Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TestBankLifeSpanDevelopmentCanadian4thEdition
c1
Student:___________________________________________________________________________
1.Whyhasdevelopmentduringadulthoodonlyrecentlybeenstudied?
A.Previously,fundingforstudieswasusedmainlytoresearchchilddevelopment.
B.Abeliefexistedformanyyearsthatfewchangesoccurinadulthood.
C.Researchersthoughtthatstudyingadultdevelopmentwasimpractical.
D.Anideaexistedthatstudyingadultdevelopmentwasverydifficult.
2.Beforebirth,_________mainlydirectthebrain'sdevelopment.
A.genes
B.zygotes
C.theprefrontalcortex
D.myelination
3.Thelayeroffatcellsthatinsulatesnervecellsandenablesnerveimpulsestotravelquicklyiscalledthe
_________.
A.amygdala
B.synapse
C.parietallobe
D.myelinsheath
4.Thepartofthebrainthatlosesitsabilitytoholdinformationisthe________.
A.temporallobe
B.cerebellum
C.prefrontalcortex
D.amygdala
5.Researcherscalltherapidgrowthandpruningofsynapsesthatoccursduringadolescence_______.
A.exuberance
B.myelination
C.cerebelliance
D.plasticity
6.Thepatternofmovementorchangethatbeginsatconceptionandcontinuesthroughthehumanlifespanis
called_______.
A.Lifespandevelopment
B.plasticity
C.regulation
D.multidimensionality
7.Lifespandevelopmentalpsychologistsunderstandthatdevelopmentis_______becauseitconsistsof
biological,cognitive,andsocioemotionalprocesses.
A.multidimensional
B.multidisciplinary
C.contextual
D.lifelong
8.AsMonicagetsolder,shenoticesthatsheisbetteratsolvingcomplexproblemsbutittakesheralittlelonger
todosomethings.Thisexampledemonstrateshowlifespandevelopmentis________.
A.multisensory
B.multidisciplinary
C.lifelong
D.multidirectional
9.Neglectedchildrenfromimpoverishedhomescanthriveiftheyareplacedinnurturing,stimulating
environments.Thisexampleshowshowdevelopmentis_______.
A.multidisciplinary
B.plastic
C.rubberlike
D.myelinated
10.Theinfluencesthataresimilarforpeopleofaparticularagegroupare____.
A.normativeagegradedinfluences
B.contextualagegradedinfluences
C.normativehistorygradedinfluences
D.nonnormativeinfluences
11.Theintegrationofcomputersandcellphonesintoeverydaylifeisanexampleof_______.
A.normativeagegradedinfluences
B.nonnormativeinfluences
C.contextualagegradedinfluences
D.normativehistorygradedinfluences
12.Becauseitdeterminesaccesstowater,hygiene,healthcare,andsocialservices,_______playsacrucialrole
inlifeexpectancy.
A.plasticity
B.context
C.history
D.multidimensionality
13.Onaverage,Canadianmencanexpecttolivetobeabout80andwomentoabout82.Thisiscalled__.
A.lifeexpectancy
B.nonnormativeexpectancy
C.historicalexpectancy
D.contextualexpectancy
14.Lifeexpectancyinvariouspartsoftheworldrangesfromaslowas________toashighas_________.
A.29.5;80
B.76.1;99
C.68.5;102
D.87.5;92
15.ThemedianageoftheCanadianpopulationisabout40,whichmeans_________.
A.mostCanadiansaregettingyounger
B.halfofthepopulationisolderandtheotherhalfisyounger
C.theaverageageistwotimesgreaterthanthemedianage
D.thefertilityrateishigherforhalfofthepopulation
16.Animportantaspectofcontextis_________.
A.socioeconomicstatus(SES)
B.myelination
C.neuroplasticity
D.generationalinequity
17.Oliviahasjustlearnedtomultiplyby1,2,and3.Thisshows__________development.
A.secondary
B.cognitive
C.physiological
D.socioemotional
18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribestherelationshipbetweenbiological,cognitive,and
socialprocesses?
A.Thethreehavenoeffectononeanother.
B.Thethreeareinterdependentprocesses.
C.Onlybiologicalandcognitiveprocesseshaveaneffectoneachother.
D.Onlycognitiveandsocialprocesseshaveaneffectoneachother.
19.Inlifespandevelopment,atimeframeinaperson'slifethatischaracterizedbycertainfeaturesisreferred
toasa
A.biologicalprocess.
B.cognitivestage.
C.developmentalperiod.
D.phaseofmaturation.
20.Whichofthefollowinglifespanphaseslaststhelongest?
A.adolescence
B.earlyadulthood
C.middleadulthood
D.lateadulthood
21.Allanspendsagreatdealoftimeworkingandtryingtoestablishhiscareer.Healsohasbeenthinkingabout
hisrelationshipwithhispartnerandwhetherornotitcouldleadtoestablishingafamily.AllanisMOSTlikely
in
A.lateadolescence.
B.earlyadulthood.
C.middleadulthood.
D.lateadulthood.
22.Nowthatherkidsareolder,Mariawentbacktouniversitytoexpandhereducationandachievegreater
fulfillmentandsuccessinhercareer.MariaisMOSTlikelyin
A.lateadolescence.
B.earlyadulthood.
C.middleadulthood.
D.lateadulthood.
23.Theperiodofdevelopmentduringwhichschoolreadinessskillsaredeveloped,andmostfreetimeisspent
playingwithfriends,iscalled
A.infancy.
B.earlychildhood.
C.toddlerhood.
D.middlechildhood.
24.Peterissatisfiedwithhiscareerandhomelife.Hehasfinallyreceivedapromotionthatallowshimtospend
muchmoretimewithhisfamily.Heislookingforwardtohelpinghischildrentobecomemature,competent
individuals.Peter'ssituationismostrepresentativeofwhichperiodoflife?
A.earlyadulthood
B.middleadulthood
C.lateadulthood
D.retirement
25.Lifeexpectancyisbestpredictedby
A.chronologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.biologicalage.
D.psychologicalage.
26.Susanhasjustcompletedastandardizedtest.Aneducationalpsychologistcomparesherresultstoothersof
thesamechronologicalagetoarriveather
A.biologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.mentalage.
D.psychologicalage.
27.Neugartenarguesthatoursocietyisbecomingageirrelevantwithrespecttodevelopment.Whichofthe
followingBESTillustratesthisargument?
A.Eventheoldestindividualsinoursocietyareremaininghealthyandactive.
B.Decisionsmadeinearlierdevelopmentalperiodsdonotaffectlaterdevelopmentalperiods.
C.Theissuespeoplemustdealwithrecuratvaryingtimesthroughoutthelifespan.
D.Oursocietyisnowmuchlessprejudicedagainstolderpeople.
28.Neugartenbelievesthatwearebecominganageirrelevantsocietybecause
A.researchersaretakingextremeviewsontheimportanceofstagesofdevelopment.
B.chronologicalageisapoorindexofdevelopment.
C.mostadulthoodthemesarenotuniquetoanyonestageofadulthood.
D.ageisnowdefinedbywhatwedo,nothowoldweare.
29.Whichofthefollowingreferstothetimeelapsedsinceaperson'sbirth?
A.biologicalage
B.chronologicalage
C.socialage
D.psychologicalage
30.Leois65yearsoldandhasjustretired.Hehaslearnedtocopewithhischangeoflifestyleandishighly
motivatedtolearnnewthings.DevelopmentalistswoulddescribeLeoasbeing
A.sociallyyoung.
