6.electronics and Experimental Methods - NET-JRF - June 2011-June 2017

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

ELECTRONICS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
NET/JRF (JUNE-2011)
Q1. A signal of frequency 10 k Hz is being digitalized by an A/D converter. A possible

sampling time which can be used is
(a) 100  s (b) 40  s (c) 60  s (d) 200  s
Ans. : (b)
1 1
Solution: f S  2 f  TS    50 s  TS  50 s
2 f 20  103
Q2. Consider the digital circuit shown below in which the input C is always high (1).
A
B Z
C
(high)
The truth table for the circuit can be written as

A B Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
The entries in the Z column (vertically) are

(a) 1010 (b) 0100 (c) 1111 (d) 1011
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Z  A.B  B  1
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Q3. A time varying signal Vin is fed to an op-amp circuit with output signal Vo as shown in
10 K
the figure below.
The circuit implements a
(a) high pass filter with cutoff frequency 16 Hz 1K

Vo
(b) high pass filter with cutoff frequency 100 Hz V in 
1K 10 K
10 K
(c) low pass filter with cutoff frequency 16 Hz 1 F
(d) low pass filter with cutoff frequency 100 Hz 


Ans. : (c)
Solution: Since circuit has R and C combination, its a Low Pass filter and cutoff frequency
1
  16 Hz.
2RC
NET/JRF (DEC-2011)
Q4. In the operational amplifier circuit below, the voltage at point A is
5V
1K A
1V 
1V 
1K
1K 5V
(a) 1.0 V (b) 0.5V (c) 0 V (d) 5.0V

Ans. : (b)
1
Solution: V A   1  0.5V .
11
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Q5. A counter consists of four flip-flops connected as shown in the figure:
A0 A1 A2 A3
J Q J Q J Q J Q
CLK
K Q K Q K Q K Q
If the counter is initialized as A0 A1 A2 A3  0110 , the state after the next clock pulse is
(a) 1000 (b) 0001 (c) 0011 (d) 1100

Ans: (b)
A 0 0 A1 1 A 2 1 A 3 0
Solution:
0 J Q J Q 0 J Q J Q
CLK
1 K Q K Q 0 1 K Q K Q
1 0 1
Q6. The pins 0, 1, 2 and 3 of part A of a microcontroller are connected with resistors to drive
an LED at various intensities as shown in the figure. For V CC
VCC = 4.2 V and a voltage drop of 1.2 V across the LED, 
the range (maximum current) and resolution (step size)
A3
of the drive current are, respectively, 0 . 75 k
A2
(a) 4.0 mA and 1.0 mA C 1 .5 k
A1
(b) 15.0 mA and 1.0 mA 3k
(c) 7.5 mA and 0.5 mA A0
6k
(d) 4.0 mA and 0.5 mA
Ans: (c)
A3 , A2 , A1 , A0
Solution: For Maximum current
0, 0, 0, 0
4.2  1.2 4.2  1.2 4.2  1.2 4.2  1.2
Thus, I max      7.5mA
0.75k 1.5k 3k 6k
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A ,A ,A,A 4.2  1.2
For Step size 3 2 1 0 . Thus I 0   0.5mA
0, 0, 0, 1 6k
Q7. The figure below shows a voltage regulator utilizing a Zener diode of breakdown voltage
5 V and a positive triangular wave input of amplitude 10 V.
500 12
Vi 10
i 8
i(mA)
6
1K 4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (s)
For Vi > 5V, the Zener regulates the output voltage by channeling the excess current
through itself. Which of the following waveforms shows the current i passing through the
Zener diode?
(a) 12 (b) 12
10
10
8
i(mA)
8
6
i(mA)
6
4
4
2
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (s) t (s)
(c) 12 (d) 12
10 10
8 8
i(mA)
i(mA)
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t (s) t (s)
Ans: (a)
Solution: When zener is OFF zener current is zero when zener is ON zener current will flow.
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2012)
Q8. In the op-amp circuit shown in the figure below, the input voltage is 1V. The value of the
1K
output V0 is
1K
 1K Vo
Vi  1V

1K
(a) -0.33 V (b) -0.50 V (c) -1.00 V (d) -0.25 V

Ans. : (b)
R F Vin 1 11 1
Solution: V0     V  0.05 where R F   K and R1  1K .
R1 2 11 2
Q9. An LED operates at 1.5 V and 5 mA in forward bias. Assuming an 80% external
efficiency of the LED, how many photons are emitted per second?
(a) 5.0 x 1016 (b) 1.5 x 1016 (c) 0.8 x 1016 (d) 2.5 x 1016
Ans. : (d)
i Pin i 5  103
Solution: Pin  ext hf , number of photon   ext  .8  19
 2.5  1016
e hf e 1.6  10
Q10. The transistor in the given circuit has hfe = 35Ω and hie = 1000Ω. If the load resistance
RL = 1000Ω, the voltage and current gain are, respectively.
(a) -35 and + 35 VO
RL
(b) 35 and - 35

