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sn nc l g, thnh phn cu to ca sn nc

Cu hi 1: Sn nc l g?
Tr li: Sn nc l mt hn hp ng nht, trong cht to mng lin kt vi cc cht
mu to mng lin tc bm trn b mt vt cht. Hn hp c iu chnh vi mt lng
ph gia v dung mi ty theo theo tnh cht ca mi loi sn phm.
Cu hi 2: Ti sao ta nn dng sn?
Tr li: Sn nc l sn phm c nhiu mu sc phong ph a dng. Li c nhng tnh
cht quan trng, bm dnh trn nhiu b mt khc nhau. Chnh v th nn sn c s
dng rt rng ri vi cc mc ch:

Trang tr.

Bo v.

Cc chc nng khc

sn mykolor

Cu hi 3: Sn nc c nhng thnh phn c bn no?


Tr li: Thnh phn c bn bao gm:

Cht kt dnh (cht to mng).

Bt mu/bt n, ph gia.

Dung mi

Cht kt dnh: L cht kt dnh cho tt c cc loi bt mu v to mng bm dnh trn b


mt vt cht. Cht kt dnh s dng trong sn nc c xc nh bi loi sn, kh nng
s dng v mc ch s dng. Cht kt dnh phi bo m v kh nng bm dnh, lin
kt mng v bn mng.

Bt n (Extender): Bt n c s dng trong thnh phn ca sn nhm ci tin mt


s tnh cht sn phm nh; tnh cht mng sn ( bng, cng, mt), kh nng
thi cng, kim sot lng. Cht n thng c s dng nh: Carbonate calcium,
Kaoline, Oxide titan, Talc.

Bt mu (Pigment): Nguyn liu mu s dng trong sn thng l dng bt. Chc nng
chnh ca mu l to mu sc v che ph cho sn. Ngoi ra, mu cn nh hng mt
s tnh cht mng sn nh: bng, bn

Mu gm hai loi: V c v Hu c.

Mu v c (mu t nhin): Tng mu thng ti, xn nhng cho ph cao, bn mu


tt.

Mu hu c (mu tng hp): Tng mu ti sng, cho ph thp, bn mu thp hn


mu v c.

Ph gia: L loi ch s dng vi mt lng rt nh nhng lm tng gi tr s dng, kh


nng bo qun, tnh cht ca mng.

Dung mi: L cht ha tan nha hay pha long sn. c tnh nha trong sn s quyt
nh loi dung mi c s dng.

Cu hi 4: Ngi ta sn xut sn nh th no?


Tr li: tm hiu sn c sn xut nh th no, chng ta s tm hiu qua s cng
ngh sn xut sau y:

PREMIX: L qu trnh trn s b nhm to hn hp ng u, gip qu trnh nghin t


kt qu tt.
NGHIN: L qu trnh ph v kch thc ht nhm t mn theo yu cu sn phm.
LETDOWN: L qu trnh pha long , hon thin sn phm.
LC: L qu trnh loi b tp cht.
Cu hi 5: Cc yu t no nh hng ti cht lng sn ph?
Tr li: Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng nh sau :

Cng tc chun b b mt (x l b mt trc khi sn).

S la chn sn phm.
Qu trnh tin hnh sn.

Cht lng ca sn phm.

Vi bt c 1 yu t no khng t u gy ra nhng nh hng i vi tui th ca lp


sn ph.

sn mykolor

Cu hi 6: Ti sao phi x l b mt?


Tr li: Ti v x l b mt cng tt th kt qu thu c (cht lng mng sn, tui th
mng, gi thnh u t) s cng tt hn. Do bt c vic thi cng sn nh th no,
d ln hay nh, mi hay c, trong hay ngoi, nn gch hay kim loi, cng phi bt u
bng vic chun b b mt. Cc giai on trong qu trnh x l b mt:
Loi b tp cht trn b mt: lp g st, sn c, bi bn, du m
Sa cha cc khim khuyt b mt: trm trt cc l, to b mc bng phng..
Lau sch v kh.

Cu hi 7: Bt trt tng/ bt b l g? Ti sao phi dng bt trt tng?


Tr li: Bt trt tng hay gi l bt b matit l mt loi vt liu xy dng c th s dng
ngay sau khi trn vi nc. Bt trt tng thng uc s dng vi mc ch x l b
mt nhm:
To b mt nhn mn, tng tnh thm m khi hon thin.

Tng bm dnh kt cu mng sn.


Cc thnh phn c bn ca b trt tng gm: Cht kt dnh + Cht n + Ph gia
Cht kt dnh: Gm 2 loi cht kt dnh dng khong (thng l Xi-mng hoc Gypsum)
v cht kt dnh polymers.

