Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
optical media (Wamukaya and Mututla, 2005). One can also say that it is the
originally created in electronic format are called digital born format resources,
while those that were originally in paper form which are converted into e-form
resources which are available; some of the popular ones that are gaining
grounds are electronic books, electronic journals database, electronic theses and
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A library is a repository of wisdom of great thinkers of the past and the
knowledge to the people. The holdings of the libraries are priceless heritage of
human development in multifarious areas, ages and directions. The past records
between users and computer and that is due to the fact that most of information
this intellectual, cultural heritage electronically becomes not only the academic
of library materials is possible if the resources are in good and usable condition.
electronically.
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The term preservation also includes all the managerial and financial
Despite the fact that academic libraries play a vital role in promoting
students education through preserving material that support their learning, they
The noble idea to establish a state university in Yobe state was first
muted by the administration of Alh. Bukar Abba Ibrahim the then Executive
Governor of Yobe state in 2006. The State under the leadership of his
Muhammad Nur Alkali in January 2006, to plan and prepare the takeoff of the
the law establishing the university and the master plan were produced and
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approved by the National University Commission (NUC) with Professor Musa
Alabi, as first Vice Chancellor of the university. The university commence its
Science, Art Social and Management Science and Faculty of Education with
The Goodluck Ebele Jonathan library was establish along with the
university with various departments and unit, this includes; Cataloguing and
Circulation Division, Short Term Loan and E-library with Hajiya Adama
Dahiru AG as first university librarian. The aims and objectives of the library is
to support the teaching and learning of both staffs and students of the
university, the Yobe state university which is formally known as Bukar Abba
scholarly capacity of the university under governor Ibrahim Geidam the current
governor of the state decided to expand the course offering and research
activities in the university with addition of the Faculty of Law to the university,
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1.3 Statement of the Problem
very vital with in any library but it is becoming more and more challenging of
means that electronic resources will only survive for the period not beyond the
Moloi and Mutula (2007) identified that information centres in the third world
electronic information resources are among the challenges that have made
to outcome in information gaps. Given the above, the predicament which this
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study tried to address was to access the preservation of electronic information
i. To identity the level of ICT skills amongst the staff that preserve
library;
resources preservation.
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1.5 Research Questions
i. What are the levels of ICT amongst the staff of Goodluck Ebele
iv. What are the major challenges facing Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
foundation for a new policy or feeding into present policy with regard to
identified at the end of the study. Furthermore, the finding will fill in the gap
and help Goodluck Library Yobe State University, Damaturu and other stake
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holders in preservation of electronic information resources and as well
The study was limited to Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Library, Yobe State
University, Damaturu. The focus of the research was to assess the electronic
or danger.
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Microform: the general term for various types of information storage, media
CD-Rom: a compact disc used in computer as a read only device for data.
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Reference
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CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter literature relevant to the research topic has been organized
Nwaje (2007), stated that during the late decades, computer processing
developed world. Computers and other electronic devices are applied for the
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Aina et al., (2008), indicated that the foundation stone for electronic
information resources may have laid in 1945 when Vannerar Bush envisioned a
records and articles. Hartley (2003) also observed that electronic information
resources stated with experimental computer systems developed for the storage
and retrieved of bibliographic data during the 1960s. By the end of the decade,
visionary thinking of people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in
However Hartely (2003), during the 1970s and 1980s the availability of
for information. Furthermore, CD-ROMs emerged at about the same time with
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was intended to make access to resources direct, convenient and timely for the
users.
preservation has been described as any action that effectively extends the life or
or otherwise reduce the risk of damage or loss. It also points out that it deals
with the formatting or reformatting to provide access without the physical use
of original object.
loss, decay, injury or violation. In the same view, Alhassan (2002) defined
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worms, termites, beetles, cockroaches e.t.c. inspite of this Kenny et al., (2002)
preservation reforming but until the concern associated with maintaining long-
However, McCarry et al., (2002) maintained that with the advent of high
with increasing ease. They said that digital preservation involves the retention
of both information object and its meaning in the same view. Madu (2004) also
observed that libraries serve to preserve for those who follow us, our thoughts,
monitoring temperature, humidity, light exposure, air pollution, dirt and mold, it
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insurance, disaster prevention, preparedness and recovery and education
training and outreach programs for staffs, patrons, the university community
material in its original form or being familiar with all reforming technologies
available. He said that it means accessibility, when a user needs it, he get it.