B.biologicallyyoung.
C.physicallyyoung.
D.psychologicallyyoung.
31.Comparedtotheabilitiesofothersofthesamechronologicalage,aperson'sabilitytosolveproblemsona
standardizedinstrumentiscalled________.
A.Scholasticage
B.Mentalage
C.Socialage
D.Psychologicalage
32.SevenyearoldSusancompletedastandardizedtestandwhenherperformancewascomparedtoherpeers,
shewasassignedanageoften.Theageoftenreferstoher_________.
A.psychologicalage.
B.chronologicalage.
C.mentalage.
D.socialage.
33.Harry'sorgansarequitedamagedfromyearsofalcoholanddrugabuse.His_____islikelytobegreater
thanhischronologicalage.
A.Chronologicalage
B.Biologicalage
C.Psychologicalage
D.Developmentalage
34.Thesocialrolesandexpectationsrelatedtoaperson'sagerefertoaperson's__________.
A.biologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.psychologicalage.
D.historicalage.
35.Haroldisasinglefatherof3youngchildren.TheexpectationsandsocialrolesthataccompanyHarold'sage
areknownas_________.
A.socialage.
B.chorionicage.
C.psychologicalage.
D.historicalage.
36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamajorconcernoflifespandevelopmentalists?
A.whetherdevelopmentalchangeiscontinuousordiscontinuous
B.whetherdevelopmentischaracterizedbystabilityorchangeovertime
C.whetherdevelopmentismostlyinfluencedbynatureornurture
D.whetherdevelopmentinvolvesmanyshortstagesorseverallongerstages
37.Biologyisto__________asenvironmentisto_________.
A.nature;nurture
B.nurture;nature
C.maturation;nature
D.experience;nurture
38.Alexbelievesthatpeopleareprimarilyinfluencedbytheenvironmentandlearnedexperiences,sohe
believes__________playsamostpowerfulroleinhumandevelopment.
A.nurture
B.maturation
C.change
D.nature
39.Apsychologistwhoemphasizestheimportanceofnurtureismostlikelytobeconcernedwithan
individual's
A.geneticmakeup.
B.nutrition.
C.biologicalinheritance.
D.intelligencecapacity.
40.Natureadvocatesarguethat__________ismostimportantinlifespandevelopment.
A.learning
B.biology
C.earlychildhoodexperiences
D.sociologicalfactors
41."It'snouseputtingherinaspecialeducationalprogram,"Misha'sdadexplainspatiently."Shejustcan't
understandthingsverywell.Hergrandpawasthesameway.Wemightaswellgetusedtoitnow."Misha'sdad
seemsto
A.holda"nature"viewofdevelopment.
B.holda"nurture"viewofdevelopment.
C.viewdevelopmentasacontinuousprocess.
D.viewdevelopmentasadiscontinuousprocess.
42.Atheoristbelievesthattheabilitytoengageinthoughtfulreflectivenessisbasedonagradualaccumulation
ofexperiencesacrossmanyyearsratherthanasingleabruptevent.Thistheoristholdsapredominantly
__________viewofdevelopment.
A.changebased
B.stabilitybased
C.continuitybased
D.discontinuitybased
43.Atheoristbelievesthatyoungstersgothroughdistinctstagesofthoughtastheyprogressfromimpulsivityto
thoughtfulreflectiveness.Thistheoristholdsapredominantly__________viewofdevelopment.
A.naturebased
B.nurturebased
C.continuitybased
D.discontinuitybased
44.ProponentsofthestabilitysideofthestabilitychangedebatewouldMOSTendorse
A.thosewhobelievethatthebestpredictoroffutureperformanceispastperformance.
B.developmentalistswhoseeplasticityasanimportantpartofthelifespanissue.
C.thosewhoarguethatlaterexperienceisjustasimportantasearlierexperience.
D.theviewsoflifespandevelopmentexpertPaulBaltes.
45.Suddendistinctchangesingrowth,asexperiencedbyabutterfly,areexamplesofwhatdevelopmental
theme?
A.nature
B.nurture
C.continuity
D.discontinuity
46.Smooth,gradualchangesingrowthareanexampleofwhatdevelopmentaltheme?
A.nature
B.nurture
C.continuity
D.discontinuity
47.WhichstatementBESTresolvesthenaturenurturecontroversy?
A.Natureisclearlymoreimportantindevelopment.
B.Thecombinationofnatureandnurtureisevidentinbraindevelopment.
C.Nurtureisclearlymoreimportantindevelopment.
D.Neitherplaysaparticularlystrongroleindevelopment.
48.Josewasabusedasayoungboy,butdidnotgrowuptobecomeanabuserhimself.Instead,heleadsa
fulfillingfamilylife.Thisisanexampleofwhichcharacteristicofdevelopment?
A.change
B.stability
C.maturation
D.continuity
49.Thecontroversyofstabilityversuschangeiscloselylinkedtothecharacteristicof
A.plasticity.
B.contextualism.
C.multidimensionalism.
D.multidirectionalism.
50.Marjoriewasdiagnosedwithchildhooddepressionandwentontosufferfromdepressionfortherestofher
adultlife.Thisisanexampleofwhichcharacteristicofdevelopment?
A.change
B.stability
C.maturation
D.discontinuity
51.Jessewasphysicallyabusedasaninfant.Hewastakenawayfromhisabuserandraisedinahomewith
lovingadults.Accordingtodevelopmentalistswhoemphasizechange,Jessewill
A.continuetobepsychologicallyscarredbyhisearlierabuse.
B.blockouthisabuseduringchildhood,butreliveitduringadulthood.
C.healfromtheearlierabuseinhissupportiveenvironment.
D.sufferduringadolescencebecauseofhisearlierabuse.
52.Onecontemporaryconcernoflifespandevelopmentalresearchis___________.
A.healthandwellbeing
B.technology
C.astrology
D.politicalconflicts
53.Thebehaviourpatterns,beliefs,andallotherproductsofaparticulargroupofpeoplethatarepassedon
fromgenerationtogenerationis_____________.
A.education
B.healthandwellbeing
C.culture
D.historicalcontext
54.Ashishonoursthesisinpsychology,AndrewplanstocomparehowLebaneseCanadianandFrench
Canadianadolescentgirlsmakecareerandeducationchoices.Hisresearchwouldbeconsidereda
___________.
A.crossculturalstudy
B.genderbasedstudy
C.normativehistoricalresearch
D.contextualhistoricalresearch
55.ThetermPhilippinoCanadianwouldreferto_________.
A.crossculturalaffinity
B.ethnicity
C.generationalinequity
D.geographicaldiscontinuity
56.Evidenceofhowgenderinfluencesmentalhealthcomesfromstudiesthatshow__________.
A.womenseemtobemorepronetodepressionthanmen
B.menandwomensharehouseholdresponsibilitiesequally
C.womenandmenareequallypronetoheartdisease
D.women'ssalariesarelowerthanmen's
57.Providingsafeinjectionsitesforintravenousdruguserswouldbeanexampleof____________.
A.culture
B.ethnicity
C.socialpolicy
D.generationalinequality
58.Whenanagingpopulationunfairlyreceivemoreresources,leavingfewerresourcesforyoungermembers,
thisiscalled_____________.
A.socialpolicy
B.generationalinequality
C.culturalunfairness
D.ageism
59.Aresearcherusesavideocameratorecordchildrenastheyplayonaschoolplayground.Theresearcher
planstocarefullywatchthevideotapelatertocountthechildren'shelpingbehaviours.Thisresearcheris
conductinga
A.casestudy.
