Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Indexp
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I-2 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-3
I-3
INDEX - A
Arithmetic stress, 44‑4 dowel, 42‑3
mean, 6‑5, 6‑6 Average reinforcing, 37‑1, 37‑5
mean, weighted, 6‑6 annual daily flow, 14‑2 steel, 37‑6
progression, 3‑14 concentration of microorganisms in Barometer, 8‑3
sequence, 3‑14 aeration tank, 16‑5 Barometric pressure, 7‑4
Arm end area method, 51‑4 Barrier
machinery, 58‑7 weighted, 6‑6 concrete, 53‑3
moment, 22‑3 Average (see also Mean) pressure, fluid, 8‑4 constant slope, 53‑3
working, 58‑7 Axial F-shape, 53‑3
Arterial, 48‑3 capacity, column, 39‑2 GM, 53‑3
Artesian well, 12‑1 compression, 46‑1 heavy vehicle median, 53‑3
Artificial intelligence, 59‑10 compression (tbl), 44‑6 heavy vehicle median (fig), 53‑4
As flow impeller, 14‑7 highway, 53‑3
-built document, 56‑1 loading, 34‑1 Jersey, 53‑3
substance concentration, 13‑1 member, 23‑1 Ontario, 53‑3
ASCII, 59‑1 strain, 31‑2 Ontario (fig), 53‑4
ASD, 37‑2 stress, 32‑3 Bars, quenched (fig), 36‑23
Ash, soda, 14‑13 Axis Basalt, 18‑2
Asphalt, 52‑3 arbitrary fixed, 29‑9 Base
absorbed, 52‑9 conjugate, hyperbola, 2‑8 breakaway, 53‑3
binder, 52‑4 ellipse, 2‑7 change logarithm, 3‑2
binder grade, Superpave (tbl), 52‑5 fixed, 29‑1, 29‑7 flow, 10‑3
cement, 52‑4 fixed, rotation, 29‑1, 29‑7 logarithm, 3‑1, 3‑2
concrete, 52‑4 neutral, 33‑3 metal, 36‑16
concrete mix, 52‑6 parabolic, 2‑6 of the cut, 21‑1
content, effective, 52‑9 parallel, theorem of, 4‑9, 29‑2 soil, 52‑1
grading, 52‑1, 52‑4 rotating, 27‑8 time, 10‑3
mix, 52‑5 rotation about an arbitrary fixed, 29‑9 unit, 1‑4
pavement, 52‑1, 52‑3, 52‑4 transfer, theorem of, 4‑9 Basic accounting equation, 60‑14
pavement failure, 52‑3 translating, 27‑8 Basin
pavement recycling, 52‑19 transverse, hyperbola, 2‑8 chemical sedimentation, 15‑4
pavement, aggregate size (tbl), 52‑3 vision, 53‑6 sedimentation, 14‑1, 14‑4
paver, 57‑5 Axle load, gross (tbl), 52‑17 sedimentation (tbl), 14‑6
paver (tbl), 57‑5 Azimuth, 49‑6, 49‑7 sedimentation, plain, 15‑3
paver production capability, 57‑5 from back line, 49‑6 Basin (see also Tank and Pond), 15‑1, 15‑3
performance graded, 52‑11 from north, 49‑7 Basis
ratio, fineness-to-effective, 52‑11 from south, 49‑7 depreciation, 60‑8
stone matrix, 52‑4 static, 57‑7
surfacing layer (fig), 52‑3 B Batter decrement, 20‑1
target optimum content, 52‑10 Back Bayes’ theorem, 6‑5
ASR, 37‑4 -calculation, 52‑14 Beam, 33‑2
Assembler, 59‑3 station, 50‑5 at balanced condition (fig), 38‑4
macro-, 59‑3 stationing, 50‑5 bending coefficient, 43‑4
Assembly language, 59‑3 tangent, 50‑1 boundary condition (tbl), 33‑7
Asset Backhoe production capability, 57‑2 -column, 34‑1, 43‑1, 46‑1
account, 60‑14 Backhoe (tbl), 57‑2 -column, analysis, 46‑1, 46‑3
current, 60‑15 Backsight, 49‑4 compact, 43‑2
fixed, 60‑15 Backward soil pressure, 20‑2 composite, 33‑1, 33‑13
liquid, 60‑15 Backwashing, sand filter, 14‑9 continuous, 26‑2
nonliquid, 60‑15 Bacteria cross sections, types, 38‑2
quick, 60‑15 acid-forming, 16‑8 deflection, 33‑1, 33‑7, 33‑8
report (ftn), 60‑14 acid-splitting, 16‑8 design, steel, 43‑1, 43‑2
Assignment, 59‑1, 61‑2 Baffling doubly reinforced, 38‑5
clause, 61‑3 factor, 14-14 fixed-end, 26‑2
Associative law, 6‑2 factors (tbl), 14‑14 indeterminate, 26‑1, 26‑2
Assumed meridian, 49‑6 Bag cement, 36‑10, 37‑4 propped cantilever, 26‑2
ASTM Balance section, deflection, 33‑7
grain size, 36‑23 line, 51‑6 shear strength, 38‑7
standard practice for classification of line (fig), 51‑6 shear stress distribution, 33‑5
soils for engineering purposes point, 51‑6 singly reinforced, 38‑4
(Unified Soil Classification System) point (fig), 51‑6 slopes and deflections, cantilevered
(tbl), 18‑9 sheet, 60‑14 (tbl), 33‑10
Asymptote hyperbola, 2‑8 water,equation, 10‑1 spreader, 57‑9
Atmosphere, air, 16‑1, 16‑5 Balanced steel, type, 43‑1
Atmospheric point, column, 39‑4 stiffness, 26‑1, 26‑3
air, 16‑1, 16‑5 strain, 38‑4 stress in, 33‑1, 33‑3
inversion, 17‑3 Balancing stresses, 33‑4
pressure, standard, 7‑4 books, 60‑14 T-, 38‑6
refraction, 49‑4 closed traverse angles, 49‑1, 49‑7 Beams, simply supported (tbl), 43‑5
Attainable target, 48‑2 closed traverse distances, 49‑1, 49‑8 Bearing, 49‑6
Attenuator impact, 53‑3 traverse, 49‑7, 49‑8 angle (fig), 49‑6
Atterberg limit test, 18‑1, 18‑6 traverse, least squares, 49‑8 capacity, 19‑1, 19‑4
Attractive rate of return, 60‑12 Band capacity factor (tbl), 19‑5
Austempering, 36‑21 conduction, 35‑6 capacity factors, 19‑4, 19‑5
Austenite, 36‑19 intrinsic, 35‑6 capacity of clay, 19‑5
Austenitic stainless steel, 36‑4 valence, 35‑6 capacity of sand, 19‑6
Auto mode, 48‑3 Bank capacity, allowable, 19‑4
Autochthonous material, 13‑6 cubic yard, 51‑1 capacity, gross, 19‑4
-measure, 51‑1 capacity, ultimate, 19‑4
Banking of curve, 29‑1, 29‑10 connection, 47‑2
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I-4 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
stress, allowable, 47‑1, 47‑3 rigid, Newton’s second law for, 28‑2 beryllium, 36‑5
wall, 41‑1 Boil sand, 18‑17 government, 36‑5
wall, empirical method, 41‑1 Boilerplate clause, 61‑2 phosphorus, 36‑5
wall, strength design method, 41‑2 Bolster, 38‑1 silicon, 36‑5
Bed Bolt, 47‑1 Bubble, 17‑1
biological, 15‑4 common, 47‑1 sort, 59‑8
expansion, 14‑9 high-strength, 47‑1 buckling load, Euler, 46‑2
fluidized, 14‑10 preload, 47‑2 Buckling
Beginning structural, 47‑1 column, 34‑1, 39‑6
of curve, 50‑5 tension and shear (tbl), 47‑3 elastic, 44‑4
of the curve, 50‑7 twist-off, 47‑1 inelastic, 44‑4
Behavior Bolted member, effective area, 45‑3 lateral torsional, 43‑1, 43‑3, 43‑4
85th percentile driver, 53‑5 Book load, 34‑2, 39‑6, 44‑1
brittle material, 35‑1, 35‑12 balancing, 60‑14 load, Euler, 44‑1
driver, 53‑5 of original entry, 60‑14 modification factor, lateral torsional,
ductile material, 35‑1, 35‑12 value, 60‑9 43‑4
Bell-shaped curve, 6‑13 value of stock, per share, 60‑16 stress, 44‑1
Belt friction, 24‑1, 24‑2 Bookkeeping, 60‑13 Budgeting capital, 60‑1, 60‑11
Benchmark, 49‑1, 49‑3 double-entry, 60‑14 Buick, MacPherson v. (ftn), 61‑6
Bending system, 60‑13 Building
failure, 43‑1, 43‑5 Boom, 57‑6, 58‑7 code, 37‑2
stress, 33‑3 crane, 58‑6 designer (ftn), 61‑3
Benefit-cost analysis, 60‑12 length measurement (fig), 57‑7 Built-in end, 26‑2
Bernoulli equation, 11‑2 Borrow Bulk
Beryllium common, 51‑1 specific gravity, 52‑8, 52‑9
bronze, 36‑5 pit, 51‑1, 51‑5 unit weight, 18‑12
-copper, 36‑5 Bottle point experiment, 14‑11 viscosity, 14‑7
Beta distribution, 54‑9 Boundary Bulkhead, 21‑1
Between letter space, 53‑6 condition, beam (tbl), 33‑7 analysis of anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bias, 6‑16 irregular, 49‑1, 49‑10 analysis of flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Biased estimator, 6‑8 Boussinesq influence value chart, 19‑3 anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Biaxial loading, 31‑1, 31‑5 Boussinesq’s equation, 19‑1, 19‑2 cantilever, 21‑3
Bidder, lowest responsible, 55‑2 Bowditch method, 49‑8 design of anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bidding competitive, 55‑2, 62‑8 Box design of flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bimetallic element, 32‑2 closed, 32‑6 flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Binary shape, 43‑2 tied, 21‑3
alloy, 36‑16 shoring, 21‑1 untied, 21‑3
search, 59‑8 Braced Bulking
tree, 59‑8 column, 34‑2, 39‑6 factor, 51‑1
Binder, 36‑13 cut, 21‑1 sludge, 16‑4, 16‑7
asphalt, 52‑4 cut, clay, 21‑1, 21‑2, 21‑3 Buoyancy
grade, Superpave, 52‑5 cut, medium clay, 21‑1, 21‑3 center of, 8‑7
grading system (tbl), 52‑12 cut, sand, 21‑1, 21‑2 theorem, 8‑6
specification, 52‑11 cut, soft clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 Buoyant
-to-dust ratio, 52‑11 cut, stiff clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 force, 8‑6
Binomial excavation, analysis, 21‑1, 21‑3 unit weight, 18‑13
coefficient, 6‑2, 6‑13 excavation, design, 21‑1, 21‑3 Burden, 60‑17
probability function, 6‑13 Bracing budget variance, 60‑17
probability, cumulative (tbl), 6‑24 diagonal, 39‑6 capacity variance, 60‑17
Biofilm filter, 14‑10 lateral, 43‑1, 43‑3 variance, 60‑17
Biological spacing, 43‑3 Business district, central, 48‑2
bed, 15‑4 Brake Buttress wall, 20‑1
contactor, rotating, 15‑5 reaction distance, 50‑9 By-product, disinfection, 13‑1, 13‑7, 13‑8
filter, 15‑4 reaction time, 50‑9
Biosolid, 16‑2 Brale indenter, 35‑19 C
Biotower, 16‑7 Breach Cable, 24‑1
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 17‑4 material, 61‑5 ideal, 24‑1