Cht n: c s dng tng cng mt s hot tnh, tng vng chc, kh nng thi
cng, chng chy v tng th tch. Cht n thng s dng l Carbonate calcium
Ph gia: L loi nguyn liu chim 1 phn rt nh trong thnh phn nhng ng vai tr
rt quan trng: to cho sn phm mt s tnh cht cn thit; Gi nc cho thi gian ninh
kt; Gip thi cng d dng; Tng thi gian thi cng: Ci thin tnh ng rn v thi gian
ng rn.

Cu hi 8: S sn l g ? Ti sao phi sn theo ng s ?


Tr li: S sn l s hng dn thc hin vic thi cng sn.
S sn c bn: X l b mt > Sn lp sn lt > Sn 2 lp sn ph.
Cng vic thi cng sn cng ging nh vic xy mt ngi nh:

Stt Xy nh Sn tng
1 o mng. X l b mt.

2 Lm mng, dng ct. Ln lt.

3 Xy tng, lp mi. Sn ph.

Do cn tun th ng theo s sn tng tui th lp sn ph.

Cu hi 9: Ti sao phi dng sn lt?


Tr li: Sn lt l lp sn rt quan trng, c c tc dng nh sau:
To bm dnh cho b mt s dng v lp sn ph.

Bo v lp sn ph khng b cc phn ng ha hc xy ra t bn trong nh kim ha,


thm, n mn, trnh cho lp sn ph khng b i mu do kim ha, b vng, bong trc,
hay g st Nh vy lp sn lt lm tng bn cho lp ph.

Cu hi 10: S la chn v cch thc hin sn lt nh th no?


Tr li: V tnh cht quan trng ca lp lt nn khi thi cng lp lt ny phi m bo ton
b b mt c sn. i vi b mt phng, khng c cc khim khuyt c th s dng
bt k dng c no sn nhng i vi b mt li lm, c gc cnh th ta phi chn la
dng c thi cng cho ph hp.

V d: i vi b mt btng c th s dng rul hay c thi cng nhng i vi b


mt kim loi th nn dng sng phun sn hay c. C sn phm c nhiu loi sn lt i
km vi n. Tuy nhin trong mt s iu kin nhm tng tnh s dng th ngi ta c th
s dng loi sn lt thch hp khc.

Cu hi 11: S la chn sn ph v cc phng php thi cng?


Tr li: Lp sn ph phi c kh nng trang tr v bo v, chu c iu kin mi
trng hay nhng yu cu khc. V vy ty theo yu cu ca cng trnh m ta la chn
loi sn ph.

Cc phng php thi cng sn ph: Ln bng Rul /Qut sn bng c / Phun sn bng
sng phun/ Trt sn/ Nhng sn. Cc la chn phng php thi cng ph thuc vo loi
sn v iu kin b mt.

Cu hi 12: C nn s dng sn phm cng h thng cho mt cng trnh hay


khng?
Tr li: Nn s dng sn phm cng h thng v nh sn xut thit k h thng sn
phm c s tng thch nhm m bo cht lng ti u nht.

Cu hi 13: Sn ni tht v sn ngoi tht khc nhau nh th no? C cch no


phn bit khng?
Tr li: Sn ni tht c s dng cho bn trong nh. Loi sn ny t c kh nng chng
ru mc, khng chu tc ng ca mi trng.

Sn ngoi tht l loi sn s dng cho bn ngoi cng trnh. Loi sn ny c kh nng
chng ru mc, chu tc ng ca mi trng.

Nu dng sn ni tht cho bn ngoi cng trnh th s xy ra cc hin tng nh: Mng
sn b phn ha, mng sn b ru mc, mng sn b ba mu.
Trn bao b ca nh sn xut u ghi r loi sn ni tht hay ngoi tht. V vy ta nn
xem k bao b.

Cu hi 14: Thi gian lu tr ca sn ph thuc vo yu t no? Cch bo qun


nh th no?
Tr li: Thi gian lu tr ca sn ph thuc vo cht lng ca sn cha trong thng v
thi hn bo qun.

Cch bo qun nh sau: thng sn thng ng, np thng phi y kn. Tn tr ni


thong mt, trnh ni c nhit cao.

Cu hi 15: Tui th ca lp sn l bao lu? Ph thuc vo iu kin g?


Tr li: Tui th ca lp sn ph thuc vo iu kin thi cng v chng loi sn phm.
Thng thng cc loi sn cao cp dng ngoi tri c tui th ti a l 8 nm. Sn ni
tht c tui th t 3 8 nm.