B.naturalisticobservation.
C.standardizedtest.
D.multisourcestudy.
60.Observationalmeasureisalwaysconducted
A.inarealworldsettingratherthanalaboratory.
B.inalaboratoryratherthanarealworldsetting.
C.inawaythatissystematicandplannedinadvance.
D.withtheconsentandpriorknowledgeofallpeoplebeingobserved.
61.Dr.Sanjaycollectsdataonhelpingbehavioursbetweenstrangersatamall.Astrengthofthisnaturalistic
observationalapproachisthatit
A.occursinarealworldsetting.
B.involvesastructuredsetofinterviewquestions.
C.allowsforcontrolovertheobservationalsetting.
D.demonstrateshowpeoplebehaveunderthestressofobservation.
62.Dr.Ryder,whowantstoknowwhypeoplefight.Heproposestoputpeopleinalaboratorysettingandhave
aresearchassistantinstigateaheatedargumentamongtheparticipants.Theprimaryweaknessofthisstudyis
that
A.structuredinterviewquestionscannotbeused.
B.itisnoteffectiveforcrossculturalstudies.
C.theresearcherhaslittlecontrolovercriticalvariableslikegenderandage.
D.researcherscannotethicallysubjectpeopletoextremelystressfulsituations.
63.Whenresearcherscollectdatainnaturalisticsettings,theyarerecording
A.hypotheses.
B.observations.
C.statisticalanalyses.
D.theoreticalpostulates.
64.WhenDr.Chenismonitoringchangingfitnesslevelsofschoolchildrenoveranextendedperiodoftime,
usingthesamegroupofparticipants,heisutilizinga
A.sequentialresearchstrategy.
B.crosssectionalresearchstrategy.
C.naturalisticobservationstrategy.
D.longitudinalresearchstrategy.
65.Whichtypeofmethodisbeingusedwhenatelemarketingcompanyrepresentativecallsindividualsonthe
telephonetoasktheiropinionsaboutgovernmentcutbackstoeducation?
A.lifehistoryrecord
B.casestudy
C.naturalisticobservation
D.survey
66.Johnwantstoconductasurveyonpeople'sexperienceswithdomesticabuse.Whatishismainproblem
likelytobe?
A.Thistypeofresearchisveryexpensivetoconduct.
B.Peoplearelikelytoprovidesociallyacceptableresponses.
C.Thisapproachisnotobjective.
D.Thesurveymustbeconductedinacontrolledsetting.
67.WhichresearchmethodisNOTappropriatewhenstudyingalargenumberofpeople?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
68.Aresearcherwantstounderstandthedevelopmentofelderlyadults.Shechoosestostudyoneelderly
womaningreatdetailbytakingfrequentmeasuresofherbehaviour,thoughts,andfeelings.Whichofthe
followingmethodsisthisresearcherusing?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
69.Whichtypeofmeasureallowsaresearchertocompareoneperson'sscorewiththescoresofalargegroupof
similarpeople?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
70.ApsychologistgivesSandyanorallyadministeredanxietytestwith100questionsthataskhertoratehow
anxiousshewouldbeinavarietyofsituations.Sandy'sscoreishigherthan90percentofotheradultstested.
Thisanxietytestisanexampleofa____________.
A.questionnaire.
B.standardizedtest.
C.physiologicalmeasure.
D.laboratoryobservation.
71.Imaginethatyouhaverecordedthenumberofpositivestatementsparentssaytotheirchildrenwhilereading
throughtheirreportcards,andthatyoualsohavegiventhechildrenaselfesteemscalewherehigherscores
representagreaterdegreeofselfesteem.Ifyourtwomeasuresaresignificantlycorrelated,youcouldcorrectly
concludethat
A.negativeparentalfeedbackCAUSESlowselfesteeminchildren.
B.positiveparentalfeedbackCAUSEShighselfesteeminchildren.
C.positiveparentalfeedbackISRELATEDTOselfesteemlevelsinchildren.
D.negativeparentalfeedbackISRELATEDTOlowselfesteeminchildren.
72.Whichtypeofresearchwouldyouuseifyouwantedtodeterminewhetherornotthereisarelationship
betweenpovertyanddrugaddiction?
A.surveyresearch
B.correlationalresearch
C.experimentalresearch
D.observationalresearch
73.Predictinganeventbasedontheobservationofanothereventisabenefitofthe
A.correlationalmethod.
B.longitudinalapproach.
C.crosssectionalapproach.
D.randomassignmenttechnique.
74.WhichisNOTtrueofcorrelationalresearch?
A.Thestrongerthecorrelationbetweentwoeventsthemoreeffectivetheprediction.
B.Thegoalistoidentifythestrengthofarelationshipbetweentwocharacteristics.
C.Twoeventsthatarecorrelatedarealsoassociatedorrelated.
D.Correlationprovidesindicationofcausation.
75.TheresearchdesignthatcanBESTdeterminebehaviouralcausesisthe
A.correlationalstrategy.
B.experimentalstrategy.
C.observationalstrategy.
D.casestrategy.
76.Inanexperiment,theeventbeingmanipulatedisthe__________variable.
A.dependent
B.correlational
C.independent
D.control
77.Randomassignmentisusedinexperimentsbecause
A.itguaranteesthattheresultswillbestatisticallysignificant.
B.researcherswantpeoplefromdifferentsocialclassestobeinseparategroups.
C.researcherswanttohighlightpreexistingdifferencesbetweengroups.
D.researcherswanttominimizepreexistingdifferencesbetweenexperimentalandcontrolgroups.
78.Apsychologistdesignsanexperimenttodeterminetheeffectofeyecontactonchildren'ssmilingbehaviour.
GroupIisexposedto10eyecontactsduringthesessionwhileGroupIIisexposedtonoeyecontactsduringthe
session.Thepsychologistrecordsthenumberoftimesthechildrenineachgroupsmile.Inthisstudy,the
numberof
A.smilesbythechildrenistheindependentvariable.
B.eyecontacts(10vs.0)isthedependentvariable.
C.eyecontacts(10vs.0)istheindependentvariable.
D.smilesbythechildrenisthecorrelationalvariable.
79.Aresearcherisinterestedintheeffectofexerciseonstaminainelderlypatients.Thepatientsarerandomly
assignedtobeinahighexerciseorlowexercisetrainingprogramforeightweeks.Attheendoftheprogram,
theirstaminaismeasuredbyseeinghowlongtheycanwalkcomfortablyonatreadmill.Inthisstudy,the
dependentvariableisthe
A.numberofminutesonthetreadmill.
B.exerciseprogram(highvs.low).
C.ageofthepatient.
D.eightweekdurationoftheexerciseprogram.
80.ProfessorLeBlancwantstoassignsubjectstoexperimentalgroupsinsuchawaythateachsubjecthasan
equalchanceofbeinginanygroup.Sheisassigningindividuals
A.subjectively.
B.randomly.
C.systematically.
D.independently.
81.Seeingtheeffectoftheindependentvariableonthedependentvariableisastrengthofthe
A.longitudinalstrategy.
B.correlationalstrategy.
C.experimentalstrategy.
D.randomassignmenttechnique.
82.WhichresearchstrategyistheBESTfordeterminingcauseandeffectrelationships?
A.experimental
B.correlational
C.observational
D.standardized
83.Tochartthedevelopmentofintelligenceoverthelifespan,researcherstestedtheintelligenceofindividuals
(ranginginagefromchildhoodtooldage)severaltimesoverafiveyearperiod.Whichapproachtothetime
spanofinquirydidtheytake?
