ILLNESSES AND DISEASES

HEALTH CARE
Medical care of any type in our country is free of charge, although there are now many private
doctors. We do not pay for prescriptions or for some medicines. But for other medicines, especially for
those from abroad, we must pay.
For a long time the state has been looking after each of its citizens - even before birth - under
the scheme called Mother and Child Care. There are medical checkups before the child is born and
maternity ward services.
As to financial help after giving birth, mothers get benefits for three years after the birth of a
child. For the first 26 weeks she gets 90 per cent of her pay and for the rest of her maternity leave she
gets fewer benefits.
Then comes medical and social care during the pre-school and school age, up to old age. The
term "free medical care" includes any type of medical treatment - from seeing your doctor because of
a common cold to the most complicated operation. The Health insurance system is undergoing some
changes at present.
Employers pay health insurance for their employees but everybody can pay extra money for
his/her health insurance. Private people must buy their health insurance themselves.
If we fall ill or if we have an accident, we go to the Health Centre, Policlinic, Hospital or to
some Private Doctor. Many factories and offices have their own doctors. To improve the situation and
promote the competition we can choose our doctors now.
There are various types of medical treatment for our different types of troubles. Doctors may
ask you to strip to the waist before he/she examines your chest and throat. They check our blood
pressure, feel the pulse or put our blood or urine through lab-tests to take for example a blood-count.
Sometimes they may X-ray our lungs or bones. We must go through many types of vaccination during
our lives. Dentists may check our teeth and sometimes pull out one of them or drill and fill them. For
older people they sometimes fit bridges on their teeth or make dentures. Doctors usually prescribe
some medicines to us - pills, antibiotics, gargling, eye-wash, sleeping pills, ointments or they tell us to
go on a diet. After operations, scars remain on our bodies.
There are various types of physicians who treat various diseases and disorders. They are e.g.
GP (general practitioners), dentists, surgeons, interns, oculists, paediatricians, gynaecologists,
psychiatrists, dermatologists, ear and throat specialists, orthopaedic specialists etc.
Each person should undergo a regular check-up at least once a year. However we usually go
to see our doctor when we do not feel well or have a temperature.
We can suffer from various illnesses beginning with common children diseases such as:
measles, chicken pox, mumps, scarlet-fever, otitis. Usually we suffer from common infections such as
cold, flu, angina, indigestion, diarrhoea or constipation. In such cases we stay in bed, drink herbal
teas, take pills, drops or vitamins and after a week or two we feel well again.
However the situation may sometimes be more serious and needs special treatment in the
hospital, e. g. heart attack, appendicitis, breaking an arm or leg, animal or snake bite, severe bleeding,
poisoning, unconsciousness or in the case of some real dangerous disease such as tuberculosis,
anaemia, pneumonia, leukaemia, diabetes, hepatitis etc. The doctors' care must be very attentive
because human life is in danger. It is the same situation with all possible operations and surgeon
interferences. It is enough to say that there are still diseases which cannot be cured such as cancer or
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
There are also many other problems which do not help avoid or prevent health problems (e.g.
extreme poverty of many people all around the world, large sums of money put toward armament
instead of health insurance, the human environment is spoilt, we do not live in balance with nature).
It is true that prevention is better than a cure. In other words, the best way to cure yourself of a
disease is not to catch it. We should try to live a healthy way of life, which means we should have a
good proportion of work to leisure time, between our sleep and up time, to keep our mental state in
order. We should practise sports, at least swim or go for walks, we should eat healthy food with lots of
vitamins, we should not smoke, drink too much alcohol, become drug addicts or change our intimate
friends too often. Generally speaking we should lead such a way of life to keep our mind and body in a
perfect state and balance.
 The World Health Organization, which is a specialized agency of the UN dealing with health
and living conditions, and came into existence on 7th April 1948 (the annual World Health Day), has
defined health as a state of physical and social prosperity and not only the absence of disease.
In Britain, the National Health Service (NHS) provides free health care to all people in the
country. Everybody is free to choose a general practitioner (GP) in his own home area and be
registered on his list. In towns it is usual for three or four GPs to join together in partnership and thus
share the cost of expensive medical technology.
If you need special treatment, the doctor will send you to see a specialist at the local hospital. In
an emergency, you can call an ambulance by dialling 999 from any telephone. In England, the
companies also pay insurance for their employees and the government for other people.
In the United States, there are two different types of health insurance. Most people have private
health insurance. If you have a fractured arm, a heart attack, or even a blister, it is possible to choose
your doctor and have treatment. You pay the doctor, and then send the bill for the treatment to your
insurance company. They will then send you the money. The problem is that private health insurance
is expensive, especially for treatment that needs specialists, such as treatment for heart attacks. If
one is poor, the government will pay the doctor for treatment. Many people, however, are not poor, but
do not have the money to pay for private health insurance because it is very expensive. If they fall ill,
they must pay for it themselves. This is a big problem now in the USA, because a hospital must take
care of people, if they fall very ill, even if they do not have the money, and this is difficult for many
hospitals.
VOCABULARY
ILLNESES
nemoc illness (ilnis)
choroba, nemoc disease (di,zi:z)
porucha, pote disorder (dis'o:dc)
mysl a tlo mind and body (maind Fnd bodi)
nehoda, netst accident ('Fksidcnt)
prevence prevention (pri'vencn)
prohldka check-up (ekap)
zdrav zpsob ivota healthy way of life (hel2i wei cv laif)