Cu hi 16: Cc mu sn c khc nhau v gi thnh khng? C th t mu theo


mun khng?
Tr li: Mu sn ph thuc vo loi nguyn liu mu c s dng v cng mu. V
th s c s chnh lch gi gia mu thng v mu c bit. Ch cn c mu mu th
hon ton c th t mu theo yu cu.

Cu hi 17: Mu sn thc t c ging trn bng mu khng ? Mu sn c b phai


theo thi gian khng?
Tr li: Mu trn bng mu v mu trn thc t c s chnh lch cht t v cn ph thuc
vo k thut in n. Thng thng mu trn thc t s m hn mu trn bng mu mt
cht v do mu thc t c sn trn din tch rng hn. Ngoi ra mu trn bng mu
sng hn hay m hn li ph thuc vo loi mu, khng gian v nh sng.
Di tc ng ca mi trng th mu sc s phai dn theo thi gian. Cht lng v
bn mu ph thuc vo cht lng sn phm, iu kin b mt v iukin thi cng.

Cu hi 18: Cc bc chn mu ph hp cho ngi nh nh th no? Cc nguyn


tc phi mu hi ha, nh ?
Tr li: Khng c lut trong vn mu sc v n ph thuc vo v s cm nhn ca
mi ngi. Sau y l cc bc c bn gip bn c th chn c mu sc m bn ng :

u tin cn chn mu chnh cho cn phng, da trn mu chnh ny m ta c s la


chn phi mu.

S phi hp hi ha mu sc tng th cn phng l quan trng. Ngoi vn s hi ha


mu sc ca tng, trnbn phi n sn nh v mu sc ca c m bn t
trong phng.

Bn chn mu theo bng mu ca nh sn xut. Bn nn xem bng mu bng nh sng


ban ngy v c ban m c th thy c nh mu thay i.
Sau cng bn nn mua 1 lng sn nh nht ca nh sn xut sn th. Lc ny bn
s c s la chn ng nht khi thy mu sn c th hin trn tng.
Bn nn lu vi mu bn chn trn bng mu s m hn khi ln trn din tch rng.

Cu hi 19: Mu sc c nh hng ti kch thc ca cn phng hay khng?


Tr li: Thng thng mu nng m nh mu , mu cam v mu vng to cm gic
khng gian b thu hp li. Cc mu ny coi nh mu ng v n ni bt v p ngay vo
mt. Ngc li cc mu xanh dng, xanh l v mu tm to cm gic khng gian rng
hn v y l mu tnh. Tuy nhin i vi nhng mu nh xanh m cng to ra cm gic
phng nh li. Cc cn phng nh nn chn cc mu sc trng, nh, n ha to cm
gac rng cho cn phng.
Cu hi 20: ph l g? Lm cch no xc nh lng sn cn thi cng?
Tr li: ph l s mt vung m 1 lt hoc 1 kg sn c th ph c. Cch xc nh
lng sn cn dng l u tin ta phi xc nh chnh xc din tch b mt cn sn, sau
ta tra cu v ph ca loi sn m nh sn xut ghi trong hng dn s dng. T
ta c th xc nh c lng sn cn s dng.
Cu hi 21: Ti sao li phi thi cng t nht 2 lp sn ph?
Tr li: Cht lng v s ng mu ca mng sn khi ln 2 lp ph lun tt hn ln 1
lp. Sn 1 lp khng m bo s che lp u trn b mt.

Cu hi 22: Pha nhiu nc th c nh hng ti cht lng ca sn nc hay


khng?
Tr li: Khi pha long nhiu hn lng cho php ca nh sn xut th cht lng mng
sn s yu i, do d b phn ha, ru mc v khi thi cng s kh hn v sn b chy
do sn b long qu.
Cu hi 23: Khi thi cng th c cn tun th ng thi gian sn cch lp khng?
Tr li: Phi tun th ng thi gian sn cch lp m bo cht lng. Thi gian
c th x dch i cht do thi tit nhng phi m bo lp trong kh. Nu lp sn
bn trong cha kh m sn lp k tip s xy ra cc hin tng nh mng sn b nhn,
nt, khng u mu
Cu hi 24: Dng sn trng ln thay cho sn lt c khng?
Tr li: Khng dng sn trng thay cho sn lt v sn trng khng c tnh nng cn thit
ca sn lt nh: to ra lp bm dnh gia b mt v lp sn ph, kh nng chng kim,
chng , bo v lp sn ph.

Cu hi 25: Dng xi mng trng thay cho sn lt c khng?


