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7. Simpson GD, Ross MJ, Mckeown DW, Ray DC. Tracheal intubation in
9. Flemming DC, Orkin Fk, Kirby RR. Hazards of tracheal intubation. In:
1997;59(3): 295-9
27(3):207-13
14. Stone DJ, Gal TJ. Airway management. In: Miller RD. Anesthesia 5thed.
15. Rosenbalt WH. Airway management.In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting
RK.Clinical Anesthesia. 5th ed. Philadelphia: William & Wilkins; 2006.
pp. 1247-346
16. Lecanwasam H, Dunn PF. Airway evaluation and management. In: Huford
19. Singh M. Stress response and anesthesia altering the pre and post-
http//www.emedicene.com/article/167309-overview
Saunders;2011. pp.219-25
31. Atmawan DB, Villyastuti YW, Harahap MS. Perbedaan Tekanan Darah,
Laju Jantung dan Rate Pressure Product (RPP) Pada Pemberian Lidokain
32. Jerry AD, Susan AD. Understanding Anesthesia Equipment 5th Edition.
the free encyclopedia; c2014 [updated 2013 Jan 17 ; cited 2014 Feb 16].
Miller_blades.JPG#filehistory
jpgmiller
http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/courses/vmed5412/Lect22.asp
36. Mitchell V, Patel A. Tracheal tubes. In: Chalder I, Pearce A, editors. Core
2005: 57-67
http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/Intubation.htm
2010
Umur
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
Umur
Man n-Whitn ey U 160 .000
Wilcoxon W 350 .000
Z -.59 9
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed) .549
E xa ct Sig. [ 2*(1-tailed a
.563
S ig.)]
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Group ing V ariable : Kelo mpok
BB
T-Test
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
BB > 2 0 detik 19 59. 79 11. 703 2.6 85
< 2 0 detik 19 58. 11 8.7 04 1.9 97
56
BB
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .540
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .467
t-test for Equ ality of t .503 .503
Mea ns df 36 33.2 49
Sig. (2-t ailed) .618 .618
Mea n Differen ce
1.68 4 1.68 4
TB
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
TB
Man n-Whitn ey U 176 .000
Wilcoxon W 366 .000
Z -.13 3
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed) .894
E xa ct Sig. [ 2*(1-tailed a
.908
S ig.)]
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Group ing V ariable : Kelo mpok
57
Crosstabs
ASA * Kelompok
Cross tab
Kelomp ok
> 2 0 detik < 2 0 detik T otal
ASA I Count 10 11 21
Exp ected Count 10. 5 10. 5 21. 0
% within Ke lompo k 52. 6% 57. 9% 55. 3%
% o f To tal 26. 3% 28. 9% 55. 3%
II Count 9 8 17
Exp ected Count 8.5 8.5 17. 0
% within Ke lompo k 47. 4% 42. 1% 44. 7%
% o f To tal 23. 7% 21. 1% 44. 7%
T otal Count 19 19 38
Exp ected Count 19. 0 19. 0 38. 0
% within Ke lompo k 100 .0% 100 .0% 100 .0%
% o f To tal 50. 0% 50. 0% 100 .0%
Chi-Square Tests
Cross tab
K elompo k
> 20 detik < 20 detik T otal
Jenis kel amin Laki-laki Count 8 6 14
E xp ected Count 7.0 7.0 14.0
% within Kelo mpok 42.1 % 31.6 % 36.8 %
% o f Tot al 21.1 % 15.8 % 36.8 %
P erempu an Count 11 13 24
E xp ected Count 12.0 12.0 24.0
% within Kelo mpok 57.9 % 68.4 % 63.2 %
% o f Tot al 28.9 % 34.2 % 63.2 %
T otal Count 19 19 38
E xp ected Count 19.0 19.0 38.0
% within Kelo mpok 100 .0% 100 .0% 100 .0%
% o f Tot al 50.0 % 50.0 % 100 .0%
Chi-Square Tests
T-Test
Std. Error
Mea n N Std. Deviation Mea n
Pair T DS.pre 115 .89 19 11.8 46 2.71 8
1 T DS.1 141 .89 19 26.7 27 6.13 2
Pair T DS.pre 115 .89 19 11.8 46 2.71 8
2 T DS.2 134 .89 19 23.9 12 5.48 6
Pair T DS.pre 115 .89 19 11.8 46 2.71 8
3 T DS.5 126 .68 19 18.5 47 4.25 5
Pair T DS.pre 115 .89 19 11.8 46 2.71 8
4 T DS.10 118 .26 19 12.7 10 2.91 6
Paire d Sa mples Te st
T-Test
Std. Error
Mean N Std. Dev iation Mean
Pair TDS.pre 113. 53 19 12.812 2.939
1 TDS.1 130. 26 19 24.062 5.520
Pair TDS.pre 113. 53 19 12.812 2.939
2 TDS.5 120. 11 19 20.415 4.683
Pair TDS.pre 113. 53 19 12.812 2.939
3 TDS.10 113. 26 19 16.374 3.756
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 TDS.pre & TDS.1 19 .627 .004
Pair 2 TDS.pre & TDS.5 19 .439 .060
Pair 3 TDS.pre & TDS.10 19 .581 .009
Paire d Sa mples Te st
NPar Tests
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
T DS .2 -
T DS .pre
Z -2.6 37 a
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed ) .008
a. B ased on neg ative ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Sign ed Ranks T est
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
T DS.pre > 20 detik 19 115 .89 11.8 46 2.71 8
< 20 detik 19 113 .53 12.8 12 2.93 9
62
T DS.pre
