An Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation Scheme For A Multi-Cell Downlink OFDMA System

NSC 96-2221-E-009-014-MY3


Introduction
Effective Link Spectral Effeciency:
1
C% eff ( ) = C% ( )

OFDMA is considered a most promising multiple access technique to improve spectral m
efficiency in future mobile communication systems. where m denotes bandwidth loss factor.

With orthogonality within the cell, the main interference in an OFDMA
System Capacity:
system comes from inter-cell interference which is particularly disadvantageous to T = BW C% ( ) f ( )d

cell-edge user equipments (UEs). where accounts for the system overhead, f ( ) is the probability density function

To alleviate such problems, conventionally, frequency reuse scheme is used in OFDMA, of SINR , and BW denotes the allocated bandwidth.
and soft handover scheme in CDMA.

We proposed a hybrid inter-cell interference mitigation scheme makes use of both partial
frequency reuse and soft handover. Simulation Parameters

Partial Frequency Reuse (PFR) Description

An inter-cell coordination scheme that applies restrictions to the frequency resources in a

coordinated way among cells.

Idea: To partition the whole frequency band into several orthogonal subbands! (c.f.Fig. 1)

ERF(effective reuse factor) reff :
BWF1 + BWF3
reff = BWall / BWcell = ,
BWF1 + (1/ 3) BWF3
BS1 P
F3

F3B Sector A
F1 f
F1 F3A F1 F3A
F1
P

F3C
Sector B
F3B F3B
f
F1 F1
P
F1 F3B Simulation Results
F1 F3A F1 F3A
F1 F1
F3C F3C Sector C

F1 F3C f
BS3 BS2
P

Reuse-1
f
Fig. 1 Spectrum setting for partial frequency reuse in a tri-sector cellular layout

Soft Handover (SH) Description

When soft handover is in use, an UE is connected simultaneously to several cells, which Fig. 3 Average SINR distributions Fig. 4 Effective link spectral effeciency
constitute its active set. of cell edge users distribution

The benefit of SH is that the dominant interferers become desired signals, and therefore,
the cell edge transmission quality can be remarkably improved.

The SH overhead ( ):
f 5.1
N MAS
= n P 1
n =1
n

where N MAS denotes the maximum active set size and Pn is the probability of an UE
being in n-way SH (the UE is connected to n cells in SH).

Problem Formulation
Fig. 5 Average throughput performance Fig. 6 Average cell throughput performance

Scheme A: Based on SH, the OFDMA downlink system sends data from all the cells that vs. data rate fairness
are in the UEs active set to the UE by using the frequency subchannels that belong to
reuse-1 subband F1.

Scheme B: Based on PFR, the OFDMA downlink system sends data from the serving cell
to the UE by using the frequency subchannels that belong to reuse-3 subband of the cell,
i.e. F3A, F3B, or F3C.

Two questions arise:
(a) Which scheme could provide higher signal quality (SINR) for the UE?
(b) As compared with the standard partial frequency reuse scheme, can we generate some
throughput gains by dynamically choosing between Scheme A and Scheme B?
Fig. 7 Data rate fairness vs. effective Fig. 8 G-factor distributions over cell area
Flowchart of the proposed hybrid scheme reuse factor

Conclusions
An UE sends its
measured G-factor to its
serving cell
In this paper, we proposed an inter-cell interference mitigation scheme for a multi-cell
OFDMA downlink systems.
No

The basic idea of the proposed scheme is to dynamically choose between a partial
The UE is classified
as a CIU
G-factor < threshold frequency reuse scheme (with a reuse factor of 3) and a soft handover scheme to provide
better signal quality for cell edge users.
Yes
Our simulation results show that compared with standard partial frequency reuse scheme,
Allocate frequency
subchannels in F1 The UE is classified the proposed scheme helps to improve the link quality and link spectral efficiency of cell
& perform reuse-1 as a CEU
edge users.

