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nks [rectangle in shape] are filled up with Isopropanaol (liquid 1) at the initial temperature of 45 oC and it is required to maintain the liquid temperature at 30oC
Project No: XXX All the tanks are placed adjacent to each other with minor gap in between. Tanks are stored in a closed building maintained at room temperature let's say 10 oC and a wind speed of around 2miles/hr.
Project Title: XXX How long will it take to drop down temperature from 45 to 30 oC with/without insulation OR after what time tanks are required to heat up with/without insulation ? Data is given as below.
Document: Storage Tank Heat Loss Calculation Colour Key
Sheet Ref: Tank Heat Loss Calcs - Liquid 1 Manual Input
Revision: 0 Results
Last Updated: 9/28/2009 Do not use
Important Notes:
1) Uniform temperature inside the tank
2) Provision is made to select back wall area - However, to calculate the maximum heat loss back wall area should be considered-- (see the cell number C330 and C335)
3) Provision is made to select insulation thickness --- (See the cell number C221)
Main Data Input
Physical Properties Units Air density at room temperature and pressure
Dry wall 7000 W/m2 K Source: Chemical Engineering Design by Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6, Page 640
Wet wall 5000 W/m2 K Source: Chemical Engineering Design by Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6, Page 640
Roof 7000 W/m2 K Source: Chemical Engineering Design by Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6, Page 640
Bottom 4000 W/m2 K Source: Chemical Engineering Design by Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6, Page 640
Metal walls (Carbon Steel, max 0.5% Carbon),kM 54 W/m K Source: Engg Toolbox : Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials
Insulation (Glass wool), kI 0.04 W/m K Source: Engg Toolbox : Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials
Ground (Earth), kG 1.5 W/m K Source: Engg Toolbox : Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials
Temperature Units
Calculation
Calculation for Grashof Number (NGr)
Grashof Number, NGr = L3 x ρ2 x g x ß x ΔT /µ2
NGr for the liquid phase
( ρ2 x g x ß x /µ2 ) 7.84E+08
( ρ2 x g x ß x /µ2 ) L3 x ΔT 7.84E+08 x L3 x ΔT
Note: as an initial approximation, assume that the wall temperature is the average of the vapour and outside air temp
Tw = (TV + TA )/ 2
Tw 21.5 oC
NGr 7.84E+08 x L3 x ΔT
L =2.55m
Proportional height in contact with liquid, Lw 2.42 m
ΔT = Tv - Tw 11.5 oC Lw
Proportional height in contact with vapour, L - Lw 0.13 m
NGr 2.19E+10
m
For vertical plates and cylinders, Nusselt Number, NNu
1
3.
NNu = 0.138 x (NGr)0.36 x ((NPr)0.175 - 0.55) -------------Equation 15
NNu 295.97 2.3 m
Note: Here, neither NPr nor (NGr NPr) falls within the range of application of the below equations. Therefore, again apply equation Equation 15 using average temp Tw
hLW =NNu x k/L ------------- Eq (a) applicable for the vertical plates taller than 3ft
for the surfaces facing down, NNu = 0.27 x (NGr NPr)0.25 -------------Equation 20 Where, 2 x 107 < (NGr NPr) < 3 x 1010
for the surfaces facing down, hVr = (0.27 x k/D) (NGr NPr)0.25 ------------- Eq (b) NGr NPr = 3.26E+10 ~ 2 x 10 < (NGr NPr) < 3 x 10
7 10
Note: We will apply equation (b) assuming roof of diameter and Tw = 21.5 o
C Note: Applied Equation 20 as (NGr NPr) is very close to the above range
NGr = 1.34E+08 x L3 x ΔT
Where,
ΔT = Tv - Tw oC
ΔT 11.5 oC
L =D m
L 3.01 m Calculated equivalent diameter from the roof/bottom area of tank Equivalent Diameter for Roof/Bottom
l 2.3 m
NGr = 4.21E+10 w 3.1 m
Area 7.13 m2
hVr 0.98 W/m2 K ------------- USING Eq (b) Equivalent Diameter 3.01 m
for the surfaces facing up, NNu = 0.14 x (NGr NPr)0.33 -------------- Equation 19 Where, 2 x 107 < (NGr NPr) < 3 x 1010
for the surfaces facing up, hLb = (0.14 x k/D) (NGr NPr)0.33 ------------- Eq ( c) NGr NPr = 8.99E+12 ≠ 2 x 10 < (NGr NPr) < 3 x 10
7 10
Tw = (TL + TG) /2 Note: Applied Equation 19, though (NGr NPr) is out of range???
