Abstract Book Tradmed Symposium PDF

Track 01
Interpretation of traditional historical manuscripts in light of

modern science
Abstracts of Keynote Speakers and Oral Presenters
1
Independence, Resurgence of Nationalism and the Contested
Development of Traditional Medicine
Dr. Rathnayake M. Abeyrathne
Head/Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Traditional medicine has become a highly contested political issue in the aftermath of
independence in Sri Lanka between pro-reformists and anti-reformists. In my
presentation,I argue how a group of traditional medicine practitioners hindered the
implementation of the recommendations put forwarded by the Das Gupta Report in
1947, and instead forced the government to appoint a committee to look into and
promote Sinhala Medicine in the 1950s. It also argues how and why S.W.R.D.
Bandaranayake incorporated traditional medicine themes into Sinhala Buddhist
nationalist activities prior to coming to power in the 1956 elections. Furthermore, in this
presentation, I will further elaborate on how pro-reformists and anti-reformists came to
conflict over traditional medicine in Sri Lanka. Finally,in this presentation, I will debate
that while the Sinhala Buddhist Nationalist movement was behind the growth of
traditional medicine education, health care provision, and the registration of
practitioners, much was not implemented. Politicians invoked traditional medicine to
attract public support, but did not deliver on their promises. The tension between the
Sinhala Buddhist Nationalists and the more inclusive nationalist discourses brought
dynamism to the field of traditional medicine. It is therefore difficult for the historian of
medicine to write a traditional medicine historiography of Ceylon without examining
deeply the influence of language, religion, science, modernity and politics during this era.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Independence, Resurgent of Nationalism,
2
Ayurgenomics for Exploring the Genomic and Molecular Basis
of Translational Aspects of Ayurveda of Predictive and
Personalized Medicine
Dr. Bhavana Prasher
CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit –TRISUTRA, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and

Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.
Traditional systems of Medicine follow a holistic approach to management of health wherein

human beings are treated in totality taking into consideration their subtle relationship with
the environment. Ayurveda, the Ancient Indian System of Medicine, which a living tradition
of health and healing even to this day, deals with both wellness and illness in a predictive
and personalized way. Some of its salient aspects include comprehensive documentation
with regards tomedicinal preparations, clinical methods for diagnosis and assessment of
variability in health and disease, for their personalized administration. It also advocates and
provides methods for enhancement of knowledge including inter-disciplinary studies. (the
sentence looks out of place here). According to Ayurveda, individuals are born with a specific
proportion of tridosha which determines their ‘Prakriti’ or basic constitution. Prakriti to
large extent determines an individual’s health trajectory, response to external environment
including diet as well as susceptibility to diseases and their progression. “Tridosha” – vata,
pitta and kapha, are physiological entities that work in conjunction with each other across
systems and also respond to external environment to maintain homeostasis throughout
lifetime. Their perturbation beyond threshold levels leads to disease manifestation and the
goal of treatment is restore the balance to an individual’s baseline thresholds. The concept of
Prakriti thus enables integration of baseline physiological variability with adaptability,
disease manifestation and drug response. We at CSIR- TRISUTRA Ayurgenomics Unit are
integrating the Prakriti methods with genomics and modern biology to understand their
molecular and genomic basis. This we anticipate would enable identification of markers that
would be pertinent for discovery and development of personalized medicine. Through this
interdisciplinary framework of ‘Ayurgenomics’ we have been able to show molecular
differences among normal healthy individuals of predominant Prakriti types. Hypoxia is one
such axis that we have shown to differ between Pitta and Kapha Prakriti. Differences in
environmental and cellular responses to hypoxia can influence adaptation and adaptability as
well as outcomes of several diseases where hypoxia is either cause or consequence. These
observations also highlight the need for personalized management of an individual in
hypoxia condition. In this interactive session of Ayurgenomics we would share our group’s
experience in understanding of Tridosha through Prakriti, finding modern biological basis of
the concept how these insights are useful and applied to personalized medicine and
Ayurveda based drug research.
Keywords: Ayurgenomics, Traditional systems of Medicine, Tridosha, Prakriti
3
Sri Lankan Traditional Practices in Panchakarma with Special
Reference to Vamana Karma using Lindernia pusilla
(Wilandavenna)
Prof. (Mrs.) E. R. H. S. S. Ediriweera
Professor, Department of NidanaChikithsa, Institute of Indigenous
Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka
Consultant physician in Panchakarma and Kayachikithsa, Ayurveda
Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan traditional medicine is probably over 5000 years old and rich with various
medicinal preparations and treatment methods including Sri Lankan Traditional
Panchakarma. When performing Vamana Karma, traditional physicians use many
ingredients mentioned in Ayurveda texts. Knowledge of some herbs used in Vamana
Karma, such as Wilandavenna (Lindernia pusilla), Bim Nuga (Tylophoraindica and
Tylophora flava), Kotadimbula (Ficus hispida), Bakmi (Nauclea orientalis), Nitul
(Streblusasper) and Tholabo (Crinum asiaticum) is confined to families of these Sri Lankan
traditional physicians. Methods of performing Vamana Karma by Sri Lankan traditional
physicians differ somewhat from classical Ayurveda methods.Dr. H.M. Karunarathne, a
traditional physician from Deegalla Bogoda Veda Parampara performs Vamana Karma
using Linderniapusilla (Wilandavenna).Thirty g rams of fresh L. pusilla (Wilandavenna) are
pounded. This is mixed with 750 ml of fresh cow's milk to prepare the Vamana Aushadha
(Emetic drug). Then the mixture is strained seven times. While straining, the physician
takes seven steps forward and three steps backward. The traditional physician believes
that the number of bouts of vomiting will be equal to the number of steps taken forward.
The number of backward steps will be the number of times which purgation will
occur.The patient is given a 240ml of decoction of Kalashaka (Murray koenigi) mixed with
5ml of cow's ghee in the mornings for three days before Vamana Karma. On the 4th
morning, before Vamana Karma, the patient carries out religious observances and the
physician will chant traditional Mantras. Then, both physician and the patient sit with
their backs in the direction where “Maru” (evil forces of death) are residing on that day.
While maintaining their position Vamana Aushadha is administered to the patient orally.
When the patient feels the urge to vomit, king-coconut water is given to facilitate
vomiting until the appearance of Pitta (bile) in the vomitus. During the process the
patient may get loose motions a few times. When Vamana Karma is completed, the
patient is given a special diet consisting of rice and green gram curry as lunch. The patient
is advised to follow a proper dietary and behavioral regimen. It can be stated that
Linderniapusilla (Wilandavenna) is a safe emetic drug inherent toSri Lankan Traditional
medicine.
Keywords: Wilandawenna, Panchakarma, Vamana Karma, Emetic
4
OP 01-01: effectiveness of Patoladī Lepa Pratisārana and Mustādī Taila Gandūṣa in the
management of Kṛmidanta – A comparative study
LSP Kumaradharmasen1, KPP Peiris2, SV Kamal3

1
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
2
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Dental caries, a chronic disease, is unique among humans and is one of the most common global oral
health problems in the world today. More than 80% of Sri Lankan and 36% of world population are
suffering from Dental caries. Kṛmidanta and Dental Caries have the same clinical features, which is
manifested by vitiated Vāta, Kapha and Rakta Doṣas. Patoladī Lepa and Mustādī Taila are prescribed
in Chakra Datta as local remedies for “Kṛmidanta”. The sample was 90, thirty in each Group A, B and
C who were selected by using simple random sampling method. Group A, B and C were given
Patolādi Lepa Pratisārana, Mustādī Taila Gandūṣa and combination of above drugs, respectively. The
effect of treatment was assessed by subjective and objective parameters. This study showed a
reduction of Danta Śūla, Śopha, Mukhadurgandhyatā, Danta Harṣa, Animitta Rujā at p < 0.001 in
Group A and B. Combination therapy of Danta Śūla, Śopha, Mukhadurgandhyatā, Chalatā, Danta
Harṣa, Animitta Rujā also revealed statistically significant results. All three groups were shown to
have significant values of salivary pH and OHI. Improvement in Chidrata and Krishnata was not
observed. This study indicate that combined therapy can be used for early stage of Kṛmidanta as
prophylactic measures.
Keywords: Patolādī Lepa, Mustādī Taila, Kṛmidanta
OP 01-02: Evaluation of the efficacy of Kadukai Lehiyam in the management of constipation

(Malakaddu) - A case study
N Krishnamoorthy
Unit of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University of Sri Lanka
In the world, 2% to 20% of the population suffers from Constipation and most of them are adults.
Kadukai Lehiyam is a siddha formulation which is mentioned in Gnapadam Porudpanpu Nool part –
1. It can be used to cure Agni Mantham (Gastritis), Soolai (Abdominal pain), Malakaddu
(Constipation),Vayu (Flatulence), Moolam (Hemorrhoids). Hence here, an effort was made to
evaluate the efficacy of Kadukai Lehiyam in management of Constipation (Malakaddu) through a
case study. Literature review of ingredients of the drug shows that most of them have laxative and
carminative potency. A 65 years old male patient reported decreased stool frequency, straining
during defecation and feeling of incomplete evacuation for 3 years. It is associated with excess
gassiness. The texture of stool is rough and hard. He has had past history of above illness. He has
taken fiber laxativeand bisacodyl alternatingly for relief. The patient was treated with 10g (Punnai
fruit size) of Kadukai Lehiyam at night after meals with Luke warm water for 40 days. Appreciable
results were obtained after 3 days onwards in the form of increasing in frequency of defecation,
Satisfaction of patient and Urge for defecation. Further, gas expulsion was also noticeably reduced.
5
This case study revealed that Kadukai Lehiyam is very effective in the management of constipation
(Malakaddu).
Keywords: Kadukai Lehiyam, constipation, laxative
OP 01-03: Literary Study on Indigenous Version of Nārāyana Taila
WGNS Samanweera1, DL Perera2

1
Department of Dravyaguna, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2
PostgraduateInstitue of Archaeology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Naryana Tailaya is a famous medicinal oil preparation used among indigenous medical practitioners
and popular among general laymen society too. In Sarasankshepaya, indigenous medical text
written in Sanskrit, there are three types of Narayana Taila formulas found namely Laghu Narayana,
Madhyama Narayana and Maha narayana. The formula of Maha Narayana oil is mentioned in
Ayurveda Pharmacaopea of Sri Lanka and the name Maha Narayana Tailam is found in Indian
Ayurvedic sources like SahashraYogam too. Sinhala Yogarathnakara has NarayanaTailaya in
Sinahala verse and Sneha Shatakaya includes a formula in Sanskrit verses. The aim of this study is to
compare the indigenous formula of Narayana Taila found in a palm-leaf manuscript and to highlight
the unique characteristics of the indigenous version. For this study Sarasankshepaya, Sinhala
Yogarathnakara, Sneha Shatakaya, and palm-leaf manuscripts were used as primary data sources
and data were verified with views of indigenous medical practitioners. Indigenous formula of
Narayana Taila includes 44 plant ingredients of which the fresh juice is used for as the main
medicinal concoction while all the other formulas contain the decoction of the dried raw materials. It
is recommended to keep the juice concoction in a vessel sealed with clay for seven days and use
cinnamon firewood for heating for three days to be processed with sesame, margosa, maduka,
castor oils and ghee. The therapeutic applications of this oil are very diverse and the pharmaceutical
studies to be carried out on the manufacturing process which is unique to the Sri Lankan indigenous
medical tradition.
Keywords: Nārāyana taila, indigenous formula, medicinal oil, therapeutic applications
OP 01-04: Evaluation of polyherbal formula PhalaKalyāṇa Ghṛta on sperm parameters of Sprague

Dawely rats
KC Perera1, S Wijeratne2, D Lokuhetty3, D Mathew4

1
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
PhalaKalyāṇa Ghṛta (PKG) is an herbal medicine used by Ayurvedic medical practitioners in Sri Lanka
to treat infertility. So, to add to the existing knowledge of pharmaceutical significance of the above
formula, this work was chosen. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6
/group). Rats in group 1 and group 2 were orally administered 900 and 1800 mg /kg body weight of
6
the PKG, respectively for 12 weeks. Group 3 were considered as control and given distilled water.
After the treatment period, rats were weighed and blood samples collected for hormonal assay.
Then they were sacrificed and male reproductive organs dissected out. Sperms were collected from
cauda epididymis into warm Ferticult medium for sperm analysis. Total motile sperm concentration,
sperm motility and sperm morphology were assessed as per WHO criteria. The mean Sperm count of
Group 2 rats, was significantly higher (48.1±4.21 x 106 ml) compared to Group 1, (32.67 ± 6.13 X106
mL) (p = 0.001) and Group 3, (18.00 ± 5.21 x 106 ml) (p = 0.001) rats. Serum testosterone level was
significantly elevated in both treated group 1 and group 2 (2.967± 0.67ng/mL), (3.73 ± 2.10 ng/mL),
respectively when compared to the group 3, (0.68±0.11ng/mL) (p = 0.001). Motile sperm
concentration was significantly higher in group 2, than control group.PKG possesses positive effects
on sperm parameters of male Sprague Dawley rats which was evident by increasing sperm
concentration, the healthy motile sperm count, morphology and testosterone level.
Keywords:PhalaKalyāṇa Ghṛta, fertility, Sprague Dawley rats, motile sperms
OP 01-05: Immunomodulatory effect of Unani Compound preparation Ithrifal e Kishneez
JF Nairoza 1, MFM Fahim 2, MSM Nasmeer1, MMM Rifaee1

1
2
Rural Ayurvedic Hospital, Thirukkovil, Sri Lanka
The immune system is a complex defense mechanism of the body which protects the body against
infectious organisms and preserves the health of human beings. Improper function of the immune
system leads to various ailments such as allergy, asthma, arthritis, cancer and other infectious
diseases. Immunomodulators are substances that modulatethe immune system through a positive
or negative manner to help the body resist foreign pathogens and infectious agents. Many people
resort to herbal medicines in seeking immunomodulators in order to keep them healthy. Ithrifal e
Kishneezis a Unani compound preparation which is commonly used in treating diseases like chronic
catarrh,headache, gastric problemsand it acts as a stimulant.It contains important ingredientssuch as
Coriandrumsativum,Terminalia chebula,Terminalia belerica,Emblica officinaliswhich are believed to
boost or modulate the immune system and thus prevent or treat disease conditions. The objective of
the study was to find out immunomodulatoryeffect of the ingredients of Ithrifal e Kishneezin order
to justify its long use in Unani System of Medicine.Theinformation collected from classical texts,
books, Scientific Journals,Review articles and websources (PubMed and Google Scholar databases)
were thoroughly studied. The ingredients of Ithrifal e Kishneez showed immunomodulatory effects
as well as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial,antifungal,anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-
carcinogenic activities and hepato-protective activity. Therefore,Ithrifal e Kishneez can be effectively
used as an immunomodulatory drug to strengthen the immune system and protect the body from
diseases.
Keywords: immune system, immunomodulators, Ithrifal e Kishneez, Unani medicine
7
OP 01-06: Diversity and utility of treatments recommended for Pramēha and associated conditions
in Sri Lankan indigenous system of medicine
WGNS Samanweera1, S Pilapitiya2

1
2
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka and Department of Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Pramēha is one of the chronic conditions that needs vigilant care and prolonged therapeutic
management supported with a restricted dietary routine, according to both Ayurveda and
indigenous medicine. The aim of this study was to find the unique features of diversity and utility of
treatments recommended in indigenous medicine in contrast to classical Ayurveda. Primary data
were collected from 34 indigenous medical texts, interviews with traditional practitioners and 12
classical Ayurvedic text books. Five well practicing traditional practitioners were selected from five
provinces and data were collected using a pre tested questioner. The collected data were compared
to find the differences between traditions of classical Ayurveda and indigenous medicine (IM). There
is no significant difference found in basic principles and theoretical approach applied for treatment
context in Ayurveda and indigenous medicine. The word Diyavediyāva is found in IM texts in later
periods as a common synonym for Pramēha but exclusively used for diabetes. But the diversity of
plants and preparations mentioned in IM is high and some of them are exclusively found only in the
Sri Lankan tradition. A large variety of medicinal preparations such as Basna, Kanda, Pittu, Páṇi,
Lēha, Lēpa, Talapa, Kāyam, Káwum are exclusive preparations mentioned in IM. According to IM
texts and practitioners, 235 medicinal plants were identified in treatments for Prameha. Pattiyam
Allīma is an important part of Pramēha in IM and a wide treatment system is hidden in Veda
Paramparā as well as in lesser known literary sources. It is suggested to conduct further research on
pharmacological properties and biologically functional compounds of exclusive ingredients and
preparations found only in indigenous medicine.
Keywords: Pramēha, indigenous medicine, preparations, plants, treatments
OP 01-07:Evaluation of the effect and efficacy of a herbal formulation derived from Sri Lankan
medical Ola leaf manuscript in the management of urinary calculi
SMSU Gnanarathne1, WAL Chandrasiri1

1
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute/University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Urolithiasis (Urinary Calculi; Muthra Ashmari in Ayurveda) is a common disorder with an increasing
incidence and is reported to occur in 10-15% of the global population. This randomized prospective
cohort clinical study was designed toevaluate the effect and efficacy of herbal formulation selected
from Ola leaves manuscript belonged to Dr.K.A.P.S.Kodikara, a descendent from king Keerthi sri
rajasinghe(1747-1782), in the management of urinary calculi. 29 patients with urinary calculi
confirmed by a consultant radiologist were selected from Out Patient Department of Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital and assigned into two groups randomly. The powder
of plant materials consisting of Elettaria cardamomum, Piper longum and Strychnos potatorum was
given to the patients of group A (n=16) at a dose of 10g with 240ml of young coconut water three
8
times a day for consecutive 21 days. The patients of group B (n=13) were treated with 2 tablets of
Cystone (Himalaya) 3 times a day for 3 weeks comparatively. The patients of Group A showed
significant effect on reducing clinical features i.e. pain, burning micturition, haematuria, pyuria, and
tenderness at renal angle(P<0.05) and reduction in the number of stones(83.33%) and size of
stones(62.5%). Similarly, the patients of Group B showed significant effect on reducing pain,
pyuria(P<0.05) and decrease in the number of stones(73.33%) and size of stones (66.66%) without
significant difference between two groups. These results provide scientific back ground for further
studies on the effect and efficacy of this herbal formulation in order to validate the success in the
management of urinary calculi.
Keywords: calculi, herbal formulation
9
10
Track 02
Integrative, evidence based traditional medicine practices
11
Real-time Monitoring System of Thai Traditional and
Alternative Medical (TTM) Service Performance in the
Health Service System of Thailand
Dr. Rutchanee Chantraket
Head of Technical and Knowledge Bank Working Group, Technical and

Plannning Division, Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative
Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
The Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine in Thailand was established
in 2002 to play an important role in developing the Thai traditional and alternative
medical (TTM) service system so that it is implemented along with the modern medical
system. In 2014, .the Ministry of Public Health launched the health information reform
program to reduce the burden of data collection and recording in the operation system
and to acquire essential data in a simple and non-redundant manner, causing no burden
to local health officials. The national database system has been developed to collect and
record service data in 43 standard folders that correspond to the need for data utilization
at the local level and such data can be forwarded to the central administration. This effort
is carried out in cooperation with the Information Technology Center in communicating to
develop a Health Data Center for Thai Traditional Medicine (HDC TTM) Services. Such a
system is used as a tool for monitoring and reporting the performance of the TTM service
provided for outpatients and inpatients at all health-care facilities across the country. The
data and information acquired include those on diagnoses and treatments, drug
dispensing, therapeutic procedures, health promotion activities and proportions of
services. At present, the system is developing a system for reporting on traditional
Chinese medical services and procedures and home visits in the communities.
Keywords: management information system, 43 standard folders of data, monitoring and

evaluation
12
The Pharmacovigilance System of Traditional Medicine
Products in the Health Service System of Thailand
Ms. Wimon Suwankesawong
Director of Technical and Planning Division, Former Head of the Health

Product Vigilance Centre of the Thai FDA, National Pharmacovigilance
Center, Thailand
The pharmacovigilance (PV) system of traditional medicine products,including herbal

products, was set up as a part of the national vigilance system. The system was
established in 1983 under the supervision of Thailand’s national drug regulatory
authority (Thai Food and Drug Administration: Thai FDA). The scope of surveillance
covered both registered and unregistered products. Back then, there was no
mechanism set up for quality control in laboratories to investigate the product in
routine practices unless a cluster of cases were detected or adulteration was
suspected.The first report of adverse eventsof traditional medicine was received in
1999. To promote the reporting of adverse events of traditional medicine, several active
surveillance programmes were initiated, especially after traditional medicine was
included in the Thai National Essential Drug List (NEDL) in 1999, such asa two-year
Intensive Monitoring Programme (IMP) for single herbal ingredient formulation, in line
with the requirements of the NEDL 1999 and 2006 editions.During 1999-2016, more
than 2,000 reports of traditional medicine productswere received, out of those reports
two signals for the product containing single herbal medicines were detected, Cassia
siamea (leaf), associated with hepatotoxicity in 2000 and serious hypersensitivity
reactions from the use of Andrographis paniculata in 2012. Aftersignals were
generated, the risk of taking these products were disseminated to health-care
professionals across the country following appropriate regulatory action. The
registration of products containing Cassia siameawere withdrawn and warning of
hypersensitivity was added for Andrographis paniculata.
Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, system of traditional medicine products, Herbal products
13
Anti-Cancer Activities of Guar Coated Zinc-Ferrite Magnetic
Nanoparticles Encapsulating Lactoferrin
Prof. Jagat Rakesh Kanvar
Leader in “Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular

Biomedical Research” at Deakin University, Australia.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. Pivotal issues
concerning the use of chemotherapy as a treatment alternative are its off-target effects,
adverse side effects and drug resistance. Magnetic nanoparticle therapy has gained
immense attention over the years. It has the potential to provide targeted anti-cancer
therapy, real time imaging and thus, theranostic properties with a significant reduction
in side effects. Therefore, a novel approach was performed using adsorption, wherein
magnetic zinc ferrite (Zn0.4Fe2.6O.Fe2O3) nanoparticles were coated with Fe-bLf
encapsulating guar gum. Nanoparticle characterization carried using TEM indicated a
spherical morphology and size range of 20-50nm. The core exhibited crystalline
structure and the lactoferrin was successfully encapsulated which was confirmed using
XRD and FTIR respectively. Enhanced anti-cancer efficacy of nanoparticles was observed
when used in the presence of a magnetic field;this was confirmed by trypan blue and
MTT assay which was observed in caco-2 and SW480 cells. However, GG-ZnFe-Fe-bLf did
not significantly alter the viability of FHs 74 cells. Additionally, 3D caco-2 tumor model
confirmed the ability of GG-ZnFe-Fe-bLf in reducing the surface area and viability of
cells. Nanoparticle internalisation occurred in 2 hours via the Lactoferrin receptors
present on colon cancer cells surface. Further, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) was observed as a result of GG-ZnFe-Fe-bLf treatment. Additionally, investigation
of the apoptotic pathway taken up by the GG-ZnFe-Fe-bLf nanoparticles was
determined via western blots, which depicted an upregulation of p53 and FAS and down
regulation of survivin and Bcl-2.
Keywords: Guar gum, Zinc ferrite, Lactoferrin, Colon cancer, Adsorption, Apoptosis
14
Applications of Nanotechnology in Bioimaging and Drug
Delivery
Dr. Lyudmila Turyanska
Assistant Professor/Senior Lecturer in the School of Physics and

Astronomy (University of Nottingham) and School of Chemistry
(University of Lincoln), USA.
The talk will review recent development of nanomaterials for applications in bioimaging
and drug delivery. Imaging of tissues is of great importance for improved diagnostics.
Novel nanoparticles were developed and allow combined deep tissue fluorescence
imaging in the near-infrared wavelength range of low absorption of biological tissues
and magnetic resonance imaging. Protein capsule, Apoferritin, is used to encapsulate
imaging agents and therapeutic molecules. Presence of protein shell improves solubility
and stability in physiological solvents and allows selective targeted delivery of the cargo.
Application of nanomaterials in medicine has a great potential to refine the bioimaging
capabilities enabling tracking the delivery of a therapeutic compound, thus enhancing
treatment selectivity.
Keywords: bioimaging, drug delivery
15
Treating Depression and Anxiety: Integrating Complementary
and Alternative Therapies in Clinical Practice
Prof. Arun V. Ravindran
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Director, Global Mental Health

and the Fellowship programs, University of Toronto, Canada Clinician
Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Depressive and anxiety disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide and major
contributors to the global burden of disease. Despite considerable research, they remain
difficult to treatdue to issues of treatment resistance, adverse effects, and non-compliance,
among others. As such, there is increasing interest in alternative therapeutic approaches.
Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) are interventions not considered part of
conventional Western medicine. These include physical therapies, such as exercise and
Yoga; nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids; andherbal remedies, such as St John’s
wort and curcumin. These interventions – many of which have been used for generations in
the East – have gained popularity in the West in the last couple of decades, reflecting a
paradigm shift in Western medicinetowardsholistic approaches that integrate elements of
Eastern medicine. CAMs have been shown in several trials to have clinicalbenefits in mood
and anxiety disorders. While thepathophysiological mechanisms mediating their benefit are
not fully understood, there is reasonable evidence that they are similarto those of
conventional Western medicines.These include modulation of neuronal signaling and
connectivity, normalization of HPA-axis and autonomic reactivity, and reduction of
inflammation, among others. The presentation will review the published evidence for the
benefit of different CAM treatments for depression and anxiety together with proposed
neurobiological mechanisms. It will also provide suggested guidelines for integrating CAMs
with conventional Western interventions.
Keywords: depressive and anxiety disorders, complementary and alternative Medicine,

Yoga, nutraceutical
16
Implementation of WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-
2023
Dr. Zhang Qi
Head, Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Unit,

World Health Organization, Geneva.
To address the global challenges in the area of traditional, complementary and integrative
medicine(TCI), WHO developed and launched the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-
2023. The World Health Assembly in 2014 also adopted a resolution on traditional
medicine(WHA67.18) which is focusing on the implementation of the strategy. The strategy
covers two goals: 1) Harnessing the potential contribution of traditional and
complementary medicine(T&CM) to health, wellness, people-centred health care and
universal health coverage; 2)Promoting safe and effective use of T&CM through the
regulation, research and integration of T&CM products, practices and practitioners into the
health system, as appropriate. The three objectives of the strategy are: 1)To build the
knowledge base for active management of T&CM through appropriate national policies;
2)To strengthen quality assurance, safety, proper use and effectiveness of T&CM by
regulating T&CM products, practices and practitioners; 3)To promote universal health
coverage by integrating T&CM services into health care service delivery and self-health
care. The implementation of the strategy will be conducted together with the WHO
Strategy on People-Centred and Integrated Health Services, and contribute to the goal of
universal health coverage. The WHO headquarters, in coordination and cooperation with
Regional and Country Offices, is conducting the following activities in accordance to WHO
roles in public health: 1) Leadership, which includes a) Integration of TCI in national health
systems, b) Networking; 2) Research and Knowledge, which includes a) Database for clinical
evidence, b) TCI Knowledge platform; 3) Standards, norms and technical documents, which
includes a) Development of technical documents, b) International Terminology and
Classification of TCI, c) 'Benchmarks for Training' in TCI, d) 'Benchmarks for Practice' in TCI;
4) Ethical and evidence-based policy, which includes a) Country support in the
implementation of the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy; 5) Building institutional
capacity, which includes a) Interregional training workshops for capacity building of
government officials b) Development of capacity building tools; 6) Monitoring and
assessing.
Keywords: Traditional, Integrative Medicine, Traditional Medicine Strategy
17
An Overview of Strategies for Improving Research on
Indigenous and Traditional Medicine
Dr. M. W. S. J. Kumari
Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Indigenous Medicine,

University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka.
The Sri Lankan Indigenous and Traditional Medical System (ITM)are as old as the civilization
of the country. Research in Indigenous and Traditional Medical systems are a new growing
trend of the globe. The aim of this study was to review the Sri Lankan situation of research
governance and find suitable strategies to advance the research on ITM. The related
material was collected by literature survey and firsthand experience. The result revealed
that no national research governance policy currently exists inSri Lanka, including ethical
guidelines or codes of conduct for research. It is a necessity to provide equal states for ITM
in National Health Policy, offer equal opportunities for research on ITM in draft National
Health Research Act,reform and empower the Institutes working on ITM research,
formulate healthcare ethics committees, increase collaborative research, prioritize research
fields, identify Key terminology, validate subjective criteria, prepare guidebooks on
research ethics specially forITM, follow ethical conduct, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and
Good Laboratory practice (GLP) etc., empower Ethics Review Committees reviewing
research on ITM, develop a monitoring body for research on ITM and remove the obstacles
which hindered the research on ITM. Open educational opportunities to follow research
methodology, GCP, GLP, human subjects’ research, responsible conduct of research, animal
care and use, essentials of research administration, international content, conflict of
interest, information privacy and security, bio safety and biosecurity are need to empower
the ITM community in Sri Lanka. Comprehensive strategies are also inevitable to evaluate
traditional and indigenous medical prescriptions for the advancement of the field.
Keywords:Indigenous and Traditional Medical System, Research, Sri Lanka
18
Diversity of Indigenous Medicine of Sri Lanka with Special
Reference to the Moneragala District
Dr. S.M.S. Samarakoon
Senior Lecturer, Department of Deshiya Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous

Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Indigenous Medicine (IM) "Helawedakama" is a heritage of Sri Lanka coming over centuries
from generation to another. In fact, Sri Lanka is proud to claim to be the first country in the
world to have established systematic hospitals. Some ancient cities of Sri Lanka;
Polonnaruwa, Medirigiriya, Anuradhapura and Mihinthale still have the ruins of what many
believe to be the first hospitals in the world. Historically, indigenous physicians enjoyed a
noble position in the country's social hierarchy due to the royal patronage granted to them
by ancient kings. Indigenous Medicine of Sri Lanka comprises numerous branches such as
Kedum-bidumWedakama (orthopedics or fracture healing), Sarpavisha-Wedakama
(treatment for snake bites), Es-Wedakama (ophthalmology), Unmada-Wedakama
(psychiatry), and Gedi-Wana-Pilika Wedakama (treatment of abscesses, wounds and
cancers) etc. which are said to be still effective and accepted by the community. In addition,
there are many valuable medicine, treatment methods, beliefs and techniques in some
families coming from generations which are still undocumented. The Moneragala District in
the Uva Province consisting of eleven divisional secretariats is selected for this study as its
territory is rich of different indigenous medical traditions and also endemic medicinal plants.
Keywords: Indigenous Medicine, Helawedakama, Moneragala District.
19
OP 02-01: The therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa Linn [Turmeric]: A clinical trial using
Turmacin for osteoarthritis
C Kulkarni1, K Madhu2, MJ Saji3

1
SAKRA World Hospital, Bangalore and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, St John's Medical College,
Bangalore, India
2
St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
3
St John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
Turmeric, a well-known Indian spice from rhizomes of Curcuma longa is used in Indian cuisine and
Ayurvedic medicine as an anti-inflammatory, which is attributed to the active constituents
Curcuminoids. Traditional medicine shows water soluble components are consumed as curries and
decoctions for health benefits, which has prompted hypotheses that water soluble phyto-
constituents possess pharmacological activity. Extracts from an aqueous base devoid of
Curcuminoids were studied in vitro and in vivo. Turmacin [NR-INF-02] was studied in animal models
of inflammation, pain and after confirming safety in clinical trial on patients with osteoarthritis (OA).
Safety and efficacy of Turmacin was assessed in knee OA by randomized placebo-controlled, single-
blind, clinical trial. 120 primary OA patients received placebo(400mg twice daily) or Turmacin(500mg
twice daily) or glucosamine sulphate (GS) (750mg twice daily) alone or in combination for 42 days.
Efficacy was assessed on day 21 and 42. Primary efficacy measures were decreased severity of
affected knee pain, using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and function by Western Ontario and
McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) scale. Clinical examination was by using
Clinician Global Impression Change(CGIC). The turmacin treated group showed a significant(p≤0.05)
decrease in VAS, WOMAC and CGIC scores on day 21 and 42 compared to placebo, with
decrease(p≤0.01) in use of rescue medications. GS demonstrated significant reduction in VAS
scores. The study demonstrated safety and efficacy of Turmacin, adding supportive evidence to the
protective activity on cartilage and is currently being evaluated for application in sports and long
term benefits in OA using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Keywords: osteoarthritis, Turmacin, Visual Analogue Scale, McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis
Index, Clinician Global Impression Change
OP 02-02: Effect of Agnikarma in the management of Asthijagranthi with special reference to

ganglion on the wrist joint - A case study
KCP Gunarathne
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Hospital, Sri Lanka
Granthi can be small glandular or nodular swellings due to benign tumours (neoplasms and cysts).
Asthija Granthi is a protuberant or depressed Granthi developed after Abhighata (fracture or
trauma). According to Vagbhata, benign tumors that have not suppurated are treated in a manner
similar to swelling. A ganglion cyst is a fluid filled lump associated with a joint or tendon sheath. They
most often occur at the posterior aspect of the wrist. Most are asymptomatic but some can develop
complications. Allopathic treatments include watching and waiting, splitting the affected joint,
needle aspiration and surgery. A girl aged 25 years presented to the hospital out-patient department
20
with a symptomless swelling on the left wrist for the last five years. It was mobile and had very slow
growth. Fine Needle Aspiration diagnosed a ganglion, or Asthijagranthi, in Ayurvedic terms. Internal
and external Shothahara (reduce swelling) and Lekhana (emaciation) treatment was started and
progress monitored for three months, however no change was seen. Finally Agni Karma
(cauterization) was done weekly by Panchalauhashalaka (an instrument). Within one month the
swelling started to reduce in size from 1.5cm - 1cm in diameter and it started softening from a hard
consistency. This case study suggests that Agni karma is an effective method among Parashalya
(para surgical) methods.
Keywords: Granthi, Ganglion, Agni Karma, Parashalya, Apunarbhavakara
OP 02-03: Evaluation of the in-vitro cytotoxic and proliferative effect of MMYACH choorna on
Endometrial carcinoma, Hela, Vero and L929 cell lines
WMD Wickramaarachchi1, HP Wakkumbura2, TN Premachandra1, JA Liyanage3, RPVJ Rajapakse1

1
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kaumarabruthya and Shree Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Cancer is a disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other
parts of the body. One of the major causes of death worldwide, there is still no effective treatment
found for most cancers. In this experiment, the effect of MMYACH choorna, a novel herbal decoction
of 9 Sri Lankan medicinal plants, details of which cannot be published yet due to application of
patent rights, on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation is evaluated. MTT and Alamar blue assays
were carried out to evaluate the in-vitro cytotoxic and proliferative effect on Endometrial Carcinoma
(RL95-2), Hela, Vero and L929 cell lines. For MTT assay, cells were seeded in 96 well plates and after
24 hours incubation, treated with different concentrations of decoction. After 24 hours, MTT assay
was carried out to determine the cytotoxicity with non-treated cells as negative and ethanol as
positive controls respectively. Alamar blue assay was carried out similarly in 24 well plates. MTT
assay results showed that the concentrations tested were not cytotoxic to any cell line compared to
controls with p<0.05. In Alamar blue assay results, the tested concentrations of the decoction had no
significant proliferative or anti-proliferative effect on Hela, Vero and L929 cell lines. But for RL95-2
cell line the results showed a significant anti-proliferative effect in each of the tested concentrations
of the decoction. It can be concluded that there is no cytotoxic effect of tested concentrations of
MMYACH choorna and it can be used as an anti-proliferative drug on Endometrial carcinoma.
Keywords: ayurveda, cytotoxicity, endometrial carcinoma, MTT assay
21
OP 02-04: A comparative literature review on different methods of iron chelation therapy in
allopathic medicine and Ayurveda
WDD Weerapperuma1 JMS Udayakumara2

1
Meegoda Ayurveda Provincial Hospital, Sri Lanka
2
Teaching hospital Mahamodara, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
Thalassemia is one of the inherited blood disorders caused by a single gene error that leads to
abnormalities of haemoglobin production. The clinical manifestations can be described in terms of
Ayurveda like Pāndutā, Kāmalā, Atihraswa, Plīhavriddhi etc. The main complication of thalassemia is
iron overload and modern medicine prescribes regular iron chelation therapy with dexferioxamine
for patients unable to afford bone marrow transplantation. Since contemporary surveys show that
patient compliance to dexferioxamine is low, experimentation of alternative methods for chelation is
a timely need. The objective of this study was to review literary sources to find the logical basis of
iron chelation therapy according to Ayurvedic principles. The methodology used was to analyze the
treatment protocols and research data on iron chelating agents as an alternative or adjunct
treatment of thalassemia. The antidotes used for metallic preparations can have metal binding
properties that can have an effect on the chelation process. Experimental models suggest that foods
containing plant polyphenols and flavonoid compounds may have benefits as iron chelators that can
even cross the blood–brain barrier. Proanthocyanidins, epicatechins, flavonols and anthocyanin
contain an iron-binding motif similar to the catechol moiety that is a known iron-binding element of
microbial siderophores. Analyzing the treatment protocols of Paandu and Kaamala shows that
natural chelating agents are commonly found among the ingredients of prescribed
recipes. Ayurvedic drugs like DhātrīAvaleha, TripalādiAveleha contains many ingredients that have
shown the chelating activity. The conclusion suggests carrying out experimental studies to prove the
iron chelation activity of Ayurvedic preparations that can increase thalassemia patients’ compliance
and transfusion intervals.
Keywords: Thalassemia, iron chelation therapy, Pāndu, Kāmalā
22
OP 02-05: Effect of dietary patterns on cognitive decline in spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington
Disease
L Gonawala1,7, N Wijekoon1, V Suriyakumara1, D Sirisena2, H Gunasekara3, P Akalanka1, V Suroliya4,

M Faruq4, A Dalal5, HWM Steinbusch6,7, R de Silva1,7
1
Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Teaching Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
3
Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
5
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
6
Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Faculty Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht,
Netherlands
7
EURON - European Graduate School of Neuroscience
Though age is the main determinant of cognition, it is reported that lifelong dietary habits may also
have important implications. Cognitive decline is characterized in Huntington Disease (HD) and
Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). Sociodemographic, dietary patterns, clinical information and data on
cognitive impairment in genetically confirmed patients with SCA type 1 (n= 22, age range 22- 58yrs)
and HD (n=21, age range 25- 59yrs) were recorded using standard questionnaire and Sinhala
translation of Addenbrook’s Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) respectively in a Sri Lankan
hospital based population. The relationship between dietary patterns and the subscale scores of
ACE-R were evaluated. In HD patients (mean age of onset 40yrs 11), number of tea cups vs total
score of ACE-R; 3 cups/day vs <2cups/day (p=0.03) and number of tea cups vs orientation/attention
sub scores of ACE-R 3cups/day vs >3cups/day P= 0.01 were found. In SCA patients (mean age of
onset 37yrs 9), dairy products consumption vs scores of ACE-R; 1 time/week vs >2 times/ week
(p=0.04) and meat consumption vs Language sub scores of ACE-R; 2 time/month vs 1 time/week
(p=0.03) were found. Our results indicate a trend that consumption of tea (>3cups/day) and dairy
products (>2 times/ week) may have a positive effect on reduction of the progression of cognitive
decline in HD and SCA. This may further provide an insight towards systemic evaluation of the effect
of dietary patterns as a modifying treatment for cognitive decline in SCA and HD.
Keywords: Huntington Disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, tea, cognitive decline
OP 02-06: In-vitro assessment of anti-oxidant activity of Mathumeha Chooranam (MC) used in

Prameha
RP Mendis1, AMHS Attanayake1, W Kumbukgolla2, TK Nawaratne1, LPTB Levangamage3, P

Kahingalage1, KDPM Weerasinghe1, HWG Samanmali1
1
Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
3
Free radicals significantly aggravate diabetic induced atherosclerosis; thus, anti-oxidant activity is
important to control the complications of Diabetes (Prameha). The selected medical formula
‘Mathumeha Chooranam’ (MC) is a well-known Siddha drug used in the treatment of Prameha. The
23
main objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant activity (IC50) of aqueous and methanol
extracts of MC. The constituents of MC are dried leaves of Kurignan (Gymnemalactiferum), leaves of
Karapincha (Murrayakoenigii), pericarp of Aralu (Terminaliachebula) and fruit of Nelli
(Phyllanthusemblica) in 1:2:2:2 ratio respectively. 60mL of boiled water was added to 15g of drug
and the resultant extract was freeze-dried to obtain a light-brown powder. The same extraction
procedure was also conducted in triplicate using methanol. Each sample was analyzed in 4
concentrations (5μg/mL, 10μg/mL, 20μg/mL and 30μg/mL) for the antioxidant activity and in
triplicates. The DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl –2-picrylhydrazyl) assay was conducted to determine
antioxidant potential. The IC50 value of MC extract in water was in-between 10μg/mL - 20μg/mL and
methanol extract showed the value in-between 5μg/mL - 15μg/mL. The IC50 of Gallic acid was in-
between 2.5μg/mL - 5μg/mL. The methanol extract showed slightly higher antioxidant activity than
the water extract; however, both the extracts were marginally behind the standard antioxidant,
Gallic acid. Therefore, it can be concluded that MC shows significant antioxidant activity which
would be beneficial for the management of complications of Prameha.
Keywords: Prameha, Mathumeha chooranam, anti-oxidant activity, DPPH Assay
OP 02-07: Effects on anal pressure profile in patients treated with Ksharasuthra (a medicated
seton) for high anal fistula
AAJP Kumara1, SD Pilapitiya2, Anthony DJ3