Hence, he further explained that the whole process of security shelving, shelf-
are preservation tenets. He said that all these things are done to ensure long
explained that the concept of preservation is not only with protecting the
keeping them in conditions that could ensure their preservation in the most
favourable atmosphere away from anything likely to cause slow but continuous
deterioration.
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2.4 Electronic Information Resources
newspaper, full text database, statistical, reference and indexing and abstract
databases and any other material available electronically that are likely to other
essential part of modern society. This is because they play a very important role
important to any educational that is line with the present day global best
range of product that may exist in different forms such as CD-ROMS and
resources available on the internet such as online Database, WebPages etc. and
they provide libraries with vast resources for their user population (Gupta,
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The information on the web is structured facilitate browsing, it provide
resources during the 20th century was intended to make access to resource more
libraries become necessary of large number of user. He also stated that growth
in data usage leads errors and delays when manual systems are applied. The
resources are vital and they are currently the backbone of any dynamic
databases and electronic books not publicly available free of charges and
therefore they are expensive. Today librarian are very much concern about their
effective use.
content, which is in different electronic media such as tapes, floopies, radio etc.
which can be retrieved with the help of other electronic device like computers
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possible to develop the special gifts and talents hidden in reach student, thereby
assisting him/her to build a career. Also Lynch (2000) states that electronic
information resources in libraries saves time and effort than resources in manual
ways;
electronic formats.
accessible through the network anytime, anyplace and could be tailored to meet
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Science, it is possible to recognize the Ranganathans five laws of library
into services and collections. Paraphrased to better suit electronic resources, the
law reads; resources are for use, every person his or her resources, every
resources its user, save the time of the user, and the library is a growing
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2.4.1 Types of E-resources
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internet in electronic format.
8. Image collection Due to adventure of e-images facility this
type of database is developed.
9. Multimedia products These type of databases are included
images, videos, audios and text etc.
10. e-Thesis These types of databases are contained
with Ph.d thesis and Dissertation
published through e-format.
11. e-Clipping The main objective of e-clipping is
retrospective search and comprehensive
analysis of items.
12. e-Patents e-Patents is the exclusive right granted by
the government to make use of an
invention for a specific period of time.
13. e-Standards Written definition, limit rules, approved
and monitored for complains by
authoritative agency.
(2006), said that technical knowledge for the digital preservation strategies is
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largely lacking among the staff of library preservation departments. In similar
vein, Okoyo and Ugwuanyi (2012) suggested that there is need for staff to be
information resources preservation have been ongoing for several fear now. The
strategies.
from one technology to another technology whilst trying to keep their properties
(Borghoff et al., 2006) they continued by saying that migration focuses on the
information resources in such a way that software and hardware updates will
According to Ngoepe and Van der Walt (2009) emulsion is the process
be like the original environment that used to create the electronic information
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resources. A good example of emulsion strategy is the creation of window that
preservation that are widely recognized and shared by many other libraries
globally.
storage or obsolescence.
applet.
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b. Lack of preservation policies and procedure.
destruction because they are store in fragile magnetic and optical media
that deteriorate rapidly and that can fail suddenly from exposure of heat,
other cultural institutions have limited and uncertain right to copy digital
Technology (IT) staff skills for them to keep up with the technological
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obsolescence is needed (Moloi and Mutula, 2007). Kanyengo (2006), stated that
in preserving these resource, on the same point, Emmanuel and Sife (2008) and
from having low ICT skills also lack skills in digital preservation. In addition,
the available of ICT in the field as well as other professionals who are within
Asongwe and Ezema (2012) indicated that in third world countries there
are very few places where one can obtain formal specialized training in
added that most of the African information professional who walk in libraries
resources. Furthermore, Emmanuel and Sife (2008), in their study reported that
some of the information centres have manage to recruit staff and train them but
at the end they have fail to keep them. This indicates that necessary approaches
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management of IT services in libraries that preserve electronic information
resources.