A.crosssectional
B.longitudinal
C.sequential
D.cohort
84.Whichresearchapproachallowsagechangesinonecohorttobecomparedwithagechangesinanother
cohort?
A.correlationalstudies
B.crosssectionalstudies
C.sequentialstudies
D.longitudinalstudies
85.Thetypeofstudythatcanbeconductedintheshortestamountoftimeisthe
A.crosslagapproach.
B.sequentialapproach.
C.longitudinalapproach.
D.crosssectionalapproach.
86.TheNationalLongitudinalStudyofChildrenandYouth(NLSCY)isacomprehensivesurveyofCanadians
from
A.birthtoschoolage.
B.elementaryschooltohighschool.
C.gradeninetogradetwelve.
D.birthtoadulthood.
87.Whichresearchdesignwouldallowresearcherstocontrolbestforcohorteffectsindevelopmental
research?
A.crosssectional
B.longitudinal
C.sequential
D.correlational
88.Ifyoustudiedtheattitudesofelderlypeopletoday,youmightfindthatmostbelieveitisbetterforwomen
tostayathomethantowork.Thisattitudeisprobablynotbecausetheyareelderlypersebutbecausetheyall
grewupduringtheearlyandmiddlepartofthecentury.Thisisanexampleofa(n)
A.eticeffect.
B.emiceffect.
C.cohorteffect.
D.correlationaleffect.
89.Whichofthefollowingclinicalpsychoanalystsassertedthatmenandwomenhavedifferingmoraland
psychologicaltendencies?
A.HarrietLerner
B.KarenHorney
C.CarolGilligan
D.JeanBakerMiller
90.Whenresearchersusesurfacelabelslike"Blacks,""Asians,"and"Caucasians",theyunderrepresentthe
differencesthatexistamongpeoplewithinthesameracialgroup.Usingsurfacelabelsliketheseisreferredto
as
A.ethnicgloss.
B.experimenterbias.
C.racegrouping.
D.ethnicinequality.
91.Priortostartingresearchwithhumanparticipants,investigatorsshouldsecureparticipants'
A.demographicinformation.
B.pledgeofconfidentiality.
C.informedconsent.
D.commitmenttoparticipateovertheentirecourseoftheresearch.
92.TheWorldHealthOrganizationisparticularlyconcernedwithalackof
A.validandreliableresearchonhealthtopics.
B.researchinThirdWorldnations.
C.interestinlifespanstudies.
D.interestinmulticulturalisminlifespanstudies.
93.DiscussbrieflyfourcharacteristicsofthelifespanperspectiveasoutlinedbyBaltes.
94.Discusshownonnormativelifeeventscouldinfluencedevelopment.
95.Brieflydefinetheterms"biologicalprocesses","cognitiveprocesses",and"socioemotionalprocesses".
96.Listtheeightlifespandevelopmentalperiods.
97.Identifyandbrieflydescribethefivewaysagehasbeenconceptualized.
98.Brieflydiscussthenaturenurturequestion.
99.Brieflydiscussthecontinuitydiscontinuityissueofdevelopment.
100.Brieflydiscussthestabilitychangeissue.
101.Discusshowgender,ethnicity,andraceformpartofoursocioculturalcontext.
102.Brieflydefinetheterms"theory"and"hypothesis".
103.HowareCorrelationalandexperimentalapproachessimilaranddifferent?
104.Brieflydiscussthesequentialapproachtoresearch.
105.Identifyfourmajormethodsusedtogatherdataaboutlifespandevelopment.
106.Identify5differentmethodsforcollectingdata.
107.Whyarelifespanresearchersespeciallyconcernedaboutcohorteffects?
c1Key
1.(p.5)Whyhasdevelopmentduringadulthoodonlyrecentlybeenstudied?
A.Previously,fundingforstudieswasusedmainlytoresearchchilddevelopment.
B.Abeliefexistedformanyyearsthatfewchangesoccurinadulthood.
C.Researchersthoughtthatstudyingadultdevelopmentwasimpractical.
D.Anideaexistedthatstudyingadultdevelopmentwasverydifficult.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#1
2.(p.2)Beforebirth,_________mainlydirectthebrain'sdevelopment.
A.genes
B.zygotes
C.theprefrontalcortex
D.myelination
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#2
3.(p.3)Thelayeroffatcellsthatinsulatesnervecellsandenablesnerveimpulsestotravelquicklyiscalledthe
_________.
A.amygdala
B.synapse
C.parietallobe
D.myelinsheath
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#3
4.(p.3)Thepartofthebrainthatlosesitsabilitytoholdinformationisthe________.
A.temporallobe
B.cerebellum
C.prefrontalcortex
D.amygdala
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#4
5.(p.3)Researcherscalltherapidgrowthandpruningofsynapsesthatoccursduringadolescence_______.
A.exuberance
B.myelination
C.cerebelliance
D.plasticity
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#5
6.(p.5)Thepatternofmovementorchangethatbeginsatconceptionandcontinuesthroughthehumanlifespan
iscalled_______.
A.Lifespandevelopment
B.plasticity
C.regulation
D.multidimensionality
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#6
7.(p.5)Lifespandevelopmentalpsychologistsunderstandthatdevelopmentis_______becauseitconsistsof
biological,cognitive,andsocioemotionalprocesses.
A.multidimensional
B.multidisciplinary
C.contextual
D.lifelong
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#7
8.(p.5)AsMonicagetsolder,shenoticesthatsheisbetteratsolvingcomplexproblemsbutittakesheralittle
longertodosomethings.Thisexampledemonstrateshowlifespandevelopmentis________.
A.multisensory
B.multidisciplinary
C.lifelong
D.multidirectional
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#8
9.(p.5)Neglectedchildrenfromimpoverishedhomescanthriveiftheyareplacedinnurturing,stimulating
environments.Thisexampleshowshowdevelopmentis_______.
A.multidisciplinary
B.plastic
C.rubberlike
D.myelinated
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#9
10.(p.67)Theinfluencesthataresimilarforpeopleofaparticularagegroupare____.
A.normativeagegradedinfluences
B.contextualagegradedinfluences
C.normativehistorygradedinfluences
D.nonnormativeinfluences
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#10
11.(p.7)Theintegrationofcomputersandcellphonesintoeverydaylifeisanexampleof_______.
A.normativeagegradedinfluences
B.nonnormativeinfluences
C.contextualagegradedinfluences
D.normativehistorygradedinfluences
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#11
12.(p.7)Becauseitdeterminesaccesstowater,hygiene,healthcare,andsocialservices,_______playsacrucial
roleinlifeexpectancy.
A.plasticity
B.context
C.history
D.multidimensionality
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#12
13.(p.7)Onaverage,Canadianmencanexpecttolivetobeabout80andwomentoabout82.Thisiscalled__.
A.lifeexpectancy
B.nonnormativeexpectancy
C.historicalexpectancy
D.contextualexpectancy
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#13
14.(p.8)Lifeexpectancyinvariouspartsoftheworldrangesfromaslowas________toashighas_________.
A.29.5;80
B.76.1;99
C.68.5;102
D.87.5;92
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#14
15.(p.9)ThemedianageoftheCanadianpopulationisabout40,whichmeans_________.
A.mostCanadiansaregettingyounger
B.halfofthepopulationisolderandtheotherhalfisyounger
C.theaverageageistwotimesgreaterthanthemedianage
D.thefertilityrateishigherforhalfofthepopulation
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#15
16.(p.9)Animportantaspectofcontextis_________.