Bituminous of contract, 61‑5 CaCO3
mix, 52‑4 unintentional, 61‑5 concentration, 13‑1
pavement, 52‑3 willful, 61‑5 equivalent, 13‑1
Bleeding, pavement, 52‑6 Break Calcium hardness, 13‑3
Blindness -even analysis, 60‑12 Calculating material problem, 52‑4
color, 53‑6 -even quantity, 60‑12 Calculus
glare, 53‑6 Breakaway pole, 53‑3 fundamental theorem of integral, 4‑7
Block Breaking strength, 35‑11 integral, 4‑1, 4‑6
and tackle, 24‑1 Breakpoint, 14‑12, 17‑5 California
shear failure, 45‑5 Breakthrough, 14‑9, 14‑11, 15‑6 bearing ratio, 52‑2
shear strength, 45‑5 curve, 14‑12 kneading compactor, 52‑10
Blow-up, pavement, 52‑6 point, 14‑12 Call, recursive, 59‑4
Blower Breathing apparatus, 58‑5 Canon, 62‑1
power, 16‑2 Bridge truss, 23‑1 of ethics, 62‑2
wastewater, 15‑3, 16‑6 Brinell Cantilever
Blowing, pavement, 52‑6 hardness number, 35‑19 bulkhead, 21‑3
Blunder, 49‑7 hardness test, 35‑19 footing, 19‑2
Board of engineering licensing, 63‑1 test, 36‑22 retaining wall, 20‑1
BOD Brittle wall, 21‑3
loading, 15‑2 material, 35‑8, 35‑12 Cantilevered beam slopes and deflections
loading, facultative ponds, 15‑3 material, behavior, 35‑1, 35‑12 (tbl), 33‑10
sludge age, 16‑4 material, crack propagation, 35‑1,
35‑13
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I N D E X I-5
I-5
INDEX - C
production, dozer, 57‑2 iron, nodular, 36‑4 order, 56‑1
production, loader, 57‑2 iron, white, 36‑4 pressure, 11‑4
Capacitance, 35‑3 Category, severity, 53‑1 rate of, in grade, 50‑8
Capacitor, 35‑2 Cathode, 36‑14, 36‑15 Channel
parallel plate, 35‑3 reaction, 36‑15 flow, open, 11‑4
Capacity Cation, 13‑1, 13‑2 open, 11‑5
bearing, 19‑1, 19‑4 Cauchy number, 9‑6 Channeling, 14‑16
bearing, allowable, 19‑4 Caveat emptor, 61‑6 pavement, 52‑6
bearing, factors, 19‑4 Cavitation, 36‑15 Character
bearing, gross, 19‑4 CBD, 48‑2 coding, 59‑1
bearing, ultimate, 19‑4 CCT curve, 36‑21 control, 59‑1
column, 39‑2 Cell Characteristic
gravimetric, 57‑4 galvanic, 36‑14 dimension, 11‑4
heaped, 57‑2, 57‑3 half-, 36‑14 equation, 5‑2, 5‑3
heat, volumetric (ftn), 36‑13 spreadsheet, 59‑6 equation, first-order, 5‑2
legal, 61‑1 structural, 23‑1 equation, root of, 5‑3
load, 57‑6 voltaic, 36‑14 equation, second-order, 5‑2
planning analysis, 48‑3 Cement irrelevant, 60‑1
reduction factor, 35‑12, 37‑3 asphalt, 52‑4 length, 11‑9
scraper, 57‑3 low-alkali, 37‑4 scale, 11‑9
specific heat, 35‑7 portland, 37‑3 Characteristics
specific, well, 12‑4 properties, 37‑3 aeration, 16‑2
storage, 10‑5, 12‑1 Cementite, 36‑19 flocculator-clarifier, 14‑8
struck, 57‑2, 57‑3 Cementitious material, 36‑10, 37‑4 impeller, 14‑1, 14‑7
volumetric heat, 35‑7 Center of metals, 36‑1
Capillary circle, 2‑9 transducer system, 35‑7
action, 7‑6 cone, visual acuity, 53‑6 Charge carrier, 35‑6
depression, 7‑7 ellipse, 2‑8 Charpy
rise, 7‑7 instant, 29‑7 test, 35‑17
Capital instantaneous, 30‑3 V-notch test, 35‑17
budgeting, 60‑1, 60‑11 of buoyancy, 8‑7 Chart
recovery (tbl), 60‑3 of gravity, 4‑8, 25‑3 alignment, column (fig), 44‑3
recovery factor, 60‑6 of mass, 25‑3 bar, 54‑5
recovery method, 60‑11 of pressure, 8‑4, 8‑5 Boussinesq influence value, 19‑3
Capitalized of rotation, instantaneous, 29‑7 Gantt, 54‑5
cost, 60‑10 -radius form, 2‑9 influence value, 19‑3
cost for an infinite series, 60‑10 sphere, 2‑10 load, 57‑6
Carbide, 36‑19 Centerline roadway, 50‑6 load (tbl), 57‑7
Carbon Central Newmark influence, 19‑3
activated, 14‑11 angle, curve, 50‑1 particle size distribution, 18‑5
adsorption, 15‑6 business district, 48‑2 Snellen, 53‑6
black, 36‑8 curve radius, 50‑5 stress contour, 19‑3
dioxide, in water, 14‑14 limit theorem, 6‑14, 6‑18 Chemical
granular activated, 15‑6 tendency, 6‑1, 6‑5 application point, water treatment,
monoxide, 17‑3 Centrifugal force, 29‑1, 29‑9, 29‑10 14‑3
powdered activated, 15‑6 Centrifuge, kerosene equivalent, 52‑10 flocculation, 15‑4
steel, 36‑2, 37‑6 Centripetal force, 29‑1, 29‑9 hazard, 58‑1, 58‑3
steel, nonsulfurized, 36‑2 Centroid, 4‑8, 25‑1 property, 35‑2
steel, rephosphorized, 36‑2 for circles, 25‑8 sedimentary rock, 18‑2
steel, resulfurized, 36‑2 for circular sectors, 25‑10 sedimentation basin, 15‑4
temper, 36‑4 for circular segments, 25‑10 Chert, 18‑2
Carbonate for general spandrels, 25‑12 Chi
hardness, 13‑3, 14‑13 for nth parabolic areas, 25‑13 -squared distribution, 6‑15
hardness removal, 14‑13 for parabolas, 25‑11 -squared test, 53‑2
reaction with alkali, 37‑4 for rhomboids, 25‑7 Chloramine, 13‑1, 13‑7
Carbonic acid, 13‑3 for semiparabolas, 25‑12 Chlorinated phosphates, 36‑8
Care, standard of (ftn), 61‑5 for trapezoids, 25‑7 Chlorination, 14‑14
Carmen-Kozeny equation, 14‑9 for triangles, 25‑4 alternatives, 13‑8
Carrier, 35‑6 for triangular areas, 25‑6 contact tank, 15‑6
Carryover of a line segment, 25‑2 pretreatment, 14‑3
factor, 26‑3 of a volume, 25‑3 wastewater, 15‑6
moment, 26‑1, 26‑3 of an area, 4‑8, 25‑1, 25‑2 Chlorinator flow pacing, 15‑6
Cartesian Centroidal Chlorine, 14‑14
acceleration, 27‑3 mass moment of inertia, 29‑2 alternatives, 15‑6
coordinate system form, 27‑2 moment of inertia, 4‑9, 25‑14, 33‑4 in water, 13‑7
triad, 3‑11 Ceramic, 36‑10 Chord
unit vector, 3‑11 CFR, 58‑1 long, 50‑2
unit vector form, 27‑2 cgs system, 1‑4 truss, 23‑1
velocity, 27‑3 Chain Chronic hazard, 58‑4
Cash engineer’s, 49‑3 Circle, 25‑8
flow, 60‑2 Gunter’s, 49‑3 area moment of inertia, 25‑8
flow diagram, 60‑2 surveyor’s, 49‑3 center, 2‑9
flow, gradient series, 60‑3 Chair, 38‑1 center-radius form, 2‑9
flow, single payment, 60‑2 Chalk, 18‑2 centroid, 25‑8
flow, uniform series, 60‑2 Chamber, grit, 15‑4 distance of point to, 2‑10
system, 60‑14 Change length of point to, 2‑10
Cast allotropic, 36‑19 line tangent to, 2‑10
iron, 36‑4, 36‑19 grade, rate of, 50‑8 Mohr’s, 31‑7
iron, compacted graphitic, 36‑4 in angular momentum, 29‑8 standard, form, 2‑9
iron, ductile, 36‑4 in kinetic energy, 30‑4 unit, 2‑11, 2‑12
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I-6 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
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I N D E X I-7
I-7
INDEX - C
Competent dopant atoms, 35‑5 section, normal form, 2‑5
person, OSHA, cranes, 58‑8 milliequivalent, 13‑1 Conical pile (fig), 51‑3
person, OSHA, excavation, 58‑3 time to, 10‑4, 10‑5 Conjugate
Competitive bidding, 55‑2, 62‑8 Concentric axis, hyperbola, 2‑8
Compiler, 59‑3 connection, 47‑1 complex, 3‑3
incremental, 59‑3 load, 39‑7 depths, 11‑8
pseudo-, 59‑3 loading, 34‑1 Connection
Complaint, civil, 61‑5 Concentrically loaded long column, 39‑7 bearing, 47‑2
Complement Concrete, 36‑10, 37‑3 eccentric, 47‑1
law, 6‑2 additive, 37‑4 slip-critical, 47‑2
of a set, 6‑1 admixture, 37‑4 Connector, 47‑1
Complementary air-entrained, 37‑3 symbol, 59‑2
angle, 2‑12 asphalt, 52‑4 ConsensusDOCS (ftn), 61‑3
equation, 5‑4 asphalt, mix, 52‑6 Consequential damages, 61‑7
probability, 6‑3 barrier, 53‑3 Conservation
solution, 5‑4 barrier, highway, 53‑3 energy, principle, 30‑6
Complete column, 39‑1, 39‑2 law, 11‑1
cross-linking, 36‑6 compressive strength of, 36‑11 of angular momentum, 29‑8
filtration, 14‑2 cooling, 36‑12 of energy law, conservative system,
mixing model, 14‑6 density, 36‑11 30‑6
similarity, 9‑6 disintegration cracking, 37‑4 of energy law, nonconservative system,
Complex durability, 37‑3 30‑6
conjugate, 3‑3 footing, vii, 36‑25, 42‑1, 42‑3 of momentum, 30‑8
number, 3‑2 lightweight, 36‑11 of momentum, law, 28‑1
number (fig), 3‑3 modulus of elasticity, 36‑12, 37‑5 Conservative system, 30‑6
number, addition, 3‑3 modulus of rupture, 36‑12 Consideration, 61‑1
number, division, 3‑3, 3‑4 normal weight, 36‑11 Consistency
number, exponential form, 3‑4 pavement, 52‑2 concrete, 36‑11
number, kth root, 3‑5 Poisson’s ratio, 36‑12 index, 7‑5
number, multiplication, 3‑3, 3‑4 proportions, typical, 36‑10, 37‑3 limits, 18‑6
number, polar form, 3‑3 shear strength, 36‑12, 38‑7 Consistent
number, rectangular form, 3‑2 shrinkage, compensating, 37‑4 deformation, 33‑13
number, subtraction, 3‑3 slab, vii, 36‑25, 40‑1, 40‑3 units, 1‑2
number, trigonometric form, 3‑2 slab thickness, 52‑2 Consolidated
Component slump, 37‑3, 37‑4 normally, 18‑18
normal, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6 strength acceptance testing, 37‑1, 37‑5 normally, clay, 18‑20
of a force, 22‑1 wall, vii, 36‑25, 41‑1 normally, curve, 18‑20
of a moment, 22‑3 workability, 37‑3 Consolidation, 18‑20
radial, 27‑7, 28‑6 Concurrent force, 22‑5 clay, 19‑2
tangential, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6 Condensation, polymer, 36‑7 coefficient of, 18‑22
transverse, 27‑7, 28‑6 Condition curve, 18‑20