AIDS, syndrom imunitn nedostatenosti Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom

angna tonsillitis (tonsi'laitis)
bezvdom unconsciousness (an'koncsnis)
cukrovka diabetes (,daic'bi:ti:z)
dtsk obrna polio (pculicu)
ekzm tetter (tetc)
chipka flu, influenza (flu:, ,influ'enzc)
chudokrevnost anaemia (c'ni:mic)

infekce infection (in'fekcn)

ischias sciatica (saiFtikc)
jizva scar (ska:)
kla hernia (hc:nic)
ledvinov kameny kidney stones (kidni stcunz)
leukmie leukaemia (lu:'ki:mic)
mrtvice stroke (strouk), apoplexy ('Fpcpleksi)
nespavost insomnia (insomnic)
nevolnost indigestion (indidescn)
operace operation (,opc'reicn)
otrava krve blood poisoning (blad poizcni;)
otes mozku concussion (kcn'kan)
plan netovice chicken-pox (ikin-poks)
plotnky slipped discs (slipt disks)
pohlavn nemoci V.D.; Venereal diseases (vi,nicricl)
potrat abortion (cbo:n)
prostata prostate (prcsteit)
prjem diarrhoea (daic'ric)
punice mumps (mamps)
rakovina cancer (kFnsc)
senn rma hay fever (hei fi:vc)
spla scarlet fever (ska:lct fi:vc)
spalniky measles (mi:zlz)
srden mrtvice heart failure (ha:t feiljc)
srden zchvat heart attack (ha:t ctFk)
tuberkulza TB, tuberculosis (tju,bc:kjulcusis)
tyfus typhoid (taifoid)
eh sunstroke (sanstrcuk)
ved ulcer (alsc)
vyrka rash (rF)
vysok krevn tlak high blood-presure (hai blad prec)
zcpa constipation (,konsti'pein)
zpal mozkovch blan encephalitis (ensefc'laitis)
znt prduek bronchitis (bron'kaitis)
znt stedniho ucha inflammation of the middle ear, otitis (,inflc'mein),
(ou'taitis)
znt jater hepatitis (hepctaitis)
zpal plic pneumonia (nju'mcunjc)
zpal slepho steva appendicitis (cpendi'saitis)
zkrt diphtheria (dif2icric)
zhoubn ndor malignant tumor (mc'ligncnt tju:mc)
zlomenina fracture (frFkc)
loutenka jaundice (do:ndis)
lunkov zchvat bilious attack (biljcs c'tFk)
luov kameny gall stones (go:l stcunz)