1
Department of Shalya Shalakya, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya. Sri
Lanka
2
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya. Sri Lanka and Department of Medicine,
3
Department Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Surgical treatment of perianal fistula can be complicated with anal incontinence due to damage to
sphincters. In Ayurveda perianal fistulae is treated using Kasharasuthra, a medicated seton. Fistulae
are classified as sub-cutaeneous, trans-sphincteric, supra and extra-sphincteric based on their
relationship to the anal sphincter. High anal fistulas lie above the middle belly of the external
sphincter and ano rectal varieties lie above the levator ani muscle. Mutilation of a large area could
occur during surgery resulting in reduction of resting and squeez anal pressures and further leading
to complications such as anal incontinence. Use of Ksharasuthra is believed to cause less disturbance
to resting and squeeze anal pressures. 100 patients with supra sphincteric fistulae or with supra
levator ani abscess cavity and high trans-sphincteric fistulae were selected for the study. The main
objective of this study was to identify the effect of ksharasutra treatment on anal pressures. Pre and
post treatment anal canal manometry was performed within the study population. Pressures in the
anal canal were measured with a small water filled latex balloon one centimeter in diameter. The
device was somewhat similar to that used by Hancock et al., 1977. In the 100 patients studied, pre-
treatment resting anal pressures were 55.19 ±0.97 Hg mm and the post-treatment were
55.07±0.76.Hgmm. There is no statistically significant reduction in resting anal pressures (p>0.05).
The squeeze pressures showed a slight reduction from pretreatment value of 118.19 ±1.57Hg mm to
post treatment value of 115.17 ±1.83 Hg mm. But the difference was not statistically significant
24
(p>0.05). This study concludes that Ksharasuthra treatment in high anal fistula will reduce
complications by preserving anal pressures.
Keywords: high anal fistula, anal pressures, Ksharasuthra
OP 02-08: Management of Asthijagranthi with Agni karma W.S.R to olecRanon bursitis – A case
study
KCP Gunarathne
The disease named Granthi denotes a specific character of glandular or nodular swelling, according
to Chakrapani Teeka. Granthi can be small glandular or nodular swellings due to benign tumours
(neoplasms and cysts). Asthijagranthi is a protuberant or depressed Granthi, which develops after
Abhighata (fracture or trauma) of bones. Olecranon bursa is flat and situated in the posterior aspect
of the elbow joint. Bursitis occurs due to fluid accumulation in the bursa due to irritation or
inflammation by trauma, prolonged pressure or infection. As allopathic treatments, elbow pads,
medications, fluid aspiration or surgically removal of entire bursa, can be done. A 65 year old male
patient presented to the Hospital OPD with swelling on the posterior aspect of the right elbow joint
associated with mild pain occasionally, since 10 years. On examination a non-tender lump of 4cm in
diameter was found with normal skin colour and temperature, but hard in consistency. By fine
needle aspiration cytology confirmed as bursitis, correlated in Ayurveda with Asthijagranthi. Internal
and local Shothahara (swelling reduction) and Lekhana (emaciation) medications were started. After
three months of treatment very mild softness occurred but no reduction in size. Then Agni Karma
was started by Panchlauhashalaka (instrument) weekly. Within three months it started softening
and also reduced in size gradually, with one centimeter. The pain had reduced totally. Therefore
Agni karma (cauterization) can be recommended as the best of para surgical treatment methods
which acts as an immune modulator and causes Apunarbhavakara (without recurrence) in most of
Chedanartha (excision) cases.
Keywords: Granthi, brusitis, Agni Karma, Apunarbhavakara, Parashalya
OP 02-09: A clinical study on the effect of Bhunimbhadi Ashtadashanga on Vataja Hridroga with
special reference to ischemic heart disease
EPC Priyadarshani1, SMS Samarakoon2, SKMK Herapathdeniya2

1
Ayurveda Medical Officer, Sri Lanka
2
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality, causing millions of
deaths in each year. In Ayurveda, Vataja Hridroga which is similar to IHD has been mentioned
among the five types of Hridroga. The present study was a clinical study on the effect of
Bhunimbhadi Ashtadashanga (BA) decoction Vataja Hridroga. Thirty patients between 30-60 years
were selected from the OPD of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Hospital as per the diagnostic
criteria after obtaining their written consent and they were treated with BA for four weeks. A
25
complete history was taken before and after treatments. Symptoms of IHD were taken as evaluation
criteria and they were properly graded and evaluated. Lipid profile and ECG were the objective
parameters. Data was analysed by Wilcoxon Sign Rank and paired 't' tests using SPSS software. BA
reduced pain highly significantly (p<0.001) and dyspnoea significantly (p<0.05), whereas the
reduction of fatigue and palpitation was insignificant (p>0.05). ECG changes were unchanged and
insignificant (p>0.05). The reduction of cholesterol level was highly significant (p<0.001), while that
of LDL and CHO/LDL ratio was significant (p<0.05). Considering the above effects, it is concluded that
BA is effective in relieving the symptoms of Vataja hridroga (IHD).
Keywords:Vataja Hridroga, IHD, Bhunimbhadi Ashtadashanga decoction, lipid profile
OP 02-10: Effect of Shuddhabala Taila Matra Vasti in cases of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
SHK Deepthika, HP Wakkumbura

Department of Kaumarabrithya and Stri Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
A clinical study was carried out to find out the effectiveness of Shuddhabala Taila Matra Vasti in the
case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), at Special Sub fertility Clinic, Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital. Sixty PCOS patients were randomly selected
according to inclusion, exclusion and diagnostic criteria and randomly divided into two groups as
group A and B. Group A were treated with oral drugs and Group B treated with oral drugs and
matravasti for one month, after taking written consent. Kanchanaraguggulu and
Punarnawashtakapaanta were used as oral drugs and Shudhabalataila was used for matravasti.
Data was collected through an interview based questionnaire and findings were seen on day 14 via
Trans-Vaginal Scan reports. Data was analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-
Whitney U tests. According to the data, Acne was identified as the most common symptom (65%)
and hirsutism and baldness were identified as the least common symptoms (51.66%) related to this
study. When comparing the treatment efficacy between group A (only oral drug treatment) and
group B (oral drugs with vasti treatment), it shows that the treatment of group B was significantly
more effective for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with respect to oligomenorrhea and Dysmenorrhea,
while it did not show significant efficacy over group A with respect to improvement of endometrial
thickness and follicular maturity, in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at 5 percent level of significance.
Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, Matra Vasti
26
OP 02-11: A comparative clinical study on the effect of Suddhabala oil MatraVasti and
Mahakoranda oil MatraVasti on Jirna Pakshaghata (Chronic Cerebro-Vascular Accidents)
HM Chamara1, SMS Samarakoon2, JTR Jayakody3

1
2
Department of deshiyachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medcine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Department of DravyagunaVijnana, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri
Lanka
Pakṣāghātais a Vātic disorder and is included in eighty types of Nānāthmajavātaroga. Vasti Karma is
considered the major Śodhana procedure in Panchakarma. The present study is a comparative
clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Suddhabalā oil Matra Vasti and Mahākoranda oil
MatraVasti on Jirnapakshaghata. Sixty patients of Jīrnapakṣāghata of both sexes between the age of
40 to 70 and chronicity more than three years were selected from inpatient department of Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Hospital, Yakkala from February 2015 to September 2016. Selected
patients were grouped into two groups A and B randomly. Group A was treated by Suddhabalā Oil
Matra Vasti and Group B was treated by Mahakoranda oil Matra Vasti for 21 days. Data were
analyzed by using SPSS software. In this study, it is shown that the majority of patients were in the
age group 40 – 50 years (41.67%), male (60 %), married (70%) and having secondary education
(61.67%). Suddhabala oil Matra Vasti improved speech difficulty and difficulty in moving the distal
leg in a highly significant manner (p<0.001). Mahakoranda oil Matra Vasti improved speech
difficulty, difficulty in moving proximal arm, difficulty in moving distal arm and drooping wrist in a
highly significant manner (p<0.001). When comparing the effect, the improvement of drooping wrist
in group B was better than the improvement in group A (p<0.05). This study concludes that
Mahakoranda Oil Matra Vasti is more effective over Suddhabala Oil Matra Vasti in improving
Jirnapakshaghata, significantly.
Keywords: JīrnaPakṣāghāta, Mahakoranda oil, Matra Vasti. Nanatmajavartaroga
OP 02-12: A comparative study on the effects of Heenmaduruthalā (Ocimum sanctum Linn) and
Yoga in the management of Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus)
HRD Fonseka1, WMSSK Kulathunga2, A Pieris3, LDAM Arawwawala4

1
National Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Swasthavritta, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka,
3
Vasan Care Eye Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka,
4
Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Ocimum sanctum Linn.is found to have anti-diabetic properties. It is known as Heenmaduruthalā in

Sri Lanka. Yoga has been known as a body mind medicine for centuries. In this multidisciplinary
clinical study, the effects of Heenmaduruthalā dried leaf powder and its combination with selected
yogic practices on FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, SGPT, SGOT, Serum creatinine and Blood urea
were comparatively evaluated to introduce an inexpensive, safe therapeutic modality for the
management of diabetes in Sri Lanka. Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were selected
according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty patients were subjected to Heenmadurutalā leaf
powder 2.5g as a single daily dose and others were subjected to five selected yogic practices in
27
addition to the drug for three months. Therapeutic evaluation was done before and after. SPSS,
paired t test and independent t test were used in data analysis. Drug therapy significantly reduced
FBS from 179. 6± 5.13 to 157. 3 ± 6.68 (p<0.01) and combined therapy from 195.6± 26.53 to
160.8±52.61 (p<0.01). PPBS was significantly reduced from 266.6±60.42 to 227.4± 83.51(p<0.05)
only by combined therapy. Drug therapy significantly reduced total Cholesterol from 189.5±8.1to
172.3±6.0 (p<0.001) and combined therapy from a204.1±38.35 to 186.8±30.55(p<0.01). LDL was
significantly reduced by drug therapy from 117.43±7.27 to 103.15± 6.13(p<0.01) and combined
therapy from 131.27±31.95 to 116.62±29.49(p<0.05). LDL/HDL was significantly reduced only by
drug therapy from 2.62±0.16 to 2.38±0.17(p<0.05). But the combined therapy significantly reduced
Blood urea from 19.42±4.52 to 17.18±4.95(p<0.05). To conclude, both therapeutic modalities were
similarly effective in the management of diabetes.
Keywords: Madhumeha, T2DM, Yoga, Ocimum sanctumLinn.,Heenmaduruthalā
OP 02-13: A comparative clinical study on the efficacy of balādimāthravasti and

ātmaguptadīchūrna in oligospermia (kshēnasukra)
WARP Weerasingha, HP Wakkumbura

Department of Kaumārabrutya and StriRōga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Globally, infertility is increasing alarmingly. Among 50% of infertile couples, the issues have been
found to be in the male partner. Oligospermia is the commonest problem identified among male
infertility in clinical practice. Oligospermia known as Kshīnashukra is interpreted as reduction in the
quantity of sperm to 20 mil/ml or lower. Vastikarma is specified for the management of
Kshīnashukra in Ayurveda. Charaka in Uttaravasthi siddhi mentioned Balādi YāpanaVasti for
improvement of oligospermia. MātrāVasti was always considered as Vrishya, given the proper action
by a small quantity and as a special Vasti which can be given without special restrictions. Due to
Ātmaguptādīchūrna mentioned in BhaisajyaRatnāvalī for DhatvādīKshaya, oral use was used for
comparison. The study was designed as a randomized clinical trial of 60 patients of which 30 were
randomly selected for the oral drug as a control group. Seminal parameters were compared as well
as Kshīnashukra symptoms and sexual health parameters of selected oligospermic patients to
evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Data analysis was done by using SPSS16. Both groups
showed a statistically significant improvement in sexual desire, erection and ejaculation. In addition,
the MātrāVasti treatment is effective for Vrushana Vēdana, Lingadāha and oligospermia. This study
concluded that Vasti treatment have a significant effect (p <0.001) on oligospermia and promoting
of sexual health.
Keywords: oligospermia, male infertility, Kshīnashukra, Mātrā Vasti, sexual health
28
OP 02-14: Antimicrobial activity of commercially available wound healing oils in Sri Lanka
WGNS Samanweera1, DI Uluwaduge2, KM Chandimal3, EDC Karunarathne4, ADH Sudeh4

1
2
Department of Medical education, Faculty of Medical sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Basic Principles, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri
Lanka
4
Wound causes an increasing burden to healthcare systems as the availability of drugs capable of
stimulating the process of wound repair is still limited due to the emergence of antimicrobial
resistance bacteria. This has reduced the efficiency in current treatment regimens. Therefore, the
need of novel antibiotics for effective treatment for wound infection is necessary in order to
eliminate the threat of the infections. Hence the objective of this study was to investigate the
antimicrobial activity of commercially available wound healing oils in the market. The study was
focused to determine antimicrobial effects of six wound healing oil samples in different brands – T1,
T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 against common wound causing isolates of Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
from laboratory specimens. The antimicrobial sensitivity test, in triplicate discs of modified agar well
diffusion method was adopted and the efficacy of each brands were assessed in comparing with
positive control as Amoxicillin for bacteria and fluconazole for fungus. The mean inhibitory zone for
Staphylococcus aureus in samples T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were as 17mm, 11mm, 10mm, 15mm,
16mm respectively when inhibitory zone standard was 40mm, for Candida albicans in samples T2, T5
and T6 were as 12mm, 10mm and 13mm respectively when inhibitory zone standard is 18mm, for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in samples T1, T3, T5 and T6 were as 8mm, 9mm, 15mm, 13mm
respectively when inhibitory zone standard was 22mm and for MRSA in samples T1, T2, T4, T5 and
T6 were as 10mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm and 11mm respectively when inhibitory zone standard is
15mm. The study demonstrated that the tested wound healing oil preparations had different
efficacies while some oils were ineffective in treatment against common wound causing bacterial
species.
Keywords: wound healing, antimicrobial effect, oil preparations, market samples
OP 02-15: Evaluation of the effect of selected Kashaya from VaraYogasaraya in the management
of hyperlipidemia
KPDC Perera, KGC Dissanayaka

Department of Chikitsa, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition that denote raised serum levels of total cholesterol, low
density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides or both total cholesterol and triglyceride. According to
WHO Global Health risks report, increased abnormal cholesterol levels identified as 6th leading risk
factor among the 19th leading risk factors attributed to the deaths (CDC, 2013). Several modern
drugs are available for the management of Hyperlipidemia, but it has shown many side effects.
Many Ayurveda herbal products effectively manage the hyperlipidemia without side effects. With
29
this background, this clinical study was designed to understand the effect of selected traditional
kashaya from varaYogasaraya (Gnanavimala, 1966) in the management of hyperlipidemia. This is a
randomized clinical trial carried out at OPD and IPD of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda
Institute, Sri Lanka. 30 patients were randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Patients were treated with selected kashaya from varaYogasaraya for 2 weeks. Diagnostic
criteria were made based on serological investigation and Anthropometric measurements before the
treatments and after the follow up period. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package (paired
sample t- test) and P< 0.05 was taken as the level of significance. Selected kashaya from
varaYogasaraya showed reduction in Mid Arm Circumferences (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), Total
cholesterol (P < 0.05), LDL (P < 0.05) and elevation of levels of HDL (P > 0.05) significantly. Based on
the present study the kashaya selected from varaYogasaraya effectively managed hyperlipidemia
without any unwanted effects.
Keywords: hyperlipidemia, cholesterol, triglyceride, traditional medicine, Ayurveda
OP 02-16: Effect of non-chemically grown traditional rice based food in management of diabetes
mellitus - A multi-center case study
JSA Pathirana1, RMM Niroshana2, S Sonnadara3, SP Saman Kumara4, P Senanayake5, MP Batagoda6,

RDSS Wickramasinghe7, KS Dahanayaka8
1
Ayurveda Central Dispensary, Kurundugahahathapma, Sri Lanka
2
Ayurveda Hospital Polwatta, Sri Lanka
3
Dissanayake Ayurveda Hospital, Galle, Sri Lanka
4
Ayurveda Central Dispensary, Nawungala, Sri Lanka
5
No.112/D, Kahantota Road, Malabe, Sri Lanka
6
District General Hospital, Matara, Sri Lanka
7
District General Hospital, Gampaha, Sri Lanka
8
Food Production National Programme, Presidential Secretariat, Sri Lanka
Routine Western Management (RWM) of Diabetes includes restriction of sugar, fat (total and
saturated) and salt while promoting fiber, micronutrient and antioxidant (FMA) rich food. Sri Lankan
traditional rice varieties (STRV) are rich natural sources of FMA. Traditional rice based Hela Suwaya
Special Porridge Formulae (HSPF) produced of non- chemically grown STRV, spices and green leaves
through indigenous Hela Nila Wedakama (HNW) based food technology have synergistically high
FMA compared to STRV alone. The aim of this case study was to study the effect of HSPF on
diabetes. HSPF/STRV was prescribed as the sole or complimentary therapy in addition to allopathic
and/or HNW treatment as a multi-center case study. Some followed only RWM. Subjects (123 cases)
were followed up 4-16 months with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS). Patients with Gestational Diabetes
were also included. Only two out of 17 patients (12%) who followed RWM alone had reduced FBS.
Seventeen among 22 (77%) patients who were only on HSPF and/or STRV had improved FBS. Forty-
eight from 60 (80%) patients who followed HSPF and/or STRV while on RWM were found to have
decreased FBS. Eighteen out of 18 (100%) patients who followed combination of HNW+ RWM+HSPF
and/or STRV had improved glycaemic control. Preliminary evidence shows that complimentary or
sole therapy with HSPF and/or STRV have significant long-term impact on glycaemic control
30
compared to RWM alone. The best glycaemic control is achieved when HNW is coupled. Controlled
clinical trials are being designed for further proof.
Keywords: Sri Lankan traditional rice, fiber, micronutrients, antioxidants, Hela Nila Wedakama
OP 02-17: A qualitative study on Vāṣpa Sweda used for detoxification of Āma as one of the
rejuvenation treatments
D Premathilake
District Ayurvedic Hospital, Meerigama, Sri Lanka
This study was done with reference to the basic principle; Āma.The objective of the study was to
determine the efficacy of Vāṣpasweda for Āma pācana, Agni dīpanaand Srotas śodhana. “Āma” is
undigested food mass, a by-product of improper digestion. Accumulated undigested food combines
with Humours which become vitiated. According to the Ayurvedic concept, the root cause of all
diseases is impaired Agni, which leads to Āma. This study was done to identify the effectiveness of
Vāṣpaswēdafor dispelling Āma. Purposive sample of 100 overweight females were selected of age
group 20 - 60 years, who attended the overweight clinic, at Makuddala Ayurvedic Hospital in Kegalle
District. Before and after the treatment, all patients’ body weight, body mass Index, and blood
pressure was measured and other difficulties were also considered. After a 7 day treatment, 80% got
4-5 kg weight reduction. 20% got less than 2 kg weight reduction. 90% stated that their joint pains
and muscle stiffness were reduced after the treatment. 95% of the respondents’ appetite was
improved. 95% stated that their congestion of phlegm and URT problems were reduced and
breathing difficulties were reduced after the treatment. It was stated that fatigue was reduced in
90% of the respondents. 60% of the respondents stated that their bowel movements were
stabilized. 98% gained a healthy glowing and young appearance and skin discoloration also was
reduced after the Vāṣpa sweda. 95% of the respondents had receded flabby muscles in abdomen,
buttocks, under arms, breasts, thighs, and back side as well as double chin. Results show that the
Vāṣpa sweda can be used as for Āma pācana,Agni Dīpana and Srōtas śodhana. Further, the results
show that Vāṣpa swēda rejuvenates the body without inserting any drugs. Overall observations
conclude that Vāṣpa swēdais an effective and efficient therapy which can be done to maintain good
health without any drug intake.
Keywords: Vāṣpa swēda, Āma pācana, Agni dīpana, Srōtas śodhana, humours
OP 02-18: Survey on post-dengue effects
MRS Peiris, W Weerapana, MJ Fazmiya, VSKR Senaka

Dengue is a mosquito borne viral infection. Dengue fever (DF), Dengue Haemorrhagic fever (DHF)
and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) are three clinical types. Acute symptoms of dengue subside
within few days; thus, some patients experienced post dengue effects such as hair loss, fatigue,
myalgia, arthralgia, headache, chest pain, scaling of epidermis in palms and soles, dyspnoea,
anorexia, and weight loss etc. Due to this post dengue effects person’s usual life activities and
31
general health get disturbed. A cross-sectional survey carried out to identify post dengue effects.
Data collected form hundred respondents who got dengue infection. Participants interviewed by
using a prepared questionnaire. Participants included above 15 years of age suffered dengue
infection and confirmed it by specific laboratory investigations also, who were at a period of 12
weeks after recovery at the time of survey. Results revealed, 75% participants got dengue fever, 23%
dengue hemorrhagic fever and 2% developed dengue shock syndrome. Majority of 91% patients
showed post dengue effects whereas 9% not shown any. It identified that arthralgia, myalgia, loss of
hair, fatigue, chest pain, scaling of epidermis in palms and soles, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnoea,
headache as post dengue effects (PDE). Among group 53% of experienced hair loss, 52% of each had
arthralgia and fatigue. Thirty-three percent (33%) complained of anorexia, 23% had scaling of
epidermis on palms and soles and, 18% reported of having headache. Others 16%, 9% and 6%
suffered myalgia, chest pain and dyspnoea respectively. It concludes that majority of participants
complained post dengue effects of hair loss, fatigue, and arthralgia for period of one to two months.
Keywords: dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, post-dengue effects
OP 02-19: Clinical assessment of efficacy and safety profile of Daśāṅga Guggulu compared with
Tripalā Cūrna in management of obesity
JMGSL Jayasinghe1, RDH Kulathunga2, DUS Rathnapala3

1
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University Of Colombo, Sri Lanka and
Welagedara Ayurvedic Hospital Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Daśāṅga Guggulu and Tripalā Cūrna are the most valuable drugs in management of obesity. The aim
of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of Daśāṅga Guggulu and Tripalā Cūrna
using BMI, hepatic and renal functions. Total number of 60 obese subjects (Body Mass Index
(BMI)>25kg/m2) were randomly selected at a Kāyacikitsā clinic, Ayurveda Teaching Hospital Borella,
Sri Lanka and divided in to two groups. Daśāṅga Guggulu 1g and Tripalā Cūrna 5 g were distributed
three times a day for Group I and Group II respectively for three months. BMI, kidney function and
liver function tests were assessed before and after the treatment and paired and unpaired t tests
were applied to analyze the data. The two treatment groups were well matched, with no significant
differences in demographic or clinical characteristics. Daśāṅga Guggulu and Tripalā Cūrna showed
highly statistical significant mean reduction of BMI (p<0.001) and there was not a significant mean
difference between two groups. Furthermore both drug regimens caused significant mean
reductions from baseline of SGOT, SGPT, Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.05), with
no significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, both drugs were effective in
reduction of BMI and appeared to be safe and were well tolerated.
Keywords: Daśāṅga Guggulu, Tripalā Cūrna, obesity, safety profile
32
OP 02-20: Case study: Ayurveda management of Gaja Carma in correlation to epidermolytic
hyperkeratosis
V Seneviratne, KDPM Weerasinghe, LUP Liyanage

Ayurveda management of Gaja Carma in correlation to epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a vulnerable

and rare skin disorder described under Kuṣṭha in Ayurveda, characterized by roughness, ample
eruption, similar to elephant skin. It can be correlated with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis which is
characterized by redness and severe hyperkeratosis with small, hard wart-like scales over the entire
body. This study was aimed to observe the efficacy of Ayurveda treatment modality in the
management of Gaja Carma. It was conducted at Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research
hospital, Nawinna. This study describes a case of a 14 year old boy treated in the inpatient
department, who presented with blackish discolouration, itching, roughness of the skin in limbs,
back, chest, face and scalp areas for more than 12 years. Although he was treated previously with
allopathic treatments from the age of 5 years, it was not managed at all. He was administrated with
Ayurvedic medicine for one and half month. Treatment protocol included local and systemic
therapies, as per the cikitsā sūtra (line of treatment) in classical texts. It was based on vāta-kapha
śamana cikitsā (doṣa pacification) and multiple śodhana methods (detoxification / purifying),
internal snehana (oleation), vasti (enema detoxification) and specific local applications. After one
month period there was a marked improvement observed with reduced signs and symptoms from
the normal state. Hence, it can be concluded that the treatment protocol followed to treat the
patient was effective in the management of Gaja Carma.
Keywords: Gaja Carma, Ayurvedic management, Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
OP 02-21: The efficacy of Sri Lankan traditional medicine on patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka
N Kumarasinghe1, GLS Galgamuwa2, V Suriyakumara3, U Siriwardene3, P Jayawardana4, C

Karunarathna5, P Kulanatha4, K Jayasekara2, I Abeykoon1, W Abeyrathne3
1
Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala
Defense University, Sri Lanka
3
Institute of Ayurveda and Alternative Medicine, Panadura, Sri Lanka
4
Chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) mainly affects North Central Sri Lanka.
Histopathology shows tubular and interstitial fibrosis along with tubular atrophy. Here we present
continuous follow up serum creatinine data derived from a group of 121 CKDu patients receiving Sri
Lankan Traditional Medicine (SLTM) treatments offered at the Government Ayurveda Hospital
Kebithigollewa. Venous blood (3ml) was collected at the outset (1st week) and 11 follow up clinics
were conducted at 3 week intervals to measure the variation of serum creatinine level with
treatments. All patients received a standard SLTM regime prescribed by qualified Ayurveda doctors.
33
The group comprised of 78 males (59.4±8.7 years) and 43 females (57.9 ± 10.5 years). Gradual
decrease of mean creatinine levels was observed in both gender groups during 12 consecutive
clinics. Difference between 1st and 6th clinic (19 weeks) creatinine levels were not statistically
significant (male; p=0.097 and female; p=0.228), however a significant decline was observed
between the 1st and 12th clinic (37 weeks) in both genders (male; p=0.021 and female; p = 0.024).
This study showed a significant reduction in serum creatinine throughout the period of 37 weeks,
observed in patients receiving SLTM in Kebithigollewa. Currently clinical, epidemiological and quality
of life data are being analyzed and will be presented at a later date.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology, Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine, serum
creatinine
OP 02-22: Clinical study on the efficacy of Agnimantha churna (Premna intergrifolia Linn) in the
management of obesity
KPMP Pathirana1, SMS Samarakoon2

1
Department of Dravyagunavignana, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Desheeya Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Obesity (Staulya) is one of the common nutritional disorders in affluent societies. The incidence of
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction etc is higher among obese
individuals. Agnimantha (Premna intergrifolia Linn) is well known to have Meddohara, Lekhana,
Shothahara and Krimighana properties. The aim of the study was to identify the efficacy of
Agnimanthachurna in the management of obesity. This study had two aspects - a survey and clinical
study. In the survey, obese individuals were surveyed for their diet, lifestyle and other related
factors by specially prepared survey pro forma. Survey study was done among 30 obese patients and
15 obese patients were subjected to the clinical study who attended Gampaha Wicramarachchi
Ayurveda Hospital. Selected patients were treated for two months with Agnimanthachurna, 5g two
times a day with warm water before meals. Every patient who underwent treatment was subjected
to necessary laboratory investigations including Lipid profile and BMI. Finally, data was analyzed by
Paired t-test. In the clinical study, Agnimanthachurna has been found to reduce the serum
cholesterol level from185.79 to181.64 mg/dl (4.15%), initial triglyceride level was decreased
by16.22%, initial LDL level was decreased by 6.43%, but the values were statistically insignificant
(p>0.05). Serum HDL level was increased from 37.14 to 42.07 by -4.93%, which is also insignificant.
Initial BMI decreased from 36.80 to 36.54 Kg/m2 by 0.26%, but again the value was insignificant.
From the above study it may be concluded that Agnimanthachurna has some beneficial effect of
lipid profile and BMI.
Keywords: Staulya, Agnimantha churna,BMI, LDL, HDL
34
OP 02-23: Healing of non-union compound fracture of tibia by traditional remedies -A case report
AMHS Attanayake1, UMGD De Silva2, JAAS Jayaweera3

1
2
District Ayurveda Hospital Panvila, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka 
Shaft of the tibia fracture is common and associated non-union is often complicated. The objective
of this study was to assess the fracture healing effect of Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the non-
union of compound fractures over shaft of tibia following internal fixation failure. A twenty-eight
year old male attended Ayurveda treatment following non-union of compound fracture over shaft of
right tibia. He was followed over 18 months of allopathic treatment with an internal fixator and
another 6 months with external fixation with Plaster of Paris. Over 2 years he failed to recover (non-
union). The antero-posterior (AP) and lateral (L) X- ray showed delayed-union with no evidence of
callus formation. After attending Ayurveda treatment, the fracture was immobilized using bamboo
splints over a period of 6 months. Splints were kept on the lateral and medial side from ankle joint to
hip joint. Seethodaka, Pinda, Narayana oils and paste of Katakaladi was applied during the
treatment. Sequentially, AP and L- X-ray, as well as sensory and motor function assessment was
performed to monitor the fracture healing. At about 6 months, X-rays showed  callus formation
(80%) with increasing thickness (75%) and remolding (75%) of the bone fragments. Pain, oedema
and local tenderness decreased by 90%, while the contour of the leg became normal over the six
months period of treatment showing significant (p=0.035) improvement. Further, muscle power,
extension, flexion and rotation of the leg were also improved significantly (p=0.04). Patient started
to walk after 6 months of successful Ayurveda treatment. A follow-up large sample study will be
important to assess the efficacy of given traditional treatment protocol and management
procedures. 
Keywords: Ayurvedic treatment, fracture healing, non-union compound shaft tibia fracture
OP 02-24: Study on the effects of selected herbal formulation derived from VaraYogasāra in the
management of chronic allergic rhinitis
PHAN Piyasinghe1, WAL Chandrasiri2, KGC Dissanayake2

1
Ayurveda Central Dispensary, Nawalapitiya, Sri Lanka
2
Chronic allergic rhinitis is a very common disease with the cardinal symptoms of nasal itching,
sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion. The primary objective of this randomized clinical trial
was to determine the effect and efficacy of herbal formulation derived from ola leaves manuscript
named as VaraYogasāra, in the management of chronic allergic rhinitis. The patients were selected
from the outpatient Department of Ayurveda central dispensary, Nawalapitiya, Sri Lanka according
to the selection criteria and divided into Group A (n=30) and Group B (n=30). Patients of Group A
were treated with the decoction of selected herbal formulation consisting of Terminalia chebula,
Phyllanthus emblica, Piper longum, Pipe chaba, Zingiber officinale derived from VaraYogasāraya at a
dose of 120ml, two times per day before meals for 30 days. Patients of Group B were treated with
35
lifestyle and dietary management. Patients of Group A showed significant reduction in absolute
eosinophil count and clinical symptoms i.e. sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and anosmia
(p<0.001) after 30 days in comparison to those of Group B, which showed no significant
improvement after 30 days except for rhinorrhea. These results suggest that the selected herbal
formulation is effective in the management of chronic allergic rhinitis and provide scientific
background for further studies.
Keywords: allergic rhinitis, VaraYogasāra, Ola leaves manuscripts
OP 2-25: Advanced evaluation of locally available treatment packages for treatment of vitiligo
MA Jaleel
National Ayurvedic teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Vitiligo is a chronic hypo-melanotic skin disease of unknown etiology affecting 1- 2 % of the world
population and is cosmetically and psychologically devastating. Scientists believe that the disease is
due to an autoimmune disorder. This study aimed to assess whether it is possible to stimulate the
melanocytes to produce melanin by using locally available treatment packages. There is currently no
satisfactory treatment package to cure this condition. This study consisted of 40 patients who visited
the National Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital skin clinic OPD and the diagnosis was essentially clinical.
Patients were selected as purposive sampling for a qualitative case study. Photograph of the lesions
were taken before the treatment and every two weeks, patients were treated with strict diet sheet
and medicines. The photographs of the lesions were compared with the photograph taken before
treatment. Results show re-pigmentations were noted within two weeks and a month of the
treatment. Further, most of the selected cases showed perifollicular and diffuse type of
pigmentation. Formation of blisters was noted in 60% of patients. After the formation of blisters the
white patches turned dark. Perifollicular and diffuse type re-pigmentation was noted significantly,
which is an indicator that it is possible to stimulate the melanocytes to produce melanin.
Keywords: Vitiligo, babchi (psorolea corylifolia), re-pigmentation, melanin
OP 02-26: The anti-microbial effect of Karna dhupana Yoga against Puthikarna (Chronic
Suppurative Otitis Media)
KPP Peiris1, Sudesh ADH2, MAG Madusanka3

1
Department of Shalya Shalakya, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri
Lanka
2
3
Putikarna is a chronic disease caused by vitiated Kapha and Pitta Dosha with its characteristic
features of Puti and Puya, with other specific clinical features. With its symptomatology it can be
correlated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). It is a major cause of acquired hearing
impairment in children as well as adults, especially in developing countries. Over 90% of the burden
is borne by countries in the South – East Asia and Western Pacific Regions, Africa and several ethnic
36
minorities in the Pacific rim. CSOM produces chronic mastoiditis by contiguous spread to erosion of
the walls of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which in turn can lead to such complications as facial
nerve paralysis, lateral sinus thrombosis, labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess. Most
approaches to its treatment have been unsatisfactory or are very expensive and difficult. According
to the Ayurvedic system of medicine Puti Karna can be managed by a very effective local treatment
modality known as Karna Dhupana. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the
antibacterial activity of Karna Dhupanachurna using nutrient agar media against Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 25923). The study was carried out at the central laboratory using a specially prepared
fumigation instrument. Fumigation was done by using Karna Dhupanachurna to the nutrient agar
media for 10 minutes and 30 minutes as two trials. This was done as triplicates, and all three gave
similar results of no growth after 30 mins of incubation. Thus this study concludes that Karna
Dhupanachurna has an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and thus is
likely to be effective on Puti Karna (CSOM) that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923).
Keywords: Karna Dhupana, Puthikarna, CSOM
OP 02-27: Plectranthus zeylanicus: A potent source of antimicrobial phytochemicals from tropical

flora
M Napagoda1, S De Soyza1, Ma Qader2, S Lorenz3, B Schneider4, A Svatoš3, G Wijayaratne5, A

Nagahawatte5, L Jayasinghe6
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
2
Natural Products Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Sri Lanka
3
Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany
4
Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany
5
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
6
Natural Products Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Sri Lanka
Plectranthuszeylanicus (Family: Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb extensively utilized as an

antimicrobial remedy in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka. However, the pharmacological features
and the phytochemistry of this plant hasnot been comprehensively explored yet to rationalize the
reported ethnobotanical significance. Therefore, thepresent study was undertaken to evaluate the
antimicrobial potential of different extracts of P. zeylanicus and to characterize the bioactive
phytochemicals thereof. Organic extracts prepared from whole plants of P. zeylanicus were tested
against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus by disc
diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods.A potent antimicrobial activity was observed in
dichloromethane extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 62.5-125
µg/mL, hence subjected to the activity guided fractionation. The extract was also analyzed by gas
chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, revealing the presence of phytosterols,
sesquiterpenes, acyclic diterpenes and several other metabolites. Among the compounds isolated
from this extract, the structure of the most active compound was elucidated as 7α-acetoxy-6β-
hydroxyroyleanone by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic
resonance data. This compound was extensively studied for its antimicrobial activity using clinical
isolates including nine strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values
observed as either 31.25 or 62.5 µg/mL were significantly better than the MIC values reported in
37
literature for most of the ubiquitous phyto-constituents. Plectranthuszeylanicusis a potent source of
bioactive phytochemicals and further studies on biological activities and self-assembly properties of
the isolated secondary metabolites are in progress.
Keywords: antimicrobial, Plectranthus zeylanicus, secondary metabolites, Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
OP 02-28: Biological evaluation of Adenanthera pavonina (Madati Mara) as a source of

antioxidant and anti- inflammatory agent use in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine
APA Jayasiri1, P Paranagama2, SP Senanayake3, APG Amarasinghe1

1
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Botany, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Adenanthera pavonina (AP) is a medicinal plant belongs to family Fabaceae use as an ingredient in
different traditional drug preparations identified as Madatiya or Madati Mara by Sri Lankan
traditional medical practitioners. It is a commonly include in drug preparations use in treat abscess,
chronic ulcers, but its biological validity was not evaluated. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was
done to identify the chemical compounds present in the stem bark extracts of different solvents
hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. The study confirmed methanol, chloroform and water
extracts were positive for phytochemicals of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids and
saponins. Methanol and aqueous extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH
method with BHT as the standard and anti-inflammatory activity using Red Blood Cell Membrane
Stabilizing assay method with Asprin as the standard. Results of both activities were expressed as
IC50 values using Probit Analysis Statistical software. The results revealed antioxidant activity of
both methanol and aqueous extracts and standard were 51.14 ± 0.01, 50.49 ± 0.02 and 55.07 ± 0.03
µg/mL respectively while anti-inflammatory activity of both methanol and aqueous extracts and
standard were 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.23 and 0.12 ± 0.01 µg/mL,respectively. Results can be concluded
that AP can be use as natural source of antioxidants due to presence of above phytochemicals and
act as membrane stabilizer that capable of providing alternative source for management and
treatment of inflammatory related disorders and diseases. Therefore, the present study suggests
that AP would serve as a source for the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agent.
Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina stem, bark aqueous extract, antioxidant
38
OP 02-29: Effects of Gotukola (Centella asiatica) capsules with cow’s milk in modulation of
cognition in young adults- A randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT)
VPS Seneviratne1, SD Hapuarachchi2, PK Perera2, P de Zoysa3

1
Ayurveda Research Institute, Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka
2I
nstitue of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Centella asiatica (Gotukola) is one of the potential medhya rasayana (intellect promoting) medicine
identified in ancient system of Ayurveda. It was well documented in almost all Ayurveda textual
references. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study from ERCIIM (ERC 14/34). The main
objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Gotukola capsules with cow’s milk in
increasing selected cognitive abilities in adults (16-40). The Voucher speciman was authenticated at
the Herbarium at Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute. The standardized gotukola
powder and capsules were manufactured as per the pharmacopeial standards at a GMP certified
premises. Sixty volunteer individuals were selected randomly and sub-divided into two groups
(n=30). The research design was an open label, randomised controlled clinical trial. One group was
given gotukola capsule once a day and the other group was given gotukola capsule with cow’s milk
once a day. Both groups were followed up for three months and were observed for selective
cognitive functions. It was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) tool, (Version 7.1).
The statistical analysis was conducted by paired t-test and pooled t-test by using SPSS (Version16.00)
statistical software. After three months follow-up of two groups, the mean value of the visuo-
constructional skills, executive functions/skills, naming, memory, attention and concentration,
conceptual thinking, calculations, language/ verbal fluency, abstraction and orientation were
increased significantly in the group treated with gotukola capsules in combination with cow’s milk
(p<0.01). In comparison of two groups, mean value of gotukola with cow’s milk group was showed
significant improvement in executive functions/skills, memory, attention and concentration,
conceptual thinking, calculations, language/verbal fluency, abstraction and orientation. According to
the results, it can be reported that gotukola powder has significant effects on selected cognitive
functions by adding cow’s milk.
Keywords: Centella asiatica, cow’s milk, cognition
OP 02-30: Management of Dushtavrana with selected Shashtivida upakrama – A case study
KCP Gunarathne
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Hospital, Yakkala, Sri Lanka
The history of medical science commenced with the art and skill of wound healing and it has prime
importance in Surgery. Acharya Sushruta mentioned Vranavinishcayārtham as a great scope of
Shalya tantra. Though healing of Vrana is a natural process of the body, it should be protected from
Doshadushti and from various micro-organisms. Dushtavrana is a long standing ulcer with profuse
discharge and slough. They can be cleaned by using surgical instruments or oxidizing agents. By that,
healthy granulation tissues also can be damaged. A lady of 52 years presented to the OPD of the
hospital with a large non-healing wound on the plantar surface of the left foot since 30 years,
39
associated with moderate Daha (Burning), Shoola (Pain), Kandu (Itching) and Srava (Discharges from
wound). For Vrana management, Avagaha (dipping), Vranadhara (poring), Vranabasti (stagnant) and
Pathradharana (covering with leaves) were used as local treatments with few modifications from
Shashti vidhaupakrama of wound management in Susruthasamhitha, for six months. Various Thaila
(oils), Pathra (leaves) and Kwatha (detoctions) were used according to the lakshana (symptoms) of
wounds. The advantages of these procedures were relief of; pain, burning and itchiness, as well
as80% faster reduction of wound discharge, sizeand depththan when using only normal simple
dressings. The wound was not infected and healed with minimum complications. This case shows
that for fast healing with minimum suffering, combination of treatment models while managing
infected or chronic wounds should be used.
Keywords: Dushta Vrana, Vrana Basti, VranaDhara, Avagaha, Shashti VidhaUpakrama
OP 02-32: An observational study of efficacy of Sārasvata Cūrna in the management of Dementia

(Smṛtibraṁśa)
TDN Karunaratne1, K Sugataratana2, HAS Ariyawansa1, HA de Silva3

1
2
Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Dementia is a combination of several symptoms that are associated with the declining abilities of the
brain and its functions. There may be a decline in thinking, memory, cognition, language skills,
understanding and judgement. More than 30 million people worldwide are currently living with
dementia. A high dementia prevalence of 4% has been reported from a regional community survey
in Ragama, Sri Lanka. Among the people over 65 years, more than 70% were of the Alzheimer type.
Literature of Ayurveda has mentioned that impairment of memory as Smṛtibraṁśa and Sārasvata
Cūrnais a commonly used formulae for impairment of memory. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the efficacy of Sārasvata Cūrna in the management of Dementia. Primary data of 40
patients with memory impairment (mild to moderate) on the basis of a questionnaire and Mini
Mental State Examination-Sinhala (S-MMSE), attending the OPD in Ayurveda Teaching Hospital at
Borella were selected. A non-randomized, retrospective, one group pre-test-post-test study design
was adopted. 8 mg of Sārasvata Cūrnain divided doses was given for three months. S-MMSE,
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)
were assessed. Results of the before and after treatment were analyzed by using paired sample t
test for the observational study on scores for total of S-MMSE, ADLI, BPSD (delusion, repetitive
behavior, agitation, apathy). The findings showed that, there was a significant effectiveness of
before and after treatment of Sārasvata Cūrna. Moreover, mean change of scores indicated that,
(M= 19.65, SD=3.325), (M= 22.55, SD=4.920); t(39) -3.652, p<0.05; (M= 18.22, SD=2.496), (M= 18.32,
SD=2.235); t(39) -0.781, p<0.05; (M= 0.65, SD=0.736); (M= 0.25, SD=0.439);t(39) 3.766, p<0.05; (M=
1.10, SD=0.871) (M= 0.50, SD=0.716); t(39) 4.878, p<0.05 ; ( M= 1.35, SD=0.736) (M= 0.52,
SD=0.716); t(39) 6.983, p<0.05; (M= 0.88, SD=0.822) (M= 0.50, SD=0.679);t(39) 3.777, p<0.05
respectively. There was a significant difference in the total score of MMSE, BPSD, before and after
treatment. ADLI is stable. In conclusion, Sārasvata Cūrnacan be used in the management of
dementia.
Keywords: Sārasvata Cūrna, Smṛtibraṁśa, dementia
40
OP 02-33: A clinical study of the efficacy of an Ayurvedic treatment regimen for Duhenne Muscular
Dystrophy (Mansagatha vattha)
N Dadallage
National Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the commonest hereditary degenerative neuro-muscular

disorder. It is a progressive and resulting in death in the early twenties. It is correlated with
Mansagathavatha described in Ayurveda. Usually boys are affected by this disease. Birth is normal
but sometimes delayed walking is reported. Symptoms appear between the ages of 4 – 6 years of
age. They are frequent falls, lordosis waddling gait, and difficulty in climbing steps. Gover's sign is
positive and calf muscles are enlarged and weak. On investigation the CPK (Creatininephosphokinase
in serum) levels are elevated at least 10 times the normal level. It is important to consider
alternative approach of treatment because of no specific treatment in any medical system in the
world. Objective of the clinical study was to investigate the efficacy of an Ayurvedic treatment on
DMD patients. Sample size was 50 patients. Following Ayurvedic treatment the symptoms were
gradually reduced and muscles became strong, children developed a good gait, could climb stairs
and lordotic gait was reduced. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data and statistically whcihch
showed significant results (circumference of calf muscle (p = 0.008), CPK level (p=0.025), stiffness of
calf muscle (p=0.15). Gover’s Sign did not reveal a significant P value. Therefore, this therapy is
considered effective and is recommended for these children.
Keywords: Muscular Dystrophy, Mansagathavatha
OP 02-34: Deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short term supplement of Ipomoea aquatica,
Alternanthera sessilis and Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum americanum
AGH Ranasinghe, TJ Withanage, KRCK Lasankara, N Jayasena, LJPAP Jayasooriya, WMAP