Components, vector, 3‑11 beam boundary (tbl), 33‑7 curve, clay (fig), 18‑20
Composite undersaturated, 48‑10 degree of, 18‑22
beam, 33‑1, 33‑13 Conditional probability, 6‑4, 60‑7 primary, 18‑1, 18‑20
material, 36‑13 Conduction band, 35‑6 secondary, 18‑20
material, density, 36‑13 Conductivity, hydraulic, 12‑2 test, 18‑1, 18‑18
material, specific heat, 36‑13 Conductor, 35‑5 virgin, 18‑18
material, strength, 36‑13 Conduit, incompressible flow, 11‑3 Constant
properties (tbl), 36‑13 Conduits, noncircular, flow, 11‑4 acceleration, 27‑1, 27‑3
spring constant, 30‑5 Cone angular acceleration, 27‑4
structure, 33‑13 -generating angle, 2‑4 coefficient, 5‑1
Composition influence, 19‑3 composite spring, 30‑5
atmospheric air, 16‑5 of depression, 12‑4, 57‑11 dielectric, 35‑3
atmospheric air (tbl), 16‑6 right circular, 2‑21 equivalent spring, 30‑5
eutectic, 36‑17 right circular, mensuration, 2‑22 Faraday’s, 14‑15
Compound right circular, volume, 2‑21 force, 28‑6
amount (tbl), 60‑3 volume, 51‑3 fundamental (tbl), 1‑8
interest, 60‑7 Confidence gravitational, 1‑1, 1‑2, 18‑13
nonannual, 60‑1, 60‑7 interval, 6‑1, 6‑18, 6‑26 -head permeator, 18‑15
Compressed soil pressure, 20‑2 interval, difference between two means, -head test, 18‑15
Compressibility index, 18‑19 6‑19 Henry’s law, 14‑17
Compression interval, intercept, 6‑23 linear acceleration, 27‑3
axial, 46‑1 interval, slope, 6‑23 mass, 28‑6
axial (tbl), 44‑6 interval, variance of a normal matrix, 3‑10
-controlled strain limit, 38‑4 distribution, 6‑20 of integration, 5‑1
flexural, 46‑1 level, 6‑1, 6‑15 parabola, 50‑7
index, 18‑18, 18‑19 limit for the mean, 6‑19 partition, 14‑20
line, virgin, 18‑18 limit, lower, 6‑18 permeability, 14‑19
member, steel, 44‑1 limit, one-tail, 6‑18 proportionality, 36‑16
members (tbl), 44‑6 limit, two-tail, 6‑18 slope barrier, 53‑3
Compressive limit, upper, 6‑18 spring, 30‑4
strength, concrete, 36‑11 Confined time, 5‑4
strength, steel column, 44‑1, 44‑4 aquifer, 12‑1 torsional, 43‑6
strength, unconfined, 18‑24 compression test, 18‑18 torsional spring, 32‑6
Computational speed, relative, 59‑1, 59‑3 space, 58‑1, 58‑4, 58‑5 treatability, 16‑7
Concavity coefficient of, soil, 18‑5 Congener, 17‑4 warping, 43‑4
Concentration Congressional Federal Register, 58‑1 Constantan, 36‑6
as CaCO3, 13‑1 Construction
as substance, 13‑1 documents, 56‑1
lien, 61‑4
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I-8 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
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I N D E X I-9
I-9
INDEX - C
binomial probability (tbl), 6‑24 braced, sand, 21‑1, 21‑2 beam section, 33‑7
distribution function, 6‑11 braced, soft clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 control, minimum thickness, 40‑1, 40‑2
rainfall curve, 10‑2 braced, stiff clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 effects, 46‑2
Cunife, 36‑6 chain, 49‑3 frame, 26‑1, 26‑5
Curing in sand (fig), 21‑2 frame, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑5
concrete cooling, 36‑12 in soft clay (fig), 21‑2 slab, 40‑2
moist, 36‑12 in stiff clay (fig), 21‑2 truss, 26‑1, 26‑4
Curl, 4‑10, 4‑11 Cutting plane, 2‑4 truss, strain energy method, 26‑1, 26‑4
identity, 4‑11 Cycle truss, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑4
vector field, 4‑11 freeze-thaw, 52‑14 Deflections, cantilevered beam slopes and
vorticity, 4‑11 hydrologic, 10‑1 (tbl), 33‑10
Current time, 57‑1, 57‑2 Deflectometer, falling weight, 52‑14
asset, 60‑15 Cyclic stress ratio, 18‑16 Deformation, 31‑1, 31‑4
efficiency, 14‑16 Cyclone (tbl), 17‑6 consistent, 33‑13
liability, 60‑15 Cylinder, 29‑5 permanent, 35‑11
ratio, 60‑15 hollow, properties of, 29‑5 Degree, 2‑11
Curvature properties of, 29‑4 of consolidation, 18‑22
coefficient of, 18‑5 right circular, 2‑22 of curve, 50‑2
coefficient of, soil, 18‑5 right circular, mensuration, 2‑22 of freedom, 6‑15, 36‑20
earth, 49‑4 right circular, surface area, 2‑22 of indeterminacy, 22‑6, 26‑1
point of, 50‑5 right circular, volume, 2‑22 of polymerization, 36‑6
radius of, 4‑5, 27‑8 Cyst, Giardia (tbl), 14‑21 of redundancy, 26‑1
rectangular coordinates, 4‑5 of saturation, 18‑12
Curve D Del operator, vector, 4‑10
area under, 4‑7 D-cracking, 37‑4 Delay
banking, 29‑1, 29‑10 d’Alembertian operator, 4‑12 control, 48‑8
beginning of, 50‑5, 50‑7 Damages, 61‑7 geometric, 48‑8
bell-shaped, 6‑13 compensatory, 61‑7 incident, 48‑8
breakthrough, 14‑12 consequential, 61‑7 queueing, 48‑8
circular, 50‑1 exemplary, 61‑7 Delta-iron, 36‑19
concentration, 10‑3 general, 61‑7 Demand
consolidation, 18‑20 liquidated, 61‑7 flow rate, 48‑4
controlled-cooling-transformation, nominal, 61‑7 water, 14‑1, 14‑2
36‑21 punitive, 61‑5, 61‑7 water, per capita, 14‑1, 14‑2
crest vertical, 50‑6 special, 61‑7 Demineralization, 14‑1, 14‑15
cumulative rainfall, 10‑2 Damaging flood, 10‑2 Denominator, rationalizing, 3‑3
degree of, 50‑2 Damped system, critically, 5‑3 Dense-graded mix, 52‑5
e-log p, 18‑18 Damping, 5‑3 Density, 7‑1, 7‑2
e-log p (fig), 18‑18 heavy, 5‑3 composite material, 36‑13
elements, horizontal (fig), 50‑2 light, 5‑3 concrete, 36‑11
elevation, 50‑8 ratio, 5‑3 critical, 48‑7
end of, 50‑5, 50‑7 system, critical, 5‑3 function (see also Distribution
flow, 18‑6 Darcy’s law, 12‑2 function), 6‑11
fully spiraled circular (fig), 50‑5 Data function, probability, 6‑11
horizontal, 50‑1 alphanumeric, 59‑1 index, 18‑13
layout, 50‑5 collector, 49‑2 jam, 48‑7
learning, 57‑10 precipitation, 10‑2 mass, 7‑1
length, 50‑2 sheet, crane, 57‑6 relative, 18‑13, 18‑14
length, crest, 50‑11 Database, 59‑1, 59‑9 solid, 18‑13
load-elongation, 35‑8 hierarchical, 59‑10 total ramp, 48‑4
number, 10‑5 relational, 59‑10 vehicle, 48‑5, 48‑6
overconsolidated, 18‑20 structure, 59‑1, 59‑9 zero-voids, 18‑13
parabolic, 50‑6, 50‑7 Datum, 49‑3 Departure, 49‑7
parabolic (fig), 50‑7 Daughter node, 59‑9 tangent, 50‑1
point, 50‑2 Days supply of inventory, 60‑16 Dependent event, 6‑3
preconsolidation, 18‑20 DBF, 10‑2 Deposition
radius of, 50‑2 DBP, 13‑8 dry, 17‑3
rebound, 18‑18 de Moivre’s formula, 3‑4 wet, 17‑3
recession, 10‑3 de Morgan’s law, 6‑2 Depreciation, 60‑8
recompression, 18‑20 Dead load (ftn), 35‑12 basis, 60‑8
reloading, 18‑18 Debit, 60‑14 period, 60‑8
S-N, 35‑15 Dechlorination, 15‑1, 15‑6 sum-of-the-years’ digits, 3‑16
sag vertical, 50‑6 Decision Depression
sharpness, 4‑5 sight distance, 50‑9 angle, 2‑12
spiral, 50‑5 symbol, 59‑2 capillary, 7‑7
stationing, 50‑1, 50‑4 Declaration, 59‑1 cone of, 12‑4, 57‑11
stress-strain, 35‑1, 35‑10 Declination, 49‑6 Depth
time-temperature-transformation, Decrement, batter, 20‑1 conjugate, 11‑8
36‑21 Deep critical, 11‑7
vertical, 50‑6 strength asphalt pavement, 52‑4 impoundment, 10‑6
vertical, clearance, 50‑12 well, 57‑11 of sorption zone, 14‑12, 14‑13
vertical, equation, 50‑8 Defect perception, 53‑7
vertical, symmetrical parabolic (fig), grain boundary, 36‑15 submergence, 18‑14
50‑7 line, 36‑15 Derivative, 4‑1, 4‑3
virgin, 18‑20 planar, 36‑15 definition, 4‑1
Curvilinear motion, 27‑1, 27‑5, 27‑7 point, 36‑15 partial, 4‑4
Cushion, crash, 53‑3 Defendant, 61‑5 Derived unit, 1‑4
Cut Definite integral, 4‑7 Desalination, 14‑1, 14‑15
and fill, 51‑1 Definition, derivative, 4‑1
base of, 21‑1
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I-11
INDEX - D
chart, particle size, 18‑5 pressure, 11‑4 of deflection, 46‑2
chart, particle size (fig), 18‑6 Dry P-delta, 46‑1
factor, directional, 52‑16 deposition, 17‑3 P-D, 39‑1
factor, lane, 52‑16 unit weight, 18‑12 photoelectric, 35‑7
particle size, 18‑1, 18‑3 Du piezoelectric, 35‑7
Distributive law, 6‑2 Nouy apparatus (fig), 7‑6 second-order, 46‑1, 46‑2
District, central business, 48‑2 Nouy wire ring, 7‑6 Effective
Disutility, 48‑3 Ductile annual interest rate, 60‑3, 60‑8
Diverge sequence, 3‑14 -brittle transition, 35‑1, 35‑17 area with out-of-plane connectors,
Divergence, 4‑10 cast iron, 36‑4 45‑1, 45‑3
vector field, 4‑10 material, behavior, 35‑1, 35‑12 area, bolted member, 45‑3
Divergent sequence, 3‑14 Ductility, 35‑12, 37‑7 area, welded member, 45‑3
Diverging identity, 4‑11 transition temperature, 35‑17 asphalt content, 52‑9
Divided highway, 48‑3 Dummy flange width, 38‑6
Division, complex number, 3‑4 load method, 26‑1, 26‑4 flange width (fig), 38‑6
DO node, 54‑7 fluid weight, soil, 20‑3
/UNTIL loop, 59‑5 Dumpy level, 49‑4 hole diameter, 45‑2
/WHILE loop, 59‑4 Dupuit equation, 12‑4, 57‑11 interest rate, 60‑3
Document Durability interest rate per period, 60‑8
as-built, 56‑1 concrete, 37‑3 length, 44‑1, 44‑2, 44‑3
construction, 56‑1 factor, 37‑3 length (column), 34‑2