(c) 35 and – 0.97
VI 
(d) 0.98 and - 35
Ans. : (a)
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Q11. The output, O, of the given circuit in cases I and II, where
Case I: A, B = 1; C, D = 0; E, F = 1 and G = 0
Case II: A, B = 0; C, D = 0: E, F = 0 and G = 1
are respectively 

(a) 1, 0
(b) 0, 1 C
D
(c) 0, 0
(d) 1, 1
Ans. : (d) O
 
Solution: O  AB  CD E  F G  E F
G
NET/JRF (DEC-2012)
Q12. A live music broadcast consists of a radio-wave of frequency 7 MHz, amplitude-
modulated by a microphone output consisting of signals with a maximum frequency of
10 kHz. The spectrum of modulated output will be zero outside the frequency band
(a) 7.00 MHz to 7.01 MHz (b) 6.99 MHz to 7.01 MHz
(c) 6.99 MHz to 7.00 MHz (d) 6.995 MHz to 7.005 MHz
Ans: (b)
Solution: Spectrum consists of f c  f m and f c  f m .
Q13. In the op-amp circuit shown in the figure, Vi is a sinusoidal input signal of frequency 10
Hz and V0 is the output signal. The magnitude of the gain and the phase shift, respectively,
0.01F
close to the values
(a) 5 2 and  / 2
10 K
(b) 5 2 and   / 2 1K
Vi 
(c) 10 and zero Vo

(d) 10 and π
Ans: (d)
v0 X C RF v
Solution:   0  10
vin R1 R1  R F  vin
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Q14. The logic circuit shown in the figure below Implements the Boolean expression
A
HIGH y
(a) y  A  B (b) y  A  B (c) y  A  B (d) y  A  B

Ans: (a)
Solution: Output of each Ex-OR gate is A and B . Thus y  A  B  A  B

Q15. A diode D as shown in the circuit has an i-v relation that can be approximated by
v 2  2v D , for v D  0
iD   D
0, for v D  0 1
The value of v D in the circuit is iD



(a)  1  11 V  (b) 8 V 10 V

D vD
(c) 5 V (d) 2 V
Ans: (d)
Solution:  10  v D2  2v D  1  v D  0  v D  2V
Q16. Band-pass and band-reject filters can be implemented by combining a low pass and a
high pass filter in series and in parallel, respectively. If the cut-off frequencies of the low
pass and high pass filters are  0LP and  0HP , respectively, the condition required to
implement the band-pass and band-reject filters are, respectively,
(a)  0HP   0LP and  0HP   0LP (b) 0HP  0LP and  0HP   0LP
(c)  0HP   0LP and 0HP  0LP (d)  0HP   0LP and 0HP  0LP
Ans: (b)
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)
Q17. A silicon transistor with built-in voltage 0.7 V is used in the circuit shown, with
V BB  9.7V , R B  300k, VCC  12V and RC  2k . Which of the following figures
correctly represents the load line and quiescent Q point?
RC
RB 
 
V CC
V BB

iC iC
    mA  
32 35 6 35
(a) 32 (b) 32
Q
30 Q
30
0 9 .7 VCE V  0 12 VCE V 
iC iC
mA   A  
6 35 32 Q 35
(c) Q
32 (d) 32
30 30
0 12 VCE V  0 9 .7 VCE V 
Ans: (b)
VBB  VBE 9.7  0.7 V 12
Solution: I B    30 A and I C , sat  CC   6mA
RB 300  10 3
RC 2  10 3
Q18. If the analog input to an 8-bit successive approximation ADC is increased from 1.0 V to
2.0 V, then the conversion time will
(a) remain unchanged (b) double
(c) decrease to half its original value (d) increase four times
Ans: (a)
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Q19. The input to a lock-in amplifier has the form Vi t   Vi sin  t   i  where Vi ,  ,  i are the
amplitude, frequency and phase of the input signal respectively. This signal is multiplied
by a reference signal of the same frequency  , amplitude Vr and phase  r . If the
multiplied signal is fed to a low pass filter of cut-off frequency  , then the final output
signal is
1  1 
(a) ViVr cos i   r  (b) ViVr cos i   r   cos  t   i   r 
2  2 
 1 
(c) ViVr sin  i   r  (d) ViVr cos i   r   cos  t   i   r 
 2 
Ans: (a)
Vi V r
Solution: V  Vr sin  t   r   Vi sin  t   i   cos i   r   cos2 t   i   r 
2
Vi V r
Output of low pass filter= cos i   r 
2
Q20. Four digital outputs V , P, T and H monitor the speed v , tyre pressure p , temperature t
and relative humidity h of a car. These outputs switch from 0 to 1 when the values of the
parameters exceed 85 km/hr, 2 bar, 40 0 C and 50%, respectively. A logic circuit that is
used to switch ON a lamp at the output E is shown below.
Which of the following condition will not switch the lamp ON?
(a) v  85km / hr , p  2 bar , t  40 0 C , h  50%
V
(b) v  85km / hr , p  2 bar , t  40 C , h  50%
0
P
(c) v  85km / hr , p  2 bar , t  40 0 C , h  50% E
(d) v  85km / hr , p  2 bar , t  400 C , h  50% T
H
Ans: (d)
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JRF/NET-(DEC-2013)
Q21. Consider the op-amp circuit shown in the figure.
If the input is a sinusoidal wave Vi  5 sin 1000t  , then 1 F
the amplitude of the output V0 is

1K
5 1K
(a) (b) 5 Vi  Vo
2 
5 2
(c) (d) 5 2
2
Ans: (c)
vo X RF X C 10 3 1
Solution:   F , XF   where R F  1  10 3 , X C 
vin R1 RF  X C 1  j  j  10  10 6
3
vo 10 3 1 1 5 5 2
  3   vo  sin t  sin t
vin 2 10 2 2 2
Q22. If one of the inputs of a J-K flip flop is high and the other is low, then the outputs Q and
Q
(a) oscillate between low and high in race around condition
(b) toggle and the circuit acts like a T flip flop
(c) are opposite to the inputs
(d) follow the inputs and the circuit acts like an R  S flip flop
Ans: (d)
Q23. A sample of Si has electron and hole mobilities of 0.13 and 0.05 m 2 /V- s respectively at
300 K. It is doped with P and Al with doping densities of 1.5  10 21 / m 3 and
2.5  10 21 / m 3 respectively. The conductivity of the doped Si sample at 300 K is
(a) 8  1 m 1 (b) 32  1 m 1 (c) 20.8  1 m 1 (d) 83.2  1 m 1
Ans: (a)
Solution: Resulting doped crystal is p-type and p p  2.5  1.5  10 21 / m 3  1  10 21 / m 3
  en p  n  p p  p   ep p  p  1.6  10 19  1  10 21  0.05  8  1 m 1
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Q24. Two identical Zener diodes are placed back to back in series and are connected to a
variable DC power supply. The best representation of the I-V characteristics of the circuit
is
(a) I (b) I
V V
(c) I (d) I
V V
Ans: (d)
Q25. A 4-variable switching function is given by f   5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15  d 0, 1, 2  , where
d is the do-not-care-condition. The minimized form of f in sum of products (SOP) form

is
(a) A C  B D (b) AB  CD (c) AD  BC (d) B D  BD
Ans: (d) CD CD CD CD
AB    BD
AB 1 1 BD
AB 1 1
AB 1 1
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2014)
Q26. The inner shield of a triaxial conductor is driven by an (ideal) op-amp follower circuit as
shown. The effective capacitance between the signal-carrying conductor and ground is
Signal


(a) unaffected (b) doubled (c) halved (d) made zero

Ans: (a)
Q27. An op-amp based voltage follower
(a) is useful for converting a low impedance source into a high impedance source.
(b) is useful for converting a high impedance source into a low impedance source.
(c) has infinitely high closed loop output impedance
(d) has infinitely high closed loop gain
Ans: (b)
Q28. An RC network produces a phase-shift of 30 o . How many such RC networks should be
cascaded together and connected to a Common Emitter amplifier so that the final circuit
behaves as an oscillator?
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 3
Ans: (a)
Solution: Total phase shift must be 0 or 3600. Common Emitter amplifier has phase change of
1800 so we need 6 RC network for next 1800 phase shift.
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Q29. For the logic circuit shown in the below
X
B
A simplified equivalent circuit is A

(a) A (b) B
B X X
C
C
A A
(c) (d)
B B
X X
C C
Ans: (d)
Solution:
A A
A.B  A  B  AC
B X
B
C
C
ABC
X   A  B  AC  ABC  AC  ABC  ABC  AC  AB  A  B  C 
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NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
Q30. Consider the amplifier circuit comprising of the two op-amps A1 and A2 as shown in the
figure. 1M
R
 10 K

 r
A1  V0
A2
If the input ac signal source has an impedance of 50 k  , which of the following

statements is true?
(a) A1 is required in the circuit because the source impedance is much greater than r
(b) A1 is required in the circuit because the source impedance is much less than R
(c) A1 can be eliminated from the circuit without affecting the overall gain
(d) A1 is required in the circuit if the output has to follow the phase of the input signal
Ans: (a)
Solution: A1 is required in the circuit because the source impedance is much greater than r
Q31. The I  V characteristics of the diode in the circuit below is given by
V  0.7  / 500 for V  0.7
I  
 0 for V  0.7
where V is measured in volts and I is measured in amperes.
1K I
10 V
The current I in the circuit is

(a) 10.0 mA (b) 9.3 mA (c) 6.2 mA (d) 6.7 mA
Ans: (c)
Solution: Applying K.V.L. 10  1000  I  V  0  10  1000  V  0.7  / 500  V  0
 10  2 V  0.7   V  0  3V  11.4  V  3.8 Volts
Thus I  V  0.7  / 500   3.8  0.7  / 500  3.1/ 500  6.2 mA

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Q32. In a measurement of the viscous drag force experienced by spherical particles in a liquid,
the force is found to be proportional to V 1 / 3 where V is the measured volume of each
particle. If V is measured to be 30 mm 3 , with an uncertainty of 2.7 mm 3 , the resulting
relative percentage uncertainty in the measured force is
(a) 2.08 (b) 0.09 (c) 6 (d) 3
Ans: (b)
2
 F  2
Solution: The relative percentage uncertainty in the measure force is    2

 V  V
F
 F 
F     V where  V is the uncertainty in the measurement of volume.
 V 
F 1 2 / 3
 F  V 1/3   V
V 3
1 1 1 1
F   V   2.7   2.7   2.7   F  0.09
3  30 3   900 3  9.7
2/3 2/3 1/ 3
3V
Q33. Consider a Low Pass (LP) and a High Pass (HP) filter with cut-off frequencies f LP and
f HP , respectively, connected in series or in parallel configurations as shown in the
Figures A and B below. 
fHP
(A) Input  L Output (B) Input Output
fHP fLP
L
Which of the following statements is correct? fLP
(a) For f HP  f LP , A acts as a Band Pass filter and B acts as a band Reject filter
(b) For f HP  f LP , A stops the signal from passing through and B passes the signal
without filtering
(c) For f HP  f LP , A acts as a Band Pass filter and B passes the signal without filtering
(d) For f HP  f LP , A passes the signal without filtering and B acts as a Band Reject filter
Ans: (c)
Q34. The power density of sunlight incident on a solar cell is 100 mW / cm 2 . Its short circuit
current density is 30 mA / cm 2 and the open circuit voltage is 0.7 V . If the fill factor of
the solar cell decreases from 0.8 to 0.5 then the percentage efficiency will decrease from
(a) 42.0 to 26.2 (b) 24.0 to 16.8 (c) 21.0 to 10.5 (d) 16.8 to 10.5
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Ans: (d)
Solution: The efficiency of a solar cell is determined as the fraction of incident power which is
converted to electricity and is defined as
Voc I sc FF
 and Pmax  Voc I sc FF
Pin
where Voc is the open circuit voltage, I sc is the short circuit current density , FF is the
Fill factor, Pin is the input power and  is the efficiency of the solar cell.
Given Pin  100 mW / cm2 , I sc  30 mA / cm 2 , Voc  0.7 V
Let 1 is the efficiency of solar cell when FF  0.8
 0.7 V    30  103 A / cm2   0.8 16.8

 1  3
  1  0.168
100  10 W / cm 2
100
Let 2 is the efficiency of solar cell when FF  0.5
 0.7 V    30  103 A / cm2   0.5 10.5

 2  3
  2  0.105
100  10 W / cm 2
100
Thus efficiency decreases from 1  16.8% to 2  10.5%
NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
Q35. The concentration of electrons, n and holes p , for an intrinsic semiconductor at a
3
 E 
temperature T can be expressed as n  p  AT 2 exp   g  , where Eg is the band
 2 k BT 
3
gap and A is a constant. If the mobility of both types of carrier is proportional to T 2
,
then the log of the conductivity is a linear function of T 1 , with slope
Eg Eg  Eg  Eg
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 2k B  kB  2k B  kB
Ans. (c)
3
  Eg  23   Eg 
Solution:  i  ni e  e   p   T 2 exp    T   i  C exp  
 2 k BT   2k B T 
Eg  Eg
ln  i    ln C  slope is
2 k BT 2k B
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 Pa 4
Q36. The viscosity  of a liquid is given by Poiseuille’s formula   . Assume that
8lV
l and V can be measured very accurately, but the pressure P has an rms error of 1% and
the radius a has an independent rms error of 3% . The rms error of the viscosity is
closest to
(a) 2% (b) 4% (c) 12% (d) 13%
Ans. (c)
Solution:   k pa 4
2
     
     p2     a2   a 4   p2   4 Pa 3   a2
2 2 2
n
 P   a 
2
 p
2 2
n   a 
 n 100    p  100   16  a 100   1  16  3  1  144  145
2 2
     
n 
 n 100   12%
 
Q37. Consider the circuits shown in figures (a) and (b) below
2K 1K
10 K 10 K
10V 10V
10.7V 5V
(a) (b)
If the transistors in Figures (a) and (b) have current gain   dc  of 100 and 10 respectively,
then they operate in the

(a) active region and saturation region respectively
(b) saturation region and active region respectively
(c) saturation region in both cases
(d) active region in both cases
Ans. (b)
Solution: In both case input section is F.B.
10.7  0.7
For figure (a) I B   1 mA  I C  BI B  100 mA
10
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Thus VCB  VC  VB  10  2  100   0.7  ve
 output section is F.B.

since both section are F.B. so it is in saturation region.
5  0.7
For Figure (b) I B   0.43 mA  I C  BI B  4.3 mA
10
Thus VCB  VC  VB  10  4.3  0.7)   ve
 out put section is R.B.

Thus it is in active region
Q38. In the circuit given below, the thermistor has a resistance 3 k at 250 C . Its resistance
decreases by 150 per 0 C upon heating. The output voltage of the circuit at 300 C is
T
1V

1K
 Vout
(a) 3.75 V (b) 2.25 V (c) 2.25 V (d) 3.75 V

Ans. (c)
Solution: At 300 C Resistance
 3000  150  5  2250 
RF 2250
 V0   vi   1  V0  2.25 volts
R1 1000
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NET/JRF (DEC-2015)
Q39. If the reverse bias voltage of a silicon varactor is increased by a factor of 2 , the
corresponding transition capacitance
(a) increases by a factor of 2 (b) increases by a factor of 2
(c) decreases by a factor of 2 (d) decreases by a factor of 2
Ans.: (c)
1 CT V C V 1
Solution: CT     T   CT  CT
V CT V CT 2V 2
Q40. If the parameters y and x are related by y  log  x  , then the circuit that can be used to
produce an output voltage V0 varying linearly with x is
(a) y (b) y
 
Vo Vo
 
(c) (d)
y  y 
Vo Vo
 
Ans.: (c)
Solution: (1) Integrator
(2) Logarithmic Ampere V0  log y 
(3) Anti-log V0  e y  x 
(4) Differentiator
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Q41. The state diagram corresponding to the following circuit is
x D A
y
CLOCK
Flip Flop
00, 01,10 01,11
(a) 11 00 (b) 00,10 00,10
0 1 0 1
01,10,11 01,11
00,11 00, 01,10

(c) 01,10 00,10 (d) 11 11
0 1 0 1
00,11 00, 01,10

Ans.: (d)
Solution: DA  xy  A
Input Present Flip-Flop Next State

x y State A Input DA A
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
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Q42. A sinusoidal signal of peak to peak amplitude 1V and unknown time period is input to
the following circuit for 5 second’s duration. If the counter measures a value  3E 8  H in
hexadecimal, then the time period of the input signal is

0.1  F
 10 bit
Vi  counter
1K 10 K
(a) 2.5 ms (b) 4 ms (c) 10 ms (d) 5 ms

Ans.: (d)
Solution:  3E 8  H  3 162  14 16  8 1  1000 10
In 5 sec, number of counts is 1000

Then count per sec is  200 count/sec
1
So, T  sec  5ms
200
NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
Q43. The dependence of current I on the voltage V of a certain device is given by
2
 V 
I  I 0 1  
 V0 
where I 0 and V0 are constants. In an experiment the current I is measured as the voltage
V applied across the device is increased. The parameters V0 and I 0 can be graphically
determined as
(a) the slope and the y -intercept of the I  V 2 graph
(b) the negative of the ratio of the y -intercept and the slope, and the y -intercept of the
I  V 2 graph
(c) the slope and the y -intercept of the I  V graph
(d) the negative of the ratio of the y -intercept and the slope, and the y -intercept of the
I  V graph
Ans: (d)
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 V 
2
 V   I0 I
Solution: I  I 0 1    I  I 0 1    I  V  I0
 V0   V0  V0
 I0  I0
Slope    V0
V0  I0 V
V0
Intercept on y -axis  I 0
Q44. In the schematic figure given below, assume that the propagation delay of each logic gate
is t . 5 V
gate
The propagation delay of the circuit will be maximum when the logic inputs A and B
make the transition
(a)  0,1  1,1 (b) 1,1   0,1
(c)  0, 0   1,1 (d)  0, 0    0,1
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Input Output
A B NOT OR AND OR
0 1 0 0 0 0
    3t
1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1
    3t
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1
    t
1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
    4t
0 1 0 0 0 0
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Q45. Given the input voltage Vi , which of the following waveforms correctly represents the
output voltage V0 in the circuit shown below?
0.5 10 K
5K
Vi 0 Vi 
t
V0
0.5V 
5K 10 K
0.5
0
3.0 3.0
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.5
2.0 t V0 2.0
V0
1.5 1.5
1.0 1.0 t
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
0 0
3.0 3.0
(c) 2.5 (d) 2.5
2.0 2.0 t
V0 1.5 V0 1.5
1.0 t 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.00
0
Ans: (b)
 10  10 10
Solution: V0   1     0.5   Vi  V0  1  2Vi
 5  15 5
When Vi  0  V0  1V , when Vi  0.1V  V0  0.8 V , when Vi  0.5V  V0  0V
Q46. The decay constants f p of the heavy pseudo-scalar mesons, in the heavy quark limit, are
a
related to their masses m p by the relation f p  , where a is an empirical parameter
mp
to be determined. The values m p   6400  160  MeV and f p  180  15  MeV
correspond to uncorrelated measurements of a meson. The error on the estimate of a is

3 3 3 3
(a) 175  MeV  2 (b) 900  MeV  2 (c) 1200  MeV  2 (d) 2400  MeV  2
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: a  f p m p
1/ 2
2 2
 a  2  a  2 a a f
 
2
  f p     m p   m1/p 2 and  p1
a f p
   m p  f p m p
2m p2
1
f 2
  f
2 
2
 m 
2
  f 2
   mp 
2
2
  a2  m p 2f p   m2    p    a  a  p 
p
 p
a
    
4m p p
a  fp

2

 2m p 
   f p   2m p  
 
 a  f p m1/p 2  180 MeV  6400 MeV   180  80  MeV 

1/ 2 3/ 2
2 2
  fp   15  2 3
  mp   160  2 4
      6.9  10 and       1.56  10
 fp   180   2m p   2  6400 
   MeV 
1/ 2
 a  180  80  MeV 
3/ 2 1/ 2 3/ 2
6.9  103  1.56  104   180  80  7  103
  a  1204  MeV 
3/ 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
Q47. Which of the following circuits implements the Boolean function
F  A, B, C    1, 2, 4, 6  ?
C I0 C I0
(a) I1 4  1 (b) I1 4  1
I MUX
2
F I MUX
2
F
I 3 S1 S0 I 3 S1 S0
A B A B
C I0 0 I0
(c) I1 4  1 (d) I1 4  1
1
I MUX
2
F I MUX
2
F
I 3 S1 S0 C I 3 S1 S0
A B A B
Ans. : (b)
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Solution:
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 F C
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 F C
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 F C
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 F C
  aV  
Q48. The I  V characteristics of a device can be expressed as I  I s exp    1 , where T
  T  
is the temperature and a and I s are constants independent of T and V . Which one of
the following plots is correct for a fixed applied voltage V ?

3 2
(a) (b) 1
2
0
log I
log I
1 1
2
0 3 3
1 2 3 0 1 2
aV / T aV / T
2 4
1 3
(c) (d)
2
0 1
log I
log I
1 0
1
2
2
3 3 3
0 1 2 0 1 2 3
aV / T aV / T
Ans. : (d)
av
Solution: Let  x For large x ; I  I s e x  log e I  log e Is  x  log e I  x
T
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Q49. The active medium in a blue LED (light emitting diode) is a Gax In1 x N alloy. The band
gaps of GaN and InN are 3.5 eV and 1.5 eV respectively. If the band gap of Gax In1 x N
varies approximately linearly with x , the value of x required for the emission of blue
light of wavelength 400 nm is (take hc  1200 eV -nm )
(a) 0.95 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.33
Ans. : (b)
Solution: EgGaN  3.5eV and EgInN  1.5eV E  eV 
Band Gap energy of Gax In1 x N is E  x . 3.5

3.0
For blue light of wavelength 400nm , the band gap
1.5
hc 1200 eV .nm
energy is    3.0 eV .
 400nm x
0 x? 1
 3.5 1.5   3.0 1.5 
Thus equating slopes we get;     2x  1.5  x  0.75
 1 0   x  0 
Q50. In the circuit below, the input voltage Vi is 2V ,Vcc  16 V , R2  2k  and RL  10 k 
VCC


Vi  R1 RL
R2
The value of R1 required to deliver 10 mW of power across RL is
(a) 12k (b) 4k (c) 8k (d) 14 k

Ans. : (c)
0  vi vi  v0 v0  0 
Solution: Apply kCL ; I 2  I1  I L    Vo
R2 R1 RL 
Vi I1
2
Vi
v R1 RL
pL  0
 10mW  v0  10V I2 R2
RL IL
0  2 2  10 10V 8
    1   R1  8 k 
2 R1 10k R1
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Q51. Two sinusoidal signals are sent to an analog multiplier of scale factor 1V 1 followed by a
low pass filter (LPF).
V1  5cos 100t 
LPF
Multiplier fC  5Hz
Vout
V2  20 cos 100t   / 3
If the roll-off frequency of the LPF is f c  5 Hz , the output voltage Vout is
(a) 5V (b) 25V (c) 100 V (d) 50V

Ans. : (b)
Solution: After multiplying
  1     
5cos 100t   20 cos 100t    1V 1  100  cos  200t    cos  
 3 2  3  3 
    1
 50 cos  200t    
  3  2
1
After pass L.P.F. v0  50   25V
2
Q52. The resistance of a sample is measured as a function of temperature, and the data are
shown below.
T  0C 2 4 6 8
R  90 105 110 115
The slope of R vs T graph, using a linear least-squares fit to the data, will be
6 4 2 8
(a) 0
(b) 0
(c) 0
(d) 0
C C C C
Ans. : (b)
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q53. In the n -channel JFET shown in figure below, Vi  2V , C  10 pF , VDD  16 V and
RD  2k  . VDD
RD
D C
VO
Vi
G
S
If the drain D - source S saturation current I DSS is 10 mA and the pinch-off voltage VP is
8V , then the voltage across points D and S is

(a) 11.125 V (b) 10.375 V (c) 5.75 V (d) 4.75 V
Ans. : (d)
Solution: VGSQ  VGG  2V
z z
 V   2 
I DQ  I DSS 1  GS   10mA 1    5.63mA
 VP   8 
VDS  VDD  I D RD  16  5.63  z  4.8V
1
Q54. The gain of the circuit given below is  .
 RC
C
R V
Vin 
a Vout
 b
V
ground
The modification in the circuit required to introduce a dc feedback is to add a resistor
(a) between a and b
(b) between positive terminal of the op-amp and ground
(c) in series with C
(d) parallel to C
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Ans. : (d)
Q55. A 2  4 decoder with an enable input can function as a
(a) 4 1 multiplexer (b) 1 4 demultiplexer
(c) 4  2 encoder (d) 4  2 priority encoder
Ans. : (b)
Q56. The experimentally measured values of the variables x and y are 2.00  0.05 and
3.00  0.02 respectively. What is the error in the calculated value of z  3 y  2 x from the
measurements?
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.05 (c) 0.03 (d) 0.07
Ans. : (a)
Solution: z  3 y  2 x
2 2
 z   z 
     y2     x2  9 y2  4 x2  0.12
2
z
 y   x 
Q57. Let I 0 be the saturation current,  the ideality factor and vF and vR the forward and
reverse potentials respectively, for a diode. The ratio RR / RF of its reverse and forward
resistances RR and RF , respectively, varies as (In the following k B is the Boltzmann
constant, T is the absolute temperature and q is the charge.)
vR  qv  vF  qv 
(a) exp  F  (b) exp  F 
vF   k BT  vR   k BT 
vR  qv  vF  qv 
(c) exp   F  (d) exp   F 
vF   k BT  vR   k BT 
Ans. : (a)
KT
Solution: I  I 0  eV /VT  1 , VT 
q
RR VR / I R VR I F
  
RF VF / I F VF I R
RR VR I 0 eVF /VT VR  qV 
   exp  F 
RF VF I0 VF  KT 
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Q58. In the figures below, X and Y are one bit inputs. The circuit which corresponds to a one
bit comparator is
X
X Y
(a) Y
X Y
X Y
X
X Y
(b)
X Y
Y X Y
X
(c) X Y
X Y
Y X Y
X
X Y
(d)
Y
X Y
Y X Y
Ans. : (c)
Solution: (a) 01  XY , 02  XY , 03  0
(b). 01  XY , 02  XY , 03  Y
(c) 01  XY , 02  XY , 03  XY  XY  X  Y (equality comparator )
(d) 01  XY , 02  X  Y , 03  XY
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Q59. Both the data points and a linear fit to the current vs voltage of a resistor are shown in the
graph below. 1
I (amps)
0 V  volts  25
If the error in the slope is 1.255  103  1 , then the value of resistance estimated from the
graph is
(a)  0.04  0.8   (b)  25.0  0.8  
(c)  25  1.25   (d)  25  0.0125  
Ans. : (b)
I max  I min 1 0 1
Solution: Slope     m (let)
Vmax  Vmin 25  0 25
V 1 R 1
I   mV  R   25 where  2
R m m m
2
 R  2 1 2
Error in R is  R2    m  4 m  R m
4 2
 m  m
  R  R 2 m   25  1.255 103  0.8  R   25.0  0.8  

2
Q60. In the following operational amplifier circuit Cin  10 nF , Rin  20 k , RF  200 k  and
RF
CF  100 pF .
CF
Ri Ci

Vin
Vout

The magnitude of the gain at a input signal frequency of 16 kHz is

(a) 67 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.3 (d) 3.5
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Ans. : (d)
1 1
RF  / RF 
Vo z RF  X CF J  cF J  cF
Solution:  F  
Vin zi Ri  X Ci  1 
 Ri  
 J  ci 
Vo  RF /  J  cF RF  1  RF j ci
  
Vin  jci Ri  1 / jci  jcF RF  1 1  j Ri ci 
Vo  ci RF
  ,   2 f
Vin 1   cF RF  1   Ri ci 
2 2

V0

 2  16 103 10 109  200  103 
Vln 1  4 2 16 103   200 103  100  1012  1  4 2 16  103   20  103  10  109 
2 2 2 2 2 2
64
  4.96
20.12  20.12
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
32

6.electronics and Experimental Methods - NET-JRF - June 2011-June 2017

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fiziks

Q1. A signal of frequency 10 k Hz is being digitalized by an A/D converter. A possible

The truth table for the circuit can be written as

The entries in the Z column (vertically) are

(d) low pass filter with cutoff frequency 100 Hz 

(a) 1.0 V (b) 0.5V (c) 0 V (d) 5.0V

(a) 1000 (b) 0001 (c) 0011 (d) 1100

(a) -0.33 V (b) -0.50 V (c) -1.00 V (d) -0.25 V

(d) 0.98 and - 35

(a) y  A  B (b) y  A  B (c) y  A  B (d) y  A  B

Solution: Output of each Ex-OR gate is A and B . Thus y  A  B  A  B

The value of v D in the circuit is iD

correctly represents the load line and quiescent Q point?

(d) v  85km / hr , p  2 bar , t  400 C , h  50% T

the amplitude of the output V0 is

  en p  n  p p  p   ep p  p  1.6  10 19  1  10 21  0.05  8  1 m 1

d is the do-not-care-condition. The minimized form of f in sum of products (SOP) form

(a) unaffected (b) doubled (c) halved (d) made zero

A simplified equivalent circuit is A

X   A  B  AC  ABC  AC  ABC  ABC  AC  AB  A  B  C 

If the input ac signal source has an impedance of 50 k  , which of the following

The current I in the circuit is

 10  2 V  0.7   V  0  3V  11.4  V  3.8 Volts

Thus I  V  0.7  / 500   3.8  0.7  / 500  3.1/ 500  6.2 mA

Given Pin  100 mW / cm2 , I sc  30 mA / cm 2 , Voc  0.7 V

Let 1 is the efficiency of solar cell when FF  0.8

 0.7 V    30  103 A / cm2   0.8 16.8

 0.7 V    30  103 A / cm2   0.5 10.5

then they operate in the

 output section is F.B.

 out put section is R.B.

(a) 3.75 V (b) 2.25 V (c) 2.25 V (d) 3.75 V

produce an output voltage V0 varying linearly with x is

(3) Anti-log V0  e y  x 

00,11 00, 01,10

00,11 00, 01,10

Input Present Flip-Flop Next State

hexadecimal, then the time period of the input signal is

(a) 2.5 ms (b) 4 ms (c) 10 ms (d) 5 ms

In 5 sec, number of counts is 1000

output voltage V0 in the circuit shown below?

to be determined. The values m p   6400  160  MeV and f p  180  15  MeV

correspond to uncorrelated measurements of a meson. The error on the estimate of a is

 a  f p m1/p 2  180 MeV  6400 MeV   180  80  MeV 

the following plots is correct for a fixed applied voltage V ?

Band Gap energy of Gax In1 x N is E  x . 3.5

The value of R1 required to deliver 10 mW of power across RL is

(a) 12k (b) 4k (c) 8k (d) 14 k

If the roll-off frequency of the LPF is f c  5 Hz , the output voltage Vout is

(a) 5V (b) 25V (c) 100 V (d) 50V

R  90 105 110 115

8V , then the voltage across points D and S is

VDS  VDD  I D RD  16  5.63  z  4.8V

resistances RR and RF , respectively, varies as (In the following k B is the Boltzmann

constant, T is the absolute temperature and q is the charge.)

(c) 01  XY , 02  XY , 03  XY  XY  X  Y (equality comparator )

(c)  25  1.25   (d)  25  0.0125  

  R  R 2 m   25  1.255 103  0.8  R   25.0  0.8  

The magnitude of the gain at a input signal frequency of 16 kHz is

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