There is a significant cell edge throughput gain over the standard partial frequency reuse
Allocate frequency
subchannels in F3
No
Handover list size > 1
scheme and it introduces a relatively low soft handover overhead.
& perform reuse-3
Considering data rate fairness among users, the proposed hybrid method also outperforms
Yes the standard partial frequency reuse scheme in total cell throughput.
Allocate frequency No
subchannels in F3 A(1) > B(3) References
& perform reuse-3
Yes [1] 3GPP TS 36.201 V8.1.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); LTE Physical Layer - General Description, Nov. 2007.
[2] 3GPP2 C.S0084 v. 2.0, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Air Interface Specification, Sept. 2007.
[3] IEEE 802.16e-2005, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Amendment for physical and MAC layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands, 2005.
Allocate frequency [4] 3GPP TR 25.913 V7.0.0, Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), June 2005.
[5] Siemens, Interference mitigation Considerations and Results on Frequency Reuse, 3GPP R1-050738, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #42, September 2005.
subchannels in F1 [6] M. Sternad, T. Ottosson, A. Ahlen, A. Svensson, Attaining both coverage and high spectral efficiency with adaptive OFDM downlinks, in Proc. IEEE 58th Veh. Technol. Conf., vol. 4, Oct. 2003, pp.
& perform soft handover 2486-2490.
[7] Huawei, Soft Frequency Reuse Scheme for UTRAN LTE, 3GPP R1-050507, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #41, May 2005.
[8] Bin Fan, Yu Qian, Kan Zheng, Wenbo Wang, A Dynamic Resource Allocation Scheme Based on Soft Frequency Reuse for OFDMA Systems, in Proc. Int. Symp. Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and
Fig. 2 Operational flow chart of the proposed hybrid scheme EMT Tech. for Wireless Commu. , Aug. 2007, pp. 1-4.
[9] Alcatel, Interference Coordination in new OFDM DL air interface, 3GPP R1-050407, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #41, May 2005.
[10] 3GPP TR 25.814 v7.1.0, Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA, Sept. 2006.
[11] Siemens, Interference Mitigation by Partial Frequency Reuse, 3GPP R1-060135, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Ad Hoc Meeting on LTE, Jan. 2006.
System Models [12] H. Holma and A. Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS, 3rd edition, Wiley, 2002.
[13] Renshui Zhu, Xing Zhang, Wenbo Wang, Scheduling Based Controllable Interference Coordination in OFDMA Systems, in Proc. First Internation Conference on Communications and Networking, Oct.
2006. pp. 1-5.
[14] Young-June Choi, Cheol Seung Kim, Saewoong Bahk, Flexible Design of Frequency Reuse Factor in OFDMA Cellular Networks, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 4, June 2006, pp. 1784-1788.

Downlink average SINR: [15]
[16]
Haipeng Lei, Zhang Lei, Xin Zhang, Dacheng Yang, A Novel Multi-Cell OFDMA System Structure using Fractional Frequency Reuse, in Proc. IEEE Symp. PIMRC, Sept. 2007.
Texas Instruments, Performance of Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation with Semi-Static Frequency Planning for EUTRA Downlink, 3GPP R1-060368, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #44, February
Pt Ls S s As 2006.
( x) = , (x = 1,3) [17] H. Jia, Z. Zhang, G. Yu, P. Cheng, S. Li, On the Performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDMA System Under Different Frequency Reuse and Subcarrier Permutation Patterns, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf.
P L S A + P
i x
t i i i N
[18]
Commun., June 2007, pp. 5720-5725.
Texas Instruments, Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation for EUTRA, 3GPP R1-051059, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #42bis, October 2005.
[19] Shannon, C.E., Collected Papers, Edit by Sloane & Wyner, IEEE Press, 1993.
[20] P. Mogensen, Wei Na, I.Z. Kovacs, F. Frederiksen, A. Pokhariyal, K.I. Pedersen, T. Kolding, K. Hugl, M. Kuusela, LTE Capacity Compared to the Shannon Bound, in Proc. IEEE 65th Veh. Technol.
Conf., April 2007, pp. 1234-1238.

Link spectral effeciency: [21] Qualcomm Europe, Description and simulations of interference management technique for OFDMA based E-UTRA downlink evaluation, 3GPP R1-050896, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #42, Sept.
2005.
[22] NTT DoCoMo, NEC, SHARP, Intra-Node B Macro Diversity Using Simultaneous Transmission with Soft-combining in Evolved UTRA Downlink, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #42, September
C% ( ) = log 2 (1 + / ) bps / Hz [23]
2005.
Siemens, LTE interference Coordination Downlink System Simulation Results, 3GPP R1-062374, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #46, Sept. 2006.

where and account for the system bandwidth efficiency and the SINR [24] C.-S. Chiu and C.-C. Huang, A Hybrid Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation Scheme for an OFDMA Downlink System, IEICE Trans. on Comm., vol. E93-B No.1 pp.73-81, 2010

implementation efficiency, respectively.