specifications, 56‑2 pavement, 52‑6 length factor, 34‑2, 44‑2
Documentation project, 56‑1 Duration, critical path network, 54‑8 net area, 45‑3
Dollar, 60‑1 Dust, 17‑4 period, 60‑1
Domain -to-binder ratio, 52‑11 pressure, 20‑2
frequency, 5‑6 Dynamic radius of gyration, steel beam, 43‑4
s-, 5‑6 friction, 24‑2, 28‑4 slenderness ratio, 34‑4
spatial, 5‑6 similarity, 9‑6 specific gravity, 52‑9
Dominant load, 26‑3 viscosity, absolute, 7‑5 stress, 18‑1, 18‑14, 20‑1, 20‑2, 31‑9
Donor level, 35‑6 Dynamics, 27‑1 stress in retaining walls, 20‑1, 20‑2
Dopant, 35‑5 fluid, 11‑1 unit weight, 20‑3
atoms, concentration, 35‑5 velocity, 12‑2
atoms, solubility of, 35‑5 E width, 38‑6
diffusion, 35‑5 e work, 57‑10
Dose -log p curve, 18‑18, 18‑20 Effects factor, miscellaneous, 35‑16
noise, permissible (tbl), 58‑6 -log p curve (fig), 18‑18 Efficiency
radiation absorbed (ftn), 2‑11 EAC, 60‑12 current, 14‑16
Dot Earth destruction and removal, 17‑4
product, 3‑12 curvature, 49‑4 electrical, 14‑16
product identities, 3‑13 pressure, 20‑1, 20‑2 equipment, 57‑1
product of parallel unit vectors, 3‑14 pressure coefficient, 20‑4 removal, 14‑15
Double pressure coefficient, active, 20‑4 EIR, 48‑2
-action shear, 42‑2 pressure coefficient, passive, 20‑4 EIT exam, 63‑1
-angle identities, trigonometric, 2‑14 pressure distribution, 20‑2 EJCDC (ftn), 61‑3
-entry bookkeeping (ftn), 60‑14 pressure distributions, active (fig), 20‑3 Elastic
meridian distance, 49‑9 pressure distributions, passive (fig), buckling, 44‑4
root, 2‑4, 5‑3 20‑3 design, steel, 43‑2
Doubly reinforced beams, 38‑5 pressure resultant, 20‑4 impact, 30‑8
Dowel, 42‑3 pressure resultant, active, 20‑4 limit, 35‑11
bar, 42‑3 pressure resultant, passive, 20‑5 modulus, 35‑10
Down necking, 35‑12 pressure, active, 20‑2 potential energy, 30‑5
Dozer, production capability, 57‑2 pressure, passive, 20‑2 region, 35‑11
Dozer (tbl), 57‑2 pressure, Rankine, 20‑5 second-order analysis, 39‑6
Draft Earthwork, 51‑1 section modulus, 33‑3
environmental impact statement, 48‑2 factor load, 51‑1 settlement, 18‑20
force, 14‑4 factor, swell, 51‑1 strain, 35‑11
Drag force, paddle, 14‑7 measure, 51‑1 Elasticity
Dragline (tbl), 57‑2 volume, 51‑1, 51‑4 modulus of, 31‑2, 35‑10, 37‑5, 37‑7
Drain Easement, 50‑5 modulus of, composite material, 36‑13
-down, pavement, 52‑7 East declination, 49‑6 modulus of, concrete, 37‑5
subgrade, 52‑20 EBCDIC, 59‑1 Elastomer, 36‑6
Drawdown, 12‑4 Eccentric Electrical
well, in aquifers, 12‑4 connection, 47‑1 efficiency, 14‑16
Drawing record, 56‑1 loading, 34‑1 flux, 35‑5
Dredge line, 21‑1 Eccentricity, 2‑4, 34‑1 property, 35‑2
Drilled hole, 45‑2 column, 39‑4 Electrode, standard hydrogen, 36‑14
Drinking ellipse, 2‑7 Electrodialysis, 14‑15
water demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 hyperbola, 2‑8 Electrolyte solutions, osmotic pressure,
water regulations, 13‑1, 13‑4 parabola, 2‑6 14‑19
Electrolytic medium, 36‑14
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I-13
INDEX - E
material, 36‑17 Extrinsic surface area, 52‑7
point, 36‑17 elemental semiconductors (tbl), 35‑6 truck, 52‑16
reaction, 36‑17 semiconductor, 35‑5, 35‑6 utilization, 48‑10
reaction (tbl), 36‑18 semiconductor, impurity energy levels Factored
temperature, 36‑17 (tbl), 35‑6 load, 37‑9
Eutectoid reaction (tbl), 36‑18 Extrusive, igneous rock, 18‑2 moment, slab beam, 40‑1, 40‑4
Eutrophication, 13‑5 Eye, visual axis, 53‑6 Factory cost, 60‑16
Evaporation Faculative ponds, BOD loading, 15‑3
pan, 10‑6 F Facultative pond, 15‑1, 15‑3
reservoir, 10‑6 F-distribution, critical values (tbl), 6‑29 Failure, 18‑23
Event, 6‑1, 6‑3, 6‑10, 54‑7 F-shape barrier, 53‑3 asphalt pavement, 52‑3
dependent, 6‑3 Fabric filter (tbl), 17‑6 bending, 43‑1, 43‑5
discrete numerical, 6‑10 Face velocity, 14‑9 block shear, 45‑5
independent, 6‑3 Facility, technology, transportation, 48‑1, envelope, 18‑23
numerical, 6‑10 48‑3 fatigue, 35‑15
Exam Factor flexural, 43‑1, 43‑5
engineering, professional, 63‑1 baffling, 14‑14 line, 18‑23
Fundamentals of Engineering, 63‑1 bearing capacity, 19‑5 mode, steel beam, 43‑5
licensing, 63‑1, 63‑2 bearing capacity (tbl), 19‑5 percent elongation, 35‑13
Principles and Practices, 63‑1 bulking, 51‑1 plane, 20‑6
Examination capacity reduction, 35‑12 resistance, slope, 20‑1, 20‑5
licensing, 63‑1, 63‑2 capital recovery, 60‑6 shear, soil, 19‑1
uniform, 63‑2 conversion, 1‑9 slope, 20‑6
Excavation, 21‑1, 51‑1 discount, 60‑1, 60‑3 soil, 18‑24
analysis of braced, 21‑1, 21‑3 dissociation, 14‑19 theory, 31‑9
and loading equipment, 57‑2 driver familiarity, 48‑4 theory, variable loading, 31‑1, 31‑10
common, 51‑1 durability, 37‑3 Fall, 57‑9
design of braced, 21‑1, 21‑3 effective length, 44‑2 -arrest system, 58‑5
rock, 51‑1 end-restraint, 44‑2 protection, 58‑1, 58‑5, 58‑6
safety, 58‑1, 58‑2 endurance limit modifying, 35‑15 Falling
Excavator production capability, 57‑2 fill, 57‑2 -head permeator, 18‑15
Excavator (tbl), 57‑2 heavy vehicle, 48‑5 limb, 10‑3
Exceedance, 6‑15 labor utilization, 57‑10 weight deflectometer, 52‑14
Exemplary damages, 61‑7 lateral torsional buckling, 43‑4 Familiarity factor, driver, 48‑4
Exemption, industrial, 63‑1 load, 35‑12, 35‑16, 37‑9 Faraday’s constant, 14‑15
Exfoliation, 36‑15 load (haulage), 51‑1 Fast
Exhaustion miscellaneous effects, 35‑16 fracture, 35‑14
adsorption, 14‑13 moment, 43‑4 tracking, 54‑5
premature, 15‑6 moment amplification, 46‑1 Fastener, 47‑1
Exit, hydraulic gradient, 18‑17 of safety, 31‑9 Fatigue
Expansion of safety against seepage, 18‑17 failure, 35‑15
bed, 14‑9 of safety against sliding, 20‑7 life, 35‑15
by cofactors, 3‑7 overload, 35‑12 limit, 35‑15
thermal coefficient of, 32‑1, 35‑8 peak hour, 48‑6 resistance, pavement, 52‑6
thermal coefficient of (tbl), 32‑1 resistance, 37‑3 strength, 35‑15
Expected side friction, 50‑6 test, 35‑15
value, 6‑11, 6‑12 single payment compound amount, FATT, 35‑17
value, continuous variable, 6‑12 60‑4 Faulting, pavement, 52‑7
value, discrete variable, 6‑11 single payment present worth, 60‑4 Faying surface, 47‑3
value, sum of random variables, 6‑15 sinking fund, 60‑5 FCC metal, 35‑11, 35‑17
Expense size, 35‑16 FE exam, 63‑1
administrative, 60‑16 strength reduction, 38‑4 Federal alphabet, 53‑6
GS&A, 60‑16 stress concentration, 31‑9 Fee
IME, 60‑16 stress intensity, 35‑14 fixed, cost plus, 61‑4
marketing, 60‑16 stripping, 14‑18 incentive, 61‑4
selling, 60‑16 surface, 35‑16 lump-sum, 61‑3
Experiment, bottle point, 14‑11 temperature, 35‑16 per diem, 61‑4
Expert system, 59‑10 Terzaghi (tbl), 19‑5 percentage of construction cost, 61‑4
Explement angle, 49‑7 time, 18‑22 retainer, 61‑4
Exponential form, complex number, 3‑4 toxic equivalence, 17‑5 salary plus, 61‑4
Exposure uniform gradient, 60‑6 structure, 61‑3
level, noise (tbl), 58‑6 uniform gradient future worth, 60‑6 unit price, 61‑3
limit, permissible, 58‑5 uniform gradient present worth, 60‑6 Feed, 14‑8
Extended uniform gradient uniform series, 60‑7 Feldspar, 18‑2
Binary Coded Decimal Interchange uniform series compound amount, 60‑5 FEP, 36‑8
Code (EBCDIC), 59‑1 uniform series present worth factor, Fermi level, 35‑7
energy equation, 11‑3 60‑5 Ferrimagnetic, 36‑10
field equation, 11‑3 van’t Hoff, 14‑19 Ferrispinel, 36‑10
van’t Hoff (ftn), 14‑19 Ferrite, 36‑10, 36‑19
Ferritic stainless steel, 36‑4
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I-15
INDEX - F
and strains (fig), 38‑3 deflection, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑5 Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 63‑1
buoyant, 8‑6 Fraud, 61‑5 Future
centrifugal, 29‑1, 29‑9, 29‑10 compensatory, 61‑5 worth, 60‑4
centripetal, 29‑1, 29‑9 Frauds, statute of (ftn), 61‑1 worth (tbl), 60‑3
component, 22‑1 Fraudulent act, 61‑5
concurrent, 22‑5 Free G
constant, 28‑6 aquifer, 12‑1 GAC, 15‑6
-couple system, 22‑4 -body diagram, 22‑6 Gage
draft air injection, 14‑4 flow, 53‑1 pressure, 7‑2
external, 22‑1 flow speed, 48‑4 spacing, 45‑2
frictional, 24‑2, 28‑4 -machining steel, 36‑2 Gain system, 5‑4
hydrostatic, 8‑1, 8‑4 moment, 22‑4 Galvanic
internal, 22‑1, 23‑1 pulley, 24‑1 action, 36‑14
majeure, 61‑2 residual, 13‑7 cell, 36‑14
mobilized shear, 20‑7 space, permittivity of, 35‑3 series, 36‑14
normal, 24‑2, 28‑4 surface, 11‑4 series in seawater (tbl), 36‑14
resultant, 22‑2 Freedom, degrees of, 6‑15, 36‑20 Gamma
resultant of two-dimensional, 22‑1 Freehaul distance, 51‑6 function, 6‑15
spring, 30‑4 Freeway, 48‑3 -iron, 36‑19
system of, 22‑1, 22‑4 Freeze-thaw cycle, 52‑14 Gantt chart, 54‑5
tensile, 24‑1 Frequency Gap
two-dimensional, 22‑1 domain, 5‑6 energy, 35‑6
unbalanced, 22‑1 fundamental, 5‑5 -graded mix, 52‑6
