BAB IV

PERENCANAAN TULANGAN BALOK

4.1 Ketentuan
Tegangan desak beton, f’c = 22,5 MPa
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 400 MPa
Modulus elastisas baja tulangan, Es = 200000 MPa
Regangan maks serat desak beton, εcu = 0.003
Tulangan pokok D = 25 mm
Selimut beton Pb = 40 mm
Tulangan sengkang P = 10 mm

Gambar 4.1 Kodefikasi Balok

4.2 Desain Tulangan Balok
4.2.1 Desain Tulangan Lentur
1. Menghitung Tulangan Tumpuan Balok
A1D = 0,25 x π x D2 = 0,25 x π x 252 = 490,625 mm2
ds = pb + s + p + (0,5p) = 40 + 10 + 25 + (0,5.25) = 87,5 mm
d’ = pb +s + (0,5p) = 40 + 10 + (0,5.25) = 62,5 mm
f’c =22,5 MPa ≤ 30 maka β1= 0,85
fy = 400 Mpa
Es = 200000 Mpa
fy 400
εy =Es = 200000 = 0,002
0,85 x f′c 600
Nilai Rasio Tulangan ρb = x β x [600+fy]
fy
0,85 x 22,5 600
= x 0,85 x [600+400] = 0,0244
400

ρmaks = 0,75 x ρb= 0,75 x 0,0244 = 0,0183

ρpakai = 0,5 x ρmaks = 0,5 x 0,0183 = 0,0091
1,4 1,4
ρmin = = 400 = 0,0035
fy
fy 400
m = 0,85 x f′c= 0,85 𝑥 22,5 = 20,915

Rn = ρ x fy x (1 - 0,5 x ρ x m)
= 0,0183 x 400 x (1 - 0,5 x 0,091 x 20,915) = 3,3078 MPa

Mu
Mu - = 216,3105 kNm = 270,388 kNm


Mn 270,388 x 106
bd2 = = = 81,74 x 106 mm3
Rn 3,3078
 bd2
Mencari nilai d kebutuhan tulangan rangkap d = √ b

81,74 x 106
b = 300 mm d=√ = 521,98 mm
300

d = h – ds = 600 – 87,5 = 512,5 mm

d = 512,5 mm < 521,98 mm Dipakai Tulangan Rangkap
Dipakai b = 300 mm, d = 512,5 mm, h = 600 mm
Balok tulangan rangkap, diambil ρ = ρmaks = 0,0183
As1 = As – As’
As1 = ρ x b x dada = 0,0183 x 400 x 512,5 = 2811,82 mm2
As x fy 2811,82 x 400
a = 0,85 x1 f′ c x b = 0,85 x 22,5 x 300 = 196,03 mm
𝑎
Mn1 = As1 x fy x ( d – )
2
196,03
= 2811,82 x 400 x (512,5 – ) = 136,3652 kNm
2
Mu
Mn1 < = 270,388 kNm

Mu
Mn2 = – Mn1 = 270,388 - 136,3652 = 134,0229 kNm


Luas Tulangan Desak (As’)

As’ = As2
0,85 x f′ c x β x d′
fs' = 600 x [1 − (ρ−ρ′) x fy x d
]
0,85 x 22,5 x 0,85 x 62,5
= 600 x [1 − (0,0183) x 400 x 512,5
] = 454,2301 Mpa

fs' > fy, maka fs’ = fy = 400 MPa

Atau dengan memeriksa regangan tulangan desak
𝑎 196,03
c =β= = 230,625 mm
0,85
𝑐−𝑑′ 230,625−62,5
εs' = εcv = 0,003 = 0,00218 >εy = 0,002
𝑐 230,625

Baja desak sudah leleh

Maka f’s = fy fs’= 400 MPa
2 Mn 134,022 x 106
As’ = fs′ x (d−d′ ) = 400 x (512,5−62,5) = 744,57 mm
2

 Dipakai tulangan 25 A1 = 490,625 mm2

Jumlah Tulangan Desak
 As′ 744,57
n’ = A  = 490,625 = 1,51  2
1

As’ada = n x A1 = 2 x 490,625 = 981,25 mm2

Jumlah Tulangan Tarik
As = As1 + As2 = 2811,82 + 744,57 = 3556,395 mm2
As 3556,395
n =A = = 7,248  8
1 490,625

Asada = n x A1 = 8 x 490,625 = 3925 mm2

Syarat ndesak ≥ 50% ntarik
Jadi Jumlah Tulangan Desak
n’ =4
As’ada = n x A1 = 4 x 490,625 = 2835,287 mm2
Jumlah Tulangan Maksimal 1 baris
b−2 x (Pb+s ) +p 300−2 x (40+10)+25
mmaks = = = 4,5  4
2 x p 2 x 25

b−2 x (Pb+s ) − 𝑛1𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑥 p 300−2 x (40+10)−5 x25

Jarak = = = 33,3 mm > 25 mm ok
𝑛1𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 −1 4−1

Kontrol Kapasitas Lentur

As 2835,287
ρ = bxd = 300 𝑥 512,5 = 0,025
ada

As′ 1962,5
ρ’ = bxd = 300 𝑥 512,5 = 0,012
ada

Baja Desak Sudah Leleh

fs' ≥ fy, maka fs’ = fy = 400 MPa
(As−As′ )fy (2835,287−1962,5)x 400
a = 0,85 x f′ c x b = = 136,81 mm
0,85 x 22,5 x 400
𝑎
Mn = (As – As’) x fy x (d – 2 ) + (As’ + fs’) x (d – d’)
136,81
= (2835,287 – 1962,5) x 400 x (512,5 – ) + (1962,5 + 400) x (512,5
2

– 62,5)
Mu
= 349,67 kNm > = 270,388 kNm OK


2. Menghitung Momen Kapasitas (Mp)

Momen Kapasitas Negatif Mpr(–)
Desain tulangan balok pada Tumpuan
Tarik = 8 D25
Asada = n x A1 = 8 x 490,625 = 3925 mm2
Desak = 4 D25
As’ada = n x A1 = 4 x 490,625 = 1962,5 mm2
Cc = 0,85 x f’c x a x b
= 0,85 x 22,5 x (0,85 x c) x 300
= 4876,875 c
c−d′
Cs = As’ada x x 600
c
c−d′
= 1962,5 x x 600
c
c−d′
= 1177500 c

T = 1,25 x Asada x fy
= 1,25 x 3925 x 400
= 1962500

Cc + Cs – Ts = 0
c−d′
4876,875 c + 1177500 – 1962500 =0
c

c = 227,34 mm
a = 0,85 x c = 0,85 x 227,34 = 193,24 mm
c−d′
fs’ = x 600
c
227,34 −62,5
= x 600
227,34

= 435,04 MPa > fy = 400 MPa

fs’pakai =fs’ = 400 MPa
terakhir

a
Mpr(–) = {0,85 x f ′ c x a x b x (d − 2)} + {As′ada x fs′ x (d − d′)}
193,24
= {0,85 x 22,5 x 193,24 x 300 x (512,5 − )} +
2

{1962,5 x 400 x (512,5 − 62,5)}

= 845,295 kNm