A.socioeconomicstatus(SES)
B.myelination
C.neuroplasticity
D.generationalinequity
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#16
17.(p.10)Oliviahasjustlearnedtomultiplyby1,2,and3.Thisshows__________development.
A.secondary
B.cognitive
C.physiological
D.socioemotional
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#17
18.(p.11)WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribestherelationshipbetweenbiological,cognitive,and
socialprocesses?
A.Thethreehavenoeffectononeanother.
B.Thethreeareinterdependentprocesses.
C.Onlybiologicalandcognitiveprocesseshaveaneffectoneachother.
D.Onlycognitiveandsocialprocesseshaveaneffectoneachother.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#18
19.(p.11)Inlifespandevelopment,atimeframeinaperson'slifethatischaracterizedbycertainfeaturesis
referredtoasa
A.biologicalprocess.
B.cognitivestage.
C.developmentalperiod.
D.phaseofmaturation.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#19
20.(p.12)Whichofthefollowinglifespanphaseslaststhelongest?
A.adolescence
B.earlyadulthood
C.middleadulthood
D.lateadulthood
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#20
21.(p.12)Allanspendsagreatdealoftimeworkingandtryingtoestablishhiscareer.Healsohasbeenthinking
abouthisrelationshipwithhispartnerandwhetherornotitcouldleadtoestablishingafamily.AllanisMOST
likelyin
A.lateadolescence.
B.earlyadulthood.
C.middleadulthood.
D.lateadulthood.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#21
22.(p.12)Nowthatherkidsareolder,Mariawentbacktouniversitytoexpandhereducationandachievegreater
fulfillmentandsuccessinhercareer.MariaisMOSTlikelyin
A.lateadolescence.
B.earlyadulthood.
C.middleadulthood.
D.lateadulthood.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#22
23.(p.11)Theperiodofdevelopmentduringwhichschoolreadinessskillsaredeveloped,andmostfreetimeis
spentplayingwithfriends,iscalled
A.infancy.
B.earlychildhood.
C.toddlerhood.
D.middlechildhood.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#23
24.(p.12)Peterissatisfiedwithhiscareerandhomelife.Hehasfinallyreceivedapromotionthatallowshimto
spendmuchmoretimewithhisfamily.Heislookingforwardtohelpinghischildrentobecomemature,
competentindividuals.Peter'ssituationismostrepresentativeofwhichperiodoflife?
A.earlyadulthood
B.middleadulthood
C.lateadulthood
D.retirement
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#24
25.(p.13)Lifeexpectancyisbestpredictedby
A.chronologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.biologicalage.
D.psychologicalage.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#25
26.(p.13)Susanhasjustcompletedastandardizedtest.Aneducationalpsychologistcomparesherresultsto
othersofthesamechronologicalagetoarriveather
A.biologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.mentalage.
D.psychologicalage.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#26
27.(p.14)Neugartenarguesthatoursocietyisbecomingageirrelevantwithrespecttodevelopment.Whichof
thefollowingBESTillustratesthisargument?
A.Eventheoldestindividualsinoursocietyareremaininghealthyandactive.
B.Decisionsmadeinearlierdevelopmentalperiodsdonotaffectlaterdevelopmentalperiods.
C.Theissuespeoplemustdealwithrecuratvaryingtimesthroughoutthelifespan.
D.Oursocietyisnowmuchlessprejudicedagainstolderpeople.
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#27
28.(p.14)Neugartenbelievesthatwearebecominganageirrelevantsocietybecause
A.researchersaretakingextremeviewsontheimportanceofstagesofdevelopment.
B.chronologicalageisapoorindexofdevelopment.
C.mostadulthoodthemesarenotuniquetoanyonestageofadulthood.
D.ageisnowdefinedbywhatwedo,nothowoldweare.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#28
29.(p.13)Whichofthefollowingreferstothetimeelapsedsinceaperson'sbirth?
A.biologicalage
B.chronologicalage
C.socialage
D.psychologicalage
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#29
30.(p.13)Leois65yearsoldandhasjustretired.Hehaslearnedtocopewithhischangeoflifestyleandishighly
motivatedtolearnnewthings.DevelopmentalistswoulddescribeLeoasbeing
A.sociallyyoung.
B.biologicallyyoung.
C.physicallyyoung.
D.psychologicallyyoung.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#30
31.(p.13)Comparedtotheabilitiesofothersofthesamechronologicalage,aperson'sabilitytosolveproblems
onastandardizedinstrumentiscalled________.
A.Scholasticage
B.Mentalage
C.Socialage
D.Psychologicalage
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#31
32.(p.13)SevenyearoldSusancompletedastandardizedtestandwhenherperformancewascomparedtoher
peers,shewasassignedanageoften.Theageoftenreferstoher_________.
A.psychologicalage.
B.chronologicalage.
C.mentalage.
D.socialage.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#32
33.(p.13)Harry'sorgansarequitedamagedfromyearsofalcoholanddrugabuse.His_____islikelytobe
greaterthanhischronologicalage.
A.Chronologicalage
B.Biologicalage
C.Psychologicalage
D.Developmentalage
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#33
34.(p.14)Thesocialrolesandexpectationsrelatedtoaperson'sagerefertoaperson's__________.
A.biologicalage.
B.socialage.
C.psychologicalage.
D.historicalage.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#34
35.(p.14)Haroldisasinglefatherof3youngchildren.Theexpectationsandsocialrolesthataccompany
Harold'sageareknownas_________.
A.socialage.
B.chorionicage.
C.psychologicalage.
D.historicalage.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#35
36.(p.1516)WhichofthefollowingisNOTamajorconcernoflifespandevelopmentalists?
A.whetherdevelopmentalchangeiscontinuousordiscontinuous
B.whetherdevelopmentischaracterizedbystabilityorchangeovertime
C.whetherdevelopmentismostlyinfluencedbynatureornurture
D.whetherdevelopmentinvolvesmanyshortstagesorseverallongerstages
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#36
37.(p.15)Biologyisto__________asenvironmentisto_________.
A.nature;nurture
B.nurture;nature
C.maturation;nature
D.experience;nurture
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#37
38.(p.15)Alexbelievesthatpeopleareprimarilyinfluencedbytheenvironmentandlearnedexperiences,sohe
believes__________playsamostpowerfulroleinhumandevelopment.
A.nurture
B.maturation
C.change
D.nature
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#38
39.(p.15)Apsychologistwhoemphasizestheimportanceofnurtureismostlikelytobeconcernedwithan
individual's
A.geneticmakeup.
B.nutrition.
C.biologicalinheritance.
D.intelligencecapacity.
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#39
40.(p.15)Natureadvocatesarguethat__________ismostimportantinlifespandevelopment.
A.learning
B.biology
C.earlychildhoodexperiences
D.sociologicalfactors
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#40
41.(p.15)"It'snouseputtingherinaspecialeducationalprogram,"Misha'sdadexplainspatiently."Shejustcan't
understandthingsverywell.Hergrandpawasthesameway.Wemightaswellgetusedtoitnow."Misha'sdad
seemsto
A.holda"nature"viewofdevelopment.
B.holda"nurture"viewofdevelopment.
C.viewdevelopmentasacontinuousprocess.