Force, nonconservative, 30‑7 natural, 5‑5 -graded soil, 18‑4
Forcing function, 5‑4 recurrence interval, 10‑2 Gas
Foresight, 49‑4 Fretting, corrosion, 36‑15 digester (see also Methane), 16‑9
Form Freundlich loading rate, 14‑18
Cartesian coordinate system, 27‑2 equation, 14‑11 Gauss-Jordan elimination, 3‑10
Cartesian unit vector, 27‑2 isotherm, 14‑11 Gaussian distribution, 6‑13
center-radius, 2‑9 Friction, 24‑1, 24‑2, 28‑1, 28‑4 General
exponential, complex number, 3‑4 angle, thread, 24‑4 considerations for footings, 19‑1, 19‑2
general, conic section, 2‑5 belt, 24‑1, 24‑2 contractor, 61‑3
general, straight-line, 2‑2 coefficient, 47‑3 damages, 61‑7
normal, conic section, 2‑5 coefficient of, 24‑2, 28‑4 expense, 60‑16
point-slope, 2‑3 Coulomb, 24‑2 form, conic section, 2‑5
polar, 3‑3 dynamic, 24‑2, 28‑4 form, straight-line, 2‑2
polar, complex number, 3‑3 factor, side, 50‑6 ledger, 60‑14
rectangular, 3‑2 fluid, 24‑2 ledger system (ftn), 60‑14
rectangular coordinate (position), 27‑2 head loss, 11‑3 Motors barrier, 53‑3
slope-intercept, 2‑2 law of, 28‑4 selling, and administrative selling
standard, circle, 2‑9 static, 24‑2, 28‑4 (GS&A) expense, 60‑16
standard, ellipse, 2‑7 stiction, 28‑4 shear failure, 19‑1
standard, hyperbola, 2‑8 Friction (see also type) spandrel, 25‑12
standard, sphere, 2‑10 angle, effective stress, 18‑24 spandrel, area moment of inertia, 25‑12
standard, straight-line, 2‑2 course, open-graded, 52‑6 spandrel, centroid, 25‑12
trigonometric, 3‑2 internal, angle of, 18‑24 strain, 31‑1, 31‑8
vector, 22‑1 Frictional force, 24‑2, 28‑4 triangle, 2‑15
vector (position), 27‑2 Frictionless surface, 22‑7 Geodetic
vector (position), unit, 27‑2 Frost effect, 52‑14 level, 49‑4
vector, two-dimensional force, 22‑1 Froude number, 9‑6, 11‑9 survey, 49‑1
Formula FTP, 35‑17 Geographic Information System, 49‑3
de Moivre’s, 3‑4 Full Geometric
Euler’s, 34‑2, 39‑6 -depth asphalt pavement, 52‑4 delay, 48‑8
prismoidal, 51‑4 station, 49‑4 mean, 6‑7
quadratic, 2‑4 Fully spiraled circular curve (fig), 50‑5 progression, 3‑15
rational, 10‑4 Function, 59‑2 sequence, 3‑15
Taylor’s, 3‑16 binomial probability, 6‑13 similarity, 9‑6
Forward density (see also Distribution Giardia, cyst (tbl), 14‑21
soil pressure, 20‑2 function), 6‑11 Gibbs’ phase rule, 36‑20
stationing, 50‑5 forcing, 5‑4 Girder, 43‑1
tangent, 50‑1 gamma, 6‑15 plate, 43‑2
Foundation, 19‑1, 52‑1 hashing, 59‑9 Girt, 43‑2
shallow, 19‑1 potential, Laplace, 4‑11 GIS, 49‑3
Four-phase signal, 48‑8 probability density, 6‑1, 6‑10, 6‑11 Glare, 53‑6
Fourier probability distribution, 6‑1, 6‑11 blindness, 53‑6
analysis, 5‑5 probability distribution, continuous recovery, 53‑6
coefficient, 5‑5 random variable, 6‑11 Glass, 36‑9
series, 5‑5 probability distribution, discrete behavior (fig), 36‑9
transform, 5‑6 random variable, 6‑11 common, 36‑9
transform (tbl), 5‑7 probability mass, 6‑10 fibers, chopped, 36‑8
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I-17
INDEX - H
in-place recycling, 52‑20 vector, 3‑1, 3‑13, 4‑11 sludge volume, 16‑4
mix asphalt, 52‑4 IF THEN statement, 59‑4 terminal serviceability, 52‑15, 52‑17
mix recycling, 52‑20 Igneous rock, 18‑2 Indexed
treatment, metals, 36‑21 Imaginary file, 59‑9
working, 36‑21 number, 3‑2 sequential file, 59‑7
Hour factor, peak, 48‑6 unit vector, 3‑2 Indexing file, 59‑1, 59‑7
Hundred IME expense, 60‑16 Indicator solution, 13‑1, 13‑3
year flood, 10‑2 Imhoff cone, 13‑7 Indirect
year storm, 10‑2 Immediate settlement, 18‑20 cost, 54‑4
Hveem Impact, 30‑1, 30‑8 leveling, 49‑5
mix design method, 52‑10 attenuator, 53‑3 leveling (fig), 49‑5
stabilometer, 52‑11 direct central, 30‑8 manufacturing expense, 60‑16
Hveem’s resistance value, 52‑2 elastic, 30‑8 material and labor cost, 60‑16
Hydrated lime, 14‑13 energy (toughness), 35‑17 Industrial exemption, 63‑1
Hydration, 36‑10, 37‑3 inelastic, 30‑8 Ineffective work, 57‑10
Hydraulic modeling, vehicle, 53‑4 Inelastic
conductivity, 12‑2 perfectly inelastic, 30‑8 buckling, 44‑4
detention time, 16‑3, 16‑5 perfectly plastic, 30‑8 design, 43‑2
diameter, 11‑4 protection, 58‑1, 58‑5 impact, 30‑8
gradient, 18‑15 velocity after, 30‑9 strain, 35‑11
head, 14‑8 Impeller Inertia
jumps, 11‑9 characteristics, 14‑1, 14‑7 area moment of, 4‑8, 25‑4
loading, surface, 14‑18 diameter, 14‑6 area moment of, for circles, 25‑8
radius, 11‑4 mixer power, turbulent flow, 14‑7 area moment of, for circular sectors,
residence time, 14‑4, 16‑3 mixing, 14‑7 25‑10
truck crane, 58‑6 Impermeability, pavement, 52‑6 area moment of, for circular segments,
Hydraulics, 11‑1 Impounding reservoir, 10‑6 25‑10
Hydrochloric acid, 13‑7 Impoundment depth, 10‑6 area moment of, for general spandrels,
Hydrogen electrode, standard, 36‑14 Impulse, 11‑10 25‑12
Hydrograph, 10‑3 linear, 30‑7 area moment of, for nth parabolic
analysis, 10‑3 -momentum principle, 11‑10, 30‑7 areas, 25‑13
separation, 10‑3 -momentum principle for a particle, area moment of, for parabolas, 25‑11
stream, 10‑3 30‑7 area moment of, for rectangles, 25‑6
Hydrologic cycle, 10‑1 -momentum principle for a system of area moment of, for rhomboids, 25‑7
Hydrolyzing metal ion, 14‑5 particles, 30‑7 area moment of, for semiparabolas,
Hydrometer test, 18‑4 Impurity energy levels for extrinsic 25‑12
Hydrostatic semiconductors (tbl), 35‑6 area moment of, for trapezoids, 25‑7
force, 8‑1, 8‑4 In area moment of, for triangles, 25‑4
paradox, 8‑1 -line filtration, 14‑2 centroidal moment of, 4‑9, 25‑14, 33‑4
paradox, 8‑4 -place recycling, 52‑19 mass moment of, 29‑1
pressure, 8‑1 situ, 51‑1 moment of, 4‑9, 25‑1, 25‑14, 25‑16
pressure (see also Pressure), 20‑2 Inactivation requirements, removal and polar moment of, 25‑14, 32‑5
resultant, 8‑4 (tbl), 14‑9 product of, 25‑6, 25‑17, 29‑3, 29‑4,
Hyetograph, 10‑2 Incentive fee, 61‑4 29‑5, 29‑6, 29‑7
Hyperbola, 2‑5, 2‑8 Incident delay, 48‑8 Inertial
asymptote, 2‑8 Incineration, 17‑4 frame of reference, 27‑8
conjugate axis, 2‑8 Income, 60‑14 frame of reference, Newtonian, 27‑8
directrix, 2‑8 net, 60‑14 survey, 49‑2
eccentricity, 2‑8 Incompressible Infinite
focus, 2‑8 flow, continuity equation, 11‑2 series, 3‑14
standard form, 2‑8 flow, pipe and conduit, 11‑3 series, capitalized costs for, 60‑10
transverse axis, 2‑8 flow, steady, 11‑3 Inflation, 60‑11
Hypochlorous acid, 13‑7 Inconel, 36‑6 interest rate adjusted for, 60‑11
Hypolimnion, 13‑6 -X, 36‑6 rate, 60‑11
Hypotenuse, 2‑12 Incremental Inflection
Hypothesis analysis, 60‑12 point, 4‑3
null, 53‑2 compiler, 59‑3 point, test, 4‑4
test, 6‑20, 53‑2 Indefinite integral, 4‑7
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I-19
INDEX - L
Layer Lightweight Lintel, 43‑1
asphalt surfacing (fig), 52‑3 aggregate factor, 42‑2 Liquefaction, 18‑1, 18‑16
coefficient, 52‑18 concrete, 36‑11 Liquid
strength coefficient, 52‑18 Lignin, 36‑9 asset, 60‑15
-thickness equation, 52‑18 Limb limit, 18‑6, 18‑7
Layered falling, 10‑3 loading rate, 14‑18
appearance, 36‑19 rising, 10‑3 supercooled, 36‑9
geological strata, 58‑1 Lime Liquidated damages, 61‑7
Lead, 17‑4, 24‑3 hydrated, 14‑13 Liquidity, 60‑15
Learning curve, 57‑10 slaked, 14‑13 Liquidus line, 36‑17
Least -soda ash process, 14‑13 Liquor, mixed, 16‑2, 16‑5
squares balancing, 49‑8 Limestone, sweetening with, 37‑4 List
squares method, 6‑21, 49‑8 Limit, 4‑6 linked, 59‑9
Ledger, 60‑14 Atterberg, 18‑1, 18‑6 threaded, 59‑9
account, 60‑14 column longitudinal reinforcement, Lithium admixture, 37‑4
general, 60‑14 39‑2 Little’s law, 48‑9
Legal compression-controlled strain, 38‑4 Live load (ftn), 35‑12
capacity, 61‑1 confidence, for the mean, 6‑19 Load
speed limit, 48‑5 consistency, 18‑6 and resistance factor design, 43‑2
Length, 44‑1, 44‑2 elastic, 35‑11 and resistance factor design (LFRD),
arc, 27‑9 endurance, 35‑15 37‑2
between points, 2‑10 existence (fig), 4‑6 applied, pressure, 19‑1, 19‑2
characteristic, 11‑9 fatigue, 35‑15 block, 58‑7
crest curve, 50‑11 liquid, 18‑6, 18‑7 buckling (column), 34‑2, 39‑6
curve, 50‑2 lower confidence, 6‑18 capacity, 57‑6
effective column, 34‑2 minimum reinforcement, 38‑4 -carrying wall, 41‑1
factor, effective, 34‑2 modifying factors, endurance, 35‑15 chart, 57‑6
fracture, 35‑13 plastic, 18‑6, 18‑7 chart (tbl), 57‑7
measurement, boom (fig), 57‑7 proportionality, 35‑11 chart, crane, 58‑8
middle ordinate, 50‑3 state, 37‑8 concentric, 39‑7
of curve, 50‑2 state design, 43‑2 critical, 39‑6
plastic, 43‑4 states, strength, 46‑1 critical (column), 34‑2, 39‑6
point to circle, 2‑10 upper confidence, 6‑18 dead (ftn), 35‑12
PRT amber phase, 53‑5 Limited solubility alloy, equilibrium dominant, 26‑3