Equal variances Equal variances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .08 3
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .77 5
t-te st for Equ ality of t .59 2 .59 2
Me ans df 36 35. 781
Sig. (2-t ailed) .55 8 .55 8
Me an Differen ce
2.3 68 2.3 68
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
T DS.1 > 2 0 detik 19 141 .89 26. 727 6.1 32
< 2 0 detik 19 130 .26 24. 062 5.5 20
T DS.1
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .594
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .446
t-test for Equ ality of t 1.41 0 1.41 0
Mea ns df 36 35.6 10
Sig. (2-t ailed) .167 .167
Mea n Differen ce
11.6 32 11.6 32
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
T DS .2
Man n-Whitn ey U 134 .000
Wilcoxon W 324 .000
Z -1.3 59
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed) .174
E xa ct Sig. [ 2*(1-tailed a
.181
S ig.)]
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Group ing V ariable : Kelo mpok
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
T DS.5 > 2 0 detik 19 126 .68 18. 547 4.2 55
< 2 0 detik 19 120 .11 20. 415 4.6 83
64
T DS.5
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .000
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .989
t-test for Equ ality of t 1.04 0 1.04 0
Mea ns df 36 35.6 74
Sig. (2-t ailed) .305 .305
Mea n Differen ce
6.57 9 6.57 9
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
T DS.10 > 20 detik 19 118 .26 12.7 10 2.91 6
< 20 detik 19 113 .26 16.3 74 3.75 6
T DS.10
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .266
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .609
t-test for Equ ality of t 1.05 1 1.05 1
Mea ns df 36 33.9 14
Sig. (2-t ailed) .300 .300
Mea n Differen ce
5.00 0 5.00 0
T-Test
Std. Error
Mean N Std. Dev iat ion Mean
Pair HR.pre 79.05 19 8.270 1.897
1 HR.1 86.21 19 12.925 2.965
Pair HR.pre 79.05 19 8.270 1.897
2 HR.2 85.42 19 14.611 3.352
Pair HR.pre 79.05 19 8.270 1.897
3 HR.5 82.11 19 13.042 2.992
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 HR.pre & HR. 1 19 .904 .000
Pair 2 HR.pre & HR. 2 19 .890 .000
Pair 3 HR.pre & HR. 5 19 .644 .003
P aire d Sa mples Te st
NPar Tests
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
HR.10 -
HR.pre
Z -.10 9 a
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed ) .913
a. B ased on positive ran ks.
b. Wilcoxon Sign ed Ranks T est
T-Test
S td. E rror
Mea n N S td. Deviation Mea n
P air HR.pre 77.1 1 19 9.61 4 2.20 6
1 HR.1 85.3 2 19 14.6 37 3.35 8
P air HR.pre 77.1 1 19 9.61 4 2.20 6
2 HR.2 83.8 9 19 15.7 65 3.61 7
P air HR.pre 77.1 1 19 9.61 4 2.20 6
3 HR.5 80.3 2 19 14.5 30 3.33 3
P air HR.pre 77.1 1 19 9.61 4 2.20 6
4 HR.10 76.3 7 19 12.4 02 2.84 5
67
P aire d Sa mples Te st
T-Test
Group Statistic s
Std. Error
Kelompo k N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
HR.pre > 20 detik 19 79.0 5 8.27 0 1.89 7
< 20 detik 19 77.1 1 9.61 4 2.20 6
HR.pre
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .112
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .740
t-test for Equ ality of t .669 .669
Mea ns df 36 35.2 13
Sig. (2-t ailed) .508 .508
Mea n Differen ce
1.94 7 1.94 7
T-Test
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
HR.1 > 2 0 detik 19 86. 21 12. 925 2.9 65
< 2 0 detik 19 85. 32 14. 637 3.3 58
HR.1
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .000
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .995
t-test for Equ ality of t .200 .200
Mea ns df 36 35.4 57
Sig. (2-t ailed) .843 .843
Mea n Differen ce
.895 .895
T-Test
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
HR.2 > 2 0 detik 19 85. 42 14. 611 3.3 52
< 2 0 detik 19 83. 89 15. 765 3.6 17
69
HR.2
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .057
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .813
t-test for Equ ality of t .310 .310
Mea ns df 36 35.7 94
Sig. (2-t ailed) .759 .759
Mea n Differen ce
1.52 6 1.52 6
T-Test
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Me an Std. Deviation Me an
HR.5 > 2 0 detik 19 82. 11 13. 042 2.9 92
< 2 0 detik 19 80. 32 14. 530 3.3 33
HR.5
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .265
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .610
t-test for Equ ality of t .399 .399
Mea ns df 36 35.5 88
Sig. (2-t ailed) .692 .692
Mea n Differen ce
1.78 9 1.78 9
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Test S tatisticsb
HR.10
Man n-Whitn ey U 141 .000
Wilcoxon W 331 .000
Z -1.1 55
A symp. S ig. (2 -tailed) .248
E xa ct Sig. [ 2*(1-tailed a
.258
S ig.)]