centres the right approaches needed to initiate ways which vital for the
protection of electronic information. Despite the fact that these policies are used
resources, Ogbebor (2011) in his paper reported that most African countries
accord with Ogbebor above, Satish and Umesh (2005) stated that most of
got week policies while some do lack. In his investigation on preservation and
not have national information policies, the lack of policies means that in the
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References
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Kanyego, C.W. (2006), Management Digital Information Resources in Africa:
Preserving the Integrity of Scholarship. Bridging the North-south Devine
in Scholarly Communication in Africa.
http://www.ascleiden.nl/pdf/elecpublconfkanyengo.pdf (Accessed 30th
October, 2017).
Las Vegas Libraries (2008), Information Retrieval System.
th
http://www.infor%20.co.za/url?=rct (Accessed 8 November, 2017).
Lefuma, S. (2004), An Investigation into the Management of Electronic Record
in the Public Sector in Lesotho.
http://researchspace.ukzn.aeza/jspuibistream/10413/1957/1/sejanelefuma
2004.pdf (Accessed 4th November, 2017).
Lynch, C. (2000), From Automation to Transformation: Forty years of library
and Information Technology in Higher Education.
Madu, C. (2004), Technology for Information Management and Services.
Ibadan, Evil Coleman.
Moloi, J. and Mutula, S. (2007), E-records Management in an e-government
setting in Botswana. Information Development 23(4).
http://idv.sagepub.com/content/23/4/290 (Accessed 4th November,
2017).
Ngoepe, M. and Vanderwatt, T. (2009), Strategies for the Preservation of
Electronic Records in South Africa: Implication on Access to Information
Innovation, 38, 1-25.
Nwage, L. (2007), Availability and Accessibility of Information Resources and
the Use of Library Services. Michael Okpara University.
Nwagwugwu, C. (2001), Preservation of Library Materials; Fundamental of
Library and Information Services. Ed. Akwa NEPAJ.
Ogbebor, O. (2011), Challenges of Digital Preservation in Africa.
http://asorome.blogspot.com/2011/12/challenges-of-digitalpresentation-
in-html#2011/12 (Accessed 8th November, 2017).
Ojo, Igbinoba, (2003), An Assessment of the Level of IT Investments,
Electronic Information Resources, Usage and Information Literacy Skill
of Users.
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Okoye, M.O. and Uguwuanyi, C.F. (2012), Management of Electronic
Resources by Cataloguers in Nigerian University Libraries. LIBRES
Library and Information Science Research. Electronic Journal 18(2)
http://libres.curtin.edu.au/ (Accessed 30th October, 2017).
Olatokun, M.W. (2008), A Survey of Preservation and Conservation Practices
and Techniques in Nigerian University Libraries. LIBRES Library and
Information Science Research Electronic Journal 16(2)
th
http://libres.courtin.edu.au/ (Accessed 8 November, 2017).
Purashathan, T. (2008), Digital Library: APH Publishing Co-operation. New
Delhi, pp.188-189.
Satish, M.V. and Umesh, M. (2005), Challenges of Digital Preservation in
Digital Libraries. 3rd Convention PLANNER 10-11 November.
http://inflibnet.ae.in/bistreamhandle/1994/1356/7pdf? Sequence
th
(Accessed 4 November, 2017).
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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter discussed the method adopted for carrying out the research
it explained the research type, population of the study, procedure for research
collected and the sources of data collection procedure the research type was the
survey type.
phenomena with the intent of using the data to justify current condition and
The target population of the study comprises the entire staff of Yobe state
University Library.
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3.4 Research Instrument
In this sample method, the researcher purposely targets the entire staff of
The mode of the collection of the questionnaire was the same as with the
available in the library for the purpose of ascertaining the authenticity of the
research question and objectives of the study. After the research data collected,
data was edited to ensure adherence of the data collection protocol and avoid
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actions that would lead to missing and questionable data. The data was
explained that each question was and values represent and each value assigned
to it. Both Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and manual
data analysis was used to manage, analyzed and display the data, tables, graphs,
and charts and percentages. The analysis and interpretation of data was done
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References
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