT n 2 a
− 2 P=
(4.94 mol) (0.0821 mol K )(473K )
L atm
−
2
(
(4.94 mol)2 4.17 Lmol
atm
2 )
V - nb V 5.00 L − (4.94 mol)(0.0371 mol )
L
(5.00 L )2

191.8 L atm
P= − 4.07 atm = (39.8 atm − 4.1 atm)
4.817 L
P = 35.7 atm which is a 7.6% difference from ideal