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CHAPTER
5
CAPSULE SUMMARY
Here are some physical examples of first-order systems:
q (t)
A = area
Figure 51 Liquid H (s ) R
level system
h (t) Q (s ) ARs 1
R
q0(t)
x(t)
q
y(t) Y (s ) 1
q Figure 54 Mixing
process X (s ) (V / q)s 1
V
y (t)
Steam or
electricity
Figure 55 Heating T (s ) 1/ ( wC )
w, Ti q
process Q (s ) ( rV /w ) s 1
w, T
(continued)
121
Fluid
y = thermometer
reading
x = fluid temperature Figure 41a Y (s ) 1
Thermometer X (s ) ( mc /hA) s 1
Mercury Glass wall
f f
f ( x , y) f ( xs , ys ) ( x xs ) ( y ys )
x ( xs , ys ) y ( xs , ys )