D.viewdevelopmentasadiscontinuousprocess.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#41
42.(p.1516)Atheoristbelievesthattheabilitytoengageinthoughtfulreflectivenessisbasedonagradual
accumulationofexperiencesacrossmanyyearsratherthanasingleabruptevent.Thistheoristholdsa
predominantly__________viewofdevelopment.
A.changebased
B.stabilitybased
C.continuitybased
D.discontinuitybased
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#42
43.(p.1516)Atheoristbelievesthatyoungstersgothroughdistinctstagesofthoughtastheyprogressfrom
impulsivitytothoughtfulreflectiveness.Thistheoristholdsapredominantly__________viewofdevelopment.
A.naturebased
B.nurturebased
C.continuitybased
D.discontinuitybased
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#43
44.(p.16)ProponentsofthestabilitysideofthestabilitychangedebatewouldMOSTendorse
A.thosewhobelievethatthebestpredictoroffutureperformanceispastperformance.
B.developmentalistswhoseeplasticityasanimportantpartofthelifespanissue.
C.thosewhoarguethatlaterexperienceisjustasimportantasearlierexperience.
D.theviewsoflifespandevelopmentexpertPaulBaltes.
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#44
45.(p.1516)Suddendistinctchangesingrowth,asexperiencedbyabutterfly,areexamplesofwhat
developmentaltheme?
A.nature
B.nurture
C.continuity
D.discontinuity
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#45
46.(p.1516)Smooth,gradualchangesingrowthareanexampleofwhatdevelopmentaltheme?
A.nature
B.nurture
C.continuity
D.discontinuity
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#46
47.(p.15)WhichstatementBESTresolvesthenaturenurturecontroversy?
A.Natureisclearlymoreimportantindevelopment.
B.Thecombinationofnatureandnurtureisevidentinbraindevelopment.
C.Nurtureisclearlymoreimportantindevelopment.
D.Neitherplaysaparticularlystrongroleindevelopment.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#47
48.(p.16)Josewasabusedasayoungboy,butdidnotgrowuptobecomeanabuserhimself.Instead,heleadsa
fulfillingfamilylife.Thisisanexampleofwhichcharacteristicofdevelopment?
A.change
B.stability
C.maturation
D.continuity
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#48
49.(p.5,16)Thecontroversyofstabilityversuschangeiscloselylinkedtothecharacteristicof
A.plasticity.
B.contextualism.
C.multidimensionalism.
D.multidirectionalism.
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:1
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#49
50.(p.16)Marjoriewasdiagnosedwithchildhooddepressionandwentontosufferfromdepressionfortherestof
heradultlife.Thisisanexampleofwhichcharacteristicofdevelopment?
A.change
B.stability
C.maturation
D.discontinuity
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#50
51.(p.16)Jessewasphysicallyabusedasaninfant.Hewastakenawayfromhisabuserandraisedinahomewith
lovingadults.Accordingtodevelopmentalistswhoemphasizechange,Jessewill
A.continuetobepsychologicallyscarredbyhisearlierabuse.
B.blockouthisabuseduringchildhood,butreliveitduringadulthood.
C.healfromtheearlierabuseinhissupportiveenvironment.
D.sufferduringadolescencebecauseofhisearlierabuse.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#51
52.(p.18)Onecontemporaryconcernoflifespandevelopmentalresearchis___________.
A.healthandwellbeing
B.technology
C.astrology
D.politicalconflicts
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#52
53.(p.18)Thebehaviourpatterns,beliefs,andallotherproductsofaparticulargroupofpeoplethatarepassedon
fromgenerationtogenerationis_____________.
A.education
B.healthandwellbeing
C.culture
D.historicalcontext
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#53
54.(p.19)Ashishonoursthesisinpsychology,AndrewplanstocomparehowLebaneseCanadianandFrench
Canadianadolescentgirlsmakecareerandeducationchoices.Hisresearchwouldbeconsidereda
___________.
A.crossculturalstudy
B.genderbasedstudy
C.normativehistoricalresearch
D.contextualhistoricalresearch
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#54
55.(p.19)ThetermPhilippinoCanadianwouldreferto_________.
A.crossculturalaffinity
B.ethnicity
C.generationalinequity
D.geographicaldiscontinuity
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#55
56.(p.19)Evidenceofhowgenderinfluencesmentalhealthcomesfromstudiesthatshow__________.
A.womenseemtobemorepronetodepressionthanmen
B.menandwomensharehouseholdresponsibilitiesequally
C.womenandmenareequallypronetoheartdisease
D.women'ssalariesarelowerthanmen's
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#56
57.(p.20)Providingsafeinjectionsitesforintravenousdruguserswouldbeanexampleof____________.
A.culture
B.ethnicity
C.socialpolicy
D.generationalinequality
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#57
58.(p.21)Whenanagingpopulationunfairlyreceivemoreresources,leavingfewerresourcesforyounger
members,thisiscalled_____________.
A.socialpolicy
B.generationalinequality
C.culturalunfairness
D.ageism
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#58
59.(p.23)Aresearcherusesavideocameratorecordchildrenastheyplayonaschoolplayground.The
researcherplanstocarefullywatchthevideotapelatertocountthechildren'shelpingbehaviours.This
researcherisconductinga
A.casestudy.
B.naturalisticobservation.
C.standardizedtest.
D.multisourcestudy.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#59
60.(p.2223)Observationalmeasureisalwaysconducted
A.inarealworldsettingratherthanalaboratory.
B.inalaboratoryratherthanarealworldsetting.
C.inawaythatissystematicandplannedinadvance.
D.withtheconsentandpriorknowledgeofallpeoplebeingobserved.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#60
61.(p.23)Dr.Sanjaycollectsdataonhelpingbehavioursbetweenstrangersatamall.Astrengthofthis
naturalisticobservationalapproachisthatit
A.occursinarealworldsetting.
B.involvesastructuredsetofinterviewquestions.
C.allowsforcontrolovertheobservationalsetting.
D.demonstrateshowpeoplebehaveunderthestressofobservation.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#61
62.(p.29,32)Dr.Ryder,whowantstoknowwhypeoplefight.Heproposestoputpeopleinalaboratorysetting
andhavearesearchassistantinstigateaheatedargumentamongtheparticipants.Theprimaryweaknessofthis
studyisthat
A.structuredinterviewquestionscannotbeused.
B.itisnoteffectiveforcrossculturalstudies.
C.theresearcherhaslittlecontrolovercriticalvariableslikegenderandage.
D.researcherscannotethicallysubjectpeopletoextremelystressfulsituations.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#62
63.(p.2223)Whenresearcherscollectdatainnaturalisticsettings,theyarerecording
A.hypotheses.
B.observations.
C.statisticalanalyses.
D.theoreticalpostulates.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#63
64.(p.2627)WhenDr.Chenismonitoringchangingfitnesslevelsofschoolchildrenoveranextendedperiodof
time,usingthesamegroupofparticipants,heisutilizinga
A.sequentialresearchstrategy.
B.crosssectionalresearchstrategy.
C.naturalisticobservationstrategy.
D.longitudinalresearchstrategy.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#64
65.(p.23)Whichtypeofmethodisbeingusedwhenatelemarketingcompanyrepresentativecallsindividualson
thetelephonetoasktheiropinionsaboutgovernmentcutbackstoeducation?
A.lifehistoryrecord
B.casestudy
C.naturalisticobservation
D.survey
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#65
66.(p.23)Johnwantstoconductasurveyonpeople'sexperienceswithdomesticabuse.Whatishismainproblem
likelytobe?
A.Thistypeofresearchisveryexpensivetoconduct.