spiral transition, 50‑5 diagram (fig), 36‑17 -elongation curve, 35‑8
vertical curve, 50‑12 Line equivalency factor, 52‑15
Letter angle between, 2‑11 equivalent single-axle, 52‑15
height, sign, 53‑6 angle between two, 2‑3 Euler, 34‑2, 39‑6
of agreement, 61‑1 balance (fig), 51‑6 Euler bucking, 46‑2
Level defect, 36‑15 factor, 35‑12, 35‑16, 37‑9
confidence, 6‑1, 6‑15 dredge, 21‑1 factor (haulage), 51‑1
of service, 48‑3 equipotential, 18‑16 factor design, 43‑2
survey, 49‑3, 49‑4 equipotential pressure drop, 18‑16 factor design method, 35‑12
surveying, 49‑1, 49‑4 eutectic, 36‑17 factored, 37‑9
working, 17‑4 failure, 18‑23 group, placement to maximize local
Leveling, 49‑4 flow, 18‑16 moment, 26‑4
differential, 49‑5 general form, 2‑2 horizontal, 52‑2
direct, 49‑4 grade, 51‑3 live (ftn), 35‑12
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-20 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
moving, 26‑1, 26‑3 M/M/s multi-server model, 48‑9, 48‑11 eutectic, 36‑17
moving, on beams, 26‑1, 26‑3 MAAT, 52‑14 hard, 35‑8
pressure from applied, 19‑1, 19‑2, 19‑3 Machine isotropic, 31‑2
service, 35‑12, 37‑8 language, 59‑3 mechanics of, 31‑1
tipping, 57‑6, 57‑8 language instruction, 59‑3 pavement, 52‑1, 52‑2
Loader, 59‑3 Machinery arm, 58‑7 Problem calculation, 52‑4
production capability, 57‑2, 57‑3 Maclaurin series, 3‑16 procedure, 52‑1, 52‑3
Loader (tbl), 57‑2, 57‑3 MacPherson v. Buick (ftn), 61‑6 property, 35‑2
Loading Macro, 59‑3 property (tbl), 35‑3
axial, 34‑1 -assembler, 59‑3 property, structural (tbl), 35‑9
biaxial, 31‑1, 31‑5 instruction, 59‑3 safety data sheet, 58‑3
BOD, 15‑2 Macrophyte, 13‑5 safety data sheet, categories of, 58‑3
concentric, 34‑1 MACRS, 60‑9 soft, 35‑8
eccentric, 34‑1 Magma, 18‑2 strength, composite, 36‑13
organic, 15‑2 Magnesium hardness, 13‑3 strong, 35‑8
pavement, 52‑2 Magnetic tough, 35‑8
rate, 14‑18 declination, 49‑6 variance, 60‑17
rate, gas and liquid, 14‑18 meridian, 49‑6 weak, 35‑8
rate, solids, 15‑2 Magnification moment, 39‑6 workability, 18‑3
surface, 14‑4 Magnification (see Amplification), 46‑2 Materialman’s lien, 61‑4
triaxial, 31‑1, 31‑5 Magnitude, 26‑1, 26‑2 Materials
volumetric, 16‑5 moment, 33‑2 science, 35‑2
weir, 14‑4 shear, 33‑2 selection, 35‑2
Loadometer, 52‑16 Major axis, ellipse, 2‑7 Matrix, 3‑5
Local Malleable cast iron, 36‑4 addition, 3‑5
instability, 20‑6 Management coefficient, 3‑10
road, 48‑3 project, 54‑1 cofactor, 3‑7, 3‑8
shear failure, 19‑1 schedule, 54‑5 composite material, 36‑13
variable, 59‑4 Manager, construction, 55‑1, 61‑3 constant, 3‑10
Log Manganese ion, in water, 13‑4 determinant, 3‑7
reduction, 14‑8 Manning’s element, minor of a, 3‑8
removal, 14‑8 equation, 11‑5 identity, 3‑8
removal credit, 14‑9 roughness coefficient, 11‑5 inverse, 3‑8
removal efficiency, 14‑8 Manometer, 8‑2 multiplication, 3‑6
removal value, 14‑8 differential, 8‑2, 9‑2 nonsingular, 3‑8
INDEX - L
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-21
I-21
INDEX - M
zero-force, 23‑2 sum-of-the-years’ digits, 60‑8 physics, 14‑1, 14‑6
Membrane transformation, 33‑13 plug flow, 14‑6
flux, 14‑11 ultimate strength design, 35‑12 rate constant, 14‑6
salt flux, 14‑19 unit load, 26‑1, 26‑4, 26‑5 velocity, 14‑6 velocity
water flux, 14‑19 variable-slope, 10‑3 gradient, 14‑7
Meniscus, 7‑7 virtual work, 26‑4 Mixture
Mensuration, 2‑17 working stress design, 35‑12 alloy, 36‑17
circular sector, 2‑19 Method (see also type) concrete, typical, 36‑10, 37‑3
circular segment, 2‑18 60-degree, 19‑3 mks system, 1‑4
ellipse, 2‑17 allowable stress, 37‑2 sweetening, 37‑4
parabola, 2‑17 direct design, 40‑3 mks system, 1‑1, 1‑4
parabolic segment, 2‑17 double meridian distance, 49‑9 MLSS, 16‑3
paraboloid of revolution, 2‑22 equivalent frame, 40‑3 MLVSS, 16‑3
parallelogram, 2‑19 extraction, 52‑9 MMSCFD, 11‑2
pile, 51‑1, 51‑3 of coordinates, 49‑9 Mnemonic code, 59‑3
polygon, 2‑20 rational, peak runoff, 10‑1, 10‑4 Mobile crane, 57‑5, 57‑6
prismoid, 2‑1, 2‑20 storage indication, 10‑6 Mobilized
right circular cone, 2‑22 strength design, 37‑2 shear force, 20‑7
right circular cylinder, 2‑22 surface area, 52‑7 shear resistance, 20‑7
sphere, 2‑21 Metric system, 1‑4 shear strength, 20‑6
Mer, 36‑6 Meyer Mode, 6‑5
cross-linking, 36‑6 hardness, 35‑19 auto, 48‑3
functionality, 36‑7 test, 35‑19, 36‑22 Model
Mer (tbl), 36‑7 -Vickers test, 35‑19 digital, 59‑6
Meridian, 49‑6 MGD, 11‑2 gravity, 48‑3
Metal MGPCD, 11‑2 Greenshields', 48‑7
admiralty, 36‑5 Mica, 18‑2 logit, 48‑3
base, 36‑16 Microbial death ratio, 16‑5 Rose, 14‑9
characteristics, 36‑1 Microorganism, average concentration in Model Rules, 62‑3
FCC, 35‑11, 35‑17 aeration tank, 16‑5 Model similar, 9‑5
ferrous, 36‑1, 36‑2 Microsilica, 37‑5 Modeling vehicle accident, 53‑4
HCP, 35‑11, 35‑17 Microstrainer, 14‑3 Modified
identification system, 36‑2 Microwave asphalt recycling, 52‑20 accelerated cost recovery system, 60‑9
K-monel, 36‑6 Middle ordinate length, 50‑3 Goodman theory, 31‑10
monel, 36‑6 Miles per gallon, 53‑2 portland cement, 37‑4
nonferrous, 36‑1, 36‑5 Modifying factors, endurance limit, 35‑15
nonferrous, yield strength (fig), 35‑11 Modular ratio, 33‑13
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-22 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-23
I-23
INDEX - P
Nuisance flood, 10‑2 differential equation, 5‑1 velocity, 14‑6
Null first-, differential equation, 5‑1 Pair transform, 5‑6
hypothesis, 53‑2 of a matrix, 3‑5 Pan
set, 6‑1 of difference equation, 5‑10 coefficient, 10‑6
vector, 3‑14 second-, differential equation, 5‑1 evaporation, 10‑6
Number Ordinate middle, length of, 50‑3 Panel
Brinell hardness, 35‑19 Organic drop, 40‑3
Cauchy, 9‑6 color, in water, 13‑6 truss, 23‑1
complex, 3‑2 loading, 15‑2 Parabola, 2‑5
complex (fig), 3‑3 loading rate, 15‑2 area, 25‑11
complex, division, 3‑3 nitrogen, 13‑6 area, area moment of inertia, 25‑11
complex, multiplication, 3‑4 precursor, 13‑7, 13‑8 area, centroid, 25‑11
complex, polar form, 3‑3 sedimentary rock, 18‑2 constant, 50‑7
curve, 10‑5 solid, dissolved, 15‑1 directrix, 2‑6
Froude, 9‑6, 11‑9 trace, 15‑1 focus, 2‑6
imaginary, 3‑2 Orientation, angular, 3‑11 latus rectum, 2‑6
irrational, 3‑2 Orifice mensuration, 2‑17
NRCS curve, 10‑5 meter, 9‑3 standard form, 2‑6
period, 60‑6 plate, 9‑3 vertex, 2‑6
rational, 3‑2 submerged, 9‑4 Parabolic
real, 3‑2 Original cross section, 51‑1, 51‑2 axis, 2‑6
Reynolds, 9‑6 Orthogonal vectors, 3‑14 curve, 50‑6, 50‑7
stability, 21‑2 Orthophosphate, 13‑5 curve (fig), 50‑7
structural, 52‑16 OSHA, 58‑1 segment, area, 2‑17
Weber, 9‑6 noise limit, 58‑5 segment, mensuration, 2‑17
scaffold regulations, 58‑6
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-24 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-25
I-25
INDEX - P
declination, 49‑6 Polymerization, degree of, 36‑6 Preload bolt, 47‑2
sight, 49‑4 Polymorph, 36‑10 Preloaded soil, 18‑18
PMBOK Guide, 54‑1 Polymorphism, 36‑10 Premature exhaustion, 15‑6
PMF, 10‑2 Polyphosphate, 13‑5 Prerequisite of privity (ftn), 61‑6
PMP, 10‑2 Pond Presedimentation, 14‑1, 14‑3
Pocket penetrometer test, 58‑2 aerobic, 15‑3 Present
Point anaerobic, 15‑3 amount, 60‑4
balance, 51‑6 facultative, 15‑3 worth, 60‑4
balance (fig), 51‑6 maturation, 15‑3 worth (tbl), 60‑3
breakthrough, 14‑12 oxidation, 15‑3 worth analysis, 60‑11
critical, 4‑3, 36‑19 polishing, 15‑3 worth factor, uniform series, 60‑5
defect, 36‑15 stabilization, 15‑3 worth method, 60‑11
distance between, 2‑9, 2‑10 tertiary, 15‑3 Pressure
eutectic, 36‑17 Pond (see also Lagoon), 15‑1, 15‑3 absolute, 7‑2
extreme, 4‑3 Population, 6‑6 average fluid, 8‑4
grade, 51‑3 mean, 6‑6, 6‑16 barometric, 7‑4
high, 50‑8 standard deviation of, 6‑17 center of, 8‑4, 8‑5
inflection, 4‑3 variance, 6‑9 change, 11‑4
length between, 2‑10 Pore distribution, earth, 20‑2
low, 50‑8 pressure, 20‑2 distributions active, earth (fig), 20‑3
maximum, 4‑3 water pressure, 18‑14 distributions, passive, earth (fig), 20‑3
minimum, 4‑3 Porosity, 12‑2, 18‑11 drop, 11‑4
of application, 3‑11 Portable language, 59‑4 earth, 20‑1, 20‑2
of beginning of curve, 50‑5 earth, active, 20‑2
of contraflexure, 4‑3 earth, passive, 20‑2
of curvature, 50‑5 effective, 20‑2
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-26 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-27
I-27
Quadratic loading, gas and liquid, 14‑18 Reasonable worst case driver, 53‑5
equation, 2‑4 lowest achievable emission, 17‑1 Rebar, 37‑6
equation, root of, 2‑4 nominal interest, 60‑8 Rebound
formula, 2‑4 of change in grade, 50‑8 curve, 18‑18
Quadric surface, 2‑1, 2‑10 of momentum, 11‑10 velocity, 30‑8