Tr li: Khng dng ximng trng thay cho sn lt v sn trng khng c tnh nng cn
thit ca sn lt nh: to ra lp bm dnh gia b mt v lp sn ph, kh nng chng
kim, chng , bo v lp sn ph.

Cu hi 26: B mt tng sn c, khi sn mi li th c cn sn lt khng?


Tr li: Nu lp sn c cn tt, ch cn ch nhm s qua, lm v sinh b mt l c th ln
lp sn mi. Nu lp sn c b bong trc th phi x l b mt v dng loi sn thch hp
sn li.

Cu hi 27: Sn ni tht c kh nng chng thm khng?


Tr li: Sn ni tht ch c tnh cht trang tr, khng c kh nng chng thm.

Cu hi 28: B mt tng b nt c th ln ln vt nt khng?


Tr li: Nu vt nt nh th c th sn ln vt nt. Nu vt nt rng th phi x l b
mt, sau mi sn.

Cu hi 29: Dng sn nc ln ln b mt sn alkyd c khng ?


Tr li: Khng dng sn nc ln trn b mt sn alkyd (*).

(*) Alkyd l sn cngnghip c sn xut trn c s nha alkyd, bt mu chng r,


dung mi v cc ph gia. Sn c kh nng bm dnh cao b mt nn. Dng sn lt
chng r cho cc kt cu thp, cu kin nh xng v cc cng trnh khng thng xuyn
tip xc vi nc.
Cu hi 30: Cch tiu biu thc hin sn mt cn phng nh th no?
Tr li: Cc bc thc hin nh sau; Sn trn (sn nc) > Sn tng (sn nc) >
Sn ca i (sn du) > Sn ca s (sn du) > Sn chn tng (sn nc).

Cu hi 31: S khc nhau gia cc loi sn Flat (m), Satin hay Semi-gloss (bn
bng) v sn Gloss (bng) nh th no?
Tr li: Sn Flat (m) thng khng c kh nng chng bn, khng chi ra c.

Sn hon thin Satin hay Semi-gloss (bn bng) d lm sch v thch hp cho cc chi tit
ngh thut cao. Nn sn loi sn ny trong nh tm, nh bp.

Sn Gloss (bng) c sng v chi ra c. Nn sn loi sn ny cho ca, cu


thang

Cu hi 32: C th ln sn du ln b mt mastic cho sn nc hay khng?


Tr li: C th. Lu kh nng chu kim ca sn du yu hn sn nc nn mng sn
d b ph hy. Kh nng co dn ca sn du trong mi trng m nhiu ca b mt tng
khng tt nn mng sn d b bong trc, mng sn hay b mm.

Cu hi 33: Ti sao khng nn thi cng sn khi tri ma hoc tri qu nng?
Tr li: Khng nn thi cng sn khi tri ma v tri ma lm nhit khng kh gim,
m cao lm nh hng ti thi gian kh ca mng sn. Khng nhng th tri ma cn
gy ra hin tng b nhm tng, s xy ra hin tng bong trc mng sn sau ny.
Trong trng hp tri ma m bn trong cng trnh tng khng b thm nc th c th
ln sn bn trong c.

Khng nn thi cng khi tri qu nng v khi thi cng, sn cn trong trng thi lng mt
thi gian nht nh thm vo b mt vt cht v bm dnh trn b mt nn tri qu
nng v nhit cao lm dung mi bc hi nhanh dn n hin tng mng sn d bong
trc o bm gim, dn n mng sn d b dn nt do bin i t ngt v trng thi.

Cu hi 34: Ti sao ta phi phn bit bt trt tng trong nh v ngoi tri? C
cch no phn bit?
Tr li: Tc ng ca thi tit v kh hu ca ni tht v ngoi tht khc nhau.

Bt trt tng ngoi tri ngoi vic chu nh hng trc tip ca nhit v m vi
bin rt ln n cn chu tc ng ca nh nng mt tri (lp sn ngoi khng kh
nng ngn hon ton tia cc tm).

Ngoi ra n cng chu tc ng trc tip ca ngoi lc (p lc ca git ma) v nu lp


sn ph khng c kh nng chng thm th bt trt tng cn b ngm nc sau khi ma.
Cc nh hng nu trn th li t hn nhiu so vi ni tht.

Ngc li, bt trt tng trong nh c nguy c chu m cao khi m khng kh cao.

V tt c nhng iu trn m nh sn xut thit k 2 loi sn phm bt trt tng trong


nh v bt trt tng ngoi tri. Cn c k trn bao b phn bit bt trt tng trong
nh v ngoi tri.

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