1.4a & 1.

4b Exam Questions

Name: Zaka Ahmed Form: S1M MTG: Current Grade:

Assessed by: Peer? □ Self? □ Teacher? □

1. The following Run Length Encoded Sequence has been created. Decompress each line [8
into the original binary data. ]

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

2. Calculate the denary value of this 8-bit binary code. Show your working out. [3
11110100 ]
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Denary value = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4
= 244

3. Calculate the value of this 16-bit binary code. Show your working out. [3
0000000111110100 ]
32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
Denary value = 256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4
= 500

4. The symbol } has an ascii code of 125. Identify the binary code for it in 8 bit format. [3
]
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
 Binary code = 01111101
5. What is the difference between lossy and lossless data compression? [2
]
Lossy data compression permanently deleted data and reduces the quality of a file.
Lossless data, on the other hand, when compressed, remains the same quality and can
be decompressed to the original quality.

6. Give an example of where Run Length Encoding is used in multimedia. [1

]
An example of where RLE is used is a codec

7. The BBC website streams news and sports videos.

Explain why the video is compressed when it is encoded [2
]
When video is encoded it needs to store images as well as sound. HD quality videos
contain higher quality images and thus take up a larger amount of space. An
uncompressed, one-hour HD video with 24fps would require 334GB of storage. This
would be too much data to broadcast. Therefore, compression is required.

8. Identify three factors that will affect the size of a video file [3
]
Resolution, Image size, Bit rate

9. What is a codec? [1
]
A codec is a program which compresses data to allow faster transmission, and
decompresses received data. An example is the common lossy compression format,
MP4.

10.Distinguish between sample rate and bit rate. [2

]
Sample rate, also known as frequency, is the number of audio samples per second.
Sample rate is measured in Hertz (Hz). Bit rate, on the other hand, is the number of bits
that are processed every second. It is measured in kilobits per second (kbps). A
calculation can be used to measure the bit rate by multiplying the sample rate by bit
depth and number of channels.

11.The database field named Location has been filled in using coded data. [6
]
LOCATION
WW
NG
WW
EA
NG
WW
NG
EA
LOCATION
EA
WW

Identify three benefits and three drawbacks of using coded data.

Coding is the process of representing data by assigning a code to it for classification or
identification. In the example above, names of locations have been abbreviated to a
two-letter code. There are several reasons for coding data, thus there are several
advantages but also disadvantages of doing so.

The obvious advantage for coding data is that a lot less storage space is required
because less characters are used to store the data. Instead of typing out the whole
name for the location, an abbreviated 2-letter code is used, meaning that data can be
presented in small spaces, such as on labels or when listing large amounts of data.

Another key advantage concerns processing of this data. Data can be input more quickly
because only 2 letters need to be input in this case instead of the whole name of the
location. Also, processors can process data more quickly because they only must
process the coded data instead of the whole word, this can save a lot of time if you
have huge spreadsheet systems or databases containing this data.

However, there are several drawbacks to consider when talking about coding data. One
key disadvantage is a lack of efficiency. If a user inputting codes does not know what
code to use for a specific word or phrase, then they will have to look up the code and
waste time in doing so, making their input of data less efficient.

Another disadvantage is that there are limited codes. For the example above, if there is
more than one location which begins with “EA” then more letters need to be added. For
example, two towns “Eastwood” and “Eau Claire” could both be coded to “EA” but they
can’t have the same code, so one of them would have to be given a new code, and this
could mean adding a new letter.

A third disadvantage is that codes may be difficult to interpret. For example, with
international vehicle registration codes, Spain has the code “E”. Somebody might look at
the code “S” and assume it is Spain, when it is in fact Sweden.

However, it can be argued that if the correct does are used then data will be input
consistently without spelling errors, making it to easier to be searched or summarised.
Also, sometimes data can be coded so that only the people who know what it means
can understand them and decode them. This is a key advantage when considering
confidentiality, as coding private data can keep it confidential and only the people
whom the user wants to share the data with can decode it.