Wanigasekera
Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Carotenoids increase the colour of egg-yolk and have health benefits. We investigated whether
dietary addition of Ipomoea aquatica (kankun), Alternanthera sessilis (mukunuwenna) and
Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetumamericanum(Hybrid Napier, CO-3) to laying hens increases
deposition of carotenoids in eggs.Shaver Brown hens (N=200, age=55 wks) were divided into four
groups (n=50 each). The control group was fed a layer diet of 115g/hen/day. The three treatment
groups (T1, T2 and T3) were fed 15g/hen/dayof fresh I. aquatica (T1), A. sessilis (T2) and P.
purpureum x P. americanum(T3) together with regular feed (115g/hen/day). Three eggs from each
group were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, carotenoids were quantified by spectro-photometry
and results were analysed using an ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons. Results showed that
carotenoids did not differ between treatments when compared with the control on day 0 (P>0.05).
Mean carotenoid content in control eggs (4.7 ± 0.2 µg/g) did not increase with time (P>0.05). Eggs
of kankun-fed hens had no difference in carotenoid levels (6.2 ± 0.4 µg/g) when compared with
control eggs (P>0.05) on days 7, 14 and 21. Eggs from mukunuwenna (8.1 ± 0.3 µg/g) and CO-3 (10.2
41
± 0.5 µg/g) fed hens had higher carotenoids when compared with control eggs on all three days
(P≤0.001). There were no continuous increases in carotenoids in any treatment from day 7-21
(P>0.05). In conclusion, carotenoids in eggs can be increased by feeding layers with A. sessilisor CO-
3. This can increase the nutritional and aesthetic value of eggs.
Keywords: eggs, carotenoids, hybrid Napier, Ipomoea aquatica, Alternanthera sessilis
42
Track 03
Recent advances and evidence based practices of traditional
medical systems on non-communicable diseases
43
Role of Ayurveda in the Management of Tuberculosis, Especially
in the Field of Multi Drug Resistant Cases
Prof. Madhaw Singh Baghel
Former Ayurveda Chair, Debrecen University, Hungary (Jaipur India)
In Ayurveda disease, pulmonary tuberculosis hasbeen well described since antiquity and the
written documentation has been available for more than 3000 years inCaraka Samhita.
Tuberculosis is described as an infectious disease and its mode of transmission along with
treatment modalities are also described in detail. In spite of noticeable progress achieved, TB
always offers newer challenges such as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively drug-
resistant TB (XDR-TB) along with debilitating side effects of anti-TB drugs. The Anti Koch’s
Treatment precipitates gastrointestinal upset, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, arthralgia, skin
rash, fever, psychiatric symptoms, sometimes even seizures. These symptoms may cause
discontinuation of therapy, resulting in drug resistance. Rasayanain Ayurveda isused as
specific rejuvenative drugs for prevention and management of various diseases. Rasayana
drugs are used to maintain ongoing metabolism, leading to desired performance of body
elements and tissue development. Rasayana Therapy has been studied for its anabolic
effect, free radicals scavenging and anti-oxidant effect, adaptogenic effect, bio-inhancer
effect and immuno-modulator effect in cases of tuberculosis in-vitro and in-vivo, with
encouraging results. Many herbs and mineralometalic preparations have been widely studied
in clinical studies conducted by Ayurvedic Institutions within various tuberculosis centres in
India. These studies have shown some significant results as adjuvants in preventing adverse
drug reactions (ADRs) and giving significant quick recovery and even in some cases, early
sputum negative results. Some of the preparations showed potential hepato-protective
properties. Piper longum is the best example, as Piperine enhances the bioavailability of
rifampicine and has been marketed as novel. Low dose Rifampicin (200 mg), a bio-enhancer
Piperine (10 mg) and standard dose Isoniazid (300 mg) was given along with Ethambutol and
Pyrazinamide with comparable efficacy with standard WHO therapy using a conventional
formulation. Further the role of mineralometallic drugs are being investigated from a Nano
technology perspective, which can be of immense use for the prevention and management
of drug resistant cases. This gives an insight that with the use of Ayurvedic Rasayana drugs
an early recovery, better compliance of DOTs and better management of MDTR and XLR
cases can be managed with the least ADRs.
Keywords: Multi-Drug resistant TB, Rejuvenative Drugs, Rasayana, Mineralometalic Drugs
44
The Value of the Traditional Medical System on Cancer
Prevention and Research: It is Time to Integrate with
Western Medical Approaches
Dr. Gomika Udugamasooriya
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical

Sciences, University of Houston
Despite extraordinary advances in our understanding of the biology of cancer as well as the
identification of molecular targets for treatment, more than 90% of all new oncology drugs
that enter clinical development do not obtain marketing approval.Many of the approved
drugs are effective only within selected patient populations, butstill with many side effects,
and also have skyrocketing prices, limiting their availability to the economically advantaged.
Unlike any other disease, the heterogeneity of cancer biomarker expressions, presence of
drug resisting cancer stem cells and unique mechanisms that tumors use to evade immune
system are some of the reasons for failures of these conventional cancer treatments.
Medicinal herbs used in traditional treatment systems are being increasingly recognized as
useful complementary treatments for cancer. Many clinical studies have been conducted on
these traditional treatment systems indicatingbetter patient survival, uplifting the immune
system,and increasing quality of life of cancer patients, in particular, when these herbal
medicines are used in combination with current medications.The presence of a large number
of active compounds that work together at low concentrations,directly or indirectly targeting
cancer cells, and also enhancing immune system, are some of the key mechanisms that
brings anti-cancer activities here. Recentstudies on the biochemical and cellular level
mechanisms of herbal medicines in specific tumor microenvironments provide molecular
level evidence of how these treatments have activity. These evidence-based applications of
herbal medicines in cancer therapy strongly indicates that it is time to integrate traditional
treatment systems with current western treatment techniques to achieve much improved
patient survival.
Keywords: Medicinal herbs, Cancer, Traditional treatment, Immune system
45
Genomic and Proteomic Effects of the Anticancer Agent
Salinomycin
Dr. Priya Weerasinghe
University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School,

Houston, TX 77030
Salinomycin, a natural product and an anticoccidial agent used in the poultry industry, has
recently been identified as an anticancer stem cell agent by high-throughput screening.The
purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to test the anti-tumoral properties of salinomycin;
and secondly, to gain insight into its mechanisms of action by correlating the temporal
genomic, proteomic and morphologic alterations of apoptosis in cells exposed to
salinomycin. Exposure to salinomycin 5 µM showed classical morphology of apoptosis in over
90% of cells at 24 hrs. A complete assessment of salinomycin-induced apoptosis
transcriptome was established using oligonucleotide microarray analysis and confirmed by q
RT-PCR. The expression patterns seen at 3 different time points revealed that salinomycin
altered the expression of 575 probes at 2 hours, 1500 probes at 12 hours, and 2500 probes
at 24 hours at a level of significance of p> 0.001. Direct comparison of the expression
patterns revealed a number of apoptosis-related functional gene groupingsuniquely altered
at 12 and 24 hours. Major canonical pathways include IL-6 signaling, p38 MAPK signaling, IL-
10 signaling and NFκβ signaling. Results suggest that salinomycin might be affecting unique
biochemical or signaling pathways in a dose and time dependent manner.The high number of
probes alteredsuggests the involvement of multiple signaling pathways during salinomycin
treatment. The increase in the number of probes altered at the 12 and 24 hour time points
suggest more widespread cellular activation, including survival and death signaling, at longer
exposures.
46
Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy:
Are They Needed? Are They Harmful?
Prof. Tony Perkins
School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith

University Gold Coast Campus. Southport, QLD Australia
.
A balanced diet and lifestyle is a pre requisite to a healthy pregnancy, providing a healthy
start to life for the next generation. However, this is often not the case, many pregnant
women are overweight or clinically obese, and this increases their risk of major
complications of pregnancy such a preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm
birth and gestational diabetes. An adequate and complete diet is important, as is the balance
between macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and protein and the vitamins and
essential trace elements needed to support metabolism. In this presentation, we look at the
growing use of micronutrient supplements during pregnancy and examine the
recommendations currently in place to guide the use of these products. We also present
evidence that broad spectrum micronutrients may have a beneficial effect in pregnancy and
lower the incidence of preeclampsia and preterm labour, especially in overweight and obese
women. Finally we focus on the essential trace element Selenium and present a strong case
for its importance in maintaining mitochondrial function during oxidative stress, which is
generated in the placentae of women experiencing these complications of pregnancy. It can
no longer be assumed that women are consuming an adequate and well balanced diet during
pregnancy and the use of micronutrient supplements may potentially have positive effects
on a healthy start to life. Globally, millions of women are currently taking these products
each year and an opportunity presents itself to systematically determine their beneficial
effect.
Keywords: Balanced diet, Lifestyle, Healthy pregnancy, Macronutrients
47
Magic of Curcumin in the Traditional System of Medicine –
Unravelling the Molecular Targets to Assess its Protective
potential in Arsenic Neurotoxicity
Dr. Vinay K. Khanna
Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk

Assessment Group, CSIR – Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31
Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow – 226 001, India.
Curcumin, an active ingredient isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (commonly
known as turmeric/Haldi) has a long history of use as a spice, food preservative and as a
household remedy for various diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The high
safety profile along with the pharmacological spectrum of curcumin,has allured both basic
and clinical researchers to assess its protective and therapeutic effects in various
pathological conditions including, chemical induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative
diseases. The focus has been to decipher the molecular pathways involved in the
neuroprotective potential of curcumin in arsenic (a metalloid with extensive industrial
applications) induced neurotoxicity. Simultaneous treatment withcurcumin (100 mg/kg body
weight, p.o) for 28 days was found to protect arsenic (20 mg/kg body weight, p.o) induced
alterations in the expression of NMDA receptors, its receptor subunits and downstream
signalling proteins by modulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β neuronal survival pathway in rat
hippocampus both in vivo and in vitro. Arsenic induced cholinergic deficits in the brain were
also found to be protected. Interestingly, learning and memory deficits in arsenic exposed
rats associated with cholinergic and NMDA receptor alterations were also protected on
simultaneous treatment with curcumin. Further, curcumin was also found to protect arsenic
induced alterations in the expression of DA-D2 receptors and signaling proteins known to
modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission in rat corpus striatum. The protective potential of
curcumin may be attributed to its antioxidant potential and metal chelating property that
significantly protected arsenic induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, apoptosis and
ultrastructural damage and provides promising evidence.
Keywords: Curcumin, Curcuma longa, Nuroprotective potential, Dopaminergic

neurotransmission
48
OP 03-01: A comparative clinical study on the effect of Virecana and Raktamokṣaṇa in the
management of sciatica (Gṛdhrasi)
KIE Karandugoda1, SMS Samarakoon2

1
2
Department of Deshiyacikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
This study is a comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Raktamokṣaṇa and Virecana on
Gṛdhrasi. Raktamokṣaṇa and Virecana are purification procedures which come under Pañcakarma.
Raktamokṣaṇa is therapeutic blood-letting and Virecana is therapeutic purgation. Both of these
procedures are recommended as treatments for Gṛdhrasi. 40 patients were selected from Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital and randomly assigned into 2 groups A and B. Group A
was treated with Sirāvedana and Group B was treated with Virecana karma. No oral drugs were
given. Both subjective and objective criteria were evaluated before and after treatment. Collected
data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The majority of patients were in the 30-39 age
group (40%) and female (52.5%) and most were housewives, drivers, farmers and laborers. The
majority of patients were reported to be over weight (52.5%) and obese (27.5%). Raktamokṣana
reduced pain, stepping time and walking time whereas it increased SLRT which are highly significant
(p<0.001). Decrease in spasms, Stabdha and tenderness was however significant (p<0.05). Virecana
reduced spasms and tenderness whereas it increased muscle power and Straight Leg Raising Test
(SLRT), which are highly significant (p<0.001). Virecana reduced pain, Walking Time (WT) and
Stepping Time (ST) whereas it increased femoral stretch test (FST) significantly (p<0.05). Considering
the overall effect of Raktamokṣaṇa and Virecana, it is seen that both the treatments are equally
effective. Finally, based on the results, it is concluded that Raktamokṣaṇa and Virecana are equally
effective on improving subjective as well as objective parametres of Gṛdhrasi (sciatica).
Keywords: Raktamokṣaṇa, Virecana, Gṛdhrasi, sciatica, Nānātmaja vāta vyādhi
OP 03-02: Effect of Neelyadi oil on local application of partial fistulectomy followed by Kshara
Sutra therapy – A case series
PGTP Kumara1, MWSJ Kumari2

1
District Ayurvedic Hospital, Galle, Sri Lanka
2
A fistula is an abnormal connection that forms between two tissues, organs, or vessels that
normally do not connect. Fistula-in-ano is a chronic abnormal communication between
the epithelialized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin. Partial fistulectomy is a
recommended procedure of surgery commonly used in perianal fistulas. The aim of this study was to
reveal the effectiveness of Neelyadi oil local application in recovery of partial fistulectomy followed
by Kshara Sutra Therapy. The oil was prepared at the hospital pharmacy. The effect was evaluated
for five patients who attended to the Ano-Rectal Clinic, as a case series. On admission patients
complained of pus discharge from the perianal region for several years or months and pain and
swelling close to the perianal region. It was diagnosed as Perianal fistula. Surgery was planned as
incision and drainage and partial fistulectomy followed by Kshara Suthra Therapy from the 3rd day.
49
Hot sit baths were administered before dressing. Neelyadi oil was used for local application after the
surgery. Required amounts of oil were applied to the affected area twice daily. It was observed that
the wound was completely healed within ten weeks. The main complaints such as pus discharge and
pain were 100% reduced. Pharmacodynamics of Neelyadi oil may act to accelerate wound healing
and quick relief was observed in these case studies. Further clinical studies should be conducted to
prove the effectiveness of Neelyadi oil in a controlled environment, for its scientific validation.
Keywords: fistula-in-ano, fistulectomy, peri-anal fistula, Kshara Suthra, Neelyadi oil
OP 03-03: A study on the efficacy of Sinhāsyādī decoction on Amlapitta with special reference to
gastro intestinal reflex disease
KAAL Samarasinghe1, SMS Samarakoon2 , SKMK Herapathdeniya2

1
Ayurvedic Hospital, Aniyakanda, Sri Lanka
2
Amlapitta which is correlated with gastro intestinal reflex disease (GERD) is a very common disease
in general practice. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Sinhāsyādī decoction (SD)
on Amlapitta. SD was given to 40 diagnosed patients of Amlapitta in the dose of 100ml twice a day
before meals with 10ml bee honey for three weeks. Symptoms were assessed before and after
treatment by a grading pattern. Data were collected using a specially prepared research proforma.
Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using student’s t-test and Wilcoxon Sing Rank test.
Most patients were females (70%) and in the 36-40 age group. A burning sensation in the chest and
abdomen was the most common symptom (95%). Among the majority of the patients, Amlapitta
had gradual onset (95%). Spicy, fatty and heavy meals were the most common aggravating factors,
whereas dairy food is the commonest relieving factors. The majority of Amlapitta patients have
Vāta-pitta type of prakṛti (57.5%). SD reduced belching, burning sensation, indigestion, fatigue,
abdominal pain and flatulence in highly significant manner (p<0.001). It is concluded that SD is
effective on Amlapitta. A further scientific study using more appropriate evaluating criteria is
needed to validate the finding of this clinical research and to demonstrate the mode of actions of
the decoction.
Keywords: Sinhāsyādī Decoction, Amlapitta, GERD, Prakṛti
OP 03-04: Effect of Māṣabalādī Nasya on Cervical Spondylosis
BI Priyadarshani1, SMS Samarakoon2

1
Central Dispensary, Rajarata University, Sri Lanka
2
Grīvā Sandhigata Vāta is similar to cervical spondylosis based on the nature of the disease and the
clinical presentation, which starts in middle age and is associated with ageing. In this study, sixty
patients of cervical spondylosis were selected from Ayurveda Central Dispensary at Rajarata
University and Provincial Ayurveda Hospital, Anuradhapura. The objective of this study was to
evaluate efficacy and effectiveness of Māṣabalādī decoction Nasya for Grīvā Sandhigata Vāta.
50
Selected patients were treated with Māṣabalādī decoction Nasya for a period of 7 days after taking
their written informed consent. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. The majority
of patients were in the 31-40 age group and male. Aggravating factors of the disease were excessive
work by hand, travelling for long periods, insomnia, writing for long periods of time and computer
working. MāṣabalādīNasya reduced neck pain, neck stiffness, headache, numbness in hands and
movement difficulties in a statistically highly significant manner (p<0.001). In addition to the
pharmacodynamic properties of Mashabaladi Decoction, its Nasya by virtue has a specific effect on
the diseases which are above the clavicular region. The drug administrated through the nose as
Nasya reaches to the brain and eliminates the morbid doshas responsible for producing the disease.
This study concludes that Mashabaladi Nasya is effective on Grīvā Sandhigata Vāta (cervical
spondylosis).
Keywords: Māṣabalādī decoction, Grīvā Sandhigata Vāta, Nasya, cervical spondylosis
51
52
Track 04
Non-pharmacological interventions -Yoga and meditation for
health promotion and medical astrology
53
Neural Mechanisms of Meditation-Related Symptom
Reduction
Dr. Sara Lazar
Associate Researcher in Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/

Assistant Professor in Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard
University USA
In this talk, I will present information regarding the influence ofmeditation practice on brain
structure and function, with an emphasis onhow these changes are related to decreases in
stress, depression,anxiety and pain.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Yoga and their

Applications
Dr. Manjunath Nandi Krishnamurthy
Director, Research, S-Vyasa University, Bengaluru, India
Yoga is an ancient Indian tradition and a way of life whose history can be traced back to
over 5000 years. Scientific exploration had focused initially on the exceptional feats great
Yoga masters had claimed to achieve such as the ability to bring cardiac activity, respiration
and metobolic activity to a standstill. Systematic approach in documenting the physiological
effects of different Yoga practices, their applications in health and disease has started
hardly three decades back. Present day literature indicates that Yoga can promote positive
health, can be used as an adjuvant in disease management and medical rehabilitation. While
the researchers are interested to see the regions of the brain active during meditation and
other practices of Yoga, the trends suggest the opposite i.e., the process of global inhibition
than excitation. This presentation would be an attempt to summarize the
Neurophysiological correlates of Yoga including studies on meditation.
Keywords: Yoga, Positive health, Medical rehabilitation
54
TCM Pediatric Massage: A non-pharmacological intervention
Option for Children with Respiratory or Digestive Disorders
Dr. Darong Wu
2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,

Guangzhou, China.
There are thousands of categories of massage worldwide because nearly behind each kind
of culture exists a kind of traditional massage, among which some are used in children. In
the United States, the overall use of CAM in pediatric patients (67.5% of the patients were 5
years of age or younger) seeking primary care was 12%. Among these therapies, massage
was 19%. Thirty-eight (86%) pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs offered one or more
complementary and alternative medical therapies for their patients, among which massage
was 35%. The application scope of massage for children ranging from helping infant growth
or weight gain for preterm newborns, to children with asthma, chronic pain, cancer, or
eating disorder. Oil, such as coconut oil, was most frequently used as the pediatric massage
medium.
TCM pediatric massage has more than a 2000 year-history. It has been adopted as one of
the treatment options for children with commonly accounted diseases, e.g. respiratory,
digestive or neurological disorders, and has shown its safety in a long history. The operation
procedure of TCM pediatric massage is based on the acupoint selection criteria, with some
specific acupoints, mostly located on the upper arm, which can only be effective for
children under 12 years old. Although some researches implied the effectiveness of TCM
pediatric massage for children with infant diarrhea, neonatal jaundice, asthma, etc. More
high quality evidences for the efficacy or effectiveness as well as to continually observe the
safety issues of TCM pediatric massage are still warranted.
55
The Comparative Effect of Common AYUSH Yoga Protocol
in Naïve and Trainer Volunteers of Yoga
Prof. Akshay Anand
Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate

Institute of MedicalEducation and Research, Chandigarh, India.
This study was undertaken to probe whether common AYUSH Yoga protocol can help in
balancing the lipid homeostasis in trainer and naive Yoga practitioners. The present study
was conducted in Chandigarh on the eve of 2nd International Yoga Day 2016 where AYUSH
Yoga protocol was practised. The physiological and biochemical parameters (e.g. glucose
and lipid profile), were estimated and further compared with trainer participants. Results
revealed that after one month of Yoga practice, a statistically significant alteration in levels
of serum TG, LDL, TC, and the corresponding ratio was observed together with a
concomitant increase in HDL. Moreover, comparison between naïve and trainer
physiological, iochemical results showed significant changes in both parameters. In
conclusion the hypocholesterolaemic action of Yoga practice could be considered useful in
the management of lipid profile which is considered as major risk factor for various
disorders. Yoga practice can enable a homeostatic condition by regulating various
regulatory processes with time, age and comorbidity. This data may be useful for
installation of Yogaas an important component of Integrative Medicine in Hospitals of the
developing world, especially India.
Keywords: Common Yoga Protocol, Naïve volunteers, Body Mass Index
56
OP 04-01: Standardization of Yoga practices – An overview
KPD Fernando1, AA Bhatt2

1
The Ashram Center for Ayurveda Negombo, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Swasthavritta, Gulabkunverba Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Advanced Centre for Yoga Education
and Research and Maharishi Patanjali Institute, Yoga and Naturopathy Education and Research, Gujarat
Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India
Yoga has been practiced and taught for many generations before it was documented. Classically
Yoga is a philosophy which contains eight steps towards personal realization and liberation. Today
practicing Yoga Asana and Pranayama has become a craze or a trend. As the demand increases
people tend to practice/teach Yoga without proper knowledge or understanding of the principles,
which in turn leads to harm and disastrous after effects, both physical and psychological. Thus the
need of the hour is to standardize Asana and Pranayama. The objective of this study is to
standardize Yoga Asana and Pranayama practices as per personal parameters and method, duration
and contraindications - to avoid unforeseen health hazards. Classical text books of Yoga and
Ayurveda were referred to along with modern physiology and anatomy to establish scientific
validation and standardization of postures and breathing techniques. Personal parameters for
standardizing Asana are identified as age, sex, Prakriti, duration of maintenance. General parameters
are diet, place, season, method. For Pranayama, lung capacity, lung volume, diet and Prakriti are
identified as important parameters. Yoga is a potent method of health maintenance and disease
curing, if practiced in the proper method while also knowing the limitations and benefits. An
integrated approach of modern investigations for physical capacity measurement and classical
textual facts for spiritual benefit assessment is needed. This could be a valid subject for fruitful
multi- discipline research.
Keywords: Yogasana, Pranayama, standardization
OP 04-02: Holistic approach for Prakriti-based medicine: A statistical inference system for
analyzing manas prakriti
DSK Mendis1, HUW Ratnayake2, AS Karunananda3, U Samaratunga4

1
Department of Information Technology, Advanced Technological Institute, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Open University of Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
4
Gampaha Wickramarchi Ayurvedic Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
In the 21st century, personalized medicine is all about DNA. Whereas the single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) and epigenetic factors influence drug response and form the basis of
personalized medicine, the Tridosha theory forms the basis of Prakriti-based medicine. Prakriti-
based medicine and other traditional medicine systems have the potential to offer remedies to
challenging health issues, such as adverse drug reactions, drug withdrawals, and economic
disparities, to name a few. The Ayurvedic concept of Manas Prakrti can be altered through
actions/procedures that alter the original or imbibe new qualities in an entity. However, depending
on the major contributing factors, the Manas Prakriti is classified as Satva, Rajas and Tamas. These
are further classified into various subtypes. However it is difficult to accurately assess one’s Manas
57
Prakriti because of its combinational types. In this paper we present a statistical inference system in
a sub field of the Ayurveda domain of Manas Prakriti to analyze Manas type in combination. Initial
stage common sense knowledge in Manas Prakriti is converted into a questionnaire. Removing
dependencies among the questions have been modeled using principal component analysis.
Classification of the knowledge has been processed through fuzzy logic module, which is constructed
on the basis of principal components. Manas type in combination (Satva Rajas, Satva Tamas, Rajas
Tamas) can be identified in percentages using the algorithm of defuzzification by principal
component analysis. The system was tested with a sample of 88 laymen. The questionnaire has been
constructed with 65 questions and the principal component analyzer detected 23 principal
components in the filtering processes. This shows significant contributions of evaluating Manas
Prakriti in combinational types and Manas type in percentage value by achieving a system accuracy
of 92%.
Keywords: Prakriti-based medicine, Manas Prakriti, Fuzzy logic, principal component analysis,
statistical inference system
OP 04-03: Quality of life among mothers of children with normal development and mothers of
children with Falij-e-Dimagh (cerebral palsy)
FRA Raheem1, A Abeypala2, FMH Haq3

1
Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute, Sri Lanka
2
Aquinas University College, Sri Lanka
3
Cerebral palsy (Falij e Dimagh) is a non-progressive neurological disorder of childhood and the
prevalence is 2 cases per 1000 live births. Among the large variety of childhood developmental
disabilities, cerebral palsy (CP) is considered to be a major physical disability affecting the functional
development of children. Presence of a child with Cerebral Palsy in a family generates profound
emotional stress and feelings of unhappiness. The present study was designed to assess and
compare the quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with cerebral palsy and mothers of
children with normal development in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains.
Two sample groups were chosen from a total of 60 mothers who responded to the questionnaire
WHO-QoL. The first group included 30 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who attended the
Outpatient Department of Borella Ayurveda Teaching Hospital. The second group consisted of 30
mothers of children with normal development living in Colombo. T-tests by SPSS were used for
statistical analysis. There were significant differences in the three domains of QoL between mothers
of healthy children and mothers of children with cerebral palsy (p<0.005). The results of this study
revealed that, the quality of life of mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy was significantly different
in physical, psychological and environmental domains compared to mothers of healthy children.
Therefore, appropriate rehabilitation programs for children with Cerebral Palsy and proper
psychological support for mothers should be provided to improve their quality of life in different
domains.
Keywords: Quality of life, cerebral palsy, Falij e Dimagh
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OP 04-04: An evaluation of the need of post conflict psycho-social rehabilitation for combat
military personnel of the Sri Lanka Army
EDK Seneviratne1, MWSJ Kumari2, N Wijewardhana1

1
Department of Sociology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
War has affected every continent in the world. The concept of rehabilitation as a need in society
arose greatly after the World Wars. The post-conflict era highlights many issues pertaining to
combat military personnel, regarding psychological and physical disorders. The objective of this
research was to investigate the need for post-conflict rehabilitation of Army Combat Troops in Sri
Lanka. The Data was collected by a survey and focus group discussion. A self-administered
questionnaire was used and 110 participants were randomly selected for the survey study. Six key
informants were selected for the focus group discussions. The result revealed that the majority were
male serving officers (83%), age group 30-34 (47%), married (94%), belonging to the middle class and
having higher education qualifications. 65% of military personnel showed higher preference towards
combat duties and reported stressful conditions in the post conflict period. Financial distress was
highlighted as the main socioeconomic problem. 75% of respondents had not participated in any
rehabilitative programmes and reported that existing programmes were unsatisfactory. The
necessity of social interaction opportunities was requested by 89%. The study has proven
psychosocial rehabilitation is essential for combat military personnel. Encouraging free thinking to
abolish the military mindset was amongst the recommendations made along with a holistic
approach, inclusive of meditation and Yoga. An efficient vocational training system with fitting job
opportunities to utilize the experience of combat military personnel as means of advocating
reconciliation were recommended for the retired, disabled and wounded.
Keywords: army, combat, rehabilitation, post conflict, psychosocial
59
60
Track 06
Challenges in establishing evidence based practices in traditional
and complementary medicine
61
The Development of Standard Indicators and Meta Data to
Monitor Traditional Medicine System Performance
Dr. Solveig Wiesener
National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine

(NAFKAM), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health
Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Policymakers and managers lack tools to develop policies and monitor the performance of
their Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) systems. WHO has prepared a
guide with Core and Reference Indicators in order to improve the T&CM monitoring
systems. The aim of the study is to analyze if the developed “WHO Core and Reference
Indicators for monitoring Traditional and Complementary Medicine in South-East Asia” is
suitable for policymakers and managers when considering how to monitor performance of
their T&CM systems. The document “WHO Core and Reference Indicators for monitoring
Traditional and Complementary Medicine in South-East Asia”was reviewed. Analyses are
based on experiences from the EU FP7 CAMbrella project on regulation of CAM in 39
European countries. The “WHOCore and Reference Indicators for monitoring T&CM in
South-East Asia”can be suited for policymakers globally, if clarification of definitions and
indicators areundertakenbefore use.Policies for regulation, education, treatment standards
or funding of T&CM differs widely, and experiences from one country will hardly be useful
for policymakers in another country.This situation may challenge the credibility of data
collected by using the indicators. The indicators for monitoring T&CM can be an effective
tool for policymakers and managers. It is important that clarifications are developed for
each indicator before use. Comparison between countries should beperformed with caution
due to different definitions and regulation systems.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine, indicators, policy kaking
62
Introduction to Evidence based Korean Medicine
Dr. Myeong Soo Lee
Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
This study aimed to investigate the current status of evidenced based researches on Korean
Medicine. This presentation will show the bibliometric analysis and methodological quality of
clinical trials of Korean Medicine in Korean literatures, Korean Trial Registry and reporting
quality of acupuncture trials. We will also present current status of development of EBM
clinical practice guidelines on Korea Medicine, and impact of Korean clinical trials on
Cochrane Systematic Reviews. We will discuss about the limitation and future direction of
traditional medicine including Korean Medicine.
Keywords: Korean Medicine, bibliometric analysis, Korean Trial Registry, acupuncture trials
63
Challenges Faced in Clinical Research Involving Integrated
Approaches
Dr. S. D. Pilapitiya
Director-Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute University of Kelaniya;

Senior Lecturer- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences,
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Traditional medicine (TM) and complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) practices
could be looked upon as useful options for integrating with conventional medical practice,
in order to improve some of the preventive and curative health care outcomes in today’s
context. The perceived benefits of such integrated approaches are many but needs
validation through evidence. Conducting clinical research in order to generate such
evidence on integrated approaches involving TM and CAM face a multitude of challenges.
These challenges have contributed to a dearth of such research. Some adapt distorted
methodologies to overcome the challenges, which intern contributed to mask the true
impact of such integrative approaches. Lack of understanding and failure to appreciate the
importance of fundamental principles of TM and CAM by the researchers in conventional
medicine is a major challenge. This could contribute to errors in selecting the study
population, designing the TM and CAM intervention, and evaluating outcomes. There are
also unique issues in relation to getting ethical approval for such studies. Challenges also
include regulatory barriers, professional misunderstandings and conflicts among sectors on
sharing resources. The ownership of such integrated approaches can be a challenging
dilemma at times discouraging fruitful co-operation among sectors to plan such research.
The unavailability of treatment facilities at which multiple systems can be practiced also
pose a challenge for conducting clinical research on integrated approaches, particularly
when they are hospital based.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, integrated

approaches, clinical research
64
You Are What You Eat: Ceylon natural products and lifestyle
factors for healthy brain aging leading to Nutrigenomics
Prof. Ranil De Silva
Principal Investigator, Genetic Diagnostic & Research Laboratory and

Human Brain Tissue and DNA Repository,
Faculty of Medical Sciences,
It is important to determine environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors: gene–diet–disease

interaction leading to healthy brain aging and longevity. The author focusedtrans
disciplinary approach in the effect of Ceylon natural products and life style factors for
healthy brain aging that would shed a light on tailor-made nutrition and personalized
medicine. The attempt was to look in to the possible protective role of Sri Lankan diet,
natural products,life style factors on healthy brain ageing, were studied utilizing:1)the
established “Human Brain Tissue (n=76) of aging brains and DNA/Gene Bankof patients and
controls with stroke, neurodegenerative disease, (n=2500): one of the largest bio-banks in
the South Asian region. 2) neuroprotective effect of extract of Ceylon green tea using in
vitro hypoxic model with human brain epithelial cells inducing hypoxia. Author will discuss
neuroprotective role of natural products: Ceylon green and black tea, coffee, vegetables,
life style factors: vegetarian diet in healthy brain aging, and how genotype data are linked to
the risk of developing a disease and utilized for of early identification of risk factors and
timely intervention.Furthermore, genetic data should be related to the optimal diet for a
certain genotype to reduce the disease risk.Therefore, the scientific junction between
bioethics, nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition in terms of preventing or treating a
disease where unique Ceylon natural products and dietary patternlay a stepping stone in
developing neuroprotective nutraceuticals.
Keywords: healthy brain aging, nutraceuticals
65
OP 06-01: A study to identify the efficacy of bloodletting for varicose veins
MVSE Dharmapala1, MIJ Jayakodi2

1
Sabaragamuva university of sriLanka
2
Ayurvedha health promotion Service Anuradhapura
Vericose vein (Shiragranthi) is a disease which become enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins and
most commonly affected are in legs and feet. Patients may seek treatment because of the severe
pain and unpleasant appearance. Various types of treatment are mentioned in Ayurveda, traditional
and allopathic medicine.Several method of limb bandaging, exercises, injection and surgery are
reported to reduce the condition with varying success rates. A study was carried out to identify the
efficacy of bloodletting (Shira vedhana) for varicose vein. Thirty patients were randomly selected
from the OPD of Kiriibbanaara ayurvedic hospital, Sarasavi suva piyasa in sabaragamuva university,
and Mobile clinic held on Manupa AG division of Anuradhapura. All patients were treated with shira
vedhana. The study was continued for 6 months. The results of the treatments were categorized as
fully cured reduced, moderately reduce and no change.Removed blood were 5-15ml per day and
continued treatment once a week.Out of 30, 25 patients who were treated with siravedhana were
fully cured (83.33%) while rest of 5 showed reduced (16.66%) condition. None of them were any
change. In addition, 75% patients pain reduced within one week and completely reduced within 3
months. Hypertension and Joint pain also reduced within two weeks. Heaviness, stiffness, itching
and numbness reduced within 1- 3 week. According to the above study, it shows that there is a
remarkable recovery in patients subjected to shiravedhana. Thus it can be suggested that the shira
vedhana can be an effective adjunct in manage of complicated varicose vein.
Keywords : Shiragranthi, Shiravedhana, varicose vein,bloodletting
OP 06-02: A Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of traditional treatment modality in the
management of cervical spondylosis
MPN Pramodani1, NWGND Gamlath1, WJ Wickramarachchi1, AHMY Perera2

1
Department of Cikitsa, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Ayurveda, Sri Lanka
Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine that affects the
vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks of the neck as well as the contents of the spinal canal.
There is an increasing incidence of this problem in modern society with more desk- workers. There
are medicinal and surgical treatment approaches to treat this condition however they are often
associated with many adverse effects. There is a need to find out the best management of Cervical
Spondylosis,as it affects the physical as well as mental and social life of patients. The present study
was conducted on 30 patients with cervical spondylosis selected from OPD/IPD of Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, satisfying the inclusion criteria. They were treated with Nikādī
Thaila Abhyaṅga, Nikādī Patra pottalī sweda followed by application of Siyambalādī Pattu,
mentioned in Traditional medicine, daily for one month. The results were assessed on the basis of
symptomatic improvement using visual analog scale for pain in the neck, headache,
numbness/tingling sensation in arm, pain with neck movement, weakness of arm and dizziness.
66
Improvement was observed inpain in the neck, headache, numbness/tingling sensation in arm, pain
with neck movement with p- values less than 0.05. This study concluded that the selected treatment
modality is effective in managing cervical spondylosis.
Keywords: cervical spondylosis, Manyā Stambha, Nikādī Thaila Abhyaṅga
OP 06-03: Clinical study on management of Kati graha with special reference to lumbar
spondylosis with Eranda muladi yapana vasti
KPD Fernando, M Kaur, AB Thaker

Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda., Gujarat Ayurved
University, Jamnagar, India
Approximately 70-80% of the world population has suffered from backache at some point of their
life, and lumbar spondylosis (LS) is responsible for about 10% of these. LS is the degenerative osteo-
arthrosis of the lumbar spine where Vata at its own Ashaya (Asthi Sandhi Gata) gets provoked. If not
treated it may progress to cauda equine syndrome through spinal canal stenosis or spondylolisthesis.
As it belongs to Madhyama Roga Marga, treatment becomes difficult. Eranda Mula is the best drug
for pacifying Vata. Yapana Vasti with milk and other nourishing ingredients gives better results than
simple Niruha. At the Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurvedain Jamnagar, 20
patients suffering from LS ranging from age 25-65 years were selected irrespective of sex, creed or
caste and administered Eranda Muladi Yapana Vasti for 15 days along with recommended classical
procedure and diet. Efficacy of the therapy was assessed by reduction in symptoms, VAS, KL score,
Oswestry disability index and changes in x-ray. T-test was used for statistical analysis. Statistically
highly significant improvement was seen in the main symptoms and in x-ray changes after the course
of Vasti. It is recommended that thestudy be repeated in a larger sample and MRI to be used as a
better objective assessment tool.
Keywords: Kati Graha, Eranda muladi Yapana Vasti
OP 06-04: A preliminary study of the effect of Shigruchoorna (Moringa oleiferra) on anaemia of

chronic kidney disease patients
LSMA Gunawardana, S Weerasekara, WMVS Wijekoon, KGP Wijesekara, S Tharmala

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a major health problem all over the world, including in Sri
Lanka. Anemia can also be considered as one significant complicationto arise due to CKD. Anemia in
CKD patients can be due to less erythropoietin hormone or nutritional deficiencies. Leaves of
Moringa oleifera has been mentioned in the management of anemia in literature. 60 diagnosed CKD
patients with Serum Hb less than 11.5 g/dl were selected from Ayurvedic CKD clinic Medawachchiya.
The sample was divided into 2 groups: trial and control group. The drug Shigruchoornaya was
prescribed to the trial group with the normal treatment regime, while the control group were
prescribed the normal treatment regime only. The patient’s serum Hb count was done before
starting and after 1 month. The results showed that the P value of the trial group was < 0.05.
67
Therefore, the drug Shrigruchoorna is an effective herbal preparation for increasing Serum Hb levels
in Anemia of CKD.
Keywords: shigruchoorna, moringa oleiferra, anaemia, CKD
OP 06-05: The study on efficacy of Agni Karma in the management of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome in
comparison with Narayana Oil
GMUN Gajasinghe, AAJ Pushpakumara

Lanka
Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common idiopathic neurological condition caused by compression
of the Median nerve at the wrist. Symptoms of CTS include nocturnal pain, numbness and tingling of
the hand. CTS is not exactly mentioned in Ayurveda texts. But it can be correlated with the disease of
Visvachi which is categorized under Vata Vyadhi.Agni karma is recommended for the disorders in
the skin and muscles caused by Vata Dosha. Western Medical Practitioners use wrist splints,
corticosteroid injections, ultrasound waves, NSAIDs as pain relievers and open release surgery,
which have their own limitations, adverse effects and recurrence. An effort has been made in this
study to assess the efficacy of Agni karma in the management of CTS in comparison with Narayana
Oil. This study has been conducted on 50 patients, between the ages of 30-70 years with confirmed
clinical diagnosis of CTS were randomly divided as Group A and Group B. Group A patients were
treated by Agni karma with Bindu type by using Panchalauha Shalaka at the site of maximum pain or
numbness. Agni karma was done for six weeks with frequency of one cauterization session per week
to each patient. Group B patients were treated by the application of Narayana oil for six consecutive
weeks. The patients were followed for three months. The outcomes of each group were assessed by
clinical features with their respective baseline values. Data was evaluated by using SPSS statistical
package. In comparison to the group B, group A has shown highly significant results on relieving the
signs and symptoms of CTS (p value<0.05). Therefore Agni karma treatment can be used as an
effective treatment for CTS.
Keywords: Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, Agni karma, Narayana oil
OP 06-06: Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Mustādīlepa in the management of Yuvana
Piḍakā (Acne vulgaris)
MPN Pramodani1, NWGND Gamlath1, WJ Wickramarachchi1, AHMY Perera2

1
2
Department of Ayurveda, Sri Lanka
Yuvana Piḍakā, as described in Ayurveda, causes erosions on the face resembling the thorns of a
Salmali tree, especially in youths. Signs and symptoms of Acne vulgaris are comedone, macule,
papule, nodule, pustule, scars and cysts. Yuvana Piḍakā can be correlated with Acne vulgaris. This
clinical study evaluates the efficacy of Mustādīlepa mentioned in Traditional Medicine. Thirty
patients with Acne vulgaris were selected from the OPD of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda
68
Hospital, satisfying the inclusion criteria. They were treated withMustādīlepa for thirty minutes daily
for one month. Responses to the treatment were evaluated by using a specially prepared grading
scale for eruptions, macules, pustules, pain, tenderness, scars and greasiness of the face as well as
fairness in facial complexion by using the von Luschan scale. A significant symptomatic relief in
eruptions, pain, tenderness, scars and greasiness of the face was observed with p-values less than
0.05. An increased fairness in facial complexion was also observed after treatment. Signs and
symptoms of skin irritation or allergic reaction for the tested drug were not observed during the
treatment. It is concluded that Mustādīlepa is effective in the management of Yuvana Piḍakā.
Keywords: Yuvana Piḍakā, Acne vulgaris,Mustādīlepa
69
70
Track 07
Strategies for healthy lifestyles through the traditional medical
system
71
Strategies for healthy lifestyles through TM & CM – need for
stronger public health research approaches and methodologies
Dr. Unnikrishnan Payyapallimana
Visiting Senior Research Fellow, International Institute for Global Health,

Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, University of United
Nations, Tokyo, Japan
Traditional, alternative or complementary medicine has much to offer in improving health

and wellbeing in the contemporary healthcare scenario, be it through prevention and
management of lifestyle diseases, or in improving quality of life. This is evident in the
increasing pluralistic health seeking behavior of the population both in developing countries
as well as in industrially more developed countries. This role of TM in the public health
scenario is also progressively being recognized in policy processes and perspectives.
However, TM related healthy lifestyles and their impacts have been mostly studied from an
individual, personal health measures and clinical studies. In most societies, TM based
practices of health, nutrition, lifestyle have been integrated in the communities
through intergenerational cultural learning. There are limited studies on the
contribution of TM on health and wellbeing in such societies from the angle of
community health or wellbeing indicators. The existing studies which showcase inter-sectoral
linkages to health and wellbeing such as the “Good Health at Low Cost (GHLC)” have only
passing references to TM in those societies.Showcasing case studies from regions where
Ayurveda and other TM knowledge systems and practices have been well integrated
into the socio-cultural context, and reflecting on their impact on the overall health of the
community, the presentation would argue that focused health system based research
approaches with community health indicators are required to analyze good practices to
appropriately and innovatively integrate TM in health systems.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Intergenerational Cultural Learning, Inter-sectoral linkages
72
Translational Research and Innovative Science through
Ayurgenomics: Insights fromthe TRISUTRA Consortium
Dr. Mitali Mukerji
CSIR Ayurgenomics, Unit- Trisutra & Genomics and Molecular Medicine,

CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road,
New Delhi, India.
Common and complex diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across all
world populations. The life time prevalence of these diseases and increase in average life
expectancy further lead to secondary complications due to natural progression of the disease as
well as drug side effects. Coupled to this there is an immense inter-individual variability in
susceptibility to diseases as well as response to environment and medications.Innovative and
affordable health care solutions, primarily for prevention of diseases are needed for reducing the
economic burden of diseases. In the contemporary times, the advancements in genomics has
propelled the field of precision medicine which aims to personalize therapies that are tailored to an
individual’s genetic make up as well as their biological state. Despite major advancements in
genomics, one of the primary challenges that still remains is lack of methods for adequate for risk
stratification of individuals for early actionable interventions and individualized management of
health and diseases. Efforts are focused on tracking and capturing health trajectories of millions of
individuals over a period of time and evolve stratified solutions based on Big data analysis of multi-
dimensional measurements. Precision medicine has been documented and is in practice in
Ayurveda for over 5000 years. The basic tenets rely on a systems’ understanding of an individual’s
constitution type called Prakriti that is important for not only predicting susceptibility and
responsiveness to environment but also for management of disease in an individualized manner.
Prakriti of an individual is determined by the relative proportions of three physiological entities
Tridoshas namely Vata (kinetic), Pitta (metabolic) and Kapha (structural) which governs and
maintains homeostasis in the system. Disease is a perturbation from an individual’s homoestatic
thresholds of Tridoshas and interventions are specifically targeted to restore the baseline states.
Individuals of any population can be stratified into seven broad Prakriti types based on proportions
of Tridosha wherein the extreme Vata, Pitta and Kapha are most contrasting types. Prakriti of an
individual is invariant throughout life and is assessed through examination of a large number of
multi-systemic attributes viz. anatomical features, physiological and psychological attributes. We
hypothesized that integration ofphenotypic stratification of individuals using Prakriti principles and
methods with genomicsmight help identify homogeneous groups of individuals and associated
molecular markersthat would be informative for predicting different health trajectories.The first
step was to probe the ontological links to evolve a molecular language between these contrasting
disciplines. Using an innovative Ayurgenomics approach we have discovered molecular correlates
of Prakriti that led toidentification ofgenetic markers that are not only predictive forsusceptibility
to diseases but also for differential responsiveness to drug and environment. In a unique CSIR led
TRISUTRA Ayurgenomics consortium initiative we have carried out extensive multi-omic studies on
Prakriti stratified subjects of diverse ethnic and/or geo- climatic regions that represent the genetic
spectrum of India. We anticipate that the leads from these studies would enable development of
individualized therapeutic interventions envisaged in precision medicine.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Prakriti, Tridosha, Homoestatic threshold, Ayurgenomics
73
The Effect of Environment, Lifestyle Modification and Ayurveda
to Enrich the Mental Health for a Healthy Geriatric Life
Prof. H.A.S. Ariyawansa
Former Professor, Department of Nidana Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous

Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya
The quest of longevity is eternal. Everyone wishes to live long, happily. The Ayurveda
classics have comprehensively discussed the concept of a healthy life,diseases and the role
of well balance of Tridosha,Agni and dhatu in the human body and their integrity. Further
their subtle and gross relations and interactions with the environment and the
Universehas also been discussed. Technological advances and excessive urbanization,
intake of unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle etc have today increased non-communicable
diseases like Diabetes Mellitus, Joint diseases, Hypertension, Cardiac diseases etc
overwhelmingly prevalent. Busy lives in congested metropolitans where large populations
flock has also become a causative factor for the group of Lifestyle related psychosomatic
diseases.These health issues need a very comprehensive management including a holistic
approach. The Ayurveda holistic approach towards a healthy life is well elaborated under
Sadvritta, Swasthavritta, Achararasayana and Ayurveda geriatrics almost 3000 years ago.
Environmental enrichment, lifestyle modification, physical exercises etc are considered to
be very effective measures to reduce the burden of diseases globally. The immune system
is the most complex biological system in the human body and is responsible in detecting
pathogens by using specific receptors to produce a response by activating immune
component cells like cytokines, chemokines etc. They modulate and potentiate the
immune system of the body. Environmental enrichment, lifestyle modification and
Ayurveda Rasayanakarma have a positive effect on immune modulatory activity which
supports the human body to combat diseases.
Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, environmental enrichment, Immuno-modulation,

Swasthavritta, Sadvritta, Achara-rasayana
74
Indian Ayurvedic Herb ‘Ashwagandha’ as a Potential Dietary
Supplement to Fight Against Aging and Age-related Pathologies
Prof. Renu Wadhwa
DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB),

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Tsukuba- 305 8565, Japan
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, family: Solanaceae) is a popular herb used intraditional

Indian home remedies. Although trusted for a variety of health caring and curing potentials,
laboratory evidence and molecular mechanisms of its actionsare only beginning to be
resolved. We haveinitiated exploration on bioactivities in the leaves of Ashwagandha and
found that both alcoholic (i-Extract) and water extracts (WEX) of Ashwagandha leaves
possess considerable anticancer activities. Bioactives for anticancer activity were identified
as withanolides, withanone (Wi-N) and withaferin-A (Wi-A) in the i-Extract, and triethylene
glycolin the WEX. Using multiple experimental and bioinformatics approaches, we
demonstrated that the two kinds of extracts possess different bioactive constituents and
work through independent pathways. Most recently, we reported thatWi-Ais cytotoxic not
only to the telomerase plus, but also to telomerase negative (ALT) cancer cells, suggesting its
potency and value as a powerful anticancer drug. Based on our studies, we have formulated
a combination of Wi-N and Wi-A which exhibited potent anti-metastasis activity. In view of
these findings, we initiated to develop technologies to obtain Active Ingredients Enriched
(AIE) Ashwagandha by manipulating itsenvironmental conditions. We demonstrate, for the
first time, (i) field raised i-Ashwagandha leaves with high proportion of active withanolides as
compared to the roots, (ii) hydroponically raised i-Ashwagandha and characterization of its
bioactives, and (iii) method of extraction withenriched bioactive components that may serve
as cheap, and economic anticancer drugespecially when modern medicine is either not
available or limited by severe side effects.
Keywords: Ashwagandha, Bioactive, Anticancer activity.
75
Homoeopathic Adjuvant Therapy in Oral Cancer
Dr. Shaji Kumar
Research Officer Central Council for Research in Homeopathic Sciences,

Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India
Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi had a dialogue with the
Technical Administration division of Delhi State Cancer Institute (DSCI), Government of NCT
of Delhi to have collaboration in the field of Cancer treatment. A pilot study was agreed upon
to initiate to observe the efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in treating ‘Mucositis’ after Chemo
and Radiotherapy. Accordingly the study was initiated by treating the referred patients from
the Chemo and Radiotherapy Outpatient Departments (OPD) as well as the patients
admitted in the Inpatient Section (IPD). About 100 OPD cases were registered and treated
for Mucositis with the indicated Homoeopathic Medicines during the time the patients were
receiving Chemo/ Radiotherary. Patients reported marked relief of pain, swelling, Dysphagia,
salivation, improved sleep and appetite. One case of B-cell lymphoma of neck treated in
the IPD of Delhi State Cancer Institute suffered absolute Dysphagia even after rigorous
allopathic treatment. Homoeopathy was called in for treating the case. The detailsof that
case is presented here under the following heads.
76
OP 07-01: Panchakalpa vati - towards a healthier Life with special reference to the Siddha
tradition
P Rohini, NJQ Tharshanodayan

District Ayurvedic Hospital, Mannar, Sri Lanka
In every country traditional medicines find foundation in religious beliefs and experience. The WHO
is engaged to establish definitive guidelines for methodology of clinical research and the appraisal of
effectiveness of traditional medicine. Siddha Treatment aims to provide the ultimate cure to both
mind and body systems. Siddhas developed a discipline called Kaya Kalpa, which leads to longevity
and fountain of youth with complete freedom from illness. The objectives of the study are to list out
the ingredients of the Panchakalpavati and to explore the efficacy of the drug in ensuring longevity
and freedom from illness through review of inscription and siddha literature as well as through
scientific studies. Free radicals cause many diseases. They attack membranes causing oxidation of
lipids, loss of different enzyme activities and may cause cancer. Antioxidants completely stop or
delay the process of oxidation. Plants are an important source of antioxidants. Panchakalpa,
medicated head bath found in Inscriptions (ARE 248/1923) of Vira Rajendra Chola, dated back to the
5th regnal year (1067 A.D), was found by epigraphist K.V SubramanyaIyer and mentioned in
Pathaarttaguna Sinthamani. Ingredients are seed of Piper nigrum, rhizomes of Curcuma aromatica,
fruits of Terminalia chebula, pulp of Emblica offinalis and Azadiracta aindica and milk of black cow
(Karaampasu) used for both preventive and curative treatments. The drug consists of above
ingredient which is rich in natural antioxidants may have effect on retarding age related
degenerative changes.
Keywords: Panchakalpa, antioxidants, inscriptions, free radicals
OP 07-02: Prediction of Glycemic Index of coconut jaggery and table sugar through in-vitro analysis
HPDT Hewa Pathirana1, LLWC Yalegama1, HAE Samaranayake1, D M P D Dissanayake2

1
Coconut Processing Research Division, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
2
Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
A diet with a high Glycemic Index (GI) causes elevated blood glucose levels and is associated with
chronic diseases. Prediction of GI through in-vitro digestion is a promising alternative for clinical GI
measurement. Jaggery is a sweetener made from coconut sap and it is used in traditional medicine
to purify blood. It aids digestion and improves lung health. Therefore, this study was conducted to
evaluate the nutritional status of coconut jaggery compared to table sugar by in-vitro analysis. The
study determined the proximate composition and sugar profile of table sugar and coconut jaggery.
Rapidly Available Glucose (RAG), Total Glucose (TG), Hydrolysis Index (HI) and GI of table sugar and
coconut jaggery were predicted through modified Englyst’s method. A carbohydrate containing 0.5g
sample was put into polypropylene tubes with small glass balls and subjected to enzymatic digestion
at 37° C in a shaking water bath. Glucose was used as the reference food. Coconut jaggery showed a
significantly higher percentage of fiber (0.16 %), ash (2.7 %) and sucrose (96.3 %) compared to table
sugar. The highest percentage of RAG (96.63 %) was observed in the reference food of glucose and
lowest (32.38 %) was observed in coconut jaggery. Glucose showed the highest TG percentage
77
(54.05%) whereas the lowest was in coconut jiggery, contributing to 32.38%. Lower HI of 32 % was
observed in coconut jaggery in which 57.31 % of predicted glycemic index (PGI) could be observed
indicating that it is lower than the PGI of table sugar (73.79%). With these results, coconut jaggery
can be recommended as healthier than table sugar.
Keywords: coconut jaggery, glycemic index, in-vitro, table sugar
OP 07-03: Effect of reduced fat and increased protein content in milk powder on Glyceamic
responses in local dairy cows
S Manokaran1, MA Jayasinghe1, KKDS Ranaweera1, I Wijesekara1, I Wickramasinghe1, SPAS

Senadheera2
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka
2
Milk is considered a low glycemic food. Glycemic index (GI) is a measure of the effect of
carbohydrates on blood glucose responses. The GI value of typical milk powder is 35±1 (David et al.
1981). This study was designed to determine the Glycemic responses in a protein enriched (36.4%),
low fat (4.5%) milk powder formulation made using milk collected from local farmers. Milk was
collected from local farmers and spray dried, after reduction of fat and addition of extra whey
protein. Healthy volunteers (n=10) consisting of five males and five females between 20-25 years
with body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 - 23.5 kgm-2 were selected. Blood glucose concentration was
measured by finger pricked capillary blood samples at fasting, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minute intervals
after ingestion of the standard (Glucose) and formulated milk powder containing 50g of digestible
carbohydrates. GI value was determined as an average of all 10 subjects. Results showed a reduction
(p<0.05) in GI with the formulated milk powder was observed. Average Glycemic index was
determined to be 12±5. The average peak reduction of blood glucose response curves was 24.1%.
The study concludes that the impact of proteins in milk to reduce blood glucose responses exceeds
that of fat. Replacement of fat by dairy proteins can be used to formulate very low GI milk powder.
Keywords: high-protein, low-fat, Glycemic Index, milk
OP 07-04: Preventive ophthalmology- an Ayurvedic perspective
N Bavalatti
All India Institute of Ayurveda Gautampuri, Saritavihar, New Delhi, India
Preventative ophthalmology is an extremely important concept which needs to be given adequate

importance to avoid early eye conditions from progressing into Disease. It has been rightly told that
'Sarvēndriyānāmnayanampradhānam' means that amongst all sense organs, the eyes are
considered to be the prime. About 90% of learning will be gained by visual senses. Acharya explains
the preservation of eye health (Nethraraksha). Steps include the Dinahary (lifestyle during day),
Rathricharya (lifestyle during early evening and night), diets and routines and even care during the
seasonal changes. Mind and Body medicine is related to the fact that our general health depends on
78
all the individual parts working together effectively. Eyesight is also dependent upon our total
wellbeing including our genetic structure, diet, the work environment and the level of exposure to
airborne toxins, etc. A balanced diet, regular eye exercises along with following specific procedures
explained in Ayurvedic ophthalmology like Anjana (Collerium), Padabhyanga (massage to feet),
Pratimarshanasya (nasal administration of medicine) etc. and intake Chakshushyaraasayana
(specific affinity for rejuvenation of ophthalmic tissue) as a routine will help to prevent the
manifestation of eye disorders and will preserve normal vision.
Keywords: healthy eyes, Chakshushyaraasayan, Kriyakalpa
79
80
Track 08
Quality assurance and standardization of products of traditional
medicine
81
Topical Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Product
Development from Thai Traditional Medicines “Manosroi III”
Database and Nanotechnology
Prof. Aranya Manosroi
Manose Health and Beauty Research Center

Chiang Mai, Thailand / Division of Cosmetic Technology, Faculty of
Engineering and Technology, North-Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand
Thailand has the advantages of biodiversity and traditional medicines from folklore wisdoms
to be developed as efficient and safe topical pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. The
targeted recipes and plants can be searched from the Thai Medicinal Plants and Recipes
“Manosroi III” database using keywords. Bioactive compounds existing in natural products
are chemical unstable, have skin irritation and low skin permeation. Applications of
nanotechnology such as nanovesicles can solve these problems. Niosomes are nanovesicles
which are bilayer vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants which can entrap both water
and oil soluble substances. Several recipes and plants from the “Manosroi III” database have
been developed as high commercial potential products using nanotechnology.
Cosmeceuticals containing Terminalia chebula gall extracts encapsulated in nanovesicles
showed anti-aging activity with high DPPH radical scavenging, and MMP-2 inhibition on
human skin fibroblasts. The topical pharmaceutical spray containing extracts of mixed Thai
traditional herbal ball herbs encapsulated in niosomes indicated high anti-inflammation
activity of ear edema inhibition in rats with no skin irritation in human volunteers. This
presentation has demonstrated not only the benefits of the “Manosroi III” database, but also
the applications of nanotechnology for Thai folklore wisdoms to develop as effective and safe
products.
Keywords : Topical Pharmaceuticals, Cosmeceuticals, Terminalia chebula gall, Herbal Balls,

nanotechnology
82
NCDs can be Controlled with Traditional Medical treatment
Modalities with Least Side Effects
Dr. M. H. M. Nazeem
Senior Lecturer in Unani Medicine, Institute of indigenous Medicine,

University of Colombo, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major threat to the health sector. NCDs are
also known as chronic diseases owing to their prolonged duration and generally slow
progression. NCDs mostly occur as a result of four particular behaviors of the human
being namely; tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and harmful consumption
of alcohol. But can also occur due to genetic abnormalities, heredity and environmental
factors. NCDs are the major cause for premature deaths especially in low and middle
income countries. This may be due to lack of knowledge regarding the prognosis of the
diseases and lack of facilities available to manage the NCD patients for prolonged
periods. Although the allopathic medical fraternity has the facility to diagnose these
conditions there are no promising treatment methods available to eradicate NCDs.
Further the medicines prescribed to control NCDs produce serious side effects targeting
the functions of the vital organs of the body. This unfortunate situation puts the NCD
patients in misery. The traditional medical systems, which are nature friendly, patient
friendly and also cost effective, have answers to address the preventive and curative
aspects of the NCDs with least or no side effects. These medical systems are utilizing
natural resources in dealing with the NCDs and other health related problems. I presume
that we all have failed to educate the public in an organized manner regarding the
modifiable risk factors of NCDs which is cost effective and a drug free method. The
famous architect of Unani medicine, Hippocrates, who is also considered as father of
medicine by the west says “let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. This
version exhibits the fact that therapeutic intervention should not be the first line
management in any disease and also matches with the present days’ nutraceutical
concept. Therefore it is high time to scrutinize and then introduce traditional medical
treatment modalities to fight against the NCDs. It is my ardent hope that there should be
an inter-disciplinary approach to handle the NCDs by treating the acute phase of the
NCDs with synthetic/ modern drugs and then to switch on to traditional treatment
modalities as follow up therapy in order to prevent the side effects of the synthetic
drugs and thereby to save the patients with NCDs from catastrophic drug induced
diseases. I strongly feel that this symposium would definitely trigger all of us to work
towards this worthy task to fight against NCDs. I congratulate all of you and hope this
symposium would concentrate in finding answers to NCDs.
Keywords: NCD, Traditional Medical Treatment, least side effects
83
Research and Development of Lead Compounds for Modern
and Traditional Medicines/Food Supplements from the
“MANOSROI III” Recipe Database
Prof. Jiradej Manosroi
Manose Health and Beauty Research Center Chiang Mai, Thailand, Division
of Cosmetic Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, North-
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
A large number of recipes from all regions of Thailand including Lanna has been collected,
selected, translated from the Lanna (the dead language) to the modern understandable
Thai and recorded in the Thai medicinal plant recipe “MANOSROI III” database. This
database contains 90,000 recipes for several diseases. Recipe no. N040 showed the highest
anti-proliferative activity on HeLa cell line of 31.09 folds of cisplatin. It also indicated anti-
tumor activity in HeLa xeno graft nude mice with the maximum inhibition percentage of
57.23 % and high safety insub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Brazilin, a lead compound
isolated from N040 showed high anti-cancer activity. Clinical trial of N040 capsules in
cervical cancer patients exhibited an improved quality of life. Recipe no. EDR2-N03
demonstrated the highest PDE inhibition activity and the improved reproductive behaviors
of the sexual dysfunction-induced male mice in comparing to sildenafil, a standard PDE
inhibitor. Recipe no. MP-4 indicated the highest estrogenic activity of 1.03 folds of β-
estradiol. The application of traditional medicines from “Manosroi III” database will not
only be a short cutting strategy, but also an efficient tool for the development of novel
modern drugs.
Keywords: Lead Compounds, Traditional Medicines, Anti-cancer, Improved Sexual

Dysfunction, MANOSROI III Recipe Database.
84
Screening of Important Phyto-Chemical Compounds:
Comparative Study of Prepared Black Aloe and a Marketable
sample of Black Aloe
Dr. V. Sathiyaseelan
Head- Unit of Siddha Section, University of Jaffana, Sri Lanka
Secondary metabolites are the classes of compounds which are known to show curative
activity in several ailments in humans and therefore could explain the use of medicinal
plants for the treatment of several ailments. Black Aloe is a favourable remedy in rheumatic
affections, constipation, menstrual disorders such as amenorrhoea, atonic dyspepsia,
Jaundice and skin disorders. This aloe is one of the main ingredients in external applications
such as poultice. It is a stomachic, tonic, purgative and an emmenogogue. The Black Aloe of
Aloe vera selected for this study belongs to the family of Liliceae. Before the study the plant
was collected from the Delft Island and authenticated by the taxonomist. The Black Aloe
was prepared by a Pharmaceutical process in the pharmacy of the Unit of Siddha Medicine.
This prepared sample and the market sample was sent to the Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, University of Jaffna for the Phytochemical Screening.Based on the results obtained
the analysis showed that tannins present with saponinsAnthracenosids and Anthocyanosids
are present in the prepared sample while tannins present with only Anthracenosides were
in the market sample.This phytochemical analysis showed some compounds are not
present in the market sample. This shows that the prepared sample has more compounds
which act as a potent drug than the market sample.
Keywords: Phyto-Chemical, Prepared sample, Market sample, Black Aloe
85
Medicinal Plant Research & Industry: Opportunities and
Challenges
Prof. Aruna Weerasooriya
Professor and Research Scientist, Texas A&M University System, USA
Over the past two decades, the use of herbal and medicinal plant products, often as
“dietary supplements”, has become mainstream in the western countries, at least partially
due to the skyrocketing healthcare cost. In the US alone, the market for herbal products
reached $6 billion last year. Most of the herbal raw materials for western industries are
obtained through the suppliers in Asian countries such as India and China. Although Sri
Lanka has higher diversity of medicinal plants whose effectiveness has been proven across
many generations, the export market not well established for the products due to the lack
of comprehensive scientific evaluations. There is a huge potential to cultivate medicinal
plants to supply raw material for these industries and also to develop various value added
products for the export market. However, the lack of comprehensive research on quality,
safety and efficacy of medicinal plants and their products has prevented such lucrative
ventures. Even the quality and safety of products available in local markets are
questionable.Therefore, the current global trend in medicinal plant research and the
importance of establishing botanical, chemical and genomic standards of medicinal plants
in Sri Lanka will be discussed as a basic requirement for the development of quality
marketable herbal products.
Keywords: Medicinal Plant Products, “Dietary Supplements”.
86
OP 08-01: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of three different preparation
techniques of Madhyama Rasnadi decoction
RLDS Ranasinghe1, RHSK De Silva1, LDAM Arawwawala2, HGSG Wijesiriwardhana1

1
2
Research and Development Complex, Industrial Technological Institute, Sri Lanka
Madhyama Rasnadi is a herbal decoction, indicated for Ama and Vata Janya diseases. The
ingredients of the decoction are; Alpiniacalcarata (Rasna), Ricinuscommunis (Eranda), Asparagus
racemosus (Shatavari), Barleriaprionitis (Sahachara), Tragiainvolcrata (Dushparsha), Adhatodavasica
(Vasa), Tinosporacordifolia (Amruta), Cedrusdeodara (Devadaru), Aconitum heterophyllum (Ativisha),
Terminalia chebula (Abhaya), Cyperusrotundus (Ghana), Kaempferiagalanga (Shathi) and
Zingiberofficinale (Shunthi). The literature provides 3 different preparation methods of this
decoction viz; Traditional method (method 1) and methods described in Sharangadhara Samhita
(method 2) and Bhaishajya Ratnavali (method 3). The current investigation analyzed the
phytochemical profiles of the aforementioned 3 preparation techniques. This was carried out by (a)
screening of phytochemicals and (b) quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids. Gallic acid and
quercetin were taken as standards to express the results of polyphenolic and flavonoid contents
respectively. Results revealed that phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins,
alkaloids and terpenoids were present in all 3 types of decoctions. Total polyphenolic contents of
decoctions prepared according to method 1, 2 and 3 were 121.68 ± 0.60, 178.40 ± 0.56, 86.20 ± 0.25
mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract respectively. In addition, total flavonoid contents of decoctions
prepared according to method 1, 2 and 3 were 69.45± 0.80, 129.30± 0.65, 52.64± 0.50 mg quercetin
acid equivalents/g extract respectively. All these phytochemicals are reported to possess various
pharmacological actions and anti-oxidant properties.In conclusion, more phytochemicals are
concentrated in the decoction made with method 2. It can be suggested that the method described
in Sharangadhara Samhita is the most effective method of preparation.
Keywords: Madhyama Rasnadi decoction, phytochemicals, anti-oxidant properties
OP 08-02: Preparation of ‘lepa’ which is effective for Sandhigata Vāta
MPWL Samarawickrama1, LDC Sandun1, HBK Ajith Kumara2

1
Sārārtha Ayurvedic Medical Center, Sri Lanka
2
Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute, Nawinna, Sri Lanka
Sandhigata vāta with similar relations to Osteoarthritis is a painful joint disorder associated mostly
around knee joints with cracking and swelling. Patients experience difficulty in walking, climbing
upstairs, and sitting in a squatting position. The main objective of this research was to assess the
efficacy of Lepa (paste) locally in the management of Sandhigata vāta and to study the clinical
improvement. The first step was studying the traditional books to identify a proper medicine. The
selected pastes include; Azadirachta indica, Boerhavia difffusa, Vigna unguiculata, Tamarindus
indica leaf extraction and Terminalia chebula powder. The drug was prepared in ‘Lepa’ formation
and packed on 25g Aluminium foil packets. 32 patients were selected who were suffering from
Sandhigata vata in Knee joints at OPD of Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute and
87
the drug was given to apply locally around the knees. They were observed weekly for a month and
recorded their progress according to the questionnaire designed for this research and analysed via
SPSS software. Symptoms called Shoola, Shotha, Sandhi Graha, Sandhi Sputana, Sparsha
Asahyathwa Vedana and Akunchana Prasarana Janya Vedana have reduced respectively in 28.13%,
100%, 43.33%, 21.88%, 56.25% and 62.50%. The significance values for change in all of the six
symptoms were less than 0.05% (95% confidence interval). Therefore it was confirmed that the
average loss of each symptom is not due to chance variation, and can be attributed to the
treatment. Hence Lepa is very effective for Sandhigata vāta, it is called Sandhivāta lepa.
Keywords: Sandhigata vāta, Sandhivāta lepa
OP 08-03: A comparative study of the chemical constitution of raw cannabis and purified cannabis
LHS Umayangani1, S Kaluthotage1, BADH Kularathne1, W.Senewirathna1, A.Gunapala Gampaha1, W

Deshapriya1, KCS Jayaweera2, SN Priyangika3, NRT Nalawaththa3, KS Priyadarshini3
1
2
Wickramaarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Institute of Indigenous Medicine , University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Cannabis is common used in indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka. It is used for medicinal purposes in
treatment of nausea, vomiting and to stimulate hunger during chemotherapy treatment. Though it is
categorized as a dangerous drug, it is successfully applied in a considerable number of diseases in
western and eastern medical methods. It is a common drug in treating gastro intestinal problems
which arise as side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer patients. Ayurveda describes
the purification process for poisonous plants, but there is no meteorological data for post-process
changes. Cannabis is incorporated in Ayurvedic drugs after the process of purification (Shodhana)
and detoxification (Marana). The objective of the study was to differentiate between the chemical
constitution of raw cannabis and purified cannabis. The raw cannabis was Sample 1. Shodhana
Cannabis (Purification process) was done by three different methods, such as soaked in hot water
and fried with ghee (Sample 2), thriphaladolopaka and fried with ghee (Sample 3), in cow milk
dolapaka and fried with ghee (Sample 4). The four samples were developed in High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The three processes of purification and detoxification facilitated
increased Tetrahydrocannabinoic acid, Cannabidiol and significantly decreased harmful Cannabinol
and Tetrahydrocannabinol. The study shows purification methods which play an important role in
increasing anti-psychoactive agents, neuro-protective compounds and removing non- beneficial
chemical compounds of cannabis.
Keywords: cannabis, purification, detoxification, HPLC, beneficial compounds
88
OP 08-04: Development and in-vitro evaluation of a Garcinia zeylanica aqueous cream as a
potential antiseptic
UK Anuradha1, MAL Senevirathna1, MMK Peiris2, HGSP Hewageegana3, LDAM Arawwawala4, A

Siriwardhene1, PRL Dabare1, BP Kudavidanage5, TDCP Gunasekara2
1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Microbiology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Nidana Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Industrial Technology Institute, Sri Lanka
5
General Hospital, Kegalle, Sri Lanka
Garcinia zeylanica (GZ) is an endemic plant in Sri Lanka with reported antimicrobial activity. The
dried pericarp has many uses of which it is a component used as a wound wash in Ayurvedic
practice. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of an aqueous cream
prepared from aqueous herbal extract of Garcinia zeylanica. Dried pericarps of Garcinia zeylanica
were used to prepare an aqueous extract according to standard ayurvedic practice. Aqueous creams
containing 1x and 2x concentrations of GZ extracts were formulated in emulsifying ointment BP with
and without preservatives according to the British Pharmacopoeia 2013. Colour, odour, phase
separation, pH, emulsion type and antimicrobial activity was recorded for up to 6 months. The
antibacterial activity of aqueous cream were determined by well diffusion method against
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC
25853), clinical isolates Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii. The formulation was
identified as a oil in water type emulsion by Crystal violet staining. Formulated aqueous cream had
good physical properties, stability, antimicrobial activity during the time period 0, 1, 2, 3 & 6 months.
Zones of inhibition were observed against Staphylococcus aureus(12mm,17mm), Escherichia coli
(11mm,13mm), Klebsiella pneumonia(10mm,12mm), Acinetobacter baumannii (10mm,12mm) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa(12mm,16mm) after 6 months at 250 C for 1x and 2x concentrated
formulations respectively. Garcinia zeylanica aqueous cream had good stability and antimicrobial
activity. The 2x concentrated aqueous cream had better antimicrobial activity of the two
formulations. This novel formulation is a potential candidate for development of a commercial
herbal antiseptic.
Keywords: Garcinia zeylanica, aqueous cream, phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity
89
90
Track 09
Pharmacological studies of traditional medical ingredients
91
Production and Marketing of Wild Vegetables, Medicinal Plants
and Ginseng in Korea
Prof. K. W. Park
Div. of Biotech. Coll. of Biosci. Isemyen, Wanjugun, Chenbuk, Korea
The total area of Korea is 100,000 sq km and consists of 64% forest, 20% arable land and
17% other. Since ancient times, Koreans have collected many wild herbs not only for culinary
purposes but also for medicine. In Korea about 480 wild plants are edible, but only 34 plants
were cultivated for food and 53 for medicine in 2016. Cultivated area for wild vegetables
totaled 12,140ha in 2016: Pteridium aquilium (3,687ha), Codonopsis lanceolata (2,540ha),
Platycodon glandiflorum (1255ha), and Aster scaber (751ha). These 4 cultivated crops
accounted for 70% of the total wild vegetable production area. Cultivated area for western
herbs (rosemary, lavender et al) was only 14 ha. Total value of imported wild vegetables was
about 45 million dollars in 2016. Dried Pteridium aquilium, fresh root
of Platycodonglandiflorum and fresh roots of Codonopsis lanceolata were mainly imported
items. Cultivated area for medicinal plants was 12,140 ha in 2016. Main crops
were Shizandra chinenesis (2,660 ha), Codonopsis laceolata (2,454 ha), Rubusco reannus
(1,229ha) and Zinziber officinale (1046ha). Korea imported about 97million dollars of
medicinal herbs, mainly 76% from China. Cultivated area for Ginseng was 14,679ha and
produced 20,386 t in 2016. Different type of Korean ginseng wereexported to Japan, China,
Hong Kong, USA, Vietnam and Taiwan. Total amount of ginseng exports was 5,828t and 133
million dollars.
Keywords: Pteridium aquilium, Codonopsis lanceolata, Platycodon glandiflorum
92
Identification of Adulteration in Herbal Raw Materials
Dr. T.D.C.M.K. Wijayasiriwardena
Principal Research Scientist, Industrial Technology Institute, Malabe,

Sri Lanka
Adulteration is a practice of substituting an original crude drug with similar looking

substances having inferior chemical and therapeutic properties. Reasons for adulteration
are; high demand,high price, less supply, similar appearance similar to original drug, use of
same name for different species, mal practice and carelessness. General methods to
detect adulteration are by morphological, organoleptic, microscopical, physico-chemical,
histochemical and by chemical methods as per standard Pharmacognostical protocoals.
Basic knowledge on Botany will be useful in identification of crude drugs. As an example,
Dicot. Stem has a pith but not a root,which is helpful in identification of certain drugs, like
“Belimul” since it is a root drug, it should not have pith at the centre area of the root.
Kokumpotu shows orange colour in its outer bark, Harankaha can be easily differentiated
from wal-inguru by the presence of a purple line on the mid-rib of the leaf. Bee honey can
be identified by its peculiar taste & smell and presence of pollen grains, good quality
Amukkara ala can be guessed by a short fracture which indictes less fibre content, good
quality Caster oil is thick and is felt by touch, exhausted cloves will not sink in water but
genuine one sinks due to higher specific gravity compared to water. Microscopically,
Binkohoma and heen-binkohomba can be differentiated by the absence of Calcium
carbonate cystolith in the leaf of binkohomba. Fixed oils such as caster, sesame, cow’s
ghee, coconut oil are being adulterated in the market and those can be identified with
validated Pharmacognostical methods and this is one of the ways to minimize such
adulteration in the herbal drug industry if implemented by herbal industries.
Keywords: adulteration, morphological charactrristic, organoleptic, microscopical,

pharmacognostical protocols
93
Safety Studies on Mineral and Herbomineral Drugs Used in
Ayurveda – A Point of View
Dr. B. Ravishankar
SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied

Sciences, Udupi, India
Mineral and metal based formulations form an important component of Ayurvedic

therapeutics. They have a long history of use as effective and safe remedies.
However, in the past few years concerns are expressed at international level about
the safety of their use in therapeutics. Discussion of important aspects of this issue is
the presentation focus. The Issues considered are; equating the toxic potential of
inorganic and other forms of minerals and metals with ayurvedic ‘Rasaushadhies’;
categorization of toxicity reports on the basis of appropriate and inappropriate use
and use by authorized or unauthorized persons; and to evolve appropriate safety
evaluation protocol. Review of available literature shows that speciation or
characterization profile of the metallopharmaceuticals used in Ayurveda is not
available. Hence, equating toxic effects of heavy metals with ‘Rasaushadies’ is not
appropriate. The majority of the studies carried out on classical products do not
reveal any serious toxic potential when used in an appropriate manner at proper dose
levels. Many factors like-source materials used, the manner of processing,
purification and preparation process employed, use of adjuvants; the clinical
condition of the recipient, bio-availability of the products and their interaction with
cellular ligands have influence on the safety profile. Examples will be provided during
the presentation. Safety evaluation protocol adopting the latest advances in the field
of toxicology like toxicogenomics, computational toxicology, in vitro methods using
cells, cell lines, or cellular components, preferably of human origin and using non-
vertebrates needs to be developed. Data generated thus can form a basis for detailed
studies.
Keywords: Ayurvedic therapeutics, Rasaushadhies, Metallopharmaceuticals,

toxicogenomics
94
Australian Native Plants: Novel Therapeutics for Global Infections
and Diseases
Dr. Trudi Collet
Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, School – Clinical Sciences,

Queensland University of Technology, Australia
In 2016, two health threats confronted the world: the alarming increase in hospital-acquired
infections due to increasingly pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the emergence of
the Zika virus.Antibiotics are central to the global healthcare system, reducing the burden of
common infectious diseases and underpinning positive outcomes from medical
interventions. The recent spread of pathogens such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and colistin-resistant Escherichia
coli has depleted the supply of efficacious antibiotics. Globally, the widespread emergence
of resistant bacteria already claims 700,000 lives per year. Further, it is predicted that by
2050, 10 million people will be killed annually i.e. one every three seconds. Thus, the
emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens among human and animal
populations worldwide has shifted attention to the need for more broad-spectrum
antibiotics. To that end, using the well diffusion assay, we evaluated the bactericidal
potential of extracts obtained from an Australian native plant (denoted species 8472). Of
the 16 bacteria screened, only Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be impervious to the
extract. Overall, species 8472 was shown to be highly potent against both Gram-positive
(MRSA, VREs, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (E.coli, multi-drug
resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus spp.) bacteria. These findings will have a
significant global impact given the dearth of antibiotics currently available that have the
ability to effectively clear an infection caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Keywords: antibiotics, antibiotic resistant pathogens, broad-spectrum antibiotics,

Australian native plants
95
Application of Metabonomic Analytical Techniques in
Traditional Medicine Research
Prof. P. A. Paranagama
Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Currently a wide range of metabonomic analytical techniques are widely used in

Traditional Medicine (TM) research and since the demand of the traditional medicine (TM)
is increasing tremendously, assurance of safety, quality and efficacy of TM are becoming a
crucial issue. Hence there is an urgent need to develop a systematic and optimized method
using reliable analytical techniques for the standardization of TM raw materials. TM are
composed of many chemical constituents and it is very important to develop consistent
chromatographic fingerprints that signify pharmacologically active and chemically
characteristic components in TM. The advancements in modern analytical methods and the
development of application have made it possible to solve many of the problems related to
analysis of TM. The valuable modern analytical techniques used for TM analysis include
HPTLC, GC, GC-MS, MS, HPLC and LC-MS. Phytochemical profiles of TM have to be
generated and the need of high-technological oriented applications has given rise to
investigate and serve as rapid unambiguous tools in TM research. Further development of
metabonomic analytical techniques will promote TM research globally and this will be
beneficial to the development of TM, assist the formulation of TM safety, and establishing
the international standards indicators.
Keywords: TM, HPTLC, GC, GC-MS, LC-MS
96
Hippocampal Neuron Culture for Analysis of Neurotrophic
Factor-Mimetic Activity: Application to Traditional Medicinal
Plants and Marine Algae
Prof. Il Soo Moon

Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine,
Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) promote the initial growth and development of neurons and in
the mature nervous system, they promote neuronal survival, induce synaptic plasticity, and
modulate the formation of long-term memories. Therefore, most neurological disorders are
attributed to lack of NTFs. Medicinal plants have served as traditional folk medicine world-
wide and also as a superb reservoir of preventative and therapeutic multitarget-directed
natural ligands for brain disorders. So far, a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line that is derived
from the rat adrenal medulla have been used in the screening assay for NTF-mimetics. PC12
cells, however, are not derived from CNS but a blastoma derived from the neural crest, an
origin of PNS, and they do not differentiate into neurons which are morphologically and
functionally close to brain ones. In contrast, primary hippocampal neurons mature in vitro
into those that are very similar to brain ones, and the morphological development is very
stereotypical from initial neuritogenesis, axonal and dendritic outgrowth, to later dendritic
maturation and synaptogenesis to produce functional synapses. My laboratory took
advantage of this culture for screening many inland medicinal plants and marine algae. In
this talk, I will share and discuss some of our recent data.
Keywords: Brain Disease, Neuritogenesis, Neurotrophic Factor, Primary hippocampal

neuron, PC12
97
Usage of Mercury in Ayurveda and Indigenous Medicine: A
Review
Dr. S. K. M. K. Herapathdeniya
Senior Lecturer, Department of Dravyagunavignana, Institute of Indigenous
Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Ayurveda is a holistic and divine life science. It was developed by the divine people on
comprehension through their deep sense and apposite concentration. In Ayurveda as well
as traditional medicine herbal, mineral and animal products are being used for the
treatment of different ailments. These mineral preparations are called as Rasaushadhies
which is the core of Rasashastra and Mercury is the chief material. Due to their small dose,
quick effectiveness, tastelessness, effectiveness on dreadful diseases and long shelf life,
Rasaushadhis are considered superior than herbal products. According to
Rasarathnasamucchaya, which is a classical text on RasaShastra, there are five types of
Mercury cited. It also mentions several acceptable as well as unacceptable properties of
Mercury. As per Rasashastra, before their preparation, mercury must be subjected to a
procedure called Shodhana. In order to prepare rejuvenative and aphrodisiac formulations,
Mercury must be subjected to VisheshaShodhana and ParadaSamskara, apart from
Shodhana. Even after these processes, mercury is not used as it is. Instead, it is used with a
blend of Gandhaka (Sulphur) in which the basic preparation is called Kajjali. Kajjali is used
as a fundamental ingredient in various formulations as an adjuvant and also itself as a
medicine. Karaliya, Parpati, Pottali and Kupipakwa are the main preparations mentioned in
Rasa Shastra. Karaliya preparations are prepared by using motor and pestle whereas
Kupipakwa is prepared in side of a glass bottle. Parpati is a wafer like preparation and
Pottali is a unique preparation used in patients who are in relentlessly ill condition.
Keywords: Rasashasta, Rasaushadhi, mercury, Gandhaka, Kajjali
98
OP 09-01: In-vitro antidiabetic activities of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L flower extract and its
fractions
GPVCN Nanayakkara, C Padumadasa, DC Peiris

Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Boiled flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L (Oleacea) is used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine to
combat diabetes. The present study attempted to elucidate the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of
aqueous flower extract (AFE) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol)
of N. arbor-tristis using in vitro assays. Doses (1.5ml/mg, 3mg/ml, 5mg/ml) were selected based on
the study conducted by Rangika et al. 2015. Phytochemical screening was determined using
standard protocols. AFE and each fraction (n=6) was subjected to in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay
and glucose uptake by yeast cells at 25mM of glucose concentration. Flavonoids, terpenoid and
cardiac glycosides were observed in both AFE and fractions. A significant (p <0.05) inhibition of α-
amylase enzyme was revealed with increasing doses in the AFE while the hexane fraction exhibited
the highest inhibition. At 1.5mg/ml, ethyl acetate fraction promoted a dose dependent (99%) and
methanol and dichloromethane fractions showed a dose independent glucose uptake (79.09%,
84.0% respectively). Both AFE and hexane fraction exhibited a significant (p <0.05) glucose uptake at
1.5 (84%) and 3mg/ml (92%) doses. The present findings confirm that N. arbor-tristis exerts its
antidiabetic activity via inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and increasing glucose transportation across
the cells. The non-polar hexane fraction exhibited higher hypoglycemic activities compared to other
fractions. Hence, isolation of responsible compounds is required from hexane fraction.
Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, aqueous extraction, fractionation, alpha amylase, glucose
uptake
OP 09-02: Antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Smilax zeylanica L. (Family: Smilaceae) root and
rhizomes
N Malge, DC Peiris
Cancer patients often attracted to complementary and alternative medicinal practices due to their
natural origin, lack of side effects. Roots and rhizomes of Smilax zeylanica is an important herb in
traditional medicine against arthritis, diabetes and cancer. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the
antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of root extracts. Air dried roots and rhizome (RR) were
refluxed with water and methanol to obtain aqueous (ARRE) and methanol (MRRE) extracts. Both
extracts were screened for phytochemicals and confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Total
phenols, flavonoids were quantified using Gallic acid and quarcetine as the respective standards.
Free radical scavenging activity (doses:2-300g/mL) was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl
DPPH assay (n=3), while cytotoxicty (doses:8, 80, 90, 100, 666g/mL) was tested (n=50) using brine
shrimp lethality assay. Saponnins, flavonoids, proanthocynidine, tannins and polyphenols were
detected in both extracts. Furthermore, MRRE contained unsaturated sterols, tri terpenes, and
anthraquinones. Both MRRE and ARRE showed a linear relationship with the total phenol and
flavanoid contents with their respect standards. For both extracts, increasing free radical scavenging
99
activity was observed with increasing concentrations (MRRE IC50: 6.53±0.02µg/mL; ARRE IC50:
108±1.2µg/mL) compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50: 2.59±0.02 µg/mL). A significant
(p<0.05) linear relationship was observed in the cytotoxic assay (MRRE LC50: 90.3±2.8µg/mL; ARRE
LC50:84±0.7µg/mL) compared to the positive control (Potassium dichromate LC50:32±0.0µg/mL).
The present study revealed that the methoanol extracts of the RR of S. zeylanica possess potent
antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. It is concluded that S. zeylanica contains potent cytotoxic
properties and verifies its ethno-medicinal value.
Keywords: Smilax zeylanica, roots and rhizomes, antioxidant, cytotoxicity
OP 09-03: Bio activity guided identification of an anti-inflammatory compound from Munronia

pinnata
SD Hapuarachchi1, TS Suresh2, WTPSK Senarath3, C Ranasinghe4

1
2
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,Sri Lanka
4
Faculty of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka.
Munronia pinnata (MP) is a highly demanded herb in folklore medicine of Sri Lanka. This study was
designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extracts of M. pinnata in
carrageenan-induced, experimental acute inflammatory in Wistar rat model. The crude powder of
M. pinnata was extracted successively with hexane, chloroform and methanol at room temperature.
The methanol extract (MPm) was further partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate
extract (MPe) was subjected to chromatographic separation using column and thin layer
chromatographic techniques. The eluted fractions were screened for bioactivity using carrageenan-
induced acute inflammation in Wistar rats. Finally, sub fraction MPe 2-1b (55.0 mg) was identified as
senecrassidiol by extensive chromatographic studies. All the tested ethyl acetate fractions of
methanol extract were showed a significant inhibitory effect on paw oedema and fraction 2 (MPe 2)
exhibited the maximum effect at the 5th hour (67%). Anti-inflammatory effect of the isolated MPe 2-
1b (senecrassidiol) also showed the maximum inhibitory effect at the 4th hour (57%). These results
of this study provide the scientific rationale for the use of M. pinnata as an anti–inflammatory agent
in folk medicine.
Keywords: Munronia pinnata, anti-inflammatory effect, carrageenan-induced wistar rats, methanol
extracts, senecrassidiol
OP 09-04: Investigation of antimicrobial activities of methanol extract from Nyctanthes arbor-

tristis L. flowers
N Dhanushika, D Peiris
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Family Oleaceae) is commonly known as Night Jasmine is one of highly
utlizied traditional medicinal plant in Sri Lanka. N. arbor-tristis flowers is known for its anti-diabetic
100
and antioxidant activities. But its antimicrobial potential is not known. The present study was
undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity in lieu of developing antimicrobial drug against
increasing drug resistant pathogens. Dried flowers were grounded and extracted with methanol.
Antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis), Gram-
positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative
(Pseudumonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were assessed using agar
well diffusion method. Four concentrations (n=3) of the extract (3, 2.5, 2, 1.5 and 1mg/mL), dimethyl
sulfoxide (negative control), Vancomycin (for Gram-positive bacteria) and Gentamycin (for Gram-
negative bacteria) were used. The zone of inhibition was measured and Relative Magnitude of
Inhibition (RMI) were determined. The extract showed the highest activity against pathogenic
bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (RMI= 1.563 and 1.564 respectively at 3mg/mL which was
comparable to the standard antibiotics (RMI= 1.790). At 3mg/mL, 1.411 and 1.196 RMI values were
shown against Methicillin- Resistant S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Among two pathogenic fungi
the strongest activity was shown against the C. dubliniensis (RMI= 0.766). The lowest antifungal
activity was shown against C. albicans (RMI= 0.660) and was comparable to K .pneumoniae (RMI=
0.610). Our findings suggest that, N. arbor-tristis could potentially useful for the development of
therapeutic agent against antimicrobial several important human pathogens.
Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, methanolic extract, antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion
method
OP 09-05: Phytochemical screening and study of antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory

activities of extracts from leaves, flowers, stems and roots of Scoparia dulcis L
SM Silva1, HAK Maduranga2, PA Paranagama2

1
College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Sri Lanka
2
Scoparia dulcis L is a valuable medicinal herb widely found in tropical and subtropical countries
including Sri Lanka and rich in bioactive compounds such as flavones, terpenes and steroids. The
bioactivities of different parts of the plant have not been studied separately. Therefore, the main
objectives were to evaluate bioactivities of the leaves, flowers, stems and roots of Scoparia dulcis L
using antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic bioassays separately. Methanol Extracts of
leaves, roots, stems and flowers of Scoparia dulcis L were screened to identify the above activities.
Then each extracts prepared from different parts of Scoparia dulcis L was partitioned into hexane,
chloroform and 60% MeOH and bioactivities of each fraction obtained was evaluated again using
specific bioassays. The crude extracts of each part of Scoparia dulcis L showed significantly high
antioxidant activity with lower IC50. Fractions yielded after the partitioning indicated that CHCl3 and
60 % MeOH fractions of leaves, roots and stems samples showed significantly high antioxidant
activities. MeOH extracts of roots and flowers of Scoparia dulcis L exhibited significantly high anti-
inflammatory activity than the standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin. Nevertheless CHCl3
fractions of the flowers and root samples revealed the activities higher than to standard anti-
inflammatory drug, aspirin. MeOH extracts of flowers, leaves and roots showed highest anti-diabetic
activity and 60 % MeOH fraction of the leaves and flowers showed highest anti-diabetic activity than
to standard acarbose. This concludes that, Scoparia dulcis L having high medicinal potential in terms
of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities.
Keywords: Scoparia dulcis L, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetic activity
101
OP 09-06: Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of different extracts of Talinum
paniculatum and Aegle marmelos
RNN Gamage, KB Hasanthi, KDKP Kumari

Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence
University, Sri Lanka
Antibacterial resistance has become a serious public health burden at present. There is a necessity
and great demand for development of novel efficacious plant based natural antibacterial agents in
order to combat against the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, present study evaluated
the in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the Talinum
paniculatum leaf and Aegle marmelos flower against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Materials and Agar well diffusion method and macro-dilution
broth technique were performed to determine the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC), respectively. Statistical comparisons were made using Duncan's new multiple
range test. The results revealed that each leaf extract of T. paniculatum and flower extract of A.
marmelos exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli. Additionally, all leaf extracts of T.
paniculatum and flower extracts of A. marmelos, except hexane extract, exhibited antibacterial
potential against S. aureus. For T. paniculatum, the largest zones of inhibition against E. coli and S.
aureus were observed for 100mg/mL methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, respectively. Besides,
100mg/mL aqueous flower extract of A. marmelos expressed the largest zones of growth inhibition
against E. coli and S. aureus. It is concluded that T. paniculatum and A. marmelos are promising
sources to develop potent, cheap and natural antibacterial drugs. Further studies are recommended
to investigate phytoconstituents of the extracts, which are mediated for their antibacterial property.
Keywords:Talinum paniculatum, Aegle marmelos, antibacterial activity, MIC
OP 09-07: Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of secondary metabolites of Roccella

montagnei
N Jayasooriya1, HAK Maduranga2, PA Paranagama1, 2

1
2
There is evidence that lichens have been used as traditional medicine since early human civilization.
The objective of this research was to find the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity in
secondary metabolites of lichen Roccellamontagneicollected from Puttalam lagoon, Sri Lanka. The
secondary metabolites were extracted using sequential extraction method and column
chromatography. The crude extracts namely hexane, dichloromethane and methanol fractions were
tested for anti-inflammatory activity and all fractions showed fairly higher results than the standard.
The highest percentage inhibition was observed for the dichloromethane extract which was 92.69%
at a concentration of 0.18 mg/ml whereas 43.84% was observed for Aspirin at the same
concentration. The dichloromethane extract was partitioned using a silica gel column and six major
fractions were obtained. All six fractions showed satisfactory results compared to the standard. The
antibacterial properties were tested for crude extracts on four non-pathogenic bacteria namely
102
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidemics. The
dichloromethane crude extract showed satisfactory results against the above-mentioned bacteria
species showing the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus giving an inhibition zone of 18
mm at a concentration of 6.66 mg/ml. Five major fractions were obtained by subjecting the
dichloromethane extract to column chromatography. All fractions gave satisfactory results for
antibacterial assay. The F4 fraction showed fairly satisfactory results against three bacteria species.
Therefore the F4 fraction was subjected to a preparative thin layer chromatography and one
fluorescent-active compound was isolated. It was concluded that secondary metabolites of lichen
Roccellamontagnei possess anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.
Keywords: secondary metabolites, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, Roccellamontagnei, lichens
OP 09-08: Antibacterial activity of Parankipaddai Kudineer (decoction) and its component plants
T Thileepan1, V Thevanesam2, S Kathirgamanathar3

1
Unit of Siddha Medicine, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
3
Industrial Technology Institute, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Decoction, a hot water extract, is an internal medicine in the Siddha medical system.
Parankipaddaikudineer (PPK) consists of 13 plant parts from 12 medicinal plants and is used to treat
skin diseases. The antimicrobial activity of PPK has not been reported previously. The study of the
decoction as well as its component plants is timely as there is a rapidly increasing demand for novel
antimicrobial agents from plant sources, particularly for the treatment of infections by bacteria
resistant pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa NCTC 10662 and 5 clinical isolates of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus were used in this
study. The decoction was prepared according to the method in Siddha literature. Antibacterial
screening at 1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80 and 1/160 dilutions of decoction was performed using a well
diffusion method. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) measured.
The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the agar dilution method. Ten µL of
the 1/10 dilution of each test strain was used. After 24 hours incubation, the growth of pathogens
was compared with the control. PPK decoction has inhibitory activity (ZOI: 15.3±2.5 – 16.0±1.0 mm)
against S. aureus NCTC 6571 and 5 MRSA strains at 1/10 dilution. Out of 12 individual plant
decoctions, 10 were shown to have inhibitory activity, 9 of which showed activity against S. aureus
NCTC and 5 strains of MRSA. Three replicates were carried out for the entire procedure. Results
show that PPK decoctions and its individual plants S. aromaticum, E. ribes, C. angustifolia, I.
aspalathoides and M. fragrans leaf possess inhibitory activity against both sensitive and resistant
strains of S. aureus at a high dilution which indicates the potential of using them as antimicrobial
agents.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, Parankipaddai Kudineer, MRSA, bacterial resistance pathogens
103
OP 09-09: Hepatoprotective effects of Osbeckia octandra on experimental liver cirrhosis
BRS Bogahawaththa1, P Weththasinghe2, SP Kodithuwakku1, W L Dissanayake3, EH Siriweera4, CB

Herath5, RRMKK Wijesundara6, DPIN Pathirana2, R P V J Rajapakse6, MPB Wijayagunawardane1
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
3
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
4
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
5
Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
6
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of
Natural plant extracts are frequently screened for new drug discoveries. Sri Lankan traditional
medicine widely uses the leaves of a native plant, Heen Bowitiya (HB; Osbeckia octandra) for
treatment of human liver diseases. Therefore, the present study was focused to evaluate the
hepato-protective effects of HB leaves against Thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver toxicity in Wistar
rats aged 5 months (250 g). Four randomly assigned groups of rats received either TAA (100 mg/kg
BW, intraperitoneal, twice a week), leaf extract of HB (500 mg DM/kg BW, oral gavage, twice a
week), TAA + HB or equal amounts of distilled water orally. Samples were collected at 5, 10 and 15
weeks after the first treatment, for biochemical, histopathological and gene expression analysis.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for
liver function, and creatinine for kidney function were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in TAA
administered rats. Interestingly, HB treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased these parameters in
TAA administered rats compared to those receiving TAA alone. The above findings were confirmed
by histological assessments using H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Moreover, HB treatment
markedly ameliorated the expression of collagen 1, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA and VEGF-R1
genes in TAA administered rats compared to those receiving TAA alone. Furthermore, human
vascular endothelial cell based angiogenic assay revealed significant anti-angiogenic effects of HB.
We conclude that HB leaf extracts protect the liver from toxic injury induced by TAA but the
therapeutic potential of HB leaves needs to be further investigated.
Keywords: liver injury, Osbeckia octandr, Thioacetamide and rats
OP 09-10: Preliminary screening of bioactive secondary metabolites produced from endolichenic

fungi Xylariapsidii from the mangrove lichen, Pyrenulaochra ceoflava in Puttalam District, Sri
Lanka
DVH Dharmakeerthi1, HAK Maduranga2, PA Paranagama2

1
2
Endolichenic fungi are microorganisms living in the thalli of lichens that are analogous to the plant
endophytic species inhabiting the intercellular spaces of the hosts. Endolichenic fungi live within the
lichen thallus much the same way as endophytes live between cells in plant tissues. In this study the
endolichenic fungus Xylariapsidii from the lichen Pyrenulaochra ceoflava occurring in the mangrove
plants in Puttalam District, Sri Lanka was investigated for its biological activities. The fungus was
grown in large PDA plates and incubated at room temperature for ten days and the secondary
104
metabolites were extracted into ethyl acetate. The crude extract was then subjected to anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial assays. The concentration series of crude extract
showed moderately low anti-inflammatory activity for the HRBCs Membrane Stabilization assay
compared with the standard Aspirin used. The crude showed considerably high antioxidant activity
in DPPH assay and showed very high antibacterial activity against the three bacteria strains used in
the Agar Well Diffusion assay compared with the standard positive Azithromycin used. Since the
antibacterial activity was high, the crude was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and 60%
methanol to obtain hexane, chloroform and methanol fractions respectively and each fraction was
evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activities as well as the Minimum
Inhibitory Concentrations of each portion were identified using Agar Well Diffusion assay. The
chloroform fraction that showed the highest activity was further fractionated using bio assay guided
column chromatography and preparative TLC to isolate the compounds present.
Keywords: Endolichenic fungus, Pyrenulochra ceoflava, Xylariapsidii, anti-bacterial activity,
antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity
OP 09-11: In-vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties from
Sri Lanka
SAS Jayawardana1, JKRR Samarasekera1, GHCM Hettiarachchi2, J Gooneratne1

1
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
The prevalence of inflammatory mediated diseases is increasing worldwide. Arachidonate 5-

lipoxygenase (A5-LOX) is a key enzyme involved in biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammatory
disorders and allergic reactions. Hyaluronidase leads to degranulation of mast cells, causing the
release of inflammatory mediators. Due to the formation of reactive oxygen species during its
catalytic action, Xanthine oxidase (XO) is responsible for inflammatory diseases. Therefore, inhibitors
of A5-LOX, hyaluronidase and XO play a vital role in the treatment of inflammatory mediated
diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Sri
Lankan finger millet extracts. Flours of whole grains of Ravi, Rawana and Oshadha finger millet
varieties, were extracted with ethanol and methanol separately and used in ev aluating A5-LOX,
hyaluronidase and XO enzyme inhibitory properties and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-
azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging properties. Data of each
experiment were statistically analysed. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among
three varieties and between the extracts. Among all extracts, methanolic extract of Oshadha
exhibited the highest anti-A5-LOX activity (IC50 = 484.42 ± 5.54 µg/ml) and anti-XO activity (IC50 =
764.34 ± 8.47 µg/ml). All extracts showed less than 50% hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 1000
µg/ml concentration. Positive correlations between IC50 values of A5-LOX and XO inhibitory activities
and DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging properties indicate scavenging radical intermediates as the
prominent mechanism of anti-A5-LOX and anti-XO inhibitory activities of the extracts. This is the first
report revealing anti-A5-LOX, anti-hyaluronidase and anti-XO properties of any extract of Sri Lankan
finger millet varieties.
Keywords: Arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, Finger millet, Hyaluronidase, Radical scavenging
properties, Xanthine oxidase
105
OP 09-12: Antioxidant properties of lime juice extract
MRDA Chandrasiri1, MRTB Chandrasiri1, RDPA Dissanayaka2

1
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, Philippines
2
Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention
of diseases such as cancers. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties of
lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice extract claiming the therapeutic effect on possible active constituents
present on the said plant. The research design covered both qualitative and quantitative
experimentation. The experiment aimed to identify the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract
of Citrus aurantifolia. The experiment was planned with the limitation of experimenting the above
mentioned properties of the plant and comparative analysis of the results. To observe the
antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay was conducted. The test was carried
for different concentrations of the fruits’ ethanolic extract and Ascorbic acid was used as the positive
control. The absorbance readings were measured spectro-photometrically. The readings were
interpreted statistically to see if there was any significant difference in the antioxidant activity
between the positive control and the Citrus aurantifolia fruit extract. Different concentrations of the
ethanolic juice extract of Citrofortunellamicrocarpa show lower rates than the absorbance readings
of the controlled reference, ascorbic acid. Due to the color change of the DPPH reagent as well as
the percent inhibition of DPPH activity, which gave a positive value approving the inhibition of free
radicals in the solution, the conclusion that Citrofortunellamicrocarpa fruit juice possesses
antioxidant properties was made. There was no significant statistical different between the mean
absorbance readings between Citrofortunellamicrocarpa fruit juice and Ascorbic acid regarding the
DPPH assay, which leads to the conclusion that the antioxidant property of any concentration of
Citrofortunellamicrocarpa fruit juice is comparable with the positive control used.
Keywords: lime juice, Antioxidant, Citrofortunellamicrocarpa, DPPH assay
OP 09-13: Antifungal potential of garlic against multidrug-resistant Candida species
WAS Wijendra1, KVDHS Karawita2, KMEP Fernando3, P Jayasekera1

1
Department of Mycology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
2
Research and Development section, Nature’s Beauty Creation Pvt. Ltd., Sri Lanka
3
Department of Botany, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Opportunistic Candida has developed resistance towards antifungal drugs prescribed to treat
Candida infections. Today, side effects of some drugs are a major concern in the health sector. This
current situation has led to exploration of the potential of herbs as alternative drugs. Garlic (Allium
sativum) is used extensively in traditional medicine for many human ailments. This study aimed to
evaluate the efficacy of garlic extracts against multidrug-drug resistant Candida strains. The
antifungal activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of raw and boiled garlic was assessed against
the reference strains; C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. tropicalis (ATCC 750), C. glabrata (ATCC 90030), C.
parapsilosis (ATCC 23019) and resistant Candida isolates from patients using well diffusion method
and poison food technique. Inhibition zones were compared with the reference standard
106
ketoconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of reference Candida strains and resistant
Candida isolates from patients were determined using broth micro dilution method. Ketoconazole
(positive) and sterile distilled water and methanol (negative) were used as controls. Both aqueous
and methanol extracts of raw garlic showed significantly larger inhibitory zones for four reference
strains compared to ketoconazole (p<0.05) while boiled garlic extracts showed significant inhibition
on C. parapsilosis. Methanol extracts of raw garlic suppressed growth of all four strains by 100%.
MIC of methanol extract of raw garlic for local patient’s strains recorded the range from 0.15 to 0.62
mg/ml. Results revealed that Candida isolates are susceptible to raw garlic extracts which possess
antifungal properties. Thus garlic can be developed as an effective therapeutic drug against
multidrug-resistant Candida strains.
Keywords: candida, garlic, antifungal
OP 09-14: Identification of Bergenin and a diastereoisomer of Bergenin from the herb, Flueggea
Leucopyrus Willd as potent anti-cancer agents against human ovarian carcinoma
VP Bulugahapitiya1, MMAB Munasinghe1, ML Hettihewa2, N Kihara3

1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Hiratsuka, Japan
Fluggea Leucopyrus Willd. (Euphorbiacea) is a medicinal herb widely available in the dry zone of Sri
Lanka and has been utilized as a complementary medicine for cancer. Anti-cancer activity of the
plant extracts against different types of carcinoma has been reported and Bergenin has been
isolated as an anti-oxidant from the herb. This paper presents the identification of cytotoxic
compounds against human ovarian carcinoma from the leaves of F.leucopyrus. Human Ovarian
carcinoma cell line (A 2780-Adhesive type) was cultured in RPMI 1640 cell culture media and used
for the MTS cell proliferation and HTERT inhibitory assay for determining the anti-cancer activity of
F. leucopyrus. As significant inhibition for the cell proliferation was observed with the ethyl acetate
extract of the leaves (IC50 36.35 µg/mL), it was purified using column chromatography to obtain
about six pure compounds. Out of six, two compounds (compound-1 and compound-2) showed
strong inhibition of cell proliferation giving IC50 values of 48.53 and 12.36µg/mL respectively in MTS
assay. The cell mortality was identified by staining with the Trypan blue 0.4 % solution. In the HTERT
inhibitory assay, only the compound-1 showed the prompt depletion of HTERT content in human
ovarian cancer cells (in the 50-200 µg/mL concentration range). The structures of compounds 1 and
2 were elucidated using Mass and NMR spectroscopy. Compound-1 was characterized as the known
compound Bergenin and compound-2 was characterized as a stereoisomer of Bergenin at C-9 and C-
14. In conclusion, bergenin (2R,3S,4S,4aR,10bS)-3,4,8,10-Tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-
methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6(2H)-one) and its diastereoisomer
(2R,3S,4S,4aS,10bR)-3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-
tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6(2H)-one), present in the leaves of F. leucopyrus, are likely to
be potent anti-cancer compounds.
Keywords: F. leucopyrus, Bergenin, diastereoisomer of bergenin, human ovarian carcinoma
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OP 09-15: Hepatoprotective activity of Linklive CareTM against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity
in female mice
KAAU Karunarathna1, UG Chandrika2, C Padumadasa1, B Senevirathna3, AM Abeysekera1

1
Depatment of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
2
Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
3
Depatment of Pathology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
Link LivecareTM (LLC) consisting of 14 herbs: Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Phyllanthus
amarus, P. emblica, Piper longum, Terminalia chebula, T. bellerica, Tinospora codifolia, Curcuma
longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Boerrhavia diffusa, Osbekia octandra, Tephrosia purpurea and Vernonia
cinerea was formulated by an expert panel of Ayurvedic physicians at Link Natural Product (Pvt)
limited as a hepatoprotective preparation. Hepatoprotective activity of the isopropyl alcohol:water
(70:30 v/v) extract of LLC (80 and 160 mg/kg) was studied against paracetamol (PCM) induced
hepatotoxicity in female mice at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). Silymarin was used as the
positive control. Single oral administration of PCM (500 mg/kg) induced 50 % lethality in mice in the
pathological control group after 24 hr. The same dose of PCM killed only 25% in LLC pre-treated
group at the dose level of 80 mg/kg. The lethality is the same as the pathological control group (PCG)
at the dose level of 160 mg/kg. However, with pre-treatment with silymarin at the dose level of 50
mg/kg, only 25% of the animals survived. The survivors in pre-treated groups showed reduction in
elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels compared to the
survivors of the pathological control group (p<0.05). Treatment related change in serum alkaline
phosphatase and total bilirubin were not observed against PCM induced hepatic damage. PCM
intoxicated animals showed centrilobular necrosis involving approximately 5% of the liver
parenchyma. Pre-treatment with either the extract of LLC or silymarin showed only early
pathological alterations of cell injury. These results indicate that extract of LLC increased the
percentage of survival in mice against PCM induced hepatotoxicity at a dose of 80 mg/kg body
weight.
Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, hepatoprotective activity, paracetamol, silymarin
OP 09-16: Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Tragia involucrata L. in Streptozotocin induced

diabetic rats
MS Pallie1, PK Perera1, CL Goonasekera2, KMN Kumarasinghe2, LDAM Arawwawala3

1
2
General Sir John Kotelawela Defense University, Sri Lanka
3
Research and Development Complex, Industrial Technological Institute, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Tragiainvolucrata L. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) (TI), is known as Welkahambiliya in Sri Lanka and is a

medicinal herb used in the Sri Lankan traditional medical system and Ayurveda. TI possesses
hypolipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic actions, among others.
The present study investigates the anti- diabetic effect of TI hot water extract (HWE) using the
therapeutic dose of 550 mg/kg, and two other doses of 875 mg/kg and 1100 mg/kg. Type 2 diabetes
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mellitus was induced for adult male Wistar rats by providing 60% high fat diet for 21 days, and
administering freshly prepared Streptozotocin (30 mg/kg/rat) on the 22nd day. Rats with blood
glucose levels higher than 175 mg/dL were selected as diabetic rats and divided into 5 groups (n=6).
Groups I to V were orally treated with distilled water (1 mL/day), 150 mg/kg Metformin/day, HWE of
TI at a dose of 550, 875, 1100 mg/kg/day for 28 days respectively. Further, one group (n=6) of
normo-glycaemic rats were orally given distilled water (1 mL/day) as a negative control group.
Fasting blood glucose was measured on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that all the doses of
HWE of TI and reference drugs significantly reduced high blood sugar levels and the dose of 550
mg/dL showed the most effective anti-diabetic effect compared with other doses. In conclusion, a
dose of 550 mg/dL is more efficacious in causing anti-diabetic effect compared with the other two
doses of 875 and 1100 mg/dL in diabetic induced adult male Wistar rats.
Keywords: Tragiainvolucrata, anti-diabetic, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Op 09-17: Anti-inflammatory activity of Curcuma albiflora Thw. on formaldehyde induced paw

oedema in rats
HMIC Herath, TDCMK Wijayasiriwardene, GAS Premakumara

Harankaha is an important medicinal plant, which is being used for anti-inflammatory disorders. It
can be considered as a controversial medicinal plant; under same vernacular name three plants are
being used. An endangered endemic variety of Curcuma albiflora Thw. is unexplored. Current study
was launched to scientifically test none evidence based traditional claim made that C. albiflora has
anti-inflammatory activity by using formaldehyde-induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. Plants were
collected in March, 2017 from Sabaragamuwa area. Voucher specimens were authenticated from
National Herbarium, Peradeniya. Whole plant extract was prepared using ethanol and water (1:1) by
continuous extraction (6 h). The study procedures and ethical clearance were approved by the
University of Colombo, ethics committee and conducted in accordance to the WHO guidelines.
Wistar female rats (160 - 250 g) from MRI, Colombo were used. Inflammations were induced by 0.1
ml of 2% formaldehyde in distilled water into the plantar oponurosis of the left hind paw on the day
1 and 3 under anesthesia. Thirty rats were assigned into five groups; control (water), three drug
treated groups (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), and standard group (indomethacin: 4 mg/kg) for 7
consecutive days. The drug group (400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the paw oedema from
the day 5 to 7 when compared with the control. Since previous study reveals that C. albiflora
showed low anti-inflammatory activity on cotton-pellet induced granuloma test, prostaglandin
synthesis was not inhibited significantly by the C. albiflora Thw. extract, and anti-inflammatory
activity could be related to other autacoids.
Keywords: Formaldehyde induced paw oedema, Curcuma albiflora, anti-inflammatory
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OP 09-18: Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of a medicinal plant extract mixture in healthy rats
DSNK Liyanagamage, V Karunarathne, AP Attanayake, S Jayasinghe

Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Polyherbal therapy used in traditional medicine has been offered a promising key in the
management of diabetes mellitus since antiquity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the
hypoglycaemic activity of a medicinal plant extract mixture composed of leaves of Murraya koenigii
(L.), cloves of Allium sativum (L), fruits of Garcinia queasita Pierre and seeds of Piper nigrum(L) in
healthy Wistar rats in order to scrutinize the therapeutic use in Sri Lankan traditional Ayurvedic
medicine. The equal amount of each above plant parts (100 g) were mixed and extracted in to cold
water, hot water (3h, refluxed) and water : acetone mixture (1:1 ) separately. Overnight fasted
healthy male wistar rats (12 h) were randomly divided into four groups (n=6/group). Group one rats
received distilled water (control). Group two, three and four administered cold water, hot water and
water: acetone extract mixture respectively at the doses of 0.5,1.0 (equivalent human therapeutic
dose) and 1.5 g/kg. The acute hypoglycaemic effect was evaluated over a four hour period using
total area under the curve method. The plant extract treated rats at the dose of 1.0 g/kg showed a
significant improvement on oral glucose tolerance as water: acetone extract (14.1%), hot water
extract (10.37%) and cold water extract (6.34%) in healthy rats (p< 0.05). The results revealed that
the administration of the combined plant extract mixture showed dose dependent hypoglycaemic
effects in healthy rats and further studies are warranted in diabetic rats.
Keywords: plant extract mixture, healthy rats, hypoglycaemic activity
OP 09-19: Effects of grated coconut kernel on blood glucose and serum lipids in Wistar rats
HAE Samaranayake1, S Chakrawarthy2, AR Wickremasinghe3

1
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Grated coconut (GC) is widely used in traditional cooking purposes to make “sambal “and traditional
sweets. GC is rich in dietary fiber (9%). The present study investigated the effects of GC on blood
glucose and serum lipids in Wistar rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats (1-4) were maintained on
four iso-caloric test diets, containing white coconut oil (WCO), virgin coconut oil (VCO), WCO + GC
(1:1 ratio) and VCO + GC (1:1 ratio) respectively. After 36 weeks of feeding, blood glucose and serum
lipids were assayed. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 by ANOVA. Compared with the
baseline, mean serum glucose levels decreased in all four groups; -13.87, -7.22, -41.88, and -41.85
mg/dl respectively. The decrease was significant (p<0.05) only in rats fed with mixtures of oil + GC
(groups 3 and 4). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between groups on oil only diets
or between groups fed with diets containing mixtures of oil+ GC. Compared with baseline levels,
mean differences in serum lipids in mg/dl were; total cholesterol (TC) 9.05, -8.08, 6.11, 1.65,
triglycerides -31.1, -20.75, -30.5, -49.8 and high density lipoproteins (HDL) -1.47, 8.32, 0.816, -10.82
in groups 1-4 respectively. Although statistically not significant, diets with oil + GC mixture resulted
110
in a greater reduction of serum triglycerides. Lower TC and higher HDL levels were observed in rats
fed with VCO containing diet. Inclusion of grated coconut in the diet resulted in significant
hypoglycemic action and a possible hypolipidaemic effect in Wistar rats.
Keywords: blood sugar, dietary fiber, hypoglycemic action
OP 09-20: Inhibitory effects of α – Eleostearic acid (α-ESA) rich bitter melon seed lipids on
hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
KNK Ranasinghe1, AD Premarathna1, IPGHU Dissanayake2, K Wijesundera1, AJ Hilmi3, SAM

Kularatne4, AP Jayasooriya2, RPVJ Rajapakse1
1
2
Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of
3
Cancer Treatment Centre, Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
The seed lipids of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) contain a conjugated trienoic fatty acid called
α-Eleostearic acid (α-ESA), which is reported with a potent anti-carcinogenic property. The present
study was performed to evaluate inhibitory effects of α-ESA rich bitter melon lipids on
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 8 week old female rats were divided into 3 groups as G1, G2 and
G3. HCC was induced in G2 and G3 by intra-peritoneal injection of DEN (30mg/kg) followed by 6
weeks oral treatment of TAA (45mg/kg). G1 was not given any treatment. After the HCC induction,
G3 was given seed lipids (100µl/day) for 3 months. Behavioral changes, feed and water intake was
monitored. After sacrificing, samples were collected for haematological (WBC/DC), biochemical
(SGOT/SGPT/Creatinine) and histopathological (size of neoplastic foci) investigations. Ethical
approval was received by the ethical review committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and
Animal Science, University of Peradeniya. Induction of HCC resulted in behavioral changes, reduction
of body weights and elevations of SGOT, SGPT levels. Hepatic enlargements with nodules were
observed in G2 and G3. The appearance of liver samples in G1 was small and without nodules.
However, the appearance of nodules in G3 was less intensive as compared with G2. The reduced size
of neoplastic foci of G3 compared with G2 was further confirmed by histopathology. The current
finding further supports the anti-cancer effects of α-ESA rich bitter melon lipids, and further studies
are highly warranted for exploration of possible mode of action and further human clinical trials.
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, bitter melon, α-Eleostearic acid, anticarcinogenic
111
OP 09-21: Protective effects of virgin coconut oil against Hepatosteatosis and lipid peroxidation in
Wistar rats
HAE Samaranayake1, RMUS Ratnayake2, R Karunakaran3, PB Galhena4, S Chackrewarthy4

1
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress are the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary fat influence triglyceride
deposition in the liver and the progression to NAFLD. Studies have demonstrated a protective effect
of some dietary oils against NAFLD. Coconut oil is a widely used dietary oil with applications in
traditional medicine. The present study investigated the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and white
coconut oil (WCO) on hepatosteatosis and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats. Five groups of male
Wistar rats (5 rats/ group) were maintained on five test diets containing soya oil (2 %) as control,
VCO (2 %), WCO (2 %), VCO (4 %) and WCO (4 %). After 22 weeks, rats were euthanized and livers
were collected. Lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay as malonaldehyde (MDA) nmol/g protein and
histopathological assessment for the degree of steatosis was done. Data were analysed by ANOVA
using SPSS. With the increase of VCO from 2 to 4%, hepatic MDA levels significantly decreased
(18.7±1.7 vs 14.9±2.7, p<0.05). In comparison with 4% VCO, 4% WCO resulted in a significantly
higher level of lipid peroxidation (14.9±2.7 vs 23.7±6.0, p<0.05). The rats on 4% WCO showed
significant hepatic steatosis compared with 4% VCO diet (27.5 % vs 3.1 %, p<0.05). In conclusion,
VCO exerts a protective effect on the liver by reducing lipid peroxidation and steatosis in Wistar rats.
Due to its high antioxidant potential, VCO could be effective in the treatment and/or prevention of
hepatosteatosis.
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lipid peroxidation, Hepatosteatosis
OP 09-22: Hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract

of Adenanthera pavonina (Fabaceae) in rats
RK Dissanayake1, MDJ Wijayabandara2, WD Ratnasooriya3

1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka and Institute of
Nanotechnology, Sri Lanka
2
Pharmacy Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri
Lanka
According to Sri Lankan folk medicine, mature leaves of Adenanthera pavonina is claimed to possess
blood glucose lowering potentials. As such, this study investigated the hypoglycaemic properties and
toxicology of hot water extract (HWE) of A. pavonina mature leaves using rats. Different doses of
HWE (500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg) or 1 ml distilled water (negative control) or 22.5 mg/kg of
tolbutamide (positive control) were orally administrated to normo-glycaemic rats and their fasting
(n=6 per group), random (n=6) and post-prandial (n=6 per group/after a 5 ml/kg 50% oral glucose)
112
serum glucose levels were determined at hourly intervals for 4 hours using standard procedures.
Acute and sub chronic (21 days) toxicities were evaluated including overt signs of toxicity,
hepatotoxicity (SGOT and SGPT), neurotoxicity (bridge and bar test) and nephrotoxicity (serum
creatinine and urea). The results showed that HWE of leaves possesses significant (P < 0.05)
hypoglycaemic effects in both fasted (all 3 doses, up to 2 h) and fed (only mid dose tested, up to 2 h)
rats, and antihyperglycaemic effect (all doses, up to 3 h following glucose challenge). Except for the
production of watery stools, the extract was well tolerated without significant toxicity. It is
concluded that A. pavonina leaves exhibit safe oral hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic activities
supporting its use in Sri Lankan folk medicine in the treatment for diabetic conditions.
Keywords: A. pavonina, diabetes, antihyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, Sri Lanka
OP 09-23: Phytochemical, physicochemical and bioactivity of Halosarcia indica (Willd.) Paul

G.Wilson (Amaranthaceae) - A potential herbal salt production plant
RM Dharmadasa, R. I. Dissanayaka, P Ranasinghe, P K Dissanayake

Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
Halosarcia indica (Willd.) Paul G.Wilson (Amaranthaceae) is a succulent, salt tolerant plant
distributed in coastal areas in different parts of the world. Even though it has been used as a food
ingredient in many countries, scientific information on bioactivity and other pharmacognostic
parameters are scattered or lacking. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the
morphological, phytochemical, physico-chemical, metal content and bioactivity of Halosarcia indica.
Physicochemical, phytochemical analyses were carried out as described by WHO standards. Total
phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) were carried out by previously published
protocols. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)
Radical Scavenging Assay, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Assay and Ferric Reducing
Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay. TAC of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of different maturity stages
tested by FRAP, DPPH and ORAC assays were varied among different maturity stages. All
physicochemical parameters were in acceptance levels. The plant exhibited the higher sodium
(11.09%) content and interestingly no cadmium, lead and arsenic were detected in any maturity
stages. Since the plant contain the higher content of sodium and free from heavy metals, there is an
immense potential of use of H. indica as an herbal salt in coming future.
Keywords: Ameranthaceae, Halosarcia indica, total antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid content,
total phenol content.
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OP 09-24: Tabernaemontana divaricate illustrating potent anticancer activity in HER2 positive
SKBR3 breast cancer cells
AI Kuruppu1, M Al-Hayali, L Zhang, C Parmenter, N Weston, L Turyanska, TD Bradshaw

1
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka and Center for biomolecular sciences,
University of Nottingham, UK
2
Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre - University of Nottingham, UK
3
Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, UK
Plants play an important part in human health. The use of plant based natural products for the
treatment of cancer has been prevailing. Currently, > 50% of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are
natural-product derived. Previous research has shown that certain plant species in the Apocynaceae
family possess anticancer activities. Therefore, the anticancer effect of leaves and stems of
Tabernaemontana divaricate were investigated. Methods- Leaves and stems of T. divaricate were
collected from Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ethical approval was obtained from the Department of Forest, Sri
Lanka. Finely powered dried leaves and stems were subjected to ethanol extractions. MTT,
Clonogenic, Cell cycle, Apoptosis, Gamma H2AX, Confocal microscopy, Cell migration, Reactive
oxygen species (ROS), Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were used to determine
activity. HER2 + SKBR3 cell line showed the best sensitivity (GI50 -leaf extract: 6.89 µg/ml ± 1.72;
stem extract: 12.49 µg/ml ± 4.04). Clonogenic assays showed low colony formation (P≤0.01). Both
leaf and stem extracts caused G1 arrests in cell cycle analysis (p≤0.0001). Slight amounts of
apoptotic cells with leaf and stem extracts were found (p≤0.01). Further, the leaf extract caused
minor amounts of DNA double strand breaks by gamma H2AX analysis (p≤0.0001). Both extracts
showed low SKBR3 cell migration (p≤0.0001). Leaf extract was able to generate high levels of ROS
(p0.001). ESEM demonstrated morphological differences in treated SKBR3 cells. These results are
promising for HER2 positive breast cancer. Further investigations are being conducted to isolate
chemical compounds from this plant species for cancer therapy.
Keywords: natural products, breast cancer, i- vitro assays
OP 09-25: Evaluating the anti-cancer properties of aqueous extracts from three seaweeds namely,
Caulerparacemosa, Gracilariacorticata and Sargassumillicifolium by in-vitro studies
TH Ranahewa1, RRMKK Wijesundera1, AD Premarathna1, V Wijewardana2, KJK Karunathilake1, LJPAP

Jayasooriya3, RPVJ Rajapakse1
1
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine and Animal Science, University of
2
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine and Animal Science, University of
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna, Austria
3
Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary medicine and Animal Science, University of
The incidence of cancer has increased steadily and it is a debilitating disease. Seaweeds are
reservoirs of bioactive compounds and are utilized as herbal medicine to treat many diseases in
many countries. The current study was conducted to determine the anti-cancer properties of three
selected seaweed species (in-vitro). MTT assay was performed on primary mice fibroblasts and HeLa
114
cells treated with seaweed extracts (3 mg/ml) after 24 and 48 hours. The growth inhibition rate was
compared with controls (treated only with distilled water). DNA-intercalate fluorescent dyes;
Acridine Orange and Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) were used to assess the percentage of apoptotic
cells in targeted 100 cells under fluorescence microscope. All seaweeds showed a significant
(p<0.05) positive effect on proliferation of primary cells and growth inhibition on HeLa cells after 48
hours. AO/EB staining showed that all three extracts resulted in a significant apoptosis induction in
HeLa cells at 24 and 48 hours and apoptotic bodies were also observed after 48 hours but these
changes were not observed in primary cells. This data suggests that tested aqueous seaweed
extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. Furthermore, apoptosis induced cell death was
observed. This preliminary investigation revealed that these selected seaweed species could be
potential candidates for cancer therapy. Thus, further studies are highly warranted on the anti-
cancer properties of these seaweed species
Keywords: seaweeds, anti-cancer, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, in-vitro
OP 09-26: Screening anticancer activity of a selected endolichenic fungus (Xylaria psidii) and
isolation of active compounds for NCI-H292 lung cancer cells
S Sinthujah1, HAK Maduranga1, SR Samarakoon2, KH Tennakoon2, RN Attanayake3,