B.Peoplearelikelytoprovidesociallyacceptableresponses.
C.Thisapproachisnotobjective.
D.Thesurveymustbeconductedinacontrolledsetting.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#66
67.(p.24)WhichresearchmethodisNOTappropriatewhenstudyingalargenumberofpeople?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#67
68.(p.24)Aresearcherwantstounderstandthedevelopmentofelderlyadults.Shechoosestostudyoneelderly
womaningreatdetailbytakingfrequentmeasuresofherbehaviour,thoughts,andfeelings.Whichofthe
followingmethodsisthisresearcherusing?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#68
69.(p.2324)Whichtypeofmeasureallowsaresearchertocompareoneperson'sscorewiththescoresofalarge
groupofsimilarpeople?
A.casestudy
B.questionnaire
C.standardizedtest
D.naturalisticobservation
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#69
70.(p.2324)ApsychologistgivesSandyanorallyadministeredanxietytestwith100questionsthataskhertorate
howanxiousshewouldbeinavarietyofsituations.Sandy'sscoreishigherthan90percentofotheradults
tested.Thisanxietytestisanexampleofa____________.
A.questionnaire.
B.standardizedtest.
C.physiologicalmeasure.
D.laboratoryobservation.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#70
71.(p.2425)Imaginethatyouhaverecordedthenumberofpositivestatementsparentssaytotheirchildrenwhile
readingthroughtheirreportcards,andthatyoualsohavegiventhechildrenaselfesteemscalewherehigher
scoresrepresentagreaterdegreeofselfesteem.Ifyourtwomeasuresaresignificantlycorrelated,youcould
correctlyconcludethat
A.negativeparentalfeedbackCAUSESlowselfesteeminchildren.
B.positiveparentalfeedbackCAUSEShighselfesteeminchildren.
C.positiveparentalfeedbackISRELATEDTOselfesteemlevelsinchildren.
D.negativeparentalfeedbackISRELATEDTOlowselfesteeminchildren.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#71
72.(p.2425)Whichtypeofresearchwouldyouuseifyouwantedtodeterminewhetherornotthereisa
relationshipbetweenpovertyanddrugaddiction?
A.surveyresearch
B.correlationalresearch
C.experimentalresearch
D.observationalresearch
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#72
73.(p.2425)Predictinganeventbasedontheobservationofanothereventisabenefitofthe
A.correlationalmethod.
B.longitudinalapproach.
C.crosssectionalapproach.
D.randomassignmenttechnique.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#73
74.(p.2425)WhichisNOTtrueofcorrelationalresearch?
A.Thestrongerthecorrelationbetweentwoeventsthemoreeffectivetheprediction.
B.Thegoalistoidentifythestrengthofarelationshipbetweentwocharacteristics.
C.Twoeventsthatarecorrelatedarealsoassociatedorrelated.
D.Correlationprovidesindicationofcausation.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#74
75.(p.2526)TheresearchdesignthatcanBESTdeterminebehaviouralcausesisthe
A.correlationalstrategy.
B.experimentalstrategy.
C.observationalstrategy.
D.casestrategy.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#75
76.(p.26)Inanexperiment,theeventbeingmanipulatedisthe__________variable.
A.dependent
B.correlational
C.independent
D.control
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#76
77.(p.26)Randomassignmentisusedinexperimentsbecause
A.itguaranteesthattheresultswillbestatisticallysignificant.
B.researcherswantpeoplefromdifferentsocialclassestobeinseparategroups.
C.researcherswanttohighlightpreexistingdifferencesbetweengroups.
D.researcherswanttominimizepreexistingdifferencesbetweenexperimentalandcontrolgroups.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#77
78.(p.26)Apsychologistdesignsanexperimenttodeterminetheeffectofeyecontactonchildren'ssmiling
behaviour.GroupIisexposedto10eyecontactsduringthesessionwhileGroupIIisexposedtonoeye
contactsduringthesession.Thepsychologistrecordsthenumberoftimesthechildrenineachgroupsmile.In
thisstudy,thenumberof
A.smilesbythechildrenistheindependentvariable.
B.eyecontacts(10vs.0)isthedependentvariable.
C.eyecontacts(10vs.0)istheindependentvariable.
D.smilesbythechildrenisthecorrelationalvariable.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#78
79.(p.26)Aresearcherisinterestedintheeffectofexerciseonstaminainelderlypatients.Thepatientsare
randomlyassignedtobeinahighexerciseorlowexercisetrainingprogramforeightweeks.Attheendofthe
program,theirstaminaismeasuredbyseeinghowlongtheycanwalkcomfortablyonatreadmill.Inthisstudy,
thedependentvariableisthe
A.numberofminutesonthetreadmill.
B.exerciseprogram(highvs.low).
C.ageofthepatient.
D.eightweekdurationoftheexerciseprogram.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#79
80.(p.26)ProfessorLeBlancwantstoassignsubjectstoexperimentalgroupsinsuchawaythateachsubjecthas
anequalchanceofbeinginanygroup.Sheisassigningindividuals
A.subjectively.
B.randomly.
C.systematically.
D.independently.
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#80
81.(p.2526)Seeingtheeffectoftheindependentvariableonthedependentvariableisastrengthofthe
A.longitudinalstrategy.
B.correlationalstrategy.
C.experimentalstrategy.
D.randomassignmenttechnique.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#81
82.(p.2526)WhichresearchstrategyistheBESTfordeterminingcauseandeffectrelationships?
A.experimental
B.correlational
C.observational
D.standardized
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#82
83.(p.2627)Tochartthedevelopmentofintelligenceoverthelifespan,researcherstestedtheintelligenceof
individuals(ranginginagefromchildhoodtooldage)severaltimesoverafiveyearperiod.Whichapproachto
thetimespanofinquirydidtheytake?
A.crosssectional
B.longitudinal
C.sequential
D.cohort
BloomsLevel:application
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#83
84.(p.27)Whichresearchapproachallowsagechangesinonecohorttobecomparedwithagechangesinanother
cohort?
A.correlationalstudies
B.crosssectionalstudies
C.sequentialstudies
D.longitudinalstudies
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#84
85.(p.26)Thetypeofstudythatcanbeconductedintheshortestamountoftimeisthe
A.crosslagapproach.
B.sequentialapproach.
C.longitudinalapproach.
D.crosssectionalapproach.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#85
86.(p.28)TheNationalLongitudinalStudyofChildrenandYouth(NLSCY)isacomprehensivesurveyof
Canadiansfrom
A.birthtoschoolage.
B.elementaryschooltohighschool.
C.gradeninetogradetwelve.
D.birthtoadulthood.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#86
87.(p.27)Whichresearchdesignwouldallowresearcherstocontrolbestforcohorteffectsindevelopmental
research?
A.crosssectional
B.longitudinal
C.sequential
D.correlational
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#87
88.(p.27)Ifyoustudiedtheattitudesofelderlypeopletoday,youmightfindthatmostbelieveitisbetterfor
womentostayathomethantowork.Thisattitudeisprobablynotbecausetheyareelderlypersebutbecause
theyallgrewupduringtheearlyandmiddlepartofthecentury.Thisisanexampleofa(n)
A.eticeffect.
B.emiceffect.
C.cohorteffect.
D.correlationaleffect.
BloomsLevel:conceptual
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#88
89.(p.31)Whichofthefollowingclinicalpsychoanalystsassertedthatmenandwomenhavedifferingmoraland
psychologicaltendencies?