Qualified person, OSHA, 58‑8 of return analysis, 60‑12 Receipt, 60‑2
Quantity of return, minimum attractive, 60‑12 Receivable
break-even, 60‑12 of shear formation, 7‑5 average age, 60‑16
of sludge, water treatment, 14‑8 of strain (fluid), 7‑5 turnover, 60‑15
takeoff, 54‑2 organic loading, 15‑2 Recession curve, 10‑3
vector, 27‑8 overflow, 14‑5 Reciprocal function, 2‑13
Quartz, 18‑2, 36‑10 per annum, 60‑8 Reciprocity, 63‑1, 63‑2
Quenched and tempered alloy steel, 37‑6 permeate, salt, 14‑19 Recirculation rate, 16‑6
Quenching, 36‑21 permeation, salt, 14‑19 Recognition acuity, 53‑6
Queue, 48‑9 recirculation, 16‑6 Recompression
Queueing delay, 48‑8 rejection, salt, 14‑19 curve, 18‑20
Quick shear (fluid), 7‑5 index, 18‑20
asset, 60‑15 sludge return, 16‑6 Record
mixer, 14‑6 transport, 14‑19 data, 59‑7
ratio, 60‑15 volumetric flow, 11‑2 drawings, 56‑1
Quicksand, 19‑2 weir overflow, 14‑5 index, 59‑8
Quicksort, 59‑8 Rating Recovery, 35‑11, 36‑21
SK, 15‑4 factor, capital, 60‑6
R system, rock mass, 18‑3 glare, 53‑6
R-value, 52‑2 Ratio Recrystallization temperature, 36‑21
R&D cost, 60‑16 acid-test, 60‑15 Rectangle, 25‑6
Rack, 15‑1, 15‑3 air-water, 14‑18 area moment of inertia, 25‑6
trash, 15‑3 amplification, 5‑4 centroid, 25‑6
Rad, 2‑11 benefit-cost, 60‑12 Rectangular
Rad (ftn), 2‑11 California bearing, 52‑2 coordinate form (position), 27‑2
Radial common, 3‑15 coordinates, 27‑1, 27‑2
component, 27‑7, 28‑6 critical slenderness, 34‑4 coordinates, curvature, 4‑5
component, planar motion, 27‑1, 27‑7 current, 60‑15 form, complex number, 3‑2
flow impeller, 14‑7 damping, 5‑3 pyramid (fig), 51‑3
Radian, 2‑11 distribution, 14‑20 to polar conversion, 3‑3, 3‑4
Radiation absorbed dose (ftn), 2‑11 dust-to-binder, 52‑11 Rectilinear
Radius effective slenderness, 34‑4 equation for rigid bodies, 28‑3
central curve, 50‑5 fineness-to-effective asphalt, 52‑11 motion, 27‑1, 27‑3
curve, 50‑2 food-to-microorganism, 16‑3 system, 27‑3
hydraulic, 11‑4 light-intensity-contrast, 53‑6 Rectum
of curvature, 4‑5, 27‑8 microbial death, 16‑5 latus, ellipse, 2‑7
of gyration, 25‑16, 43‑4 modular, 33‑13 latus, parabola, 2‑6
of influence, 12‑4 partition, 14‑20 Recurrence interval frequency, 10‑2
Radon, 17‑4 Poisson’s, 31‑3, 37‑7 Recursive call, 59‑4
Rain price-earnings, 60‑16 Recycle
acid, 17‑3 quick, 60‑15 flow rate, 16‑6
gross, 10‑5 recycle, 16‑6 ratio, 16‑3, 16‑6
net, 10‑5 reinforcement, footings, minimum, 42‑3 Recycled asphalt pavement, 52‑5, 52‑19
Rainfall severity, 53‑1 Recycling
curve, 10‑2 slenderness, 39‑2, 44‑1, 44‑2 cold, in-place, 52‑19
-runoff, NRCS, 10‑5 slenderness, critical, 44‑2 hot mix, 52‑20
Ramp density, total, 48‑4 stress, cyclic, 18‑16 wastewater, 15‑5
Ramping, 53‑3 void, 18‑10, 18‑11 Red
Random water-cement, 37‑3, 52‑4 clearance interval, 48‑9
error, 6‑16 Rational clearance interval, traffic signal, 48‑9
file structure, 59‑7 formula, 10‑4 interval, all-, 48‑9
variable, 6‑11 method, peak runoff, 10‑1, 10‑4 Reduced equation, 5‑4
INDEX - Q
variable, expected value of sum, 6‑15 number, 3‑2 Reduction
variable, sum, 6‑15 Rationalizing the denominator, 3‑3 factor, capacity, 37‑3
Range Rattler test, Los Angeles, 52‑6 factor, strength, 37‑3, 38‑4
diagram, crane, 58‑8 Raveling pavement, 52‑7 in area, 35‑13
stress, 31‑10 Reach, 11‑5 log, 14‑8
table, crane, 58‑8 Reaction, 22‑6, 53‑5 potential, 36‑14
Rankine eutectic, 36‑17 source, 17‑6
active earth pressure coefficient, 20‑5 eutectic (tbl), 36‑18 Redundancy, degree of, 26‑1
earth pressure theory, 20‑5 eutectoid (tbl), 36‑18 Redundant
passive earth pressure coefficient, 20‑5 oxidation potential, corrosion (tbl), member, 22‑6, 23‑2
Rapid 36‑15 support, 22‑6
mixer, 14‑6 oxidation-reduction, 36‑15 Reel power, 14‑6
sand filter, 15‑5 perception-, 53‑5 Reeving, 58‑7
Rate peritectic (tbl), 36‑18 Reference
15 minute passenger car equivalent peritectoid (tbl), 36‑18 absolute cell, 59‑6
flow, 48‑4 site, 36‑7 absolute row cell, 59‑6
accident, 53‑2 Reactivation, 14‑11 inertial frame of, 27‑8
annual effective interest, 60‑8 Reactive metal, 36‑6 relative cell, 59‑6
constant, mixing, 14‑6 Reactivity, alkali-aggregate, 37‑4 relative row cell, 59‑6
cooling, 36‑22 Reactor Reflection cracking, 52‑7
creep, 35‑18 biological, rotating, 15‑5 Reflex angle, 2‑11
demand flow, 48‑4 volume, first-stage, 16‑10 Refraction, atmospheric, 49‑4
inflation, 60‑11 volume, high rate, 16‑9 Refractory
interest, annual effective, 60‑3 volume, second-stage, 16‑10 metal, 36‑6
interest, effective, 60‑3 volume, standard rate, 16‑9 substance, 15‑1
loading, 14‑18 Real number, 3‑2 Regeneration, 14‑11
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-28 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-29
I-29
INDEX - R
cuts in (fig), 21‑2 Sedimentation, 14‑3 disjoint, 6‑1
filter, 14‑8, 15‑1, 15‑5 basin (see also Clarifier), 16‑1, 16‑2 element, 6‑1
filter backwashing, 14‑9 basins (tbl), 14‑6 intersection, 6‑1
filter, intermittent, 15‑5 plain, 14‑4 member, 6‑1
filter, polishing, 15‑5 tank, 14‑1, 14‑4 null, 6‑1
filter, rapid, 15‑5 Seepage permanent, 35‑11
filter, slow, 14‑10, 15‑5 exit gradient, vertical, 18‑18 theory, 6‑1
versus clay, 19‑1, 19‑2 factor of safety, 18‑17 union, 6‑1
Sandstone, 18‑2 flow net, 18‑1, 18‑17 universal, 6‑1
Saturated unit weight, 18‑12 Segment Settleable solids, 13‑7
Saturation degree, 18‑12 circular, 2‑18, 25‑10 Settlement, 18‑20
Scaffold, 58‑1, 58‑6 circular, area moment of inertia, 25‑10 ultimate consolidation, 18‑21
Scalar, 3‑11 circular, centroid, 25‑10 Settlement (see also Consolidation), 19‑1
function, gradient, 4‑10 circular, mensuration, 2‑18 differential, 19‑1
function, Laplacian, 4‑11 study, 48‑2 elastic, 18‑20
product, 3‑12 Selection, materials, 35‑2 immediate, 18‑20
Scale Self Settling, 18‑1, 18‑20
characteristic, 11‑9 -generating transducer, 35‑7 tank, 14‑1, 14‑4
Mohs, 35‑19 -generating transducer (fig), 35‑7 velocity, 14‑4, 14‑5
Rockwell A, 35‑19 Selling expense, 60‑16 Severability, 61‑2
Rockwell B, 35‑19 Semi Severity
Rockwell C, 35‑19 -gravity wall, 20‑1 category, 53‑1
water, 13‑4 -precise level, 49‑4 ratio, 53‑1
Scaling, pavement, 52‑7 Semiconductor, 35‑5 Sexagesimal system, 49‑3
Schedule, management, 54‑5 extrinsic, 35‑5, 35‑6
Scheduling, fast-track, 54‑5 extrinsic, elemental (tbl), 35‑6
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-30 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-31
I-31
Soil, 18‑3, 52‑1, 52‑2 free, permittivity of, 35‑3 in series, 30‑5
base, 52‑1 within letter, 53‑6 stiffness, 30‑4
classification, 18‑1, 18‑5, 58‑1 Spacing Square screw threads, 24‑1, 24‑3
classification system (tbl), 18‑9 bracing, 43‑3 Stability
classification, AASHTO, 18‑1, 18‑7 gage, 45‑2 Marshall, 52‑10
classification, AASHTO (tbl), 18‑8 hole, 47‑1 number, 21‑2
classification, Unified, 18‑1, 18‑8 pitch, 45‑2 pavement, 52‑6
classification, USCS, 18‑8 stirrup, 38‑8 Stabilization
cohesionless, 20‑2 Spalling, 52‑7 lagoon, 15‑3
cohesive, 20‑1, 20‑2 Spandrel, 43‑1 pond, 15‑3
failure, 18‑24 general, 25‑12 Stabilometer, Hveem, 52‑11
gap-graded, 18‑4 general, area moment of inertia, 25‑12 Stadia
granular, 20‑1, 20‑2 general, centroid, 25‑12 method, 49‑3
index property, 18‑11 Spatial domain, 5‑6 reading, 49‑3
mass-volume relationship, 18‑1, 18‑10 Special survey, 49‑1
noncohesive, 20‑2 conditions, 26‑1 Stagnation
nonplastic, 18‑6 damages, 61‑7 point, 9‑1
particles, classification, 18‑1, 18‑3 triangle, 2‑1, 2‑12 pressure, 9‑2
permeability, 18‑15 Specific Stainless
pressure, backward, 20‑2 capacity, well, 12‑4 steel, 36‑2, 36‑4
pressure, compressed, 20‑2 energy, 11‑7 steel, austenitic, 36‑4
pressure, forward, 20‑2 gravity, 7‑2, 18‑13 steel, ferritic, 36‑4
pressure, tensioned, 20‑2 gravity, apparent, 52‑8 steel, heat-treatable, 36‑4
strain, vertical, 18‑21 gravity, bulk, 52‑8, 52‑9 steel, martensitic, 36‑4
strength, 18‑24 gravity, effective, 52‑9 steel, precipitation-hardened (ftn), 36‑4
type A, 58‑1 gravity, maximum, 52‑9 steel, superaustenitic, 36‑4
type B, 58‑1 heat, 35‑7 steel, superferritic, 36‑4
type C, 58‑1 heat capacity, 35‑7 Stake (see also type), 49‑4
undrained case, 18‑24 heat, composite material, 36‑13 Standard
water table, 20‑3 heat, molar, 35‑7 accounting principles (ftn), 60‑14
wedge, 20‑6 heat, volumetric, 35‑7 area, grains in, 36‑23
well-graded, 18‑4 performance, 61‑2, 61‑5 atmospheric pressure, 7‑4
Soldier pile, 21‑1 volume, 7‑1 contract, 61‑3
Solid weight, 1‑1, 1‑3, 7‑2 cost, 60‑17
contact unit, 14‑8 weight (see Unit weight), 18‑12 deviation, 6‑7, 6‑8
density, 18‑13 weight, concrete, 36‑11 deviation of a population, 6‑17
mixed liquor suspended, 16‑5 Specification, 37‑2 deviation of activity, 54‑9