G Weerakoon4, PA Paranagama1
1
2
Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Botany, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
4
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Cancer is a dreadful disease affecting both developed and developing countries and is now one of
the leading causes of deaths. Therefore, it is imperative to search for anti-cancer drugs in the
treatment of cancers. Preparations of endolichenic fungi (ELF) extracts are commonly used to search
for anticancer activity. In this study, the ELF was isolated and molecular identification was carried
out following standard procedure. Fungal strain had 99% similarity to the Xylaria psidii in the
GenBank sequences and based on morphology and sequence data it was identified as Xylaria psidii.
Sequence was deposited in the GenBank (MF773655). Secondary metabolites of isolate were
extracted with ethylacetate. As the preliminary screening, crude extract of selected fungal isolate
was evaluated for the anticancer activity against NCI-H292 lung cancer cells. Sulforhodamine B (SRB)
assay, which employs a protein binding amino xanthene dye, to provide a quantitative analysis of
viable cells in a culture was used to screen the efficacy of the crude extract at12.5ppm, 25ppm,
50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm concentrations. Chloroform and methanol fractions of the crude
extract (100ppm and 200ppm) obtained by partition were positive for the SRB assay. Compounds
were isolated using silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography
(PTLC). Cytotoxicity of each compound obtained from the crude extract of the fungus was
determined using SRB assay following standard protocols. Survival percentage of the cells was
calculated. IC50 values of crude extract was 34.72ppm. One compound showed the highest
anticancer activity compared to the other compounds, giving promising results to find new
anticancer drug and further studies on structure elucidation is ongoing.
Keywords: cytotoxicity, SRB assay, Xylaria psidii
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OP 09-27: Synergistic anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm activity of Alpinia malaccensis and Terminalia
catappa
T Somarathna1, NS Weerakkody2, KKDS Ranaweera3

1
Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open
University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate Studies,
2
Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open
University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka
Cross-contamination of bacterial biofilms creates many problems in the health and food industry.
Also the emergence of multi drug resistant bacteria has led to the discovery of alternatives using
natural biomolecules. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro synergistic
antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of crude plant extract of Alpinia malaccensis and Terminalia
catappa. Staphylococus aureus 113 was used to evaluate synergistic antibacterial activity and anti-
biofilm activity of A. malaccensis and T. catappa. Synergistic antibacterial activity was assessed using
macro broth dilution and well diffusion method. Antibiofilm activity was determined by 96 well
microtiter-plate techniques with crystal violet staining. Further, antibiofilm activity was confirmed
using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Crude plant extract of A. malaccensis (2.5 mg/ml) and T.
catappa (20 mg/ml) showed significant (P<0.05) synergistic antibacterial activity against tested S.
aureus at 48 h in plantonic forms where > 2 log reduction was observed than if they were used
alone. A. malaccensis at concentration 20 mg/ml inhibited cell attachment (98.5 %), growth (81.1 %)
and bio film formation (73.5 %) of S. aureus. SEM observations showed morphological deformities,
cell aggregations and cell disruptions at 20 mg/ml A. malaccensis. In contrast, combination of 20
mg/ml of T. catappa and 5 mg/ ml of A. malaccensis showed inhibition of biofilm cell attachment by
98 %, growth inhibition by 91% and biofilm formation inhibition by 69% against S. aureus. The
combination of A. malaccensis and T. catappa showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.
Keywords: A. malaccensis, T. catappa, S. aureus, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity
OP 09-28: Differential proliferative activity of selected herbal distillates on human mesenchymal

stem cells and hair follicle derived cells
P Ratnayake1, V Udalamaththa1, U Samaratunga2, S Wijeratne3, P Soysa4, J Senevirathne5, P

Udagama1
1
Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Ayurveda Basic Principals, Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute
University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
5
Dermatology unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Sri Lanka
Synthetic and semi-biological stimulants are used to proliferate and differentiate different cell types
for a range of cellular therapies; yet side effects and toxicity of the repeated dosages used and
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unavailability of these in developing countries due to exorbitant pricing strongly warrants the search
for natural alternatives. This study investigated the proliferative activity ofFicus benghlalensis(FB)
and Gymnema/Vernoina (GV) herbal distillates on primary cell cultures of cord tissue derived in
house established human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human hair follicle derived cells
(hHFCs). hMSCs and hHFCs were isolated using explant method. hMSCs were functionally
characterized and genetic stability was confirmed by karyotyping. Both FB and GV distillates were
prepared according to existing Ayurvedic literature. MTT assay investigated the proliferative activity
of different FB and GV concentrations on hMSCs and hHFCs. OD values at 540nm, obtained by a
microplate reader were used to statistically analyze the results using Kruskal Wallis test in SPSS
version 20.0. Compared to untreated cells (control), FB demonstrated significantly higher hMSC
proliferative activity at 0.4% (p<0.05), while no significant difference was observed on hHFCs at all
tested concentrations (1.25%-10%)(p>0.05) . Conversely, GV demonstrated significantly higher hHFC
proliferative activity at 5% compared to both control and positive control (bFGF) (p<0.05), which was
not evident on hMSC proliferation (p>0.05). This prototype study suggests that selected herbal
extracts at specific concentrations may be used as potential stimulants for hMSC and hHFC
proliferation by further validation and standardization of activity guided fractions of the tested
herbal distillates.
Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, hair follicle derived cells, herbal distillates
OP 09-29: A comparative study of in-vitro thrombolytic activity of the plant extracts from
Hippeastrum puniceum (Wal lunu) and Crinum asiaticum (Tholabo)
SK Hettihewa1, NDD Silva1, LM Hettihewa2

1
Pharmacy programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Formation of thrombi inside the blood vessels leads to infarction of vital organs which can cause
death and is a serious medical problem worldwide. Since the available thrombolytic agents such as
streptokinase have severe adverse effects, the global concern is to develop natural thrombolytic
agents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the in vitro thrombolytic activity of
Hippeastrum puniceum and Crinum asiaticum. Dried leaves and bulbs of Hippeastrum puniceum and
dried leaves of Crinum asiaticum were extracted into methanol and dichloromethane separately.
The crude extracts were concentrated using rotary evaporator followed by preparation of dilution
series of crude extracts. Phloem sap of C. asiaticum was collected aseptically in to a flask on ice-salt
mixture. The thrombolytic activity of plant extracts and sap was performed by an in vitro
thrombolytic model where streptokinase and phosphate buffered saline were used as positive
control and negative control respectively. The phloem sap of C.asiaticum exhibited a promising clot
lysis percentage of 49.39% (± 4.129) while the other extracts showed moderately higher percentage
of clot lysis compared to streptokinase 61.878% (± 3.370) and phosphate buffered saline 11.188% (±
2.169). In this study, it is concluded that the C.asiaticum plant extracts used possess remarkable
thrombolytic activity. It is recommended to observe in vivo clot lysis potential and to isolate the
natural components of these extracts.
Keywords: streptokinase, thrombolytic activity, clot lysis, Crinum asiaticum, Hippeastrum puniceum
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OP 09-31: Bergenin; a potent natural scaffold for designing K-RAS G12C mutant protein inhibitors
in the cancer treatments as revealed by computational studies
CR Herath, RS Jayakody
Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Sri Lanka
Point mutation G12C of K-RAS gene is the most frequent mutation of K-RAS, which is detected in
90% of pancreatic cancers, 40% of colon cancers and 20% of non–small cell lung cancers. K-RAS was
labeled undruggable due its extremely higher affinity to the natural substrate GTP. However, recent
studies show that small molecule inhibitors can be developed to disable K-RAS in non-conventional
ways. In this study, it was attempted investigate the possibilities of using Bergenin to design novel K-
RAS inhibitors. Bergenin is a C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl Gallic Acid is isolated from different tropical
medicinal plants. Different parts of these plants are commonly used for treating cancer and many
other diseases in the traditional systems of medicine. Dynamic behavior of the K-RAS G12C mutant
protein was studied using a 200 ns long Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Bergenin was docked in to
the relaxed KRG12C using automated molecular docking. It was found that Bergenin binds to an
allosteric binding site which is closer to the natural substrate binding pocket with a high binding
energy. It is predicted that binding of Bergenin to K-RAS will destabilize the K-RAS-GTP complex and
allosterically affect the binding of GTP to K-RAS. The binding location of Bergenin is indicative of
inhibition of the binding of B-RAF to K-RAS which will in return shut down the cancer promoting
signal transduction. Therefore, this study shows the possibility of using Bergenin as a scaffold to
develop a potential allosteric modifier to inhibit the aggressive cancerous activity of K-RAS G12C
mutant protein.
Keywords: K-ras G12C mutant protein, Bergenin, cancer, computational study
OP 09-32: Trans-cranial route of drug delivery in ancient wisdom of Ayurveda: A case study
V Seneviratne
Ayurveda Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka
Unique treatment modalities have been used as head therapies in the Indigenous System of
Medicine (IMS) for centuries to treat a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from headache to severe
nervous system disorders. Medications applied on the head are intended to target delivery on
tissues underneath. Various kinds of medicated oils and carrier base oils are used in different head
therapies. These therapies also range from therapeutic massage (Śiroabhyaṅga) to oil dripping
(Śirodhārā). Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders world-wide and is a major problem
of indoor patients, especially in the early days after admission to the wards. Since potent and
effective Ayurvedic sedatives are not available in IMS, we encounter difficulties in managing such
patients. Authentic indigenous oil was used as the test drug in this study. 15 patients were selected
for the study. A volume of 15 ml oil was applied on scalp over three vital points twice a day. Thumb
circular massage technique was performed for 15 minutes. The insomnia severity index (ISI), short
subjective instrument was used to assess the severity. The mean and range of participants’ ages
were 47 – 67 years and all were males. Results show a significant clinical improvement in reducing
the severity of insomnia status among patients (p<0.05). Forty per cent of patients improved from
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severe level to sub-threshold insomnia, 47 per cent severe level to moderate severity insomnia
within 3-5 days duration and 13 per cent showed no improvement. Hence, it can be concluded that
the treatment used to treat insomnia was effective and could be developed as a novelty route of
drug delivering.
Keywords: Centella asciatica, insomnia, insomnia severity index
OP 09-33: Proximate composition and potential antioxidant capacity of enzymatic extract from
marine snail Chorus spp (chomsora) meat and visceral mass
RMS Gunathilaka1, G Ahn2

1
Interdisciplinary center for innovation of Biotechnology & Neuroscience Genetic diagnostic & Research
Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
Chorus spp (chomsora) is a traditionally consumed gastropoda marine snail in east asia. It is known
for good heath and increasing nutritional and economic importance. However, there is limited
information on their nutritional composition. This study highlighted and provided new information
on the proximate composition and antioxidant potential of different body parts of Chorus spp
(chomsora). As proximate analysis showed, Chorus spp (chomsora) contained a % moisture content
of 2.04±0.01 & 3.15±0.66, % protein content of 40.65±1.70 & 52.35±2.68, and % lipid content of
2.10±0.18 & 29.30±0.63 in meat and visceral mass respectively. The highest estimated yield
recorded was 87.79±0.88 (Alcalase) & 92.77±2.70 (Pepsin) in meat and visceral mass respectively. In
meat, the highest protein %, Carbohydrate % and phenol contents % among enzymatic hydrolysates
were 3.93±0.03(pepsin) , 15.93±1.38(H.W. 100 °C) and 10.71±0.85(Alcalase) respectively. In visceral
mass, the highest protein %, Carbohydrate % and phenol contents % among enzymatic hydrolysates
were 52.77±0.60 (Trypsin) , 5.93±0.00(H.W. 100 °C) and 4.43±0.19 (Protomex) respectively. Among
meat hydrolysates, Trypsin and Pepsin where in visceral mass hydrolysates RT.W. 28 °C, flavourzyme
recorded highest % DPPH radical scavenging activity & % ABTS radical scavenging activity
respectively. A significantly higher concentration of nutritional elements such as fat and proteins
were found in the visceral mass than those in the meat, where significantly high concentrations of
carbohydrates and phenolic compounds were present. The edible tissues including meat and visceral
mass were valuable sources of proteins and antioxidants. Chorusspp (chomsora) may have a
potential to become a very interesting source for some proteins and flavor peptide development,
and the edible parts of Chorus spp (chomsora) may be utilized for special dietary applications
requiring high amounts of amino acids.
Keywords: marine snail; chorus spp (chomsora), proximate composition; DPPH; ABTS+
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OP 09-34: Evaluation of the potential antioxidant properties of MMYACH choorna: A novel
ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation
HP Wakkumbura1, WMD Wickramaarachchi2, LDAM Arawwawala3, JA Liyanage4, RPVJ Rajapakse2

1
Department of Kaumarabruthya & Stree Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2
Peradeniya, Sri Lnaka
3
4
Experimental evidence suggests that free radicals can be involved in a high number of diseases,
including inflammation. As plants produce a lot of antioxidants to control the oxidative stress caused
by sunbeams and oxygen, they can represent a source of new compounds with antioxidant activity.
Therefore herbal compounds with good anti-oxidant properties are of great demand in the health
sector. MMYACH choorna is a novel ayurvedic formulation of 9 Sri Lankan medicinal plants tested for
usage as an anti-inflammatory drug, the composition of which cannot be revealed yet due to
application of patent rights. An attempt was taken to investigate the antioxidant properties [in terms
of TPC: total polyphenolic content, ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity, DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-
picryl-hydrazyl and ABTS: 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and diammonium
salt] of hot water extract of MMYACH choorna using in vitro antioxidant assays. Fifty grams of
choorna was taken into a round bottom flask and 150 ml of distilled water was added and refluxed
for 3 h. Afterwards, the extract was filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated and freeze dried.
Freeze dried extract was subjected to antioxidant assays. Results revealed that the total
polyphenolic content, antioxidant properties according to ORAC, DPPH and ABTS of MMYACH
choorna were, 103.65 ± 4.94 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, 481.11 ± 17.30 mg Trolox
equivalents/g of extract, 79.50 ± 4.42 mg Trolox equivalents/g of extract and 198.20 ± 4.55 mg
Trolox equivalents/g of extract respectively. According to these results it can be concluded that
MMYACH choorna is rich in antioxidant properties.
Keywords: ayurveda, antioxidants, free radicals
OP 09-35: Identification of the secondary metabolites present in the calli of Munronia pinnata
NS Hapuarachchi1, SD Hapuarachchi2, WTPSK Senerath1

1
2
Munronia pinnata (Binkohomba) is a valuable medicinal plant that is being widely used in Ayurveda
and which possesses a variety of medicinal properties. This plant is being overexploited due to its
high demand, therefore micro propagation is being practiced as a solution. The objective of this
study was to extract and identify some major secondary metabolites found in calli of Munronia
pinnata. Calli obtained from the explants, leaf discs, petals and immature seeds via in vitro
propagation were extracted into methanol and water. These calli samples were subjected to TLC,
HPTLC, GC-MS and some preliminary phytochemical tests. The TLC for all three calli samples (Rf
values 0.15, 0.31) gave the same results, showing the presence of terpenoids. The results from the
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preliminary chemical tests showed that aqueous extracts of all three calli samples were positive for
flavonoids and the leaf and seed calli were positive for tannins. The methanol extracts of petal and
seed calli samples were positive for steroids. The GC-MS analysis gave the chemical compounds
present in the samples of leaf and petal calli as well as the mother plant. An HPTLC fingerprint of the
methanol extracts of all three samples and that of the mother plant was also obtained. Thereby, it
was concluded that major secondary metabolites present in M. pinnata such as terpenoids, steroids,
tannins and flavonoids could be extracted at the callus stage. Optimization of the culture medium
conditions and extraction methods could increase the amount of the chemical compounds extracted
by the calli.
Keywords: M. pinnata, calli, HPTLC, GC-MS, TLC
OP 09-36: Effect of Hercough syrup in the management of chronic cough- A case series
KGP Wijesekara1, GUA Kumara2

1
2
Kaumarabhritya and Striroga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Cough is a protective reflex action that clears large breathing passages from fluid, irritants, foreign
particles and microbes. According to the duration, cough can be classified as acute, sub-acute and
chronic. If any kind of cough lasts more than eight weeksit can be considered as chronic cough. This
Hercough syrup contains Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, Adhatoda vasica Linn, Zingiber officinale Linn,
Solanum virginianum Linn, Pipper longum Linn, Solunum melongena Linn and Curcuma longa Linn.
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Hercough syrup in the management of chronic
cough. Thirty patients who were diagnosed with chronic cough were selected from Colombo,
Trincomalee, Jaffna, Badulla and Galle districts. After obtaining a detailed history and complete
physical examination they were informed regarding the aim of the present study and action of the
drug. Then all patients were treated with 15ml of Hercough syrup two times a day for the period of
fourteen days continuously. Assessment was done before treatment, during the trial and after
treatment. Patients were also examined one month after the treatment as a follow up period.
Collected data were statistically analyzed. According to the result of data analysis, Hercough syrup
was found to be effective for the management of chronic cough.
Keywords: chronic cough, cough syrup, protective reflex
OP 09-37: A potent antibacterial agent (-)-hardwickii acid from the leaves of Croton oblongifolius
Roxb
K Wijesekera
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Croton oblongifolius Roxb (COR) has been used as a traditional medicine for dysmenorrhea, as a
purgative, and to treat dyspepsia and dysentery. Moreover, in conjunction with C.sublyratus, it has
been used to treat gastric ulcers and gastric cancers. COR is a rich source of diterpenes which
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possesses various biological activities. Infectious and non-communicable diseases are emerging and
are responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. In the case of infectious diseases, the development
of drug resistant microbes has created a dangerous situation. Therefore, the need of new drugs with
better curing capacities is clear and the current research uses natural products as an essential
component in the search for new therapeutic agents. Leaves of C. oblongifolius were collected from
Nakhonsawan province, Thailand and powdered, air-dried leaves were macerated with
dichloromethane to yield a crude extract which was subjected to several chromatographic
techniques. Structure of the compound isolated was established with the aids of spectroscopic data.
Biological activities including cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities were evaluated with standard
procedures. Chromatographic separations have led to the isolation of (-)-hardwickii acid and was
inactive for cytotoxic assays. However, it showed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus
with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56μg/mL with the standard drugs tetracycline
and vancomycin having MICs of 6.25 and 3.15μg/mL, respectively. (-)-hardwickii acid is a potential
candidate to treat infectious diseases.
Keywords: cytotoxicity, diterpenes, MIC
OP 09-38: Studies on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of Osbeckia octandra: An

endemic, hepatoprotective traditional healer
HDSM Perera1, R Samarasekera1, S Handunnetti2, OVDSJ Weerasena2, A Jabeen3, MI Choudhary4

1
2
Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and
Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
4
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, and Dr.
Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological
Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
Osbeckia octandra is an endemic Sri Lankan medicinal plant, traditionally used to treat liver diseases.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are strongly associated with liver diseases. The present study
focused on investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of O. octandra. Ethanolic
leaf extract (ELE) was used to study the inhibition of selected inflammatory mechanisms,
prominently associated with liver diseases namely, cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2), arachidonate-5-
lipoxygenase, inducible nitric oxide (iNO) production, oxidative burst (OB) on human whole blood
(WB) and isolated polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Anti-oxidant potential was determined
with the means of DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP), oxygen
radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content
(TFC). The results were statistically analysed. ELE showed promising, dose-dependent COX-2
inhibition (IC50:12.120.50 g/mL) and A5-LOX inhibition (IC50:24.730.36 g/mL), indicating
significant inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid cascade. ELE exhibited a strong OB inhibition on WB
(IC50:23.760.02 g/mL) and PMNs (IC50:4.500.89 g/mL; Ibuprofen IC50:5.120.45 g/mL). The
suppression of NO production was found to be low at 500 g/mL (6.950.21 %; Cell viability: > 85 %).
ELE possessed remarkable anti-oxidant potential with high DPPH free radical scavenging activity
(IC50:7.220.33 g/mL), FRAP (3607.52.5 mg TE/g) and ORAC (942.869.52 TE/g) attributed to high
122
TPC (237.352.18 mg GAE) and TFC (32.650.50 QE/g). The results were significant at p<0.05. The
study demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of ELE of O. octandra, thus
supporting traditional use. The leaves could be promoted as a natural health enhancing food based
on promising bio-active properties observed in the present study.
Keywords: Cycloxygenase-2, Arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, nitric oxide, oxidative burst, anti-oxidant
OP 09-39: A study on the potential anticancer activity of Plumeria rubra
AI Kuruppu1, M Al-Hayali2, L Zhang2, L Turyanska3, TD Bradshaw2

1
Interdisciplinary Center for Innovations in Biotechnology & Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham,
United Kingdom
2
Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
3
Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Cancer remains a global burden. The discovery of novel anticancer agents from natural sources
remains pivotal. Plumeriarubra is commonly found in Sri Lanka and this plant belongs to the
Apocynaceae family. This family is found to possess anticancer activity. Thus we tested the
anticancer effect of leaves and stems of this species. Leaves and stems of P. rubra were collected
from Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ethical approval was obtained from the Department of Forestry, Sri Lanka.
Finely powdered dried leaves and stems were subjected to ethanol extractions. MTT, clonogenic
assay, cell cycle, apoptosis, gamma H2AX, cell migration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were
used to determine anticancer activity. The leaf extract inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell
lines, especially HER2+ SKBR3 cells by MTT assay (GI50= 17.45 µg/ml ± 2.05). However, the stem
extract was not active. Thus, further investigations were carried using P. rubra leaf extract. It was
found that 2x GI50 of the leaf extract completely inhibited colony formation in clonogenic assay
(p<0.0001). The leaf extract was able to block the G1 phase (84%) compared to control (75%)
(p<0.0001). A significant apoptotic population was also observed in cells that were treated with the
leaf extract (7%) compared to control (3%) (p<0.0001). This agent was able to cause a minor amount
of DNA double strand breaks by gamma H2AX analysis (p<0.05) and it further generated high levels
of ROS in cells (p<0.001). In conclusion, we have found that P. rubra leaves possess some anti-cancer
activity, thus further work is warranted to isolate chemical compounds from this plant species.
Keywords: natural products, breast cancer, in-vitro experiments
OP 09-40: Saraca asoca as a potential inhibitor of glycation and glycation induced cross-linking
O Dheerasekera1, HKI Perera2

1
Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formed as a result of non-enzymatic glycation are key
mediators of the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications and acceleration of skin ageing.
Some of the AGEs lead to intermolecular cross-linking, affecting the structure and function of
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affected molecules. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Saraca
asoca (SA) extracts on glycation and glycation induced cross-linking. Methanol extracts of seed, bark
and leaves of SA were prepared. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were incubated with 0.5
M fructose at 37°C and pH 7.4 for 21 days, in the presence or absence of different concentrations
(0.05 - 1 mg/mL) of extracts. Appropriate controls and the standard inhibitor aminoguanidine
(1mg/mL) were used. Aliquots of BSA incubations were analyzed using native polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (PAGE) and those of lysozyme incubations were analyzed using sodium dodecyl
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Glycated BSA showed an increase in migration.
Cross-linked products of lysozyme were observed as high molecular bands. All three SA extracts
showed inhibitory effects on glycation and glycation induced protein cross-linking at 1 and 0.1
mg/mL. At 0.05 mg/mL, inhibitory effects of bark and leaf extracts were reduced while the effect of
seed extract remained. In conclusion, SA seed, bark and leaf extracts showed potential inhibitory
effects on glycation and glycation induced protein cross-linking. Maximum inhibitory effects were
observed in SA seed extract.
Keywords: Saraca asoca, glycation, cross-linking
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Track 10
Organic farming, cultivation, propagation and conservation of
medicinal plants
125
Medicinal Plants in India: Diversity, Distribution and their
Conservation Approaches
Dr. Velusamy Sundaresan
CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre,

Bangalore – 560065 India.
Medicinal plants are one of the most sensitive commodity areas of research exhibiting
diverse life forms and occurring under varied ecologies practically occupying all floristic
regions of the world today. India is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources among
12 mega-biodiversity countries of the world and Western Ghats stands as a one of the
richest biodiversityhotspots. All cultures from ancient times to the present day have used
plants as a source of medicines. Developing markets for herbal products, particularly those
that are harvested from the wild, can trigger a demand that cannot be met by available or
legal supplies and demands a conservation initiative.The most serious proximate threats
when extracting medicinal plants generally are habitat loss, habitat degradation, and over
harvesting. Conscious efforts to conserve and protect global biodiversity are a concerned
phenomenon. A range of strategies have been employed in recent decades to build upon
this interest and address conservation issues associated with medicinal plants. These
include international and national policy processes, programs to support in situ
conservation of species both within and outside conservation areas; ex-situ techniques
involving seed banks, gene banks, and cryopreservation and conducting ethno medical
survey to explore utilization of medicinal plants. Conservation of medicinal plants in its
biocultural perspective not only implies conservation of biodiversity but also places an
equal emphasis on conservation of cultural diversity. The overall conclusion of the
presentation is to initiate and support for conservation management and to promote in-
situ and ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants in and around site of global significance.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Herbal products, Habitat degradation, over harvesting
126
Importance of Taxonomical Identification Associated with
Herbs used in Indigenous Systems of Medicines in Sri Lanka
Assoc. Prof. Piyal Marasinghe
Associate Professor, Advisor, Medicinal Plants Conservation and

Cultivation Program, Provincial Department of Ayurveda, Provincial
Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine, Uva Province, Sri Lanka
Medicinal Plants, which are used for Traditional Systems of Medicine in Sri Lanka, have
different local names in different regions of the Island. Tamil and Sinhalese names which are
popularly applied for these herbs, but more than one nameare locally engaged for a single
plant, by villagers or indigenous physicians who collect and prescribe drugs for treating their
patients. Therefore, Correct Botanical Identification of any medicinal plant, which may be
selected to undergo research, for the benefit of global health, should confirm whether the
species is common or rare. Fixation of the accepted botanical name for a plant can be done
through its Taxonomical Identification. Plant taxonomy is nothing but the subject called
Systematic Botany that is involved with scientific techniques to search morphological
characters carefully, for ranking a given plant up to the Family, Genus, Species and Sub-
species etc. The Taxonomic Rank of a plant starts from the Kingdom, then the Division, Class,
Order, Family, Genus and finally ends with Species name. Further those can be dived into Sub
Kingdoms, Sub Divisions up to Sub Species and even variety level. Present methodology that
we follow to write a Botanical Name was introduced by the great Botanist Linnaeus during
the year 1750, which he called Binomial Nomenclature. In this method, a name includes the
Genus, Species followed by the Author or Authors who are involved with naming or
renaming the plant after scientific investigations. For example, the scientific name of
Suduhandun, Swetha Chandana or White Sandalwood can be written as Santalum album
Linn. Here in this name Santalum is the Genus, album the Species and Linn. indicates the
author’s name in short form. But different species can be identified according to the
arrangement of stamens. Comparing Cassia fistula Linn. [Ehala], with Cassia auriculata Linn.
known as Ranawara, various morphological characters can be used to separate out the
botanical identity. Taxonomical Identification of flora is not a new subject but coming from
our generations. Morphological characters of various plants were carefully observed by
grandparents and the traditional knowledge that they learnt from nature passed to the next
generation without keeping any secrets. This knowledge is sometimes hidden in legends and
associated with interesting stories.
Keywords: Taxonomical Identification, Indigenous Systems of Medicines, medicinal plants
127
OP 10-01: Proximate and nutrient analysis of domesticated and non-domesticated Momordica
charantia populations grown in Sri Lanka
KKS Withanage1, DC Abeysinghe1, RM Dharmadasa2, GA Prathapsinghe1, LJAPA Jayasooriya3

1
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
2
3
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter gourd, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and
are ascribed to possess anti-diabetic effects in the traditional systems of medicines. However,
information on proximate nutrients composition and biological activities of domesticated and non-
domesticated populations of M. charantia cultivated in Sri Lanka are scarce. Therefore, the present
study was undertaken to determine mineral content and physiochemical properties of fruits and leaf
extracts of six populations of domesticated and non-domesticated Momordica charantia; major
Thinnaweli white, Matale green, Momordicacharantia 43, Kalukaravila, Getakaravila and Small
population. Macro-elements were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The
results demonstrated that all domesticated and non-domesticated M. charantia populations tested
contained marked amounts of major and macro minerals, crude fiber, crude fat and crude protein.
Comparatively the higher amounts of nutrients were observed in leaf extracts compared to the
fruits. The mineral composition revealed that Ca was the major mineral in both fruit and leaves of all
populations followed by Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu respectively. Our findings clearly demonstrate the
suitability of the leaf as a major nutrient rich source for the nutraceutical industry.
Keywords: Cucurbitaceae, minerals, Momordica populations, proximate analysis
OP 10-02: Determination of best pruning frequency for maximum dry leaves and stems yield of
Salacia reticulate
EKEC Nayana1, S Subasinghe2, KKIU Arunakumara2, MKTK Amarasinghe2, HKMS Kumarasinghe2

1
Grain Legume and Oil Crops Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
The medicinal plant Kothalahimbatu (Salacia reticulata) plays an incomparable role with other
medicinal plants in the Ayurvedic medicinal system. S. reticulata is widely distributed within Asian
countries. In Sri Lanka, the ecological conditions of rain forests as well as near water reservoirs in dry
parts of the country provide facilities for survival in nature. The planting material collections have to
be done very carefully with full awareness of the medicinal value of the plant as well as with
knowledge of S. reticulata habitats. Unfortunately, S. reticulata is included in the IUCN red list
because of over harvesting, unsustainable harvesting and lack of care to their habitats when
collecting plants from the wild. Therefore, this study about pruning frequency is essential to the
sustainable harvesting of S. reticulata for commercial cultivation. The investigation was carried out
at the medicinal plant garden at Gamudawa, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
Before starting the experiment, all S. reticulata plants at the experimental site were pruned to the
same height (90 cm from ground level). Replicates were selected for each treatment based on the
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mean SD values and CV values of previous pruning data. Treatments were T1 – three months after
first pruning, T2 – four months after first pruning, T3 – five months after first pruning, T4 – six
months after first pruning and T5 – seven months after first pruning. Randomized Completely Block
Design (RCBD) was used with five replicates. Two pruning cycle data was used for the analysis. At the
four months pruning interval, the parameter of number of leaves was significantly higher (pr>f) than
other treatments. The significantly highest stem dry weights were recorded from five months after
pruning. The results revealed that pruning at four and five months intervals would reduce
unsustainable harvesting of leaves and stems, respectively.
Keywords: leaves, pruning frequency, S. reticulata, stems
OP 10-03: Physiochemical contents of domesticated and non-domesticated populations of

Momordica charantia L. seeds harvested at two maturity stages
AMGN Rathnayke1, DC Abeysinghe1, RM Dharmadasa2, GA Prathapasinghe3, LJAPA Jayasooriya4

1
Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka,
2
3
Faculty of Livestock Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya
Momordica charantia L is a well known therapeutically important medicinal plant belonging to the
family Cucurbitaceae. Several scientific research studies have revealed, seeds of M. charantia
contain an array of bioactive molecules and hence seeds possess anticancer, antitumor, anti-
mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Chemical
constituents vary according to species or variety, maturity stage, environmental condition and
genetic makeup. Even though several domesticated and non-domesticated populations of
M.charantia are cultivated in Sri Lanka, information on bioactive molecules present in seeds at
different maturity stages are lacking or are scattered. Therefore, the present study describes the
physiochemical constituents of six domesticated and non-domesticated populations of M. charantia
seeds harvested at mature and ripened stages. Under physiochemical composition, moisture, dry
matter, ash, crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat content were determined according to the
official AOAC methods (1990). There was significant difference (p<0.05) in moisture, dry matter, ash,
crude fat and crude protein among mature and ripened stages of Momordica seeds. While maturity
progressed, crude fat, crude protein and dry matter content were increased and moisture content
was decreased. There was no clear difference in crude fiber among mature and ripened stages. It
could be conclude that seeds of all tested Momordica charantia populations harvested at mature
and ripened stages showed the presence of physiochemical constituents and when seed developed
from a mature stage up to a ripened stage, most of the chemical constituents were increased and
hence seeds from the ripened stage in both domesticated and non-domesticated populations are
more suitable for therapeutic properties.
Keywords: Cucurbitaceae, Momordica charantia seeds, physiochemical composition
129
OP 10-04: Assessment of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different Centella
asiatica (Gotukola) morphotypes
CHWMRB Chandrasekara1, PCG Bandaranayake1, 2

1
Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Centella asiatica known as “Gotukola” is a green leafy vegetable used in Sri Lankan cuisine as well as
ayurvedic and traditional medicine. Antioxidants and some other secondary metabolites contribute
to such medicinal effects. While carotenoid and mineral content of several morphotypes of C.
assiatica have been studied previously, their biochemical properties have not been studied.
Therefore, the current study was designed to asses such properties of five different morphotypes
when they were grown in the same environmental and soil conditions. The morphotypes were
named as G-1 (heen / wel), G-2 (salad/wavy), G-3 (bush), G-4 (medium) and G-5 (giant) and grown in
soil consisting of nitrogen 1.91±0.05mg/g, phosphorous 100.49±2.39 ppm and potassium 0.84±0.02
mg/g and maintained under greenhouse conditions for four weeks. The green well grown leaves
were harvested for analysis and the nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and calcium contents were
measured with standard laboratory procedures. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity
were measured using folin ciocalteu and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays respectively. Each assay
was duplicated. Protein content of different morphotypes ranged from 26.25-35%. Potassium was
the major mineral found in all morphotypes with the average of 18.10±1.06 mg/g. The total phenolic
content ranged from 3.19-12.02 mg of GAE/100 g while the antioxidant index ranged from 6.6-20.6
%. While the highest total phenolic content was reported in G-5, the highest antioxidant index was
found in G-1. Different morpotypes possess differences in biochemical traits irrespective of the
similarities of environmental and soil conditions. Further studies are needed for identification of
overall performing genotype/s for commercial propagation.
Keywords: Centella asiatica, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content
OP 10-05: Phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of different parts of Tagetes erecta
Linn. (Asteraceae) in different populations
PMAS Perera1, DC Abeysinghe2, RM Dharmadasa3

1
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
2
Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
3
Tagetes erecta Linn, popularly known as “Marigold” belongs to the family Asteraceae and is grown
as ornamental plants and thrive in varied agro-climates. T. erecta is considered as a multipurpose
medicinal plant due to its uses, ranging from ornamental to herbal-medicinal remedies. Although T.
erecta is a multipurpose plant, information on presence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant
activity of plant parts among different populations are few and scattered. Therefore, the present
study was undertaken to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of different parts (flowers, stems, leaves and roots) of nine
Tagetes erecta populations. The TAC, TPC and TFC were determined using Ferric Reducing
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Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay, modified Folin-Ciocalteu colourimetric method and colourimetric
method respectively. All tested parts demonstrated the presence of TPC, TFC and TAC. The
significantly higher TPC, TFC, and TAC were reported in flowers, more than in other parts of the
plant, followed by Leaves>Stems>Roots respectively. The highest TPC, TFC and TAC were recorded in
population 13 (P13). TPC0, TFC, and TAC in flowers of P13 were reported as 59.04 ± 0.66amg GAE /g
DW, 88.39 ± 1.00amg RE/g DW and 446.53 ± 2.96amg TE/ g DW respectively. The results of the
present study are important for determining the suitable harvesting parts of the plant for potential
industrial use of Tagetes erecta.
Keywords: antioxidant capacity, Asteraceae, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Tagetes erecta
OP 10-06: Genetic Fingerprinting of seedlings from an open pollinated mother plant of

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon)
NMN Liyanage1, AL Ranawake1, PCG Bandaranayake2

1
Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
2
Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Cinnamomum zeylanicum known as true cinnamon has been used for culinary and medicinal
purposes for centuries. The recent scientific work has shown positive impacts on non-communicable
and communicable diseases. Further, the cinnamon based industries have gained more attention
than ever. However, for sustainability of such industries, medicinal and pharmacological applications
depend on continuous supply of quality uniform raw materials. Since cinnamon is naturally adapted
for cross pollination, identification of genetic diversity created in a single pollination event is
important for the reproducibility and traceability of products. Therefore the present study was
carried out to study the genetic diversity of mother plants and a progeny of a recently released
variety Sri Wijaya, using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) regions. Vegetatively propagated
cinnamon plantation with two varieties, Sri Wijaya and Sri Gamunu, grown in adjacent rows was the
study site. Ten ripened seeds were harvested from a Sri Wijaya plant and germinated. DNA was
extracted from seedlings, Sri Wijaya mother plant and Sri Gamunu mother plant growing next to it.
Among thirty seven ISSR primers tested and resolved on 8% polyacrylamide gels, only eight resulted
in polymorphic bands between parents. Identified polymorphic primers were used to test the
genetic diversity of seedlings. Results revealed a considerable genetic diversity among seedlings.
While some are similar to parents, others show different levels of polymorphism. Since the genetic
background and the environmental conditions decide the phenotypic variation of both primary and
secondary metabolism, genetic purity of the initial propagation material will decide both quantity
and quality of the yield.
Keywords: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, ISSR, genetic diversity, cinnamon
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132
Track 11
Regulations related to traditional and complementary medical
products and education of traditional and complementary medical
practices and practitioners
133
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and Trade in Traditional
Medicines Related to South East Aisa Region and Sri Lanka
Dr. P. K. Perera
Senior Lecturer, Head of the Department of Ayurveda Pharmacology and
Pharmaceutics, Consultant Physiscian and Clinical Pharmacologist at National
Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka,Honarary Consultant in Ayurveda
Community Medicine, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo,
Rajagiriy, Sri Lanka
and
Dr. Manisha Shridhar
World Health Organization,

Regional Office for South-East Asia, (WHO/ SEARO)
In the World Health Assembly Resolution, WHA61.21 Global strategy on public health,
innovation and intellectual property, the Member states focused on traditional medicine
and The WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014–2023. This study was undertaken to
explore and suggest possible courses of action most appropriate for member states of
the South East Region (SEAR) with particular reference to Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka was yet
unable to build an effective intellectual property rights regime especially for the
traditional medical sector. Therefore Sri Lankan traditional sector has to face several
difficulties especially in international trade. It has lost a number of opportunities in
history to use its own traditional medical knowledge for the benefit of future generations
due to loss of patentability in traditional knowledge. Sri Lanka has already implemented
some rules and regulations but these Acts and Ordinances are deals with natural
resources which collectively indicate a policy in favour of physical protection of natural
resources, but are not specific laws relating to medicinal plants and traditional
knowledge. Thus, there is a need to develop an alternative sui generis system which
meets the needs of the holders of traditional knowledge. It is important to develop
guidelines or laws and enforce them to ensure benefit sharing with the community for
commercial use of traditional knowledge. It should be encouraged to develop innovative
patent systems for the pharmaceutical sector. Our suggestions and findings can be the
possible course of actions for most of the member states of SEAR in IPRs and trade in
Traditional Medicines.
Keywords: sui generis, intellectual property rights, traditional medicines
134
Protection of Traditional Medical Knowledge from
Misappropriation
Dr. Danister L. Perera
ICH Expert, UNESCO

Research Scholar. PGIAR, University of Kelaniya
Chairman, National Expert Committee on Traditional Knowledge
Former Member, National Intellectual Property Advisory Commission
Former Consultant, MPCSU Project, Ministry of Indigenous Medicine
Several international conventions address the subject of IP aspects of traditional knowledge

(TK), including the CBD, ITPGR, and UNESCO convention on ICH, while the WIPO IGC initiated
to develop an international legal instrument to ensure the effective protection of TK,
genetic resources, and traditional cultural expressions. Positive protection is referred to as
“sui-generis” measures for protecting TK which involves TK holders directly acquiring IPR
using patents or alternate forms of protection. Defensive protection involves using
measures to prevent IPR from being granted to unauthorized individuals andhas largely
focused on creating databases to consider TK during "prior art" searches. In 2001, TKDL to
protect the misappropriation of TK in India became the first national initiative to create a
database, which can prevent invalid patents from being granted. TKDL largely depends on
documenting TK available as public domain in existing literature and converting it into
digitally accessible pages. This form of protection leads to domestic legislation that requires
voluntary or mandatory disclosure of TK that is incorporated into the invention being
patented and IPR of TK holders is granted in a mutually beneficial manner. In Sri Lanka
traditional medical knowledge TMK conservationproject is a national initiative proposed to
establish a digital repository of available TMK sources safeguarded with aIP protection
system that can contribute positively for the advancement of the indigenous medical sector.
This project mainly focuses on strengthening local traditions and facilitating sustainable
transmission through an effective documentation process and defensive system based on
mutually agreed terms and conditions that can prevent misappropriations. As an initiative
TMKproject envisages to establish a digital library on published TMK through printed media
and medical palm-leaf manuscripts deposited in state owned libraries.
Keywords: IPR, TMK, TKDL
135
Legal and Ethical Regulations Related to Education in Ayurveda
System of Medicine
Dr. Vanitha R. Muralikumar
President, Central Council of Indian Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, India

Government of India
Growth of any knowledge base depends on a dynamic continuum of a tripod of the creation
of new knowledge through research, effective transfer of knowledge through proactive
education, and utilization of the knowledge with good professional practice. Traditional
systems of Medicines are at an exciting stage in its development as a health care system. We
have a growing number of Institutions producing an exponential number of Ayurveda
graduates in India. India established Ministry of AYUSH in 2014 to ensure the optimal
development and propagation of AYUSH systems of health care. Earlier it was known as the
Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) which was created in
1995 and renamed as Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in 2003, with focused attention for development of Education and
Research in Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy. Central
Council of Indian Medicine is the statutory body under Ministry of AYUSH established with
the objectives to setup standards and to notify the regulations in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani
Education as well as the registration of practitioners in the country within the scope of Indian
Medicine Central Council Act 1970. In India, Standards of Institutions imparting education in
Ayurveda are regulated by notified Minimum Standard Requirements and Infrastructure
Facilities Regulations and amended from time to time. The admission process, eligibility,
duration and degrees of Under graduate as well as postgraduate in Ayurveda are regulated
by Minimum Standards in Education Regulations. Central Registration Regulations and
Professional Conduct & Code of Ethics regulate Registration and practice of practitioners
respectively. Central Council of Indian Medicine also recognizes the Degrees in Ayurveda
awarded by Universities or Board outside India and includes in II Schedule of Indian Medicine
Central Council Act 1970. Under Graduate Degrees in Ayurveda from Countries of Nepal and
Srilanka are recognized under Central Council of Indian Medicine.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy
136
Evaluation of Anti Inflammatory Activity of ‘Trikatu’
(Ayurvedic Formulation) - An Experimental Study
Prof. Amnish Verma
Vaidya-Scientist Fellow, Former Technical Consultant (WHO),

Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi
The Anti inflammatory activity of Panchkatu, an Ayurvedic formulation, was performed on
albino rats of Carrageenan induced model. 20 healthy albino rats were selected randomly
and divided into five groups , each group containing four rats were administered orally at
different dosage levels. The inflammatory reaction is readily produced in rats in the form of
paw oedema with the help of irritants. Carrageenan induced paw oedema is the most
commonly used method in experimental pharmacology. The rats of treated Group II, III, IV
and V were administered orally with Ibuprofen soln, Panchkatu 125mg/Kg Body wt,
Panchkatu 250mg/Kg Body wt, Panchkatu 500mg/Kg Body wt, respectively one hour before
injecting 1% w/v suspension of carrageenan (0.1 ml) into the sub plantar region of left hind
paw of all the five groups. Paw volume of all 20 rats were measured soon after injecting
carrageenan. The volume was again measured after 1, 2, 3, 4 & 24 hrs in all the five groups
of rats. The change in paw volume of Group I was compared with Group II, III, IV & V
Group. Also the treated Group II, III, IV, V were also compared in between and expressed as
percentage oedema inhibition by the drug. Results of the present study are based on the
oedema of hind paw of rats of all five groups measured after 1hr, 2hrs, 3hrs, 4hrs and
24hrs after carrageenan injection. After one hr of carrageenininj .Both Trial group
Panchkatu 125mg/Kg and Panchkatu 250mg/Kg have equal percent inhibition of oedema
as with Standard group (Ibuprofen) that is 42.2% while last group (Panchkatu 500mg/kg)
has higher percent inhibition of oedema(50 %) than standard (Ibuprofen) (42.2%). After
two Hrs of carrageenaninjection there is an increase in Percent inhibition of oedema with
increase in dosage of trial drug that is Panchkatu 125 mg/Kg has 27.19% , Panchkatu 250
mg/Kg has 31.49% and Panchkatu 500mg/kg has 56.69% inhibition higher than Standard
(Ibuprofen) 47.24%. After three hrs of Carrageenininj there is increase in Percent
inhibition of oedema with increase in dosage of trial drug that is Panchkatu 125 mg/Kg has
20% , Panchkatu 250 mg/Kg has 21.42% and Panchkatu 500mg/kg has 41.42% inhibition
higher than Standard (Ibuprofen) 39.28%. The maximum activity of all trial Groups were
observed during first and second hour and the results are significant ( P<0.005) and are
comparable to standard Ibuprofen. Inhibition was seen after 1 & 2 Hrs. Summarizing the
above it is concluded that Panchkatu has showed its extreme utility or significance on the
inflammation probably because of its excellent activity of inhibiting the both early released
and late released mediators which is rarely seen in any anti inflammatory formulation
Keywords: Anti inflammatory, Panchkatu, Ibuprofen, Carrageenin
137
138
Track 12
Use of modern science and technology in traditional medicine:
product development, diagnosis and treatment
139
Molecular Genetics of Migraine: New Insight into Mechanisms
that Underlie Migraine Symptoms and Action of Traditional
Medicines
Assoc. Prof. Dale R Nyholt
Associate Professor Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory,

Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of
Technology, Queensland, Australia
Throughout the world, migraine is one of the most prevalent (14%), disabling (7th leading
cause of years of life lost to disability, 3rd cause in under 50s, and 1st among neurological
disorders), misdiagnosed, and undertreated disorders, and has an enormous socio-
economic burden (highest of all neurological conditions). Yet, the exact causes of migraine
are unknown and there are no recognisable, diagnostic, pathological changes. The
heritability for migraine is estimated at approximately50%, indicating both genetic and
environmental factors play an important role in its development. In fact, migraine attacks
rarely occur spontaneously in the absence of any possible environmental trigger factors―a
recent study found 95% of migraineurs associate trigger factors with their migraine attacks.
A number of genes involved in rare and severe sub-types of migraine have been identified.
In the past few years, the number of identified genetic risk loci associated with common
migraine has expanded considerably. Recently, the largest ever migraine genetics study,
which analysed 59,674 migraine cases and 316,078 controls and detected 44 (34 new)
independent genetic risk variants for migraine; has shown that common migraine is
associated with markers related to dysfunction of various pathways, including vascular-
related pathways, metal ion homeostasis and neuronal migration. This presentation will
focus on how such large molecular geneticstudies of migraine can provide new insight into
mechanisms that underlie migraine symptoms and action of traditional medicines.
140
Epigenetic changes and Brainstem Dysfunction in
Neuropsychiatric Disorders – AD/PD/Anx
Prof. Harry W.M. Steinbusch
Dept.Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences,

Maastricht University Medical Centr, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson Disease (PD) are severe neurodegenerative
disorders resulting in progressive cognitive and motor impairments. Previous work
indicates that so-called epigenetic mechanisms (i.e. reversible changes to the DNA induced
by the environment) represent critical factors in the development and course of AD.
Moreover, the early occurrence of various neuropsychological symptoms points towards a
key role for the brainstem, a brain region known to be critically important for the
regulation of the stress response, in neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the fundamental
role of the brainstem in regulating vital functional abilities such as arousal, breathing,
autonomic nervous system activity as well as regulating all higher cerebral functions via
neurotransmitter projections systems originating in the brainstem, the role of the
brainstem has received relatively little attention in most neuropsychiatric disorders.
Improved insight in the cellular and molecular characteristics of brainstem function as well
as the link between stress, epigenetic dysregulation and the progression of AD and PD, may
lead to novel targets to better diagnose, prevent, attenuate or possibly reverse the
pathophysiology of these disordersThe current presentation aims to review the functional
neuroanatomy of the brainstem as well as the current status on findings, derived from a
wide range of studies using molecular, cellular and imaging technologies, of brainstem
involvement in neurodegenerative disorders.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson Disease, Neurodegenerative disorders,

Progressive Cognitive Impairments
141
Intermittent Fasting and Ischemic Stroke
Prof. Thiruma V. Arumugam
Associate Professor, Experimental Stroke and Inflammation Research,

Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National
University of Singapore
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary protocol where energy restriction is induced by

alternate periods of ad libitum feeding and fasting.Intermittent fasting has been proven to
extend lifespan and decrease the development and severity of age-related diseases such as
cardiovascular (e.g. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction) and
neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease). The efficacy
of IF to protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic injury involved
the coordinate upregulation of multiple neuroprotective proteins including neurotrophic
factors, such as BDNF and bFGF; protein chaperones, including Hsp70 and GRP78;
antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and HO-1, down regulation of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) and suppression of inflammasome activation at the site of
injury. We have recently performed RNA-Sequencing in order to understand global
mechanisms of protection by IF following stoke. Mice were randomly assigned to ad
libitum feeding and 16 hours/day fasting groups. Cohorts of mice in each diet group were
then subjected to sham surgery (no ischemia) or 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion
and reperfusion. Mid-section of cerebrum tissue in the ipsilateral side of the brain was
harvested at 0h, 3h, 12h, 24h and 72h of reperfusion and genome-wide mRNA expression
was quantified by RNA sequencing. Intermittent fasting for 16h/day significantly induced
pathways involved in neuroplasticity and prevented the post-stroke induction of pathways
involved in inflammation and cell death compared to ad libitum group. In conclusion,
intermittent fasting preconditions the brain by inducing neuroprotective pathways and
concurrently preventing neurotoxic pathways.
Keywords: Intermittent fasting, upregulation, neuroprotective proteins, neurotrophic

factors, stroke, neurotoxic pathways
142
Human Carcinogenesis Involves Mortalin Up-regulation:
Its Management by Herbs
Dr. Sunil Kaul
Chief Senior Research Scientist, Biomedical Research Institute, National

Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Japan
Mortalin/mthsp70 is a stress chaperone, first discovered in our laboratory while screening

for proteins associated with cellular mortal or immortal phenotype. Although not
responsive to temperature changes, it is upregulated in response to glucose deprivation,
ionizing radiation and other hyper-pigmentation stresses. Enriched in all cancer cells and
tissues, it has been shown to play life-essential functions including chaperoning,
mitochondrial import, intracellular trafficking of proteins, and is involved in control of cell
proliferation, ROS production and apoptosis. It interacts with tumor suppressor protein,
p53 in cancer cells and causes inactivation of its transcriptional activation, control of
centrosome duplication and apoptosis activities. All of these are tightly related to
carcinogenesis, cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. Other activities of mortalin such as,
activation of telomerase, hnRNP-K, and factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT) have been linked to cancer cell stemness suggesting that it is a potential
target for stress and cancer diagnosis and therapy. Indeed, mortalin siRNA was shown to
possess anti-cancer potential imploring the interest in NEW (Natural Efficient and Welfare)
anti-mortalin compounds. We present evidence thatherbs including Withania sominifera,
Helicteres angustifolia, and propolis, a popular sweet viscous substance produced by honey
bees from the tree barks they love onharbor anti-mortalin bioactives. These include
Withanolides (Withaferin-A and Withanone), Cucurbitacin B and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl
Ester (CAPE). We found that these are capable of disrupting mortalin-p53 complexes
resulting in reactivation of tumor suppressor activities of p53. Furthermore,
downregulation of mortalin and several other key regulators of cell migration accountable
for its anti-metastasis activity were detected, and were supported by in vivo tumor
suppressor assays. In light of these data and to promote the use of these herbs for health
benefits, we have generated Active Ingredient Enriched Ashwagandha extracts and PP-
Propolis (Pleasant and Premium Propolis) that possess high stability and lack repulsive
odor.
Keywords: Up regulation, Intracellular trafficking of proteins, ROS production, Apoptosis
143
OP 12-01: Linamarin encapsulated Chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and in
vitro release studies
IHV Nicholas1, V Karunaratne2, GAJ Amaratunga3, DN Karunaratne2

1
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
3
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Sri Lanka
Nanoparticulate delivery of nutraceuticals provides a new insight in prevention and therapy for
cancer. Linamarin, found in cassava was proven as a drug candidate for cancer treatment due to its
cyanogenic property. In this study the in vitro cytotoxicity of linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles
were evaluated using MCF-7 cells. Linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were obtained by ionic
gelation between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphste and characterized using dynamic light
scattering, FT-IR, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), TEM and SEM techniques. The cytotoxicity of
free linamarin and linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were assessed by SRB assay. Cells were
exposed to different concentrations of linamarin loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and free
linamarin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Synthesized nanoparticles were around 50 nm with higher
positive zeta potential and higher encapsulation efficiencies (85%). The successful loading was
confirmed by FT-IR and TGA results. Time dependent cytotoxicity was highlighted more than dose
dependent cytotoxicity in linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Cell viability was decreased to
about 40-50% after 48 h and to about 24-38% after 72 h, with the nanoparticles. In free linamarin,
50% inhibition of cells was not achieved even after 72 h. The IC50 value after 72 h for linamarin
loaded chitosan nanoparticles was 26.48 μg/mL while it was 373.50 μg/mL for free linamarin. The
morphological observations obtained by inverted microscopy were in good agreement with those
results. In vitro cytotoxicity results revealed that when linamarin was loaded into nanoparticles, it
was delivered and internalized more effectively than free linamarin.
Keywords: chitosan, nanoparticles, nutraceuticals, linamarin, MCF-7 cells
OP 12-02: A non-genotoxic traditional polyherbal mouth freshener rich in natural antioxidants and
antimicrobials
NS Piyarathne1, MP Paranagama1, JAMS Jayatilake2, MRDM Senanayake2, BP Galhena3, HS Williams4

1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri
Lanka
3
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
In Sri Lankan folklore, a poly-herbal mouth freshener which consists of Piper betle,
Syzygiumaromaticum, Myristicafragrans, Elettariacardamomum, Areca catechu, Kaempferia
galangal and Coriandrumsativum is claimed to prevent bacterial and/or oxidative stress associated
oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer. The objective of this study was to
analyze this mouth freshener for its antioxidant, antibacterial and genotoxic effects. Ethyl acetate
extract of this mouth freshener was analyzed for antioxidant effects using ferric reducing antioxidant
power (FRAP) and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Antibacterial effect was analyzed
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using agar well diffusion assay. Genotoxicity was analyzed using cytokinesis block micronuclei
(CBMN) assay on isolated human lymphocytes. Ethyl acetate extract of this mouth freshener was
found to be a rich source of natural antioxidants ((FRAP: 4.23±0.13 mmol Fe+2 equivalents /mg of
DW, DPPH assay as IC50:25.5±0.27 µg/ml, ABTS assay: 2.50±0.03 mmol of Trolox equivalents /mg of
DW). Agar well diffusion assay with 30, 15 and 7.5 mg/ml of the same extract showed zones of
inhibition of (14.0±0mm), (12.0±1.3mm) and (12.0±0mm) respectively for Streptococcus mutans and
(18mm±1.2mm), (15.3±1.7mm) (13.7±1.7mm) respectively for Porphyromonasgingivalis. CBMN
assay revealed that this extract is not genotoxic even at a very high concentration of 2.5 mg/ml.
Thus, we conclude that the ethyl acetate extract of this traditional polyherbal mouth freshener is a
non genotoxic source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials and propose it as a potential
candidate to be used in preventive oral health care after clinical trials.
Keywords: traditional polyherbal mouth freshener, antioxidants, P. gingivalis, S. mutans, CBMN

assay
OP 12-03: Method of incorporation of natural antioxidant from cinnamon leaf oil as an antioxidant
into surgical and examination gloves
S Abira1, RD Gunaratne2, PA Paranagama3, KRD de Silva1

1
2
Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
The number of surgical/examination gloves used globally in health care has increased dramatically
and allergic contact dermatitis develops on the hands after exposure to latex examination gloves.
Surgical glove chemicals are the most frequent causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis in
health care workers as a result of frequent glove use. Contact allergy to surgical gloves is also caused
by antioxidants that are used to prevent rubber degradation. A number of plant secondary
metabolites act as scavengers of free radical species and so have been classified as antioxidants. The
present study aims to describe the potential of cinnamon leaf oil as an alternative natural
antioxidant in the glove industry. Cinnamon zeylanicum is an endemic plant in Sri Lanka and the
essential oils from bark and leaf are heavily used in perfume and food industries. In the present
study cinnamon leaf oils were extracted using Clevenger apparatus and the percentage yield of the
essential oil was 3.2 %. The quality of the essential oil was compared with a commercial sample
using Gas chromatography. It was confirmed that both samples contained 78 -80 % eugenol. The
radical scavenging activity of cinnamon leaf oil has been evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-
hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay and BHT was used as the positive control. The results revealed that
100 % radical scavenging activity was shown at 10 µg/mL concentration of the essential oil. The
cinnamon leaf oil has the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.33 μg/mL) which is three times less
than the synthetic antioxidant BHT (24.09 μg/mL). Lower IC50 value indicates higher antioxidant
activity. Therefore it is confirmed that cinnamon leaf oil can be used as the antioxidant to develop
surgical/examination gloves. Future studies will be concentrated to investigate a suitable percentage
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of the stabilizer and the emulsifier in order to prepare a homogeneous solution of the essential oil to
be used in the surgical/examination glove manufacturing process.
Keywords: antioxidant, surgical/examination glove, essential oil
OP 12-04: Preliminary study for developing an anticoagulant drug using herb Argyreia Nervosa
MHAT Madhushani, DBM Wickramarathne

Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
The aim of this study was to screen Argyreia nervosa (Maha-Dumudu in Sinhala, elephant creeper in
English, Ghav-patta in Hindi), which is used in the traditional medicine system of Sri Lanka for its
anticoagulant activity, as a preliminary study for developing an anticoagulant drug. The whole plant
of A. Nervosa was extracted in methanol. The crude extract was partitioned with solvents;
petroleum ether, water, and ethyl acetate. A concentration series was prepared by dissolving each
extract in 1% Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). All the prepared extracts were screened for
anticoagulant activity in Prothrombin time (PT) test and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
(APTT) test using plasma samples from 10 healthy volunteers for each concentration. Warfarin and
heparin were used as positive controls for the tests. Petroleum ether 4mg/ml extract in PT test
(p=0.037), Crude 4mg/ml extract in APTT test (p=0.039) and ethyl acetate 4mg/ml extract of A.
nervosa in both PT (p=0.005) and APTT (p =0.002) tests,show statistically significant prolongations
when compared to controls according to one way ANOVA model. This study suggests that the
multiple active constituents in A. nervosa produce anticoagulant activity or it possesses one
compound which can inhibit the coagulation cascade at more than one site. It is concluded that A.
nervosa possesses a statistically significant anticoagulant activity compared to control. This study
demonstrates that Argyreia Nervosa can be considered to develop as an anticoagulant drug.
Keywords: Argyreia nervosa, prothrombin time test, activated partial thromboplastin time test,
anticoagulant
OP 12-05: Formulation of a poly-herbal hand-wash with potential antibacterial activity
SK Hettihewa1, KRS Neelanayani2, WMDGB Wijayaratne3

1
2
3
The present study was carried out to formulate five different polyherbal handwashes followed by
evaluation of in vitro antibacterial efficacy and safety. Plant extracts obtained from Citrus
aurantifolia, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Cymbopogon citrates and Sapindus
trifoliatus in different ratios were incorporated into the hand-wash base to prepare five different
formulations; F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5. The stability of the five different formulations was studied by
evaluating the pH and physical appearance for one month. Efficacy of antibacterial activity of all five
formulations were evaluated against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria by using a well diffusion method. In vivo
146
antibacterial efficacy test was performed on healthy volunteers (n=40) for one month (1, 15 and 30
days) to test the efficacy of the polyherbal hand-wash (F2 and F3). The volunteers were further
observed for one hour for the appearance of any kind of hypersensitivity/allergic reaction under the
supervision of a registered medical practitioner. The results obtained from the stability test showed
that F1, F2, F3 and F5 are the most stable formulations. The greatest inhibition was in the
formulations of F2 (S. aureus, 23.3±0.6, P. aeruginosa, 15.6±1.6, Escherichia coli, 11.5±0.6) and F3 (S.
aureus, 23.8±0.6, P. aeruginosa, 16.3±0.5, Escherichia coli, 12.1±0.6) compared to the commercial
product (S. aureus, 10.3±0.2, P. aeruginosa, 8.6±0.4, Escherichia coli, 7.0±0.2) tested. By considering
stability, color retaining property and antibacterial activity, F2 and F3 were selected for further
studies. The in vivo efficacy test revealed that F3 was the most active (92%) on colony reduction
percentage compared to that of the commercial product tested (48%). Furthermore, the
hypersensitivity/ allergic reactions did not appear on the volunteers for one hour. It is concluded
that formulation F3 is a polyherbal hand-wash with potential antibacterial activity that should be
marketed as a healthcare product in Sri Lanka.
Keywords: antibacterial efficacy, in-vitro, in-vivo, medicinal plants, Polyherbal handwash
OP 12-06: In silico design of Linamarin based anti-cancer drugs
A Dayananda, RS Jayakody
Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Cassava has been used in ancient traditional medicine to cure various diseases. The active
compound in cassava is linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside and it is a confirmed anti-cancer agent.
Chemical breakdown of linamarin linamarase and other related enzymes liberate toxic HCN which
cause cell apoptosis of cancer cells but not of healthy cells. This study was focused on rationally
modifying linamarin to a more potent anti-cancer drug by enhancing the rate of liberation of HCN.
Linamarin was docked to linamarase that was previously equilibrated with 100ns long Molecular
Dynamics simulations (MD). The mode of binding of linamarin to linamarase, the stability of the
complex and the important enzymatic contacts were identified by analyzing the MD trajectories.
Rational changes were then made to the linamarin structure to reduce the bond dissociation energy
(BDE) of the glycosidic bond without compromising the binding affinity. The newly designed
linamarin derivative (LinD-1) has a compatible binding free energy with linamarin towards
linamarase. The calculated BDE of LinD-1 is 53.00 kcal mol-1 where as that of linamarin is 56.02 kcal
mol-1. This reduction in BDE allows LinD-1 to produce a hundred times more HCN per given period
of time. Therefore, this study proposes that LinD-1 is a better anti-cancer drug than its natural
scaffold linamarin.
Keywords: anti-cancer drugs, cassava, linamarin
147
OP 12-07: In silico designing of neurotoxin- based cancer analgesics
S Fernando, R Jayakody
Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a lethal neurotoxin found in some marine creatures that blocks the trans-
membrane voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC) and ceases nerve impulse transmission leading
the victim to death. There are many records in the literature where dose optimization of TTX was
attempted for its medical usage in humans. Further, structure manipulations of TTX were also found
with the same objective. Nonetheless, no TTX-based analgesics are available yet. This study was
focused to designing aTTX-derivative which can be used as an effective painkiller. The TTX molecule
was modified to a painkiller by systematically disabling its electrostatic ‘hot spots’. A homology
modeled VGSC was relaxed with a 100 ns Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation prior to docking of
TTX. Knowledge of the binding modes in the VGSC-TTX complex were used to rationally modify the
guanidium moiety of TTX to reduce its negatively charged regions. The estimated binding free energy
of TTX to VGSC is – 49.39 kcal mol-1, with an electrostatic contribution of -19.00 kcal mol-1. In
contrast, these numbers for the novel TTX derivative (TTX-D1) are -32.22 kcal mol-1and -2.52 kcal
mol-1respectively. Further, TTX-D1 shows 86% reduction in electrostatics and 34.76% reduction in
total binding energy compared to TTX. Hence, further developments in TTX-D1 as a powerful
analgesic for cancer pain is proposed, asit hinders the propagation of pain signals with much less
toxicity than TTX.
Keywords: TTX , neurotoxin-based drugs, cancer pain , cancer pain killers
148
Abstracts of Poster Presentations
149
PP 001: Survey study on Pilika nashaka (anti-cancer) drugs in Sri Lankan indigenous medicine
UPT Uluwaduge
The plant sources of Sri Lanka are likely to be effective anti-cancer agents. Herbs have a vital role in
the prevention and treatment of cancers. In recent years because of the fear of side effects, people
all over the world show preference to use natural products for cancer treatment. This research was
to evaluate the potential natural sources having anti-cancer activity. In indigenous ola leaf
manuscripts, there are remedies for various gedi, vana, pilika conditions. Published three book
series of them was searched for remedies used for gedi, vana, pilika. This was followed by collection
of popular herbs and minerals from 10 Sri Lankan Traditional Medical practitioners. A total of 33
popular and plentiful herbs for cancers were selected and was analyzed for bio-active chemical
compounds and therapeutic actions of them. According to selected books, Piper longum is the most
commonly used for pilika. According to practical usage of selected doctors, Embellica officinalis,
Piper longum, Nigella sativa, Cuminum cyminum, Ferula foetida, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum,
Cinnamomum zeylanicum are the other commonly used plants. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids,
essential oil, volatile oil and alkaloids are common bio-active chemicals in these anti-cancer herbs.
Anti-oxidant activity, analgesic activity, cytotoxic activity, anti-neoplastic activity, anti-microbial
activity, apoptotic activity, anti-tumor activity and anti-inflamatory activity are common therapeutic
actions of these anti-cancer herbs. Sri Lanka is proud for its rich indigenous medical knowledge for
the management and prevention of cancers. These medicines are noted to have the potential to
suppress neoplasm growth, aggresive function and enhance immune functions.
Keywords: anti-cancer, traditional use, bio-active compounds, therapeutic actions
PP 002: Tripalā and Mūnamal – useful antimicrobial agents against selected bacterial and fungal
microorganisms
PDTA Jayarathna1, GK Wijesinghe2, N Kottegoda3, TDCP Gunasekara1, MM Weerasekera1, SSN

Fernando1, LP Samaranayaka4
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka and
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala
Defense University, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka and Sri Lanka Institute of
Nanotechnology
4
Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
This study was aimed to determine the effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Triphalā and
Mimusops elengi (bark of Mūnamal) aqueous extracts on five Candida type strains, three gram
positive cocci. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), gram negative bacilli Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Triphalā and Mimusops elengi (Mūnamal) aqueous
extracts against Candida and selected bacterial species were determined by agar well diffusion
method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Candida glabrat and Candida dubliniensis was
150
determined using broth microdilution method with alamar blue modification. 0.2% Chlorhexidine
gluconate had the maximum zone of inhibition for all test strains whereas Triphalā exhibited a
moderate effect on test strains except Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis and Escherichia coli.
Only Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were susceptible to Mūnamal pothu. Chlorhexidine gluconate
inhibited the growth of Candida (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) at 1/512 dilution (MIC = 0.004 mg/ml
for both organisms). Highest Tripalā concentration of the dilution series used (65 mg/ml) was the
MIC for both organisms. In conclusion 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate had the maximum effect
against Candida and tested bacterial species followed by Triphalā and Mūnamal (Mimusops elengi)
extract. Anti-Candidial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate was achieved at very low concentrations.
Keywords: bacteria, candida, chlorhexidine, Triphalā, Mimusops elengi (Mūnamal)
PP 003: Deśīya Ás Vedakama - A literary review on an Ola leaf manuscript
HKR Weerakoon, NKPSS Fernando, DKK Weerasinghe, C Welivitegoda, W Weerapana

The traditional medical system in Sri Lanka, also known as Hela Vedakama, has been practiced for
many centuries. This traditional medical knowledge is transferred continuously through generations
either verbally or written in Ola leaf manuscripts (OLM). The purpose of the present study was to
identify the diseases according to Ess Vedakama in the Indigenous medical system. The sample OLM
numbered as 369 was selected from the conservation unit of the OLM in the literary research
section in the BMARI. Firstly, the manuscript was copied by hand and then critically reviewed by
comparing with the already conserved OLM Sinhala Rajunge Ás Vedapotha compiled in Ceylon
National Museum’s Manuscript Series Vol: III, published in 1953 and the Suśruta saṁhitā chapters
7th - 19th in Uttara tantra. It was revealed that there are altogether 320 eye diseases described,
where 120 were in the sclera, 99 in the cornea and 101 in the external eye. This is very similar to
Sinhala Rajunge Ás Vedapotha but different from the Suśruta saṁhitā. One first aid treatment,
external eye applications including fifty-nine paste termed as Puravalliyam, thirteen ointments
known as Adun, four oils, ten poly-herbal eye drops, nine pills and internal medicine including nine
decoctions, one powder and three semi solid preparations known as Ghṛta, specific for eye diseases,
were mentioned in the OLM. Clinical studies are recommended to strengthen the clinical use of
these medications.
Keywords: Adun, Essvedakama, Puravalliyam, Ola leaf manuscript, traditional medical knowledge
PP 004: Musaffiyath (blood purification)- A holistic approach of treatment in Unani (Greeko-Arab)

medicine
RF Rismiya, MLU Salma

The Unani System of Medicine, also known as Greeko-Arab medicine, founded by Hippocrates is
based on the concept of Nazriya Akhlaat (Theory of Humours), given by Hippocrates, which
supposes the presence of four body fluids- Dam (blood), Balgham (phlegm), Safra (bile) and
151
Sauda(black bile) known as Akhlaat (Humours). The imbalance in the quality (Kaifiyath) and quantity
(Kammiyath) of these humours leads to diseases whereas restoration of this balance maintains
health of a person. Humour Dam or blood is the large portion of humours that circulates throughout
the body. Imbalances in quality or quantity of the blood cause many health hazards. The purpose of
this study was to present a holistic approach of Musaffiyaths in treating diseases. Data for this
literary work was collected from Unani textbooks and electronic Media. Findings show that improper
diet, use of junk foods, drinking less water, obesity, insomnia or incomplete sleep, stress problems,
hormonal changes, diabetes and infections are some causes that alter the equilibrium of Damavi
humour. According to unani medical system Musaffiyath e khoon is one of the procedures of
evacuating morbid Madda (impurified matter) from the body. Musaffiyaths act through four ways to
purify the blood. They evacuate morbid matters via kidney (Mudirrath), perspiration (Muarriqath),
purgation (Mushilath) and neutralization (Muaddilath). Musaffiyath e Khoon drugs are very effective
in treating skin disorders, allergies, infectious diseases, hormonal disorders, diabetes,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and other chronic disorders. It is thus suggested that
Musaffiyath can be used effectively for the management of various disorders.
Keywords: Musaffiyath e Khoon, Damavi, Humours, Kammiyat, Kaifiyat
PP 005: Pharmaceutical utilities and pharmacological attributes of two different formulae of

Navaratna Guliya according to Traditional Medical Lore
WGNS Samanweera, JMPRK Jayasinghe

Vatikaprakaranaya has compiled more than 350 medicinal pills and pastes belonged to Sri Lankan
indigenous medical tradition prevailed though out the past history. Navaratna Kalkaya is one of the
most famous indigenous medicinal pastes used by laymen society for conditions associated with
indigestion and other stomach ailments. Navaratna Guliya is also a medicinal pill prescribed for
acute disorders but not similar with the formula of Navaratna Kalkaya. There are two different
formulae found in a palm-leaf manuscript that has not been published through print media. The aim
of this study is to find the pharmaceutical utilities and pharmacological attributes of two different
formulas of Navaratna Guliya according to traditional medical lore. First formula of Navaratna pill is
in verse form and the other one is in pose form written in Sinhala. The first one has 17 ingredients
which comprise 50% of Cannabis sativa and Caesalpinia bonducin equal parts. The ingredients are
prescribed to be ground with garayusha which cannot be interpreted and cannabis and triphala
decoction. The second formula includes 26 ingredients with 25% of Croton tiglium and 50% of castor
seeds which are ground with consecutively water and lime juice. Ingredients, mode of preparation,
therapeutic applications and media of administration of both are different but first formula shares
some common indications with Navaratna Kalka too. Since there are many formulas inherited by
oral tradition and written in palm-leaf manuscript that are not published in print media, literary
researches need to be carried out on those unpublished sources.
Keywords: Navaratna guliya, therapeutic applications, formula, ingredients
152
PP 006: An analysis on cinnamon containing formulae in Ayurveda pharmacopeia of Sri Lanka
WGNS Samanweera1, S Pilapitiya2, P Paranagama3, R de Silva4

1
2
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka and Department of Medicine,
3
4
Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology & Neuroscience, Sri Lanka
Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of Sri Lanka (APSL) is the legally recognized and officially published
authentic source of the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations in Sri Lanka. In APSL more than 500
internal preparations are mentioned with their formula, preparation method and dosage. Global
attention on cinnamon is significantly increasing since it has been used in traditional medicine for
the last millennia and scientifically proven for its efficacy on various ailments. The aim of this study
was to analyze the diversity of proportionate distributions of cinnamon and percentages in each
formula prescribed for internal use as mentioned in APSL. Primary data were collected for APSL and
scholarly opinions were consulted for analytical study. There are 76 formulae (15%) containing
cinnamon recorded out of 500 internally prescribed preparations in APSL. Statistical analysis shows
that 15 (24%) of Cūrna (max. 390mg and min. 20mg), 11(68%) of Modaka (max. 692mg and min.
10mg), 6 (40%) of Kalka, (max. 160mg and min. 20mg), 8 (88%) of Pindī (max. 625mg and min. 26mg)
formulae contain cinnamon as an ingredient. Most of these preparations are prescribed to be taken
twice a day and maximum cinnamon content was recorded as 692 mg in single dose of
Abhayādīmodaka. The percentage of cinnamon in each formula was calculated and the highest
(9.09%) was found in Haridrā Khaṇḍa which is used for allergic conditions, while the lowest (0.98%)
in was found in Vṛhat YogarājaGuggulu. The average (68.42%) weight range of cinnamon in dosage
forms is between 100mg - 300mg as recorded in 52 formulas. It is suggested that further analysis be
conducted on the pharmaceutical utilities and application diversity of the studied sample of 76
cinnamon containing preparations in APSL.
Keywords: cinnamon, internal preparations, dosage forms, Ayurveda pharmacopeia
PP 007: Philological evidence for Sri Lanka as the origin of true cinnamon
WGNS Samanweera1, DL Perera2

1
2
Post Graduate Institute of Archeological Research, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Cinnamon or Kurundu tree is reported to have originated in the central hills of Sri Lanka and Ceylon
cinnamon is one of the earliest spices known to mankind and is traded around the world. The
botanical name Cinnamonum zeylanicum Blume refers to the cultivated specific species of cinnamon
indigenous to Sri Lanka and that is also called “true cinnamon” of commerce. This study aimed to
trace the philological evidences to prove Sri Lankan territory as the country of origin of true
cinnamon. The methodology was based on lexicons, ancient literary sources and scholarly
publications on the history of cinnamon. Karuva and Karuvapatta used in Kannada and Tamil
languages would have been borrowed from Sinhala word Kurundu which is transliterated into
153
English as Coorundo in 17th century records. In Sarasvati Nighandu, a medical lexicon cinnamon is
referred to as Saimhala, which means ‘belonged to the country of Sinhala’. In ancient times the
island was named in chronicles as Sihala-dīpa which had been transliterated into Arab as Serendib,
Serendip, Serendiv, Singaldip and Sheelan. The Arabic words Qarfah, Qirfah, Qurfa used for
cinnamon might have etymological connection with the early form of Sinhala word Kurundu. The
names Illavangam and Lavanga Patta used for cinnamon in Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Telingu
derived from the term Lavanga which had been used as a synonym in native form “Lamanga” for
both cinnamon and clove. Other languages like Belarusian, Chinese, Estonian, French, Finnish,
German, Hungarian, Korean, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Thai, Turkish, and Vietnamese also use words
connected with Ceylon.
Keywords: kurundu, Saimhala, Lamanga, true cinnamon
PP 008: Documentation and review of traditional medical knowledge from selected Ola leaf
manuscripts
C Welivitegoda, W Weerapana, S G Kisholorjan, HMWR Bandara, RSH De Zoysa, YNDS Rupasingha,

PKIC Paduwawala, PHV Jayasinha, LHIP Chandrawansha, DVSPM Vidyathilaka, RWKH Rajasekara, IN
Hewapathirana, LM Yaseer
Traditional medical knowledge in Sri Lanka refers to the knowledge with respect to medicine,
transferred either verbally or written in Ola Leaf Manuscripts (OLM). The purpose of this study was
to conserve and popularize the Traditional medical knowledge through documentation and review.
The sample of two OLM numbered 363 and 564 referring to general medicine (Sarvāṅga Vedakama)
were selected from the conservation unit of the OLM in the literary research section, Bandaranaike
Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute. They were firstly copied by hand by the two groups of intern
medical officers during 2016 Dec to 2017 April, thereafter critically reviewed comparing with the
already written old text Vatikaprakaranaya by Ileperuma in 1933. It was revealed that the OLM no
363 is a compilation of three aspects in indigenous medicine known as Sarvāṅga, Ess and Vidum
Pliissum Vedakama. The present study findings refer to Sarvanga Vedakama mentioned in the OLM
363 and 564 including different recipes for different ailments. The solid, semi solid and liquid
preparations termed as Pills, Powder, Kalka, Basna, Ghṛta, Kayam and Oil were traced in the
manuscripts whereas most of the recipes in OLM 363 were very similar to Vatika Prakaranaya.
However the four types of Pills, three types of Kalka, five types of Cūrna and two types of oil
preparations were not found in Vatikaprakaranaya, specific to OLM 564. The effective herbal
formularies could be traced by referring OLM and further research is needed to validate their clinical
efficacy in the system of indigenous medicine.
Keywords: indigenous medicine, Ola leaf manuscripts, traditional medical knowledge Sarvāṅga
Vedakama
154
PP 009: Determination of anti-oxidant activity, anti - bacterial activity and anti- inflammatory
activity of indigenous medicinal plant Piper longum
PDTCP Peramuna1, G Thiripuranathar2, PA Paranagama2

1
2
Piper longum, popularly known as ‘Thippili’ in Sri Lanka, has been used as a therapeutic agent in
indigenous medicine specially in Ayurveda as a remedy for inflammation. The objective of present
study is to determine different bioactivities including DPPH radical scavenging assay, Antibacterial
assay and Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay of different parts of Piper
longum namely leaf, matured fruit, immatured fruit, and stem. The extraction process was carried
out according to cold and hot extraction methods. Soxhlet apparatus was used in hot extraction and
methanol was used as the solvent. Ethyl acetate was used in cold extraction process. The DPPH
radical scavenging activity results revealed that stem extract obtained from cold extraction and leaf
extract obtained from hot extraction showed high activity. The results of antimicrobial activity
revealed that leaf and stem extracts obtained from cold extraction exhibited activity against
Escherchia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The stem and immatured fruit extract derived from hot
extraction showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis. The results obtained from Anti-inflammatory
activity depicted that all plant extracts derived from cold extraction and immature fruit extract
derived from hot extraction process showed high percentage inhibition activity than Aspirin, the
standard drug used.
Keywords: Piper longum, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory
PP 010: Aqueous extract of Salacia reticulata leaves can increase bone formation in-vitro
K Godakumara1, C Premathilake1, P Fernando1, N Soysa2, N Alles1

1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri
Lanka
Health of the bone tissue depends on bone formation caused by osteoblasts and bone resorption
caused by osteoclasts. Deviation of any of these processes would lead to serious conditions such as
osteoporosis for which no single therapeutic agent is yet discovered. The current study was
conducted to investigate the feasibility of using Sri Lankan traditional medical cures as a single agent
therapy against such conditions. Murine calvaria derived primary authentic osteoblasts were
exposed to a crude aqueous extract of Salacia reticulata leaves with untreated controls and the
effect on osteoblast differentiation and function were measured using alkaline phospotase staining,
von Kossa staining and quantitative PCR analysis on specific mRNA expressions such as ALP,
osteopontin and collagen I. Staining intensity was measured using ImageJ image analysis software.
The statistical significance of difference among groups was assessed using one-way ANOVA. The
difference was considered significant when p<0.05. Salacia reticulata aqueous leaf extracts
presented a significant (p<0.005) increase of osteoblast differentiation bone matrix mineralisation
155
and nodule formation compared to untreated cells. According to MTT assay the extract was not toxic
to cells in the functional doses (50 µg/ml). It can be concluded that S. reticulata leaf aqueous
extracts significantly increase osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix mineralisation and nodule
formation in vitro. It can be recommended that further studies be conducted to identify the active
molecules and the mode of action in these extracts.
Keywords: osteoporosis, Salacia reticulata, osteoblast
PP 011: A comparative antimicrobial study of Mrityunjaya Rasa
MVR Wijayanthamala
Gampaha Wikramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
In an Ayurvedic classical text, treatments have been classified under three categories, Asuri
(surgical), Manushi (Herbal) and Daivi (Metalo- mineral). Daivi Chikitsa has considered as a best
treatment therapy. Mrityunjaya Rasa is a drug of choice for general infective diseases along with
fever. So, to evaluate its anti-microbial activity against common pathogenic bacteria and
comparative anti-microbial study to evaluate the role of levigating liquids: three samples were
prepared as per reference of AFI- M3, Yogaratnakara - M2, and Ayurveda sara sangraha – M1. For
this study, different concentration solutions (5%, 10%, and 12.5%) of the samples M1, M2, M3 were
prepared in DMSO. In-vitro studies were undertaken to assess the antimicrobial activity. After this,
Well diffusion method was employed. Streptococcus pyogenes was highly sensitive to 12.5%
concentration of M1, M2 & moderately sensitive to 12.5% Concentration of M3. E.coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Salmonellatyphi was moderately sensitive to
all concentration of M1, M2, M3 except 5.0% Concentration of M3. No sensitivity was observed at
5.0% concentration of M3 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 5.0%
Concentration of M1 against Salmonella typhiandStaphylococcus aureus and only 5.0%
Concentration of M2, against Streptococcus pyogenes. All sample of Mrityunjaya Rasa have
antibacterial activity against common pathogens. Formulation M2 found to be highly effective than
other formulations. Variation in the results of antibacterial activity of sample M1, M2, M3 could be
attributed due to Bhavana dravya.
Keywords: Daivi Ckitsa, Mritynjaya Rasa, Bhavana Dravya, DMSO
PP 012: Quantification of in vitro antioxidant activity of Abelmoschus moschatus leaf extract using
spectrophotometric methods
AMSS Amarasiri, AP Attanayake, KAPW Jayatilaka,

Abelmoschus moschatus (Kapukinissa, Family:Malvaceae) has been widely used for the treatment of
kidney diseases in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. The leaves and seeds of A. moschatus are
documented with nephroprotective and antioxidant activities. However, the above bioactivities
were not scientifically proven. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the total antioxidant
potential of A. moschatus using three standard assays. The aqueous refluxed (4 h) leaf extract of A.
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moschatus was used in the study. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2’-diphenyl-2-picryl
hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and
thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method spectrophotometrically (reference compound: L-Ascorbic acid).
Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu method
(reference compound: gallic acid) and aluminum chloride method (reference compound: quercetin)
respectively. The results indicated that the aqueous leaf extract of A. moschatus possesses
significant antioxidant activity against DPPH radical scavenging (IC50– 63.7 ± 0.2 µg/mL), FRAP (9.28
± 1.12 µM) and TBA (9.05 ± 0.7 AAEg-1dw) assays. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents
of the extract were 1.25 ± 0.33 µg GAEg-1dw and 2.89 ± 0.11 µg QE g-1dw, respectively. The high
polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the aqueous leaf extract of A. moschatus resulted in increased
antioxidant activity in vitro. Future studies are warranted to determine the in vivo antioxidant and
nephroproetcive activity in order to confirm the therapeutic potential of the leaf extract of A.
moschatus in the management of chronic kidney disease
Keywords: Abelmoschus moschatus, antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids
PP 013: A survey on utility of coconut shell in medicinal prescriptions of traditional medical

practitioners of Sri Lanka
GTR Madushani1, MCK Fernando1, TR Kaushalya1, PHM Lakmani1, RHSK De Silva2

1
2
Department of Deshiya Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Coconut (Cocos nucifera: Aracaceae) is one of the major plants in Sri Lankan plantation industry.
Though every part of coconut has been used for various medicinal requirements, there are not
enough evidences regarding the medicinal utility of coconut shell (CS) in Nigantus and other
Ayurvedic literature on pharmacodynamics. But traditional medical practitioners (TMP) inherit
prescriptions including CS as an herbal ingredient. The effectiveness of CS has been discussed under
numerous schemes as Industrial, Chemical Medicinal and Cosmetic Science etc. Conversely it is an
agricultural waste which is available abundantly in tropical countries. This study was an attempt to
identify the utilization of CS in traditional medicine in order to emphasize the pharmacodynamic
properties under clinical surrounding and to encourage the society to improve the sustainability
through eco-friendly utility of CS. An interview based survey was done among 30 of TMP regarding
the utility of CS in prescriptions. Consequently 33% TMP have been used CS for external treatments
and 10% of them in internal treatments. As external treatments, CS is used for orthopaedic
conditions by 33%, 11% in nasya karma and 56% for skin disorders. Considering the results it can be
justified that CS contains sangrahaniya, sandhaniya, rakta shodhaka, kushtaghna and vishagna
properties. Manisha Deb Mandal et al. 2011 has proven that coconut contains antimicrobial,
antioxidative, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and immune-stimulatory properties. Therefore
further studies are essential to validate the medicinal value of CS in order to potentiate the global
scenario towards greener products and to enhance the sustainability and eco-friendly society.
Keywords: coconut shell, medicinal value, traditional medicine, eco-friendly
157
PP 014: Antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of medicinal plants used in Sarvavishadi
Thaila
RMW Liyanage1, GM Rukmalee1, WMB Weerasooriya2