A.HarrietLerner
B.KarenHorney
C.CarolGilligan
D.JeanBakerMiller
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#89
90.(p.31)Whenresearchersusesurfacelabelslike"Blacks,""Asians,"and"Caucasians",theyunderrepresent
thedifferencesthatexistamongpeoplewithinthesameracialgroup.Usingsurfacelabelsliketheseisreferred
toas
A.ethnicgloss.
B.experimenterbias.
C.racegrouping.
D.ethnicinequality.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#90
91.(p.29,32)Priortostartingresearchwithhumanparticipants,investigatorsshouldsecureparticipants'
A.demographicinformation.
B.pledgeofconfidentiality.
C.informedconsent.
D.commitmenttoparticipateovertheentirecourseoftheresearch.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#91
92.(p.31)TheWorldHealthOrganizationisparticularlyconcernedwithalackof
A.validandreliableresearchonhealthtopics.
B.researchinThirdWorldnations.
C.interestinlifespanstudies.
D.interestinmulticulturalisminlifespanstudies.
BloomsLevel:knowledge
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#92
93.(p.56)DiscussbrieflyfourcharacteristicsofthelifespanperspectiveasoutlinedbyBaltes.
thereare8characteristics:developmentislifelong,developmentismultidimensional,developmentis
multidirectional,developmentisplastic,developmentismultidisciplinary,developmentinvolvesgrowth,
maintenanceandregulation,developmentisacoconstructionofbiology,culture,andtheindividual,
developmentiscontextual.
LearningObjective:1
SantrockChapter01#93
94.(p.7,1011)Discusshownonnormativelifeeventscouldinfluencedevelopment.
accidents,seriousillnessesorinjuries,naturalcatastrophes,deathofaparentcanallinfluencedevelopmentin
differentwayssuchasviacognitive,biological,andsocioemotionalprocesses.
LearningObjective:2
SantrockChapter01#94
95.(p.1011)Brieflydefinetheterms"biologicalprocesses","cognitiveprocesses",and"socioemotional
processes".
Biologicalprocessesinvolvechangesintheindividual'sphysicalnature.
Cognitiveprocessesinvolvechangesintheindividual'sthought,intelligence,andlanguage.
Socioemotionalprocessesinvolvechangesintheindividual'srelationshipswithotherpeople,changesin
emotions,andchangesinpersonality.
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#95
96.(p.1112)Listtheeightlifespandevelopmentalperiods.
(1)prenatal;(2)infancy;(3)earlychildhood;(4)middleandlatechildhood;(5)adolescence;(6)early
adulthood;(7)middleadulthood;and,(8)lateadulthood.
LearningObjective:3
SantrockChapter01#96
97.(p.1213)Identifyandbrieflydescribethefivewaysagehasbeenconceptualized.
(1)chronologicalage:thenumberofyearsthathaveelapsedsinceaperson'sbirth;(2)biologicalage:aperson's
ageintermsofbiologicalhealth;(3)psychologicalage:anindividual'sadaptivecapacitiescomparedtothoseof
otherindividualsofthesamechronologicalage;(4)socialage:socialrolesandexpectationsrelatedtoa
person'sage;(5)mentalage:anindividual'sabilitytosolveproblemsonastandardizedinstrumentcomparedto
othersofthesamechronologicalage.
LearningObjective:4
SantrockChapter01#97
98.(p.15)Brieflydiscussthenaturenurturequestion.
Thiscontroversyinvolvesthedebateaboutwhetherdevelopmentisinfluencedprimarilybythegenetic
blueprintorbiologicalinheritance(nature)orbyenvironmentalexperiences(nurture).
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#98
99.(p.1516)Brieflydiscussthecontinuitydiscontinuityissueofdevelopment.
Thisissuefocusesonwhetherdevelopmentinvolvesgradual,cumulativechangefromconceptiontodeath
(continuity)orwhetherdevelopmentoccursindistinctstagesorphasesacrossthelifespan.
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#99
100.(p.16)Brieflydiscussthestabilitychangeissue.
Thisissuefocusesonwhetherwebecomeolderrenditionsofourearlyexperienceorwhetherwedevelopinto
somethingdifferentthanwewereatanearlierpointindevelopment.Thebasicthemeiswhetherdevelopmentis
bestdescribedbystabilityorbychange.
LearningObjective:5
SantrockChapter01#100
101.(p.18)Discusshowgender,ethnicity,andraceformpartofoursocioculturalcontext.
Thesocioculturalcontextreferstothesettinginwhichdevelopmentoccurswhichisinfluencedbyhistorical,
political,geographic,andotherfactors.Genderreferstothesocioculturaldimensionofbeingmaleorfemale;
genderiscentraltoouridentityandsocialrelationships.Ethnicity(basedonculturalheritage,national
characteristics,race,religion,andlanguage)andrace(controversialclassificationofpeopleaccordingtorealor
imaginedbiologicalcharacteristics)formpartofthesocioculturalcontext;theyinfluenceourinteractionswith
othersandhowothersthinkofus.
LearningObjective:6
SantrockChapter01#101
102.(p.22)Brieflydefinetheterms"theory"and"hypothesis".
Atheoryisaninterrelatedcoherentsetofideasthathelpstoexplainandtomakepredictions.
Ahypothesisisaspecificassumptionandpredictionthatcanbetestedanddeterminedforaccuracy.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#102
103.(p.2426)HowareCorrelationalandexperimentalapproachessimilaranddifferent?
Correlationalapproachesareinterestedinexploringrelationshipsbetweenvariableswiththegoalofprediction.
Correlationalapproachesdonotpermitcausalinferences.Experimentalapproachesarecarefullycontrolled
proceduresthatpermittentativecausalinferences.Inexperiments,oneormorevariables(independentvariable)
ismanipulatedanditseffectsaremeasuredonthedependentvariable(s).Typically,theindependentvariable
hasexperimentalandcontrolgroups,towhichparticipantsareassignedrandomlyinanefforttominimize
systematicdifferencesbetweenthe2groups.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#103
104.(p.27)Brieflydiscussthesequentialapproachtoresearch.
Thisisthecombinedcrosssectional,longitudinalresearchdesign.Itusuallybeginswithacrosssectionalstudy
thatincludesindividualsofdifferentages.Laterthoseindividualsaretestedagainand,atthissametime,anew
groupofsubjectsisalsoassessedateachagelevel.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#104
105.(p.2426)Identifyfourmajormethodsusedtogatherdataaboutlifespandevelopment.
Fourmajormethodsemployedincludedescriptiveresearch,correlationalresearch,experimentalresearch,and
timespanresearch.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#105
106.(p.2324)Identify5differentmethodsforcollectingdata.
Observation,surveysandinterviews,standardizedtests,casestudies,andphysiologicalmeasures.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#106
107.(p.27)Whyarelifespanresearchersespeciallyconcernedaboutcohorteffects?
Developmentisaffectedbythetimeandplaceofbirth.Thismustbeconsideredwhenplacinglifespanresearch
intoitsappropriatecontext.GrowingupduringtheUSdeclaredWaronTerrorism,forexample,willshape
manyfacetsoflifespandevelopment.
LearningObjective:7
SantrockChapter01#107
c1Summary
Category #ofQuestions
BloomsLevel:application 36
BloomsLevel:conceptual 9
BloomsLevel:knowledge 47
LearningObjective:1 11
LearningObjective:2 8
LearningObjective:3 12
LearningObjective:4 10
LearningObjective:5 19
LearningObjective:6 8
LearningObjective:7 40
SantrockChapter01 107