TYPES OF PHYSICIANS
medical treatment, cure ('medikl 'tri:tmcnt) lba
dentist (dentist) zuba, zubn lka
dermatologist (,dc:ma'tolcdist) dermatolog, kon lka
ear and throat specialist (icr Fnd 2rout ... ) un a krn lka
general practitioner (dencrcl prFk'ticnc), G.P. praktick lka, obvodn lka (G.P.)
gynaecologist (,gaini'kolcdist) gynekolog
oculist (okjulist) oftalmolog, on lka
orthopaedist (o:*cu'pi:dist) ortopd
internist (in'tc:nist) internista, lka pro choroby vnitn
paediatrician (,pi:dic'tricn) pediatr, dtsky lka
psychiatrist (sai'kaictrist) psychiatr
surgeon (sc:dcn) chirurg

SOCIAL CARE
benefit ('benifit) dvka, podpora
- injury benefit (indcri) - razov pojitn, dvky
- maternity benefit (mc'tc:niti) - matesk pspvek
- sickness benefit (siknis) - nemocensk dvky
- unemployment benefit ('anim'ploimcnt) - podpora v nezamstnanosti
- widow benefit (widou) - vdovsk dchod
family allowances ('fFmili 'claucnsiz) rodinn pdavky
maternity leave (mc'tc:niti li:v) matesk dovolen
insurance (in'ucrns) pojitn
- buy insurance (bai in'ucrns) platit si pojitn
invalidity pension (,invclidcti pencn) invalidn dchod
retirement pension (ritaicmcnt pencn) starobn dchod

VERBS
check (ek) kontrolovat, prohlet
deal (di:l) zabvat se nm
drill (dril) vrtat zub (i vrtaka, vrtk)
examine (ig'zFmin) vyetit, prohldnout pacienta
feel the pulse (fi:l *c pals) nahmatat, zmit tep
fill (fil) zaplombovat zub
keep (ki:p) udrovat
prevent (pri'vent) chrnit, pedchzet
put through lab-tests dt na rozbor
pull out (pul aut) vythnout zub
strip (strip) svlknout se, svlknout
suffer from (safc frcm) trpt m
undergo (andc'gcu) podstoupit, podrobit se
x-ray (eksrei) rentgenovat (taky paprsek)
PICTURE DICTIONARY
HUMAN BODY 1
*
1 head
2 face
3 moustache
4 beard
5 back
6 arm
7 hand
8 leg
9 foot, feet

**
10 neck
11 throat
12 shoulder
13 chest, breast
14 stomach
15 bottom
16 knee

***
17 armpit
18 elbow
19 waist
20 hip
21 thigh
22 calf
23 genitals

HAND

24 finger
25 thumb
26 wrist
27 fingernail, nail
28 palm

FOOT

29 toe
30 toenail, nail
31 ankle
32 heel
33 sole
34 instep
HUMAN BODY 2
*
1 hair
2 eye
3 nose
4 ear
5 mouth
6 tooth, teeth
7 lip
8 tongue
9 chin

**
10 cheek
11 forehead

***
12 eyebrow
13 eyelashes
14 temple
15 jaw

INSIDES

16 brain
17 heart
18 lung
19 liver
20 kidney
21 vein
22 muscle
23 stomach
24 windpipe
25 intestines
26 bladder
27 artery
28 appendix

SKELETON

29 rib
30 skull
31 collarbone
32 shoulder blade
33 breastbone
34 spine
MEDICAL SERVICE
HOSPITAL

1 nurse, male nurse

2 doctor, general
practitioner, G.P.
3 patient
4 bed, hospital bed
5 ambulance
6 bell-push
7 X-ray
8 get well card
9 stethoscope
10 operating table
11 surgeon
12 wheelchair
13 crutch
14 sling
15 bandage
16 plaster, adhesive
bandage
17 plaster, plaster of
paris bandage