1
2
Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya,
Sri Lanka
Sarvavishadi Thaila (SVT) is one of the widely used herbal preparation in the traditional system of
medicine in Sri Lanka which is consisting with many herbs, oils, spices and minerals which are having
different therapeutic activities. Reviewing of the antibacterial, antifungal effects of the medicinal
plants used in SVT is the key objective in this study. The review was done through the available
resources such as traditional text, journals and Science direct databases. Methanol extracts of leaves
and stem-bark of Acronychia pedunculata exhibited good anti-Candial properties. The alkaloids from
Adhatoda vasica have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Salmonella typhi. The aqueous and methanol extract of garlic has an antibacterial effect against
E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Streptococus mutansand aqueous
extract of garlic showed an antifungal effect against Trichophyton rubrum. The extract of Asparagus
racemosus showed an excellent activity against candida species isolated from vaginal thrush patients
and Aspergillus niger. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water extract of Capparis zeylanica
leaves were showed antibacterial activity, but none of the extract showed antifungal activity against
Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Methanol and Petroleum ether extracts of rhizome of
Curcuma zedoaria showed an anti-microbial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria
and Fungi. These studies reveal that the medicinal plants used in the formula of Sarvavishadi Thaila
exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Keywords: Sarvavishadi Thaila, phytochemicals, anti-bacterial activity, anti-fungal activity
PP 015: Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of flower pod extracts from Spilanthes
paniculata L.
TGG Uthpala1, HH Munasinghe2, LDC Peiris3, NMMGSB Navaratne1

1
Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Spilanthes paniculata (Asteraceae) is commonly known as ‘acmella’ in Sinhala and ‘tooth ache plant’
in English. It is highly utilized in traditional medicine to combat tooth aches. However, its
antimicrobial activity has not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the in-
vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol, petroleum ether and water extracts of the pods of
S.paniculata. The phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. The pod extracts
(20mg/ml) were subjected to screening against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and
gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains using standard protocol of Disc Diffusion Method
(DDM) and Gentamicin (10 µg) was used as the positive control. Phytochemical screening revealed
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the presence of tannin, alkaloids, quinone and total phenols in all three extracts while flavonoid was
detected only in the ethanoic extract and saponins and gum mucilage were detected only in the
water extract. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibitions ranging from
8.4 to 10, 7.2 to 8.8 and 14 to 18.8 mmrespectively for ethanol, petroleum ether and water extracts,
which was comparable to the standard drug (22.2 to 24.8). Among the extracts, water extract
showed both higher effectivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The
ability of the flower pod extracts of S. paniculata to inhibit the growth of both gram negative and
positive bacteria is an indication of its antimicrobial potential which may be employed in the
management of microbes in food contact surfaces.
Keywords: Spilanthes paniculata, phytochemical screening, extraction, antimicrobial activity
PP 016: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endolichenic fungi isolated from mangrove
lichens Pyxinecocoes and Opegraphaarabica in Sri Lanka
PS Ishtaweera, PA Paranagama
1
College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Sri Lanka
2
College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Sri Lanka and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Lichen is a symbiotic association of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria. There are non-obligate fungi
living inside the lichen thallus asymptomatically known as Endolichenic fungi. Fungi can be grown
using fermentation methods and solid cultures and need an insignificant amount of raw material,
indicating it does not affect the biodiversity of the country. The objective of the study is to
determine antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities of 6 endolichenic fungi inhabiting mangrove
lichens Pyxinecocoes and Opegraphaarabica in Sri Lanka. The above fungi species were grown on 36
large Petri dishes using PDA as the medium and incubated at room temperature for 10 days and
secondary metabolites were extracted into ethyl acetate. All the crude extracts showed moderately
high antioxidant activity for DPPH (0.3-0.02 mg/mL) and FRAP (0.05-0.01 mg/mL) assays compared
to standard BHT and Ascorbic acid. In addition, crude PI/01 (6.67 mg/mL) showed comparably high
antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis used in the agar well diffusion assay compared with the
standard drug Azithromycin (5 mg/mL). Since antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity was high
in PI/01 it was partitioned to obtain hexane (PI/01/01), chloroform (PI/01/02) and 60% methanol
(PI/01/03) fractions. PI/01/02 fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=274.86±0.01
µg/mL). Further studies will be carried out to isolate bioactive compounds in fungus species
Daldiniaeschoiltzii (PI/01).
Keywords: anti-bacterial, antioxidant, endolichenic fungi, lichen
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PP 017: Antibacterial properties of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract
P Dissanayaka1, B Chandrasiri2, N Adeesha2, J Catanes2, G Abenilla2

1
College of Arts and Sciences, Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, Philippines and Center for Innovation in
Biotechnology and Neuroscience, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
College of Arts and Sciences, Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, Philippines
As highlighted by World Health Organization, 30% of all deaths in 2010 were due to infectious
diseases and the WHO forecasts 13 million deaths attributed to these causes in 2050. Our objective
was to determine the active chemical constituents and antibacterial effect of Papaya (Carica papaya
Linn.) leaf extract on Streptococcus pyogens and Escherichia coli. Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) leaf
ethanol extract was used for the phytochemical tests. Streptococcus pyrogenes and Escherichia coli
were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and Nutrient Agar culture mediums. Disc Diffusion
method used to measure the Zones of Inhibition in crude extract concentrations ranging from 25-
100% while the positive control (Erythromycin) to streptococcus pyogens and (Ciproflaxacin) for
Escherichia coli. The active constituents Alkaloids, Tannins, Unsaturated sterols and active Glycosides
were present in the Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.). The 100% papaya Leaf extract showed the highest
effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coliwhile 25% leaf extract showed the lowest effect
on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results show that Papaya leaf extract has an
antibacterial property against Streptococcus pyogens and Escherichia coli. A parallel study could be
conducted to add chemical formula which could enhance the antibacterial property of papaya
(Carica papaya Linn.) leaf extract and to use the extract further as an alternative medicine to cure
bacterial diseases.
Keywords: papaya leaf, anti-Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogens
PP 018: Anti-inflammatory activity of the alkaloid fraction of Acronychia pedunculata leaves
WMKM Ratnayake1, TS Suresh1, AM Abeysekera2, N Salim3, UG Chandrika1

1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Acronychia pedunculata (“Ankenda” in Sinhala, Family: Rutaceae) is a medicinal plant found in Sri
Lanka and the leaves, stems, roots and fruits have been used for centuries in folk medicine for the
treatment of various diseases. Our previous studies have shown that 70% ethanol extract of A.
pedunculata leaves (EEAL) has significant (p <0.05) anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan
induced rat paw oedema model. Phytochemical screening indicated that this plant is rich with
alkaloids and in the present study; the anti-inflammatory activity of alkaloid fraction of A.
pedunculata leaves extract was evaluated. Healthy adult male, Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were
used for the experiment. The negative and positive control groups were orally administered 1.0 mL
of 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 5mg/kg b.w of indomethacin in 1 mL of 0.5% CMC
respectively. The test groups received 100 mg/kg b.w of the 70% EEAL and its alkaloid fraction in 1
mL of 0.5% CMC. The results showed that both of EEAL and its alkaloid fraction showed significant
(p<0.05) reduction of paw oedema formation when compared to negative control. But, the
160
treatment with alkaloid fraction has activity enhancement when compared with the EEAL group. The
maximum percentage inhibition of formation of rat paw oedema were found to be 81.8% for
alkaloid fraction at 5th hour while it was 45.4% for EEAL and 90.9% for indomethacin which is a
positive control. In conclusion, these observations provide valuable evidence for the anti-
inflammatory properties of alkaloid fraction of leaves of A. pedunculata. Further studies will be
undertaken to isolate the active compounds in this fraction.
Keywords: Acronychia pedunculata, anti-inflammatory, carrageenan
PP 019: A descriptive study of Sharkaradi Kalka used in the Indigenous medicine practice of Sri
Lanka
KPMP Pathirana, JMPRK Jayasinghe

Sharkarādi Kalka is a medicinal preparation used for children in Ayurveda as well as in the
Indigenous medicine of Sri Lanka.The aim of this study was to analyze the properties of herbal and
mineral ingredients according to basic principles of Ayurveda, used to prepare Sharkarādi Kalka. This
was a literature based study and the data was collected from indigenous classical text
Vatikaprakaranaya. Collected data were comparatively analyzed and demonstrated to identify the
properties of different types of ingredients in selected formula. According to data, 18
ingredientswere identified. 14 ingredients were Herbal materials like Gammiris, Welmee,
Walangasal, Penelaeta, Walgammiris, Suwandakottam etc. and 3 were minerals Sahindalunu,
Yawakshara, Suwasalunu. Bees honey was used as the grinding agent. Considering the properties of
ingredients including the grinding agent,66.6% of drauya contain Katu rasa and50% contain Tikta
rasa, 33.3% Madura rasa,11.1% Lavanaand Kashaya rasa. Katu and Tikta perform Vātavruddi and
Kaphakshaya. The properties were 61.1% Laghu and 50% Ruksha, 38.8% Tikshna and 22.2% Snigdha.
Lagu increase the vāadosha and reduce the thickness of Kapha. Tikshna and Ruksha helps in
excreting vitiated Kapha. 61.1%of ingredients contain Ushnaveerya which help in Vātānulomana and
Kaphanissārana. They also help in reducing the thickness of Kapha. 61.1% of ingredients are with
Katuvipaka and helps in increasing Vāta. According to the given data and Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka
of the ingredients used in Sharkāradi Kalka it helps to reduce the thickness of vitiated Kapha and
they are excreted by the increased Vātadosha. Sharkaradi Kalka is very effective in kaphajaroga like
Kāsa, Swāsa in children as well as adults.
Keywords: Sharkaradi kalka, properties
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PP 020: Effects of Agni (digestive power) in management of cancer- A case study from the
Ayurvedic perspective
VPS Seneviratne1, PK Perera2

1
Ayurveda Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka
2
Bowel carcinoma occurs at a high prevalence and risk factors identified are dietary, environmental,
and lifestyle related. This is a case study of a 58 year old male, with a histopathologically confirmed
diagnosis of adenocarcinama of the stomach with metastasis to the liver. Following the diagnosis of
cancer, exploratory laporatomy was done to see the possibilities of excision. A large tumour was
observed in lesser curvature of the stomach extending towards cardia and surgery was deemed
inappropriate and the patient was referred for Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. The patient was in
a sub consciousness state with severe anaemia, generalised oedema, ascitis, no appetite and severe
malena. In the management, special emphasis was given to restore Agni (digestive power) and
hence, suitable dietary modifications were applied; only juices of fruits and raw vegetables were
given via nasogastric tube, nil orally. Fresh juices and decoctions of Āmapācana and Agni improving
medicines were given according to the level of digestive power. Medicated kanji, Centella asciatica
juice, garlic/milk decoction, Rasāyana and Rasa medicines containing Gold, mercury etc. were given
in the treatment regime during the latter part of treatment. From the second week, his condition
gradually started to improve and appetite and bowel habits returned back to normal. Treatment was
continued up to six months and the patient was followed up with Endoscopy, CT scan with
biochemistry parameters. After 4 months CT revealed that the tumour had narrowed down and
localised. The patient was referred to the oncologist and it was successfully removed. After 6
months, he did not have any sign and symptoms of malignancy. According to Ayurveda, Agni play a
very important and vital role in maintaining good health. Medications used for this should be
analyzed and case series should be done in future for confirmation of treatment regime.
Keywords: bowel carcinoma, traditional medicine, digestive power
PP 021: Hepato-protective activity and reduction of oxidative stress by aqueous extract of

Atalantia ceylanica on acetaminophen induced HepG2 human liver cell damage
C Jayathilake, P Soysa
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Acetaminophen is the most frequent cause of drug induced liver damage in humans. Reactive
metabolite of acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonemine causes hepatocyte injury. Atalantia
ceylanica leaf extract is used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the treatment of different liver
ailments. In this study hepato-protective activity and reduction of oxidative stress of A. ceylanica
were studied. Aqueous extract of A. ceylanica was prepared from tender leaves according to the
procedure followed by Ayurveda. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
tetrazolium reduction assay was used to evaluate the toxic concentrations of acetaminophen and A.
ceylanica extract. Different concentrations of the A. ceylanicaextract was co-exposed with
acetaminophen (30 mM) which have a cell viability around 30% on HepG2 cells. Lactate
162
dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) leakage and reduced glutathione
(GSH) content were determined after 24 hours incubation. No toxicity was found with the plant
extract alone on HepG2 cells (EC50>3500 µg/mL). Significant reduction (p<0.05) in percentage
leakage of LDH and GGT were observed in the cells co-exposed with A. ceylanica aqueous extract
and acetaminophen compared to the acetaminophen treated cells. Highest reduction of LDH and
GGT leakage were observed for A. ceylanica at a concentration of 80 µg/mL with values of 64.8% and
68.9% relative to the acetaminophen treated cells respectively. A. ceylanica extract restored the
reduced glutathione level towards that of untreated cells. A. ceylanica extract has hepato-protective
activity and capability to reduce oxidative stress in acetaminophen induced HepG2 cell damage.
Keywords: Atalantia ceylanica, hepatoprotective, oxidative stress, acetaminophen
PP 022: Evaluation of functional activity of Wrightia antidysenterica- An endemic plant species
AI Kuruppu1, P Paranagama2, R De Silva1

1
2
The search for novel pharmacological agents for various non-communicable diseases has grained
increasing demand with the rising number of illnesses. We evaluated the activity of extracts of
Wrightia antidysenterica for their antioxidant, antilipidemic and antiamylase activities. Wrightia
antidysenterica is an endemic plant species in Sri Lanka. The plant materials were collected from
Jaele, Sri Lanka. Finely powered leaves, stem, roots, flowers and the whole plant were subjected to
sequential extraction with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol after continuous stirring for 24
hours. Antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays while
antilipidemic and antidiabetic activities were investigated using lipase and amylase enzymes. We
found that the methanol stem extract demonstrated the highest anti-oxidant activity with a mean
IC50 value of 0.47 mg/ml. Results were compared to Butylatedhydroxytoluene (+ve control) which
showed a mean IC50 value of 0.11 mg/ml. In the antilipidemic assay, several extracts showed activity
similar to Orlistat which is a drug used currently to treat obesity (+ve control). Hexane,
dichloromethane, methanol extracts obtained from the whole plant, dichloromethane flower
extract, and methanol stem extract showed inhibition similar to Orlistat (43%) at 1 mg/ml
concentrations as follows respectively 39%, 39%, 39%, 40%, and 38%. The antiamylase assay did not
show activity with any of the Wrightia antidysenterica extracts. Hence, the results of the current
study illustrate the presence of antioxidant and antilipidemic activity in Wrightia antidysenterica
extracts. Further activity of these extracts tested using various bio-assays and chemical compounds
will be isolated and characterized.
Keywords: natural products, antioxidant, antilipidemic
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PP 023: Determination of in-vitro photo-protective potential of Methanolic Leaf extract of
x Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamondin)
AAMDDN Amarathunga1, SU Kankanamge1, NA Sanjeewani1, RN Pathirana2, WD Ratnasooriya2

1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense
Synthetic sunscreens have been introduced as a preventive strategy for the harmful effects of
ultraviolet radiation on humans. With the realization of adverse effects, the recent trend is to search
for human-friendly herbal sunscreens. This study focused on the in-vitro evaluation of Sun
Protection Factor (SPF) of leaf extract of x Citrofortunella microcarpa: Calamondin (Family:
Rutaceae), which has not been previously studied. Leaves were collected from the Horana area. Air-
dried, powdered plant material was macerated for 4 days in 99.8% methanol. The filtrate was
evaporated to dryness and subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. The concentration
series of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.05 mgmL-1 of leaf extract and a solution of 2.0 mgmL-1 commercially
available sunscreen-Dermatone® (Labeled SPF-35) were prepared in methanol. The absorbance of
each sample was determined in triplicate by spectrophotometry in the range of 290–320 nm, at 5
nm intervals, using methanol as the blank. The SPF values were calculated using the Mansur-
equation. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, sterols, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and
reducing sugars were qualitatively observed. The SPF of leaf extract with respect to the
concentrations 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.05 mgmL-1 and Dermatone® were 43.93, 42.38, 40.97, 36.63,
13.31 and 34.26 respectively. According to Pearson’s correlation, a positive statistically not
significant relationship was observed in between SPF and concentration (r=0.655, p>0.05). Since the
presence of profound sun screening activity was found, this would offer an exciting avenue for
further research towards the development of herbal sunscreens of high importance especially for
the people living in tropical countries.
Keywords: Calamondin, photo-protective, Sun Protection Factor, UV-B, x Citrofortunella microcarpa
PP 024: Evaluation of the potential in-vitro cytotoxic effect of some Sri Lankan medicinal plants on
Vero 76 cells
WMD Wickramaarachchi1, KNK Ranasinghe1, KJK Karunathilake1, HP Wakkumbura2, RPVJ Rajapakse1

1
2
Department of Kaumarabruthya and Stree Roga, Gamapaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University
of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds is an essential part of drug discovery. Plant materials
still contain the best active compounds to be used as drugs for various diseases. But little is known
about the toxicity of most of these plant materials. Therefore evaluation of cytotoxicity is a must
before conducting drug experiments. In this study, in vitro cytotoxicity of a serial dilution
concentration series from 50 mg/ml of five Sri Lankan medicinal plants were evaluated using MTT
assay on non-cancerous monkey kidney (vero 76) cell line. The plants used in this study are
164
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Coscinium fenestratum, Cyperus rotundus, Curcuma longa and Stereospermum
suaveolens. For this, cells were seeded in 96 well plates and after 24 hours incubation, treated with
different concentrations of aqueous plant extracts. After 24 hours, MTT assay was carried out to
determine the cytotoxicity with non-treated cells as negative and ethanol as positive controls
respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7.0 with one-way analysis
of variance. p<0.05 is considered significant. Results showed that almost all the concentrations of
each plant extract had no toxicity compared to control with p<0.05. Only 50mg/ml extract of
Glycyrrhiza glabra showed a significant toxic level compared to positive control.It can be concluded
that 25 mg/ml of Glycyrrhiza glabra and 50 mg/ml of the other four plants can be used safely in drug
preparation without any cytotoxic effect.
Keywords: medicinal plants, Cytotoxicity, MTT assay, Ayurveda
PP 025: Determination of the sub lethal dosage of doxorubicin for the screening of selected
medicinal plants for cardio-protective activity
JAN Sandamali1, RP Hewawasam2, KAPW Jayatilaka2, LKB Mudduwa3

1
2
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Doxorubicin is highly effective against a spectrum of malignancies. It exhibits a cumulative dose

related cardiotoxic profile that limits its clinical utility. Toxicity exhibited in cardiomyocytes is related
to free radical formation. Therefore, medicinal plants with high antioxidant activity have the
potential to combat doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine
the sub lethal dosage of doxorubicin to screen selected medicinal plants for cardio-protective
activity. Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of 10 animals in each. Group 1: normal control;
Groups 2-9: eight doses of doxorubicin (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 & 20mg/kg, ip, after 16 hour fast).
Animals were sacrificed on the 4th day and blood was collected for the estimation of cardiac
troponin I (cTnI), AST and SOD activities and heart tissues were collected for histopathological
assessment. Mean cTnI concentrations of groups 1-9 were 0, 39.46, 60.92, 87.79, 116.96, 147.79,
163.96, 197.38 & 221.54pg/mL respectively. In groups 1-7, mean AST activities were 38.90, 42.23,
44.07, 50.77, 57.93, 58.54, 63.57, 68.94 & 79.83U/L and SOD activities were 77.73, 72.92, 66.49,
54.06, 28.01, 21.12, 16.12, 14.34 & 8.75%. A significant difference (P<0.05) between group 1 and
groups 2-9 was evident in all three diagnostic parameters. Degree of histopathological changes
increased with increasing dosage and damage was more pronounced in the sub-endocardial region.
Overall, biochemical and histopathological results indicated 18 mg/kg doxorubicin as the most
appropriate sub lethal dosage to be used in future studies.
Keywords: doxorubicin, sub lethal dosage, cardiotoxicity
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PP 026: Activity-guided fractionation of aqueous fraction of acetone extracts of Pleurotus
ostreatus in the search of anti-inflammatory agents
WJABN Jayasuriya1, CA Wanigatunga2, GH Fernando2, DTU Abeytunga3, TS Suresh4, MI Choudhary5

1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Pharmacology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
5
International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
Pleurotus ostreatus (P.o) is a culinary-medicinal mushroom grown worldwide. We have reported the
anti-inflammatory potential of acetone extract (AE) of P.o and its fractions. This study evaluates the
anti-inflammatory activity directed fractionation of the aqueous fraction of acetone extract (AqFrA)
in order to identify the fraction having the highest activity. The AqFrA was purified using size
exclusion chromatography and four fractions (Fra, Frb, Frc and Frd) were obtained. Anti-
inflammatory activity of each fraction was measured using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema
model and the effect on reactive oxidative burst of human whole blood was measured by luminol
enhanced chemiluminescence activity. Treatment with fractions Frb, Frc and Frd showed significant
inhibition of rat paw oedema. Frc and Frd showed inhibition of paw oedema at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and
5th hour when compared with the Control. Frc and Frd showed maximum inhibition of oedema of
77.8 % (4th hr) and 83.7 % (5th hr), respectively. Fra did not significantly impair paw oedema. The
Frc and Frd showed 52.5 % and 55.2 % of inhibition on whole blood oxidative burst. Activity guided
fractionation resulted in the fractions with higher anti-inflammatory activity than the acetone
extract itself. Therefore, Frc and Frd were selected for further fractionations. However, the active
anti-inflammatory constituents in AqFrA of P.o remain to be elucidated. It is possible that the main
active compounds might be hydrophilic as the activity retained in polar AqFrA.
Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, anti-inflammatory activity, aqueous fraction, column,
chromatography, oxidative burst
PP 027: Fundamental neuroscience research and traditional medicine: investigating the Gut- Brain
Axis
K Wanigathunga1,2, S Pilapitiya2, R De Silva1, C Meedeniya1

1
Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology & Neuroscience, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, Sri Lanka
An increasing health burden and emphasis on health and well-being has driven a global resurgence
of alternative health care strategies. The traditional medical practices of Sri Lanka, promotes a
holistic approach to health, with synchronized“therapies” modulating multiple physiological
systems. A principal therapeutic approach formulating multiple physiological and patho-
physiological processes targets the close association of the digestive and central nervous system,
where the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), divided into 8 major zones, is considered fundamental to
human wellbeing. A spectrum of physiological processes is modulated by the neuro-endocrine
substance Serotonin. Our previous work investigated Serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC)
166
cells in the mucosal epithelium of the GIT. Regional variation in EC cell density, in functionally
discrete regions of the GIT was shown, with seminal data on serotonin release kinetics1. We now
investigate Arma Parchana, Virechana, Agni Deepana and Vasti karma“conditioning” treatments of
traditional medicine, focusing on human neurological disorders, using microbiological, blood and
clinical assessment criteria. Disease models using DNA probes, markers of apoptosis and of
serotonin synthesis will be investigated. Embedded neuroscience and traditional medical expertise
of our research collaboration investigates the “Serotonergic regulation of the gut-brain axis, towards
rationalizing novel treatment strategies.
Keywords: neurological disorders, traditional medicines, Gut-Brain-Axis
PP 028: Fundamental neuroscience research and traditional medicine: Accessing the central
nervous system
K Wanigathunga1,2, S Pilapitiya2, R De Silva1, C Meedeniya1

1
Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology & Neuroscience, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders are positively correlated to the increasing age of the
global population. The treatment of neurological disorders remains a challenge in allopathic
medicine as therapeutic access to the central nervous system (CNS) is impeded by the Blood Brain
Barrier (BBB). Indigenous and Ayurvedic therapies of Sri Lanka however use novel approaches to
treat CNS and related disorders, including “Nasya therapies” as a doorway to the brain. We
previously used intranasal (Nasya) and related treatments including manipulation of the nervous
system to induce neuro-genesis deep within the brain, showing the recruitment of the newly born
cells into lesioned brain regions1. Now we test the hypothesis that traditional Nasya and related
therapies evoke neuro-genesis and other physiological brain responses, mediating improved CNS
function. Our collaborative research program will use traditional therapies of human neurological
disorders, assessed using clinical criteria, and the mechanisms validated in disease models using DNA
probes, markers of neuro-degeneration, neuro-genesis and maturation. Our “Nasya” and related
treatments evokes CNS neuro-genesis, supporting our experimentation on intranasal and related
treatments used in Sri-Lankan Ayurvedic and Indigenous medicine.
Keywords: neurological disorders, traditional medicines, neuroscience
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PP 029: Perception of medical undergraduates and pre-intern doctors of University of Sri
Jayewardenepura on traditional beliefs and home remedies for common illnesses
DHM Niluka, PKK Madushika, LA Indunil, YS Deegodagamage, WMCS Wijesundara, EAST Edirisinghe,
PH Dissanayake, SG Yasawardene
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Traditional beliefs and home remedies have been in practice from ancient times. Doctors should
have a sufficient knowledge regarding home remedies, to recommend positive remedies, to
discourage harmful practices and also to have a good doctor-patient relationship. Our aim is to
assess the perception of medical undergraduates and pre-intern doctors of University of Sri
Jayewardenepura (USJP) on Traditional beliefs and home remedies for common illnesses. A self-
administered questionnaire was distributed among 205 participants. Data regarding demography
and perceptions on Traditional beliefs and home remedies for common illnesses were collected and
analyzed using SPSS v-16. From 205 participants, 23.4% (48/205), 76.6% (157/205) were males and
females respectively. Populations were 58.5% (120/205) semi-urban, 31.7% (65/205) urban and 9.8%
(20/205) rural. Most were aware of home remedies for common illnesses; Common cold/Cough
[95.6% (196/205)], Gastritis [54.1% (111/205)], Gastroenteritis [64.8% (133/205)], cut injury [56.5%
(116/205)]. The majority positively believed that home remedies, contain less side effects [57.5%
(118/205)] and build up the body’s own defenses and promotes self-healing [53.1%(109/205)]. The
practice of home remedies had a positive influence on environmental factors like own knowledge
[76.1% (156/205)], parental and family influence [91.7% (188/205)], friends’ influence [60.4%
(124/205)] and prior teaching [86.3% (177/205)]. Psychological comfort reasons given toward some
remedies such as; that it incorporates physical, mental and spiritual aspects of health [55.1%
(113/205)]; is used by those who fear the discomfort of medical treatments [80.4% (165/205)]; the
belief that using them are not harmful [75.1% (154/205)]. Medical undergraduates and pre-intern
doctors of USJP who have used home remedies for preventing or treating illness have a positive
attitude towards them. Future studies should focus on the reliability of home remedies for
continuous practice by the doctors.
Keywords: home remedies, beliefs, medical undergraduates
PP 30: An impact of Ayurveda knowledge on prevention and control of major non-communicable

diseases in the labour force in Sri Lanka
IDKD Dissanayake
Provincial Department of Ayurveda, Western Province, Sri Lanka
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are largely preventable by changing lifestyle, are a major
cause of morbidity and mortality globally and is one of the greatest development challenges of the
21st Century. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the situation of lifestyle towards the
increasing trend of NCD risk factors in a major part of the Sri Lankan population and to decrease
morbidity and disability associated with NCDs by changing lifestyle through Ayurveda knowledge. A
stratified, probability sample of 327 NCD (stroke, heart disease and diabetes) patients of age 15-60
years was selected randomly. Dietary habits, physical activities, use of alcohol and tobacco and
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financial condition were assessed by using a standardized questionnaire based on the Ayurveda
knowledge of Charaka and Sushrutha Sanhitha. According to the investigation, Ayurveda lifestyle
based knowledge on dietary habits (r=0.160, p=0.004, n=327), physical activities (r=0.135, p=0.015,
n=327), use of alcohol and tobacco (r=0.241, p=0.000, n=327) and also financial condition (r=0.310,
p=0.000, n=327) of the people were highly related with prevention and control of NCDs respectively.
Dependent variable and independent variables have a statistically significant linear relationship. It is
recommended that an extensive clinical study be performed to monitorAyurvedic based behavioral
patterns of patients who suffer from NCDs and to monitor for a considerable period of time in order
tosupport the presentation of Ayurveda Knowledge Based Lifestyle to the society.
Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, risk factors, Ayurveda knowledge, lifestyle
PP 31: Clinical experiences in the geriatric clinic with special reference to diabetes mellitus and its
complications
C Welivitegoda, W Weerapana, SG Kisholorjan, MUM Perera, BADH Kularathna

Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute, Nawinna Sri Lanka
Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka is high (8%). Because of poor care and poor disease
education, diabetic patients are at risk of developing complications such as diabetic nephropathy
and diabetic wounds. The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy of indigenous
medical care for diabetes and its complications. This was a study of case series. A convenient sample
of four cases were retrospectively studied in the geriatric clinic at the Bandaranaike Memorial
Ayurvedic Research Institute, Nawinna; Case I was a diabetic patient without complication, case II
was a diabetic patient with nephropathy, cases III & IV patients had diabetic ulcers. The four patients
were in the age range of 55- 60 years. Both diabetic females were house-wives; one of them had the
complication of the unhealed diabetic wound for 12 months, even after skin grafting. One of the
male patients was a retired medical practitioner and had a diabetic wound for 3 months and the
other one was a laborer with diabetic nephropathy awaiting for dialysis. Following the courses of
treatment for 3- 24 months, the quality of life of the all four patients were improved and the
diabetic wounds were completely healed. The patient with diabetic nephropathy had a serum
creatinine level that came close to normal and was able to refrain from dialysis. They all were
advised on appropriate diet during the treatment course. The researchers suggest that diabetes with
different complications could be managed successfully with Indigenous medicine, and randomized
clinical trials are recommended.
Keywords: adult population, Diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic wounds
PP 032: A survey of the most frequently used medicine for Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus)
NVPS Madhushani, WJ Wickramarachchi

The Ayurveda system of medicine has exclusive treatment for the management of diabetes. This
Cikitsa includes a wide range of herbal- based materials and mineral origin materials. The main
169
objective of this study was to identify the most frequently used medicinal plants, minerals, their
proportions in relative use, their Panchapadartha, chemical constituents and use of Sahapanaand
Anupana. Thirty registered Ayurvedic practitioners in Kaluthara District were selected in this study
and data were collected through a questionnaire and interviews. The study also comprised of
extensive review of Vruddhathraya and other traditional medicine books. The collected data were
analyzed according to the type of medicinal plants, minerals, their Panchapadartha, chemical
constituents and relevant Sahapanaand Anupana in the management of Prameha (Diabetics). The
study revealed that Araluis is the most commonly used medicinal plant while Shilajatu was found to
be the most frequently used mineral (52%). According to Ayurveda literature, bee honey is the most
frequently used Sahapanand Anupana(70%). Ten medicinal plants were selected for the analysis
according to their Panchapadarthas. The analysis revealed that out of six rasa's, the predominant
rasa was Kasaya (32%). Among twenty Guna's the highest recorded were for Lagu (47%) and
Ruksha(47%) equally. Among the three Veeryas, Sheethaveerya (60%) were prominent. Among three
Vipakas, the most recorded was Madura (60%). The chemical composition of selected medicinal
plants considerably varied. According to Rasa Guna the selected drugs facilitate absorption, liquefied
and detoxified Kapa and Medodhathu and clear the Srothas.
Keywords: Prameha, Aralu, Shilajathu
PP 033: Quality of life of patients receiving Ayurvedic treatment or physiotherapy for hemiplegia
following a stroke
DMT Nishadika1, K de Abrew2

1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
The prevalence of stroke in Sri Lanka is much higher compared to other South Asian countries.
Stroke may cause hemiplegia and this affects the quality of life of patients. There are various
treatment approaches for hemiplegia in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study was to assess the
quality of life of the patients who receive Ayurvedic management and patients who receive
physiotherapy management for hemiplegia after a stroke. The study was a descriptive cross
sectional design using 45 hemiplegic patients who attended the Ayurvedic hospital, Rajagiriya and 45
hemiplegic patients who attended the physiotherapy department of the Neurology unit, National
Hospital Sri Lanka within 6-18 months after a stroke. A convenience sampling method was used.
Data was collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. Outcome measures were determined
by a socio demographic questionnaire and Medical Outcome Short Form 36 questionnaire. When
the quality of life of two groups were assessed by the Short Form 36 questionnaire, both groups of
hemiplegic patients studied had similar improvement in overall quality of life by receiving either
Ayurvedic treatment or physiotherapy (p=0.61). General health perception improved significantly
with Ayurvedic treatment (p=0.03) whereas physical function (p=0.04) and mental health (p<0.001)
improved significantly with physiotherapy. In the study groups, both Ayurvedic treatment and
physiotherapy approaches improved most aspects of quality of life of the hemiplegic patients.
Keywords: stroke, hemiplegia, Ayurvedic treatment, physiotherapy, quality of life, Medical Outcome
Short Form 36 questionnaire
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PP 034: Sperm parameters of men seeking traditional Ayurvedic treatment for infertility
DHR Nawagamuwa1, RDR Lakmini1, DMS Fernando2, RARP Susantha3

1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Nugegoda Ayurvedic Private Clinic, Sri Lanka
Although herbal preparations are used in the treatment of male infertility, research on the effects of
these preparations are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a traditional
herbal preparation on sperm parameters of men seeking infertility treatment. The tested herbal
preparation was given in a powder form. It comprised of root extracts of Withania somnifera, Orchis
mascula, Mucuna pruriens, Tribulus terrestris and Asparagus racemosus. The tested herbal
preparation was given in powder form continuously for a period of three months. Demographic data
of men (n=91) seeking treatment at an Ayurvedic infertility center were recorded after informed
consent. Seminal fluid analysis reports were obtained before treatment. Sperm parameters were
taken at monthly intervals for three months after treatment with the herbal preparation.
Classification of semen abnormalities were done according to WHO guidelines. Pre and post
treatment means of sperm parameters were compared with paired t test. Mean (SD) age of male
and female partner was 34.38(4.65) years and 31.56 (3.94) years respectively. Mean duration of
infertility was 50.18 months (approximately 4 years) and 96.7% had primary infertility. All men
seeking treatment were pathozoospermic and the most prevalent abnormality was
asthenozoospermia (84.1%). Before treatment, in 96.8% of men both progressive motility and
viability were abnormal. After treatment, 22.2% became normozoospermic. Furthermore,
asthenozoospermia was reduced by 25.41%. Improvement in mean (SE) of sperm count [10.75(2.32)
vs 18.30(2.79)106/ml], progressive motility [14.84(2.04) vs 24.82(2.65) %] and viability [14.75(2.86)
vs 26.35(3.32) %] were significant (p<0.05). In conclusion the herbal preparation tested significantly
improved the sperm count, motility and viability increasing the number of normozoospermic men
after treatment. Assessment of effects on sperm parameters at least six months after treatment
with the herbal preparation and assessing pregnancy outcomes are recommended for future studies.
Keywords: traditional herbal medicine, male infertility, sperm parameters
PP 035: Different dosage forms of Anupana used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine in Mandam
Roga (Malnutrition) Chikitsa- A Critique
RLDS Ranasinghe, RHSK De Silva, HGSG Wijesiriwardhana

Sri Lanka has inherited a splendid history of the indigenous medical system. It has several disciplines
which were descended from the hierarchy of medical practitioners and Māndam Vedakama
(treatment for malnutrition) is one of them. Māndama (malnutrition), a paediatric disorder, remain
a serious problem in Sri Lanka, where nearly one-third of children are affected. Therefore, this study
aims to review the applicability of different dosage forms, doses and their Anupāna used for 18
types of Māndam diseases. Data is gathered from the series of texts Talpate Piliyam a collection of
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Ola leaf transcripts. In MāndamCikitsā, Guli (25%), Kalka (18%), Kaṣāya (8%) and Cūrna (5%) are
given to possess Agni Dīpana (72%), Rucikāraka (65%), Virecana (14%) and Vamana (12%) actions in
the body. Ten different dosages of Guli (pills) were identified which are explained in the sizes of the
fruits. Guli are administered with Anupāna; breast milk is the most used among the identified 40
types. Kashaya should be quarterly reduced (4:1) and the dose is 1/4 Pata (60ml). The most common
dose of Cūrna is Bidāla Mātrā. Kāyam (8%),Basna (7%) and Talapa (3%) are nutritional supplements
to establish Vṛṁhana (32%) and Tarpana (23%) properties. Thaila is given as both Pāna (8%) and
Abhyaṅga (7%). Hisa gelvum (5%) and Vedu (5%) are the commonly used external applications. The
indication of different doses may be due to the age factor. In conclusion, Māndam disease can be
effectively managed, according to the age and the type, using traditional medicines
Keywords: Māndam disease, malnutrition, traditional medicine treatment
PP 036: Genetic diversity of Santalum album L. in Sri Lanka- A preliminary study
KMAN Kulathunga, PCG Bandaranayake

Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Santalum album L., commonly known as sandalwood, is famous for its medicine, aroma and victual
properties. Among the eight commercially valuable species of Santalum genus, S. album L. comprise
of the highest alpha and beta santalene content in its oil. Moreover, sandalwood oil is widely used
for development of nutraceuticals due to its antispasmodic, antibacterial and antiviral properties.
Having continuous supply of uniform raw materials is a key for sustainable industrial applications.
While micro-propagation would be an option for mass production of identified mother plants,
identification of superior mother plants is critical. Since the grower has to wait around 15-20 years
for harvesting, selecting superior genotypes with high commercial value would be important for
industrial sustainability. Here we described preliminary work assessing the genetic diversity of
sandalwood in Sri Lanka using ISSR markers. Samples were collected from the 10-15 year old trees
grown in home gardens. Three major growing areas of the country, as one plant per area, was used.
The DNA extraction protocol, based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), was optimized which
identified that the bark tissues give the highest quality and quantity of DNA. As such, DNA extracted
from the bark tissue was assessed with 37 ISSR primers. Of those 23 produced reproducible bands.
16 primers resulted in polymorphic bands. Total number of alleles was 76 and polymorphic
percentage was 77.27%; indicating higher genetic diversity of a given population. Therefore,
selecting of a genetically superior genotype for it biochemical properties among this genetically
diverse population is the proper way to attain its industrial sustainability
Keywords: sandalwood oil, nutraceutical, genetic diversity, ISSR markers
172
PP 037: Organic cinnamon: an innovation in the Ceylon cinnamon value chain
WMS Warnakulasooriya, WAM Harindra, DAM De Silva

Department of Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri
Lanka
The main purpose of this study is to identify the attitude towards organic farming through price
premiums, consumer preferences and the perception of cinnamon producers. A mixed method
approach equipped for value chain analysis, where 8 focus groups, 90 interviewer administered
questionnaires for value chain actors and 100 web based analysis offend markets were instrumental
to collect the data. Organic cinnamon value chain is short, with few players, limited processes and is
generally simple. Price premiums were marginal for the upstream of the value chain while
downstream enjoyed attractive premiums for the organic value added products. The profit share
among each value chain node for C grade is 10.76% for grower and 89.24% for exporter. Peelers gain
33.3% of profit share. Experience, knowledge and market intelligence, lack of quality organic
fertilizer, switching costs are entry barriers. Product typology identified 3 main types, certified
organic (local), certified organic (international) and conventional organic. None of the producers
were in the certified category. The barriers for organic certifications were cost, protracted
procedures and heavy documentation. 76.5% of organic exporters were certified. Availability of
numerous competitors, similar size of market share, common export destinations, slow industry
growth, limited value addition, undifferentiated products, insignificant brand loyalty, high entry and
exist barriers were key determinants of the competitor rivalry. Substitution threats were blending
with cassia and away from quill processing. The main export market, Mexico, has 4 major market
segments; 50.7% for pharmaceutical industry, 2.8% for bakery and confectioneries, 40% for spice
and seasoning and 9.9% for cosmetics.
Keywords: organic cinnamon, value chain
PP 038: Induction of friable callus in chilli variety California Wander (Capsicum annuum L.)
PJK Dassanayake1, DMJB Senanayake1, WAR Dhammika1, WMW Weerakoon1, GAU Jayasekara2,
WTPSK Senarath3, KASI Kumari1
1
Field Crops Research and Development Institute, Mahailluppallama, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is grown throughout the world and well known for its culinary, medicinal
and ornamental values. Chilli shows a highly recalcitrant response to tissue culture experiments and
it is believed to be due to the presence of capsaicinoids and their phenolic intermediates.
Development of tissue culture protocols for chilli is important since it is necessary for use in plant
genetic improvement and other studies. In tissue culture, callus is used as an intermediate stage in
plant regeneration and friable callus is a type of callus, which easily falls apart and is used for the
generation of cell suspension cultures. This study was carried out at the tissue culture division of the
Field Crops Research and Development Institute, Mahailluppallama to understand the friable callus
induction in chilli under three different tissue culture media. In the study, cotyledon and hypocotyl
173
explants from in-vitro germinated two weeks old seedlings were used for callus induction in MS
medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (1mgL-1,
2mgL-1, 3mgL-1). The results showed that the callus induction percentage within 28 days was
significantly higher with hypocotyl explants when compared to the use of cotyledons. There was no
significant difference for callus induction among three media. These results reveal that hypocotyl ex-
plants are more suitable for callus induction in chilli.
Keywords: chilli, tissue culture, Hypocotyl, Cotyledon, callus induction percentage
PP 039: Agarwood, beyond perfumery: In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Gyrinops walla and one
of its endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp.
H Somarathne, N Salim
Gyrinops walla (Gaertner) is one of the species that produces agarwood resin with tremendous
importance in the perfume industry. The medicinal value of this plant is overlooked although it had
been used for centuries in traditional medicine. This study brings insight to support the
pharmaceutical value of G. walla and its associated endophytic microorganisms with potential
antimicrobial and antioxidant properties under in vitro conditions. Ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of bark
sample (1 g in 10 ml, dry weight basis, extracted thrice) showed antimicrobial activity against
pathogenic bacteria, Methicillin–Resistant Staphylcoccus aureaus (a clinical isolate) and S. aureus
ATCC 25923 on Muller Hinton Agar and Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030) on MHA+ 2% glucose
respectively, as assessed by Kirby Bauer test. Furthermore, EA and methanol fractions of an
endophytic Fusarium species isolated from bark also showed antimicrobial activity against the same
test organisms and additionally against E. coli. The EA fraction of Fusarium sp. and host bark tissue
also showed antioxidant activity in a preliminary qualitative spot test in TLC- DPPH assay. The GC-MS
analysis revealed that EA fraction of Fusarium sp. contained five major essential oils with alpha
amyrin accounting for 13.1% while that of the host contained 2.7%. Amyrin, a triterpene which is
reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti - tumor activities is notably a plant
resin. This is in fact, a new report on fungal-derived alpha amyrin as well as G. walla as a plant
source of it. Further studies are underway to isolate amyrin from the fungus to confirm its
antimicrobial activity.
Keywords: Alpha amyrin, Fusarium sp. Gyrenops walla, TLC-DPPH assay, antimicrobials
PP 040: Effect of tea consumption on cognitive decline in Parkinson’s Disease
Y Imran1, P Dissanayaka1, H Gunasekara2, V Suriyakumara1, L Gonawala1, N Wijekoon1