RAS AL KHAIMAH CAMPUS

BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering

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Level HE6
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Module Title Advanced Thermofluids & Control System

Module Number AME 6005

Assignment 1 of 1

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Module Tutor: Shimna Shafeek e-mail:S.Shafeek@bolton.ac.uk

Vidhya Ragesh V.Ragesh@bolton.ac.uk

Contents
OBJECTIVE: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
APPARATUS: ............................................................................................................................................ 3
THEORY: .................................................................................................................................................. 3
PROCEDURE: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
OBSERVATIONS: ...................................................................................................................................... 5
ANALYSIS: ................................................................................................................................................ 5
CONCLUSION:.......................................................................................................................................... 6
 LAB REPORT
FLOW IN ROUGH AND SMOOTH PIPES EXPERIMENT

THERMOFLUIDS

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the friction losses in smooth as well as rough pipelines and to compare theoretical
prediction of head loss with experimentally measure values.

APPARATUS:
The apparatus used to obtain experimental results are given below:

Figure 1:Headloss Apparatus

THEORY:
The energy loss in pipe flow due to friction Is given by Darcy Welsbach equation:

 Lv 2
hf 
2 gd

64
For Laminar Flow: 
Re

1  K 5.1286 
For Turbulent Flow: From Barr’s equation:  2log  s  0.89 
  3.7d Re 
For Turbulent Flow in smooth pipes: from Blasius’s equation

  0.316 Re 0.25

 vD
And Re 


vQ/ A

hf=12.6*(H1-H2) for mercury manometer

Where

hf Head loss due to friction (m)

λ Friction factor

ѵ Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

Re Reynolds number

d Diameter of the pipe (m)

 Dynamic viscosity (kg/ms)

Where Length L for all pipes = 1.25 m and Ks for a rough pipe = 0.5 mm

PROCEDURE:
Connect the 10.24 mm diameter smooth pipe to the manometer and expel any air from
the system. Check that with no flow in the pipe the head difference on the manometer
is zero. Adjust the flow rate to its maximum value. Allow conditions to steady and
record the flow rate Q and the manometer head values, h1 and h2 and the water
temperature (Fig 1).

Figure 2:Cross sectional view

Reduce the flow rate by approximately equal amounts, to enable three other sets of
values for Q, h1 and h2 to be recorded.

Repeat the procedure for the 7.65mm diameter rough pipe and the 6.32 mm diameter
smooth pipe. Use the manometer to record h1 and h2.

Use the flow meter to record the flow rate for the various flows.

OBSERVATIONS:
Water Temperature = 32 0C

PIPE DIAMETER MERCURY MANOMETER VOLUME (m3) TIME (s)

(mm) HEAD (cm)
H1 H2
10.24 36.4 37.2 0.0002 5.25
36.2 37.4 0.0002 4
36 37.6 0.0002 3.34
SMOOTH PIPE 35.6 38.2 0.0002 2.63

6.32
35.7 37.9 0.0002 7.97
35.4 38.2 0.0002 6.31
34.8 38.8 0.0002 5.44
SMOOTH PIPE 34 39.6 0.0002 4.5

ANALYSIS:
Using the recorded values for each flow rate, we have calculated the actual velocity of
flow and the measured head loss, hf.

Using the relevant equation, we have determined theoretical value for λ and using the
Darcy Welsbach equation, we have determined theoretical value for the head loss h f.
 *
Pipe
Measured Measured Measured Measured Theoretical Theoretical
Diameter
headloss, Q (m3/s) V (m/s) Re λ hf(m)
(mm)
hf (m)

3.8095E- 3.1357E- 4.1548E-

0.1008 1540396.56 0.2404345
05 09 05
4.1157E- 5.4531E-
0.1512 0.00005 1173635.47 0.31557028
09 05
10.24
4.9289E- 6.5307E-
0.2016 5.988E-05 979985.618 0.37792848
09 05
7.6046E- 6.2596E- 8.2938E-
0.3276 771665.322 0.47995479
05 09 05
2.5094E- 7.8682E- 6.4343E-
0.2772 9946726.85 0.15837906
05 10 06
3.1696E- 9.9381E-
0.3528 8.127E-06 7875012.1 0.20004455
05 10
6.32
3.6765E- 1.1527E- 9.4267E-
0.504 6789233.89 0.23203697
05 09 06
4.4444E- 1.3935E- 1.1396E-
0.7056 5616094.21 0.28050691
05 09 05

CONCLUSION:
The difference between the theoretical and experimental values is due to the minor losses which
were not included in the equation like the pipe entry and exit losses and the fitting losses if we
incorporate these losses the values will be nearer to experimental values also the formulas used are
approximation and cannot account for every factor and the affect of these factors are shown
through the results