Amino Acids

Amino Acid Structures.

Neutral–Nonpolar R Groups Neutral–Polar R Groups Acidic R Groups
TECHNICAL REFERENCE

Glycine (Gly or G) -Alanine (Ala or A)

L L -Serine (Ser or S) L -Threonine (Thr or T) L -Aspartic acid (Asp or D) -Glutamic acid (Glu or E)
L
H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O
H N+ C C H N+ C C H N+ C C H N+ C C H N+ C C H N+ C C
O–
H H O– H CH3 O– H CH2 O– H C CH3 H CH2 O– H CH2 O–
H
OH OH C CH2
–
-Valine (Val or V)
L -Isoleucine (IIeu or I)
L -Tyrosine (Tyr or Y)
L -Tryptophan (Trp or W)
L O O C
H H O H H O H H H H –
O O O O
+ +
H N C C H N C C H N+ C C H N+ C C
– –
H CH O H CH O
H CH2 O– H CH2 O–
Basic R Groups
H3C CH3 CH2 CH3
C CH
H3C NH L -Lysine (Lys or K) -Arginine (Arg or R)
L
H H O H H O
-Leucine (Leu or L) -Phenylalanine (Phe or F) OH
L L H N+ C C H N+ C C
H H O H H O –
L -Asparagine (Asn or N) L -Glutamine (Gln or Q) H CH2 O H CH2 O–
H N+ C C H N+ C C H H H H
O O CH2 CH2
H CH2 O– H CH2 O–
H N+ C C H N+ C C +
CH2 NH2 CH2
CH H CH2 O– H CH2 O–
H3N+ CH2 H2N C NH
H3C CH3
C NH2 CH2
O C NH2 L-Histidine (His or H)
L -Proline (Pro or P) L-Methionine (Met or M) O H H O
H H O H H O
L -Cysteine (Cys or C) H N+ C C
+ +
H N C C H N C C H H O–
O H CH2

4092MA04_3A
CH2 CH2 O– H CH2 O–
H N+ C C C NH
CH2 CH2 O– C
H CH2
HC N+
S CH3 SH H

Amino Acid Abbreviations and Molecular Weights. Peptide Bond Formation.

Three-Letter One-Letter Molecular
H H O H H O
Amino Acid Abbreviation Symbol Weight
H N+ C C O– + H N+ C C O–
Alanine Ala A 89Da

4737MA
H R1 H R2
Arginine Arg R 174Da
Asparagine Asn N 132Da
H H O H O
Aspartic acid Asp D 133Da amino H N+ C C N C C O– carboxy
Asparagine or terminus H R1 H R2 terminus
aspartic acid Asx B   133Da
Cysteine Cys C 121Da R1 and R2 represent the R groups of the two amino acids.
Glutamine Gln Q 146Da
Glutamic acid Glu E 147Da
Glutamine or
The Genetic Code.
glutamic acid Glx Z   147Da
Glycine Gly G 75Da 2nd Position
Histidine His H 155Da U C A G
Isoleucine Ile I 131Da UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr UGU Cys U
Leucine Leu L 131Da UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys C
U
UUA Leu UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop A
Lysine Lys K 146Da
UUG Leu UCG Ser UAG Stop UGG Trp G
Methionine Met M 149Da
CUU Leu CCU Pro CAU His CGU Arg U
Phenylalanine Phe F 165Da CUC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg C
C
Proline Pro P 115Da CUA Leu CCA Pro CAA Gln CGA Arg A
3rd Position
1st Position

Serine Ser S 105Da

Threonine Thr T 119Da
Tryptophan Trp W 204Da
Tyrosine Tyr Y 181Da
Valine Val V 117Da
The average molecular weight of an amino acid is 110Da.
Dalton (Da) is an alternate name for the atomic mass unit, and kilodalton (kDa) is 1,000 daltons. Thus
a protein with a mass of 64kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole.
PROMEGA CORPORATION
MADISON, WI 53711-5399 USA
CUG Leu CCG Pro CAG Gln CGG Arg G
AUU Ile ACU Thr AAU Asn AGU Ser U
AUC Ile ACC Thr AAC Asn AGC Ser C
A
AUA Ile ACA Thr AAA Lys AGA Arg A
AUG Met ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg G
GUU Val GCU Ala GAU Asp GGU Gly U
GUC Val GCC Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly C
G
GUA Val GCA Ala GAA Glu GGA Gly A
GUG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly G
The codons are read in the 5′ → 3′ direction.

Termination codons are in bold.

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AUG start codon is in bold italic.

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PART #GE626