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

18 thermometer
19 pills, tablets
20 capsule
21 medicine
22 ointment
23 instrument trolley
24 syringe
25 dropper
26 spatula
27 scalpel
28 tweezers
29 scope
30 blood pressure
gauge

DENTIST

31 dentist
32 dentists nurse
33 dentists chair
34 drill
35 operating lamp
36 cotton wool roll
37 mirror
PHRASES
AT THE DOCTORS
Jak se dnes ct? How are you feeling today?
- Nectm se moc dobe. - I am not feeling too well.
- Nejsem ve sv ki. - I am not of sorts.
- Nectm se dobe. - I feel off colours. i FEEL UNWELL.
- Ctm se patn. - I am feeling ill.
- Ctm se pod psa. - I feel under the weather.
- Ctm se dobe. - I feel fine.
- Nic mi nen. - I am all right.
Co je s tebou? Whats the matter with you?
Co se ti stalo? What happened to you?
Nen ti dobe? Are you not feeling well?
Co t trp? What is troubling you?
Nevypad dobe. You dont look well.
Jsi trochu bled. You are a bit pale.
- Bol m hlava. - I have a headache.
- Bol m bicho. - I have a stomachache.
- Bol m v krku. - I have a sore throat.
- Bol m ucho. - I have an earache.
- Bol m zub. - I have a toothache.
- Bol m v zdech. - I have a backache.
I have a pain in my back.
My back aches / hurts.
- Bol m u srdce. - I have a pain in my heart.
- Bol m lunk. - I have pain in my gall-bladder.
- Mm pote s - I have trouble with my
- Mm bolavou nohu. - I have a sore leg.
- Mm rmu. - I have a cold.
- Mm silnou rmu. - I have a bad cold.
- Kalu. - I have a cough.
- Mm rmu. - I have got a runny nose.

- Je mi mdlo. - I feel faint.

- To se mi hlava. - I feel dizzy.
My head is spinning.
- Chce se mi zvracet. - I feel sick.
- I feel like vomiting.
- Bodla m vosa. - I was stung by a wasp.
- Mm zvenou teplotu. - I have a raised temperature.
- Mm horeku. - I have a fever.
- Siln se potm. - I perspire a lot.
- Upadl jsem. - I fell down. I have fallen over.
- Odel jsem se. - I have bruised myself.
- Zlomil jsem si nohu. - I have broken my leg.
- Vymknul jsem si kotnk. - Ive sprained my ankle.
- Uhodil jsem se do nohy. - I hit my leg.
- Poplil jsem si ruku. - I have burned my hand.
- Spadlo mi nco do oka. - Something has fallen into my eye.
- Splil jsem se na slunci. - I have got sunburn.
- patn spm. - I am sleeping badly.
- Nemohu usnout. - I cannot get to sleep.
- Nemm chu k jdlu. - I have no appetite.
- Mm prjem. - I have diarrhoea.
- Mm zcpu. - I have constipation.
- Nemohu se nadechnout. - I cant catch my breath.
- Hrozn krvcm. - I am bleeding awfully.
- Nemm chu k jdlu - I have lost my appetite.
- Mm vysok tlak. - I suffer from high blood pressure.
- Je na to lk? - Is there a cure for it?
Zavolejte lkae. Call for a doctor.
Zavolejte mi, prosm, lkae. Call me a doctor, please.
Kdy ordinuje lka? When is the doctor in attendance?
Musm se objednat? Do I have to make an appointment?
Mete m objednat na ztra rno? Can I make an appointment for tomorrow morning?
Jsem objednn u... I have got an appointment with...
Posate se v ekrn. Take a seat in the waiting room, please.
Dal! Next, please!
Musm jt na (preventivn) prohldku. I must go for a (general) check-up.
Musm si zmit teplotu. I must take my temperature.
Kde vs bol? Where do you feel the pain?
Muste leet deset dn. You have to stay in bed for ten days.
Muste dret psnou dietu. You will have to keep a strict diet.
Pedepu vm njak tablety. I will prescribe you some tablets.
Zmm vm teplotu. Ill take your temperature.
Udlme krevn test. Well do a blood test.
Za tden pijte na kontrolu. Come for a check-up in a week.

AT THE CHEMISTS
lkask pedpis medical prescription (medikl pris'kripn)

Kde prodvte lky na pedpis? Where do you sell drugs on prescription?

- bez receptu? - without prescription?

Prosil bych nco proti bolestem. I would like something for pains.
I would like some pain-killers.

Dejte mi . Can you give me . ?

- nco na nespavost. - something for insomnia.
- prky pro span. - sleeping pills. ('sli:pi pils)
- nco na bolen zub. - something for toothache.
- njak pilulky na - some pills for (pils)
- njak tablety na - some tablets for ('tFblits)
- njak mazn. - some lotion. ('loun)
- nco na menstruan bolesti. - something for menstrual pains.
- kapky do nosu. - nasal drops.
- on kapky. - eye drops.
- borovou vodu. - boric acid. (borik Fsid)
- irok obvaz. - wide compress. (waid 'kompres)
- leukoplast. - elastoplast (i'lFstoplFst)
- dmsk vloky. - sanitary towels. ('sFnitri tauclz)
- tampny. - tampons. (tFmpcnz)
- vatu. - cotton-wool. ('kotn 'wul)
- jednu destilovanou vodu. - one bottle of distilled water.
- bylinkov aj. - herbal tea. ('hc:bcl ti:)
- hemnkov aj. - camomile tea. ('kFmcmail ti:)
- lpov aj. - lime tea. (laim ti:)
- mtov aj. - peppermint tea. ('pepcmint ti:)
- ovocn aj. - fruit tea. (fru:t ti:)
- kloktadlo. - gargling. (ga:gli)
- njakou mast na . - some ointment for (ointment)
- nco na pocen. - something to increase perspiration.
Jak mm ty lky uvat? How should I use the drugs?
- Berte ti tablety denn na lan aludek. - Take three tablets a day on an empty stomach.
- Berte dv tablety tikrt denn - Take two tablets three times a day before meals.
ped jdlem.
- Polknte je cel. - Swallow the tablets whole.
- Cucejte je. - Suck them.
- Tato vodika je jen pro vnj pouit. - This lotion is for external use only.
- Pt kapek na cukr po jdle. - Five drops on sugar after meal.
- Deset kapek do lce s vodou. - Ten drops into a spoon of water.

HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE

Im so healthy...
Im very fit. Jsem velmi fit.
I exercise a lot. Hodn cvim.
Ive got healthy eating habits. Zdrav jm.
I eat a balanced diet. Jm vyvenou stravu.
I avoid red meat. Vyhbm se ervenmu masu.
I havent got a sweet tooth. Nejsem na sladk.
I get plenty of fresh air. Jsem hodn na estvm vzduchu.
I never have to go to the doctors. Nikdy nemusm chodit k lkai.
Im so unhealthy...
I cant stand exercise. Nesnm cvien.
I am a little overweight. Mm troku nadvhu.
I need to change my lifestyle. Musm zmnit ivotn styl.
Ive got a few bad habits. Mm nkolik zlozvyk.
I dont watch what I eat. Nehldm, co jm.
I eat too many snacks. Pli asto mlsm.
I use too much salt / sugar. Moc solm / sladm.
I smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Koum 20 cigaret denn.
I need to give up smoking. Musm pestat kouit.
Diets and me
I am on a diet. Drm (redukn) dietu.
I need to go on a diet. Musm zat dret dietu.
I need to lose weight. Musm zhubnout.
I need to put on weight. Potebuji pibrat na vze.

HOW TO ADDRESS DOCTORS

Lkae / Lkaku oslovujeme v anglitin vtinou pouze Doctor!.
Meme ut i pjmen: Doctor Thomas!.
Vrazy Mr a Mrs (srovn. esk pane doktore) se v oslovench neuvaj.
Slovo doctor jako titul se vdy pe s velkm psmenem: Dear Doctor Thomas...