Tw 23.5 oC
Note: We will apply equation (c) assuming tank bottom diameter and Tw = 23.5 oC
NGr = 7.84E+08 x L x ΔT
3
Where,
ΔT = TL - Tw oC
ΔT 11.5 oC
L =D m
L 3.01 m
NGr 2.47E+11
for the surfaces facing up, NNu = 0.14 x (NGr NPr)0.33 -------------- Equation 19
for the surfaces facing up, h'Ar = (0.14 x k/D) (NGr NPr)0.33 ------------- Eq (d)
Note: Assume Tws = Tw since the roof is uninsulated and get the coefficient for still air from equation (d)
Tw 21.5 oC
NGr 1.34E+08 x L3 x ΔT
Where,
ΔT = Tws - TA o
C
ΔT 11.5 oC
NGr 4.21E+10
ΔT = ((TL + TV ) / 2 ) - TA) / 4
ΔT 6 oC
NGr 1.34E+08 x L3 x ΔT
where,
L 2.55 m
NGr 1.33E+10
Conduction coefficients for ground, metal wall and insulation ( hG, hM, hI)
Where,
tM 6 mm thickness of metal
0.006 m
tI 25 mm thickness of insulation <------------- ENTER INSULATION THICKNESS
0.025 m
INSULATED
hM 9000.00 W/m2 K ------------- USING Equation 21
hI 1.60 W/m2 K ------------- USING Equation 22
hG 1.27 W/m2 K ------------- USING Equation 23
Radiation coefficients for dry and wet sidewalls, and roof (hRd, hRw, hRr)
Where,
Tbulk is the temperature of liquid or vapour inside the tank if the surface is insulated
For the UNINSULATED side walls, assume
Tw = TA + 0.5 (Tbulk - TA)
Where,
Tbulk is the temperature of liquid or vapour inside the tank if the surface is insulated
Vapour in tank, TV 33 oC
Liquid in tank. TL 35 oC
Outside air, TA 10 oC
Therefore, Tws for insulated DRYSIDE wall = TA + 0.25 (Tv - TA)
Tws 15.75 oC
Summary
Coefficient ( W/m2 K) Dry wall Wet wall Roof Bottom
L =2.55m
Length, l 2.3 m Lw
Width, w 3.1 m
Thickness, tM 0.006 m
m
1
Wet height, Lw 2.4225 m
3.
Dry height, Ld 0.1275 m
2.3 m
TOTAL dry side wall area, Ad = 2*((L - Lw)*l) + 2* ((L - Lw)*w)
DO YOU WANT TO CONSIDER BACK WALL AREA? YES <------------MAKE A SELECTION HERE
Ad 1.38 m2
Roof area, Ar = l * w
Ar 7.13 m2
Bottom area, Ab = l * w
Ab 7.13 m2
Vapour in tank, TV 33 oC
Liquid in tank. TL 35 oC
Outside air, TA 10 oC
Ground, TG 12 oC
SUMMARY
Surface U (W/m2 K ) Area (m2) ΔT (oC) Individual Heat Loss, q (W)
TOTAL heat loss from all the tanks, Q 6,678 J/sec TOTAL HEAT LOSS WITH INSULATION
Mass of liquid in one tank 13.65 T Mass content of liquid in the tank
Total mass of the liquid in all tanks 81.87 T
81,871 kg
Total volume of the tank =Lxlxw
ΔT 10 oC L= 2.55
l= 2.3
Overall Heat Loss affordable by tank liquid 2,456,139 kJ w= 3.1
2,456,138,835 J Volume = 18.18 m3
Total mass of liquid when tank is
100% full 14,363 kg
14.36 T
Time taken to drop the temperature up to 35 deg C 367,807 sec 100% liquid height equivalent to 14.36 T
102.17 hrs 95% liquid height equivalent to 13.65 T
4.26 days
TOTAL TIME TAKEN TO DROP DOWN TANK TEMPERATURE AT DESIRED LEVEL WITH INSULATION
and ΔT of 25 oC
and ΔT of 25 oC