mixed liquor volatile suspended, 16‑5 direction, 49‑1, 49‑6 deviation, continuous variable, 6‑12
-solution alloy, 36‑16 Specifications document, 56‑2 deviation, sample, 6‑8
Solidity, 51‑6 Specimen test, 35‑8 deviation, sum of independent random
Solids Speed, 27‑1, 27‑2 variables, 6‑16
fixed, 16‑3 design, 50‑9 error of estimate, 6‑22
in water (see also type), 13‑7 free flow, 48‑4 factory cost, 60‑17
loading rate, 15‑2 relative computational, 59‑1, 59‑3 flood, 10‑2
nonvolatile, 16‑3 Speed (see also type) form, circle, 2‑9
residence time, 16‑4 design, 48‑5 form, ellipse, 2‑7
specific weight, 18‑13 legal, 48‑5 form, equation of a line, 2‑2
suspended, 15‑1 limit, 48‑5 form, hyperbola, 2‑8
volatile, 16‑3, 16‑5 SPF, 10‑2 form, parabola, 2‑6
washout, 16‑7 Sphere form, sphere, 2‑10
Solidus, line, 36‑17 area, 2‑21 form, straight-line, 2‑2
Solubility, 14‑17 center, 2‑10 hoisting rope, 58‑7
dopant atoms, 35‑5 mensuration, 2‑21 hole, 45‑2
Solute properties of, 29‑6 hydrogen electrode, 36‑14
flux, 14‑19 standard form, 2‑10 National Ambient Air Quality, 17‑1
mass transfer coefficient, 14‑19 volume, 2‑21 new source performance, 17‑1
Solution Spherical tank, 32‑4 normal table, 6‑14
alloy, 36‑16, 36‑17 Spinel, 36‑10 normal variable, 6‑14
complementary, 5‑4 Spiral of care, 61‑6
differential equation, 5‑4 column, 39‑3 of care (ftn), 61‑5
indicator, 13‑1, 13‑3 column, details, 39‑3 oxidation potential, 36‑14
Lame’s, 32‑4 curve, 50‑5 primary, 17‑1
neutral, 13‑1, 13‑2 transition length, 50‑5 project flood, 10‑2
particular, 5‑4 wire, column, 39‑3 rate digester, 16‑9
Solvency, 60‑15 wire, splice, 39‑3 -rate filter, 15‑4
Solvent Splice, spiral wire, 39‑3 rate reactor volume, 16‑9
flux, 14‑19 Splitting tensile strength, 36‑12 rod, 49‑4
flux, 14‑19 Spoils, 21‑1 secondary, 17‑1
INDEX - S
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-32 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
quenched and tempered, 37‑6 Stratospheric ozone, 17‑3 shear (fluid), 7‑4
reinforcing, 38‑1 Streaking, pavement, 52‑7 shear, concrete beam, 38‑6
rephosphorized carbon, 36‑2 Stream hydrograph, 10‑3 shear, distribution, beam, 33‑5
resulfurized carbon, 36‑2 Streamline, 18‑16 sign convention, 31‑1
shape designations, 37‑8 Street, 48‑3 -strain curve, 35‑1, 35‑10
sigma phase (ftn), 36‑4 urban, 48‑3 tangential, 32‑3, 32‑4
stainless, 36‑2, 36‑4 Strength tangential (fluid), 7‑4
stainless, austenitic, 36‑4 acceptance testing, 37‑1, 37‑5 tension, diagonal, 38‑6
stainless, ferritic, 36‑4 available, bearing, 47‑1, 47‑3 thermal, 32‑2
stainless, heat-treatable, 36‑4 beam, nominal shear, 38‑7 total, 18‑14
stainless, martensitic, 36‑4 bearing, available, 47‑1, 47‑3 von Mises, 31‑9
stainless, precipitation-hardened (ftn), block shear, 45‑5 yield, 35‑11, 37‑7
36‑4 breaking, 35‑11 Strict liability in tort, 61‑6
stainless, superaustenitic, 36‑4 coefficient, 52‑18 Stringer, 21‑1, 43‑1
stainless, superferritic, 36‑4 compressive, design, 44‑4 Strip footing, 19‑2
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-33
I-33
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-34 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-35
I-35
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-36 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I N D E X I-37
I-37
Viruses (tbl), 14‑9 concrete, vii, 36‑25, 41‑1 drawdown in aquifers, 12‑4
Viruses (tbl), 14‑15 counterfort, 20‑1 -graded soil, 18‑4
Viscometer, sliding plate, 7‑4 footing, 19‑2, 42‑1, 42‑2 gravel pack, 12‑3
Viscosity, 7‑4 gravity, 20‑1 gravity, 12‑1, 12‑3
absolute, 7‑5 load-carrying, 41‑1 monitor, 12‑3
absolute dynamic, 7‑5 nonbearing, 41‑1 penetrating, 57‑11
bulk, 14‑7 retaining, cantilever, 20‑1, 21‑3 relief, 12‑3
grading, 52‑4 retaining, effective stress in, 20‑1, 20‑2 screen, 12‑3
kinematic, 7‑5 semi-gravity, 20‑1 specific capacity, 12‑4
Newton’s law of, 7‑5 shear, 41‑2 Wellpoint, 57‑11
Visible light resistance, ultraviolet or, 36‑8 Warping constant, 43‑4 West declination, 49‑6
Vision WAS, 16‑2 Wet
20/20, 53‑6 Wash-out, toe, 21‑3 deposition, 17‑3
axis, 53‑6 Washboarding, pavement, 52‑7 unit weight, 18‑12
peripheral, 53‑6 Washout Wetted perimeter, 11‑4
Visit site, 54‑2 sludge, 16‑7 Wheel, rolling, 29‑7
Visual solids, 16‑7 Whistle-blowing, 62‑7
acuity, 53‑6 Waste White cast iron, 36‑4
acuity, center cone, 53‑6 -activated sludge, 16‑2 Wide-beam shear, 42‑2
axis, eye, 53‑6 PCB, 17‑4 Width
Vitrification, 36‑9 Wastewater effective, 38‑6
VMA, 52‑9 municipal (tbl), 16‑3 effective flange, 38‑6
Void treatment plant, 15‑1 net, 45‑2
ratio, 18‑10, 18‑11 Wasting sludge, 16‑6 Willful breach, 61‑5
volume of, 18‑10 Water Wire rope, hoisting, 58‑7
Voids -air ratio, 14‑18 Within letter space, 53‑6
filled with asphalt, 52‑9 balance equation, 10‑1 Wood, 36‑9
in mineral asphalt, 52‑9 budget equation, 10‑1 moisture content, 36‑9
total air, 52‑9 -cement ratio, 37‑3, 52‑4 content, Work, 30‑1
Volatile 18‑11 contributory, 57‑10
dissolved solids, 13‑7 demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 direct, 57‑10
solids, 13‑7, 16‑3, 16‑5 flux, 14‑20 effective, 57‑10
suspended solids, 13‑7 flux, membrane, 14‑20 hardness, -energy principle, 30‑6
Volcanic glass, 18‑2 13‑3, 13‑4 function, 35‑7
Volition, 53‑5 hardness ions, 13‑4 hardening, 36‑21
Voltaic cell, 36‑14 in concrete, 36‑10 ineffective, 57‑10
Volume property of (SI units) (tbl), 7‑3 internal, 31‑5
centroid of, 25‑3 property of (U.S. units) (tbl), 7‑3 method, virtual, 26‑4
cone, 51‑3 softening, 14‑13 nonproductive, 57‑10
control, 11‑10 subsurface, 12‑1 obstructive, 57‑10
index, sludge, 16‑4 supply demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 table, productive, 57‑10
of voids, 18‑10 soil, 20‑3 shaft, 11‑3
paraboloid of revolution, 2‑22 treatment, 14‑6 support, 57‑10
pile, 51‑1, 51‑3 treatment chemical application points, zone, 53‑7
prismoid, 2‑20 14‑3 zone safety, 53‑1, 53‑7
pyramid, 51‑3 triple point, 36‑20 Workability
right circular cone, 2‑21 underground, 12‑1 concrete, 36‑11, 37‑3
right circular cylinder, 2‑22 Watershed of materials, 18‑3
sludge, 16‑7 detention, 10‑6 pavement, 52‑6
specific, 7‑1 retention, 10‑6 Working
sphere, 2‑21 Watery mixture, 36‑11 arm, 58‑7
tank, 16‑7 Watt, 1‑6 cold, 36‑21
vehicles, 48‑6 Waveform period, 5‑5 hot, 36‑21
Volumetric Weak material, 35‑8 level, 17‑4
flow rate, 11‑2 Weakened base, pole, 53‑3 range diagram, 57‑6
heat capacity, 35‑7 Web, structural steel, 25‑15 stress design, 37‑8
heat capacity (ftn), 36‑13 Weber number, 9‑6 stress design method, 35‑12
loading, 16‑5 Wedge, 20‑6 Worth
Voluntary agreement, 61‑1 pile (fig), 51‑3 future, 60‑4
von Mises, stress, 31‑9 Weight, 1‑1, 1‑3, 25‑3, 28‑1, 28‑3 present, 60‑4
Vorticity, 4‑11 density, 1‑3 Wrap angle, 24‑3
Vulcanization, 36‑6 density (see Unit weight), 18‑13 Wrought iron, 36‑5
of natural rubber (fig), 36‑7 density, concrete, 36‑11
equivalent, 13‑1 X
W phase, 36‑18 x-intercept, 2‑1
W solids specific, 18‑13
-beam guardrail, 53‑3 specific, 1‑1, 1‑3, 7‑2 Y
-shapes dimensions and properties specific, concrete, 36‑11 y-intercept, 2‑1
(tbl), 43‑7 unit, 7‑2, 18‑12 Yard
shapes, AISC table, 43‑8 unit, concrete, 36‑11 bank cubic, 51‑1
shapes, available moment vs unbraced unit, of the solids, 18‑13 compacted cubic, 51‑1
length (tbl), 43‑8 -volume relationship, 52‑1, 52‑7 cubic, 51‑1
shapes, available strength in axial Weighted loose cubic, 51‑1
compression, kips (tbl), 43‑8 arithmetic mean, 6‑6 quarter, 51‑7
Waffle slab, 40‑3 average, 6‑6 -station, unit, 51‑6
Waiting mean, 6‑6 Year-end convention, 60‑1, 60‑3
line, 48‑9 Weir Yellow
time, 48‑9 loading, 14‑4 interval, 48‑8
Wall overflow rate, 14‑4 interval, traffic signal, 48‑8
INDEX - Y
active forces on retaining, 20‑5 Welded member, effective area, 45‑3 Yield
bearing, 41‑1 Well, 12‑1, 12‑3 coefficient, 16‑5
buttress, 20‑1 artesian, 12‑1 financial, 60‑8
cantilever, 21‑3 deep, 57‑11 point, 35‑11
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-38 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
strength, 35‑11
strength in shear, 31‑10
strength, nonferrous metal (fig), 35‑11
stress, 35‑11, 37‑7
Young’s
modulus, 31‑2, 35‑10
modulus, composite material, 36‑13
modulus, concrete, 36‑12, 37‑5
Yuba Power, Greenman v. (ftn), 61‑6
Z
Zero
-force member, 23‑2
-voids density, 18‑13
Zone, 48‑3
mass transfer, 14‑13
of influence, 19‑1, 19‑3
of sorption, depth, 14‑12
peripheral, 53‑6
work, 53‑7
Zone (see also type)
active, 20‑5
phreatic, 12‑1
vadose, 12‑1
Zoned survey, 49‑1
Zx beam selection table, 43‑4
INDEX - Y
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m