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Group ing V ariable : Kelo mpok
T-Test
Std. Error
Mea n N Std. Deviation Mea n
Pair RPP.pre 917 1.42 19 138 9.882 318 .861
1 RPP.1 123 23.05 19 327 7.733 751 .964
Pair RPP.pre 917 1.42 19 138 9.882 318 .861
2 RPP.2 116 89.16 19 348 2.057 798 .839
Pair RPP.pre 917 1.42 19 138 9.882 318 .861
3 RPP.5 104 82.11 19 260 8.639 598 .463
Pair RPP.pre 917 1.42 19 138 9.882 318 .861
4 RPP.10 930 1.00 19 192 4.590 441 .531
71
Paire d Sa mples Te st
T-Test
Std. Error
Mea n N Std. Deviation Mea n
Pair RPP.pre 880 9.47 19 182 9.016 419 .605
1 RPP.1 105 18.68 19 340 8.552 781 .975
Pair RPP.pre 880 9.47 19 182 9.016 419 .605
2 RPP.2 105 92.89 19 305 6.632 701 .239
Pair RPP.pre 880 9.47 19 182 9.016 419 .605
3 RPP.5 977 0.05 19 290 3.928 666 .207
Pair RPP.pre 880 9.47 19 182 9.016 419 .605
4 RPP.10 871 8.26 19 220 2.898 505 .379
72
P aired Sa mples Te st
T-Test
Group Statistic s
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
RPP.pre > 20 detik 19 917 1.42 138 9.882 318 .861
< 20 detik 19 880 9.47 182 9.016 419 .605
RPP.pre
Equal variances Equal variances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .52 0
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .47 5
t-te st for Equ ality of t .68 7 .68 7
Me ans df 36 33. 590
Sig. (2-t ailed) .49 7 .49 7
Me an Differen ce
361 .947 361 .947
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
RPP.1 > 20 detik 19 123 23.05 327 7.733 751 .964
< 20 detik 19 105 18.68 340 8.552 781 .975
RPP.1
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .099
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .755
t-test for Equ ality of t 1.66 3 1.66 3
Mea ns df 36 35.9 45
Sig. (2-t ailed) .105 .105
Mea n Differen ce
180 4.368 180 4.368
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
RPP.2 > 20 detik 19 116 89.16 348 2.057 798 .839
< 20 detik 19 105 92.89 305 6.632 701 .239
74
RPP.2
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .490
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .489
t-test for Equ ality of t 1.03 1 1.03 1
Mea ns df 36 35.4 06
Sig. (2-t ailed) .309 .309
Mea n Differen ce
109 6.263 109 6.263
T-Test
Group Statisti cs
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
RPP.5 > 20 detik 19 104 82.11 260 8.639 598 .463
< 20 detik 19 977 0.05 290 3.928 666 .207
RPP.5
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .211
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .649
t-test for Equ ality of t .795 .795
Mea ns df 36 35.5 94
Sig. (2-t ailed) .432 .432
Mea n Differen ce
712 .053 712 .053
T-Test
Group Statistic s
Std. Error
Kelomp ok N Mea n Std. Deviation Mea n
RPP.10 > 20 detik 19 930 1.00 192 4.590 441 .531
< 20 detik 19 871 8.26 220 2.898 505 .379
RPP.10
Equal vari ances Equal vari ances
assum ed not assumed
Leven e's T est for F .236
Equality o f Va riances Sig. .630
t-test for Equ ality of t .868 .868
Mea ns df 36 35.3 63
Sig. (2-t ailed) .391 .391
Mea n Differen ce
582 .737 582 .737
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