School of Nautical Studies

STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

No 01 (Mar 05)

Q1

1. (a) To survive a breach of the hull, a vessel requires a certain

amount of reserve buoyancy. This requires a minimum
freeboard. The required loadlines are measured and marked on
the ships side by the vessels classification society. These marks
on the ships side allow the crew and officials to see whether the
vessel is overloaded.

(b)
11.020 m

T DWA = 0.179 m
10.841 m

S – T = 0.221 m
Sinkage

S
10.620 m
0.205 m
10.415 m

To Calculate S - T

S – T = 1/48 x SD = 10.620 = 0.221 m

48

To Calculate the DWA

DWA = FWA x (1025 ~  DW)

25

= 280 x (1025 - 1009)

25

DWA = 179 mm = 0.179m

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 1 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR
School of Nautical Studies

To Calculate Sinkage

Required Sinkage = Required Draught – Present Draught

= 11.020- 10.415

Required Sinkage = 0.605 m = 60.5 cm

To Calculate the Cargo to Load

Cargo to Load = Sinkage x TPCDW

= 60.5 x 26

Cargo to Load = 1573 t

The Cargo to Load is 1573 tonnes

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 2 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR
School of Nautical Studies

Q2

(a) LIST

A vessel is said to be listed when inclined by an INTERNAL FORCE

e.g. by a weight shifted transversely within the vessel. G is off the
centreline. The vessel is initially stable.

ANGLE of LOLL

An Angle of Loll is caused when the vessel is initially unstable in the

upright condition. As the vessel inclines, M moves in a circular motion
upwards. If M moves above G, then the vessel will come to rest at that
angle. This angle is known as the angle of loll. In this case G is on the
Centreline.

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 3 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR
School of Nautical Studies

(b) If an angle of Loll does develop on a voyage, the v/l’s COG may be
lowered to restore positive GM, either by moving cargo to a lower
position in the v/l, jettisoning top weight (in an emergency), or by filling
low ballast spaces, such as Double Bottoms (DB’s).

Filling DB’s is the most usual course of action decided upon, but it must
be remembered that filling a previously empty tank will, during the
operation, cause a further ‘virtual rise’ in G due to FSE until the tank is
completely full. To ensure the operation is carried out safely, therefore,
it is essential that the following procedures are adopted:

1. top up tanks that are already slack.

2. calculate the FSE which will arise before pumping into empty tanks.
This will ensure that the rise of G during the operation is acceptable.

3. fill empty tanks one at a time.

4. start with the smallest tank on the LOW side first. If a tank on the high
side is filled first, the ship will start to right herself but will then tend to
roll over suddenly in an uncontrolled fashion as she passes through the
upright. She will then ‘whip’ through to a larger angle of loll on the
other side. She may even capsize if the momentum gathered is
sufficient. When the low side is filled first, the angle of list will increase
initially, but in a slow and controlled fashion. After some time, the
weight of the ballast water added will be sufficient to lower the ship’s
COG (despite the extra FSE), to cause the angle of list to decrease.
By this method the inclining motions of the v/l take place in a gradual
and controlled manner (see over page).

5. now fill the opposite tank on the high side.

6. fill tanks alternately, low side first, until the v/l returns to positive GM.

7. ensure that all tanks are completely filled.

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 4 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR
School of Nautical Studies

(c) KM 9.000m
KG 8.200m
GM 0.800m

To Calculate the amount of cargo to load

For a vessel to be upright:

Moments to Port = Moments to Starboard

Δ x GGh = wxs

(Since GGh = GM Tan θ)

Δ x GM Tan θ= wxs

10400 x 0.8 tanθ = w x 13.5

581.791 = 13.5w

581.791 = w
13.5

43.1 = w

43.1 tonnes are to be loaded in the Starboard Tween Deck

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 5 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR
School of Nautical Studies

(d) To Calculate Sinkage

Total Cargo Loaded = 43.1 + 700 = 743.1 tonnes

Assuming that the TPC remains contant

Sinkage = Weight Loaded

TPC

Sinkage = 743.1
32

Sinkage = 23.2 cms = 0.232m

To Calculate the Final Mean Draught

Old draught 6.240m

Sinkage + 0.232m
New draught 6.472m

The Completion draught will be 6.47m

SQA Stability and Operations Past Papers 6 24/12/2017

No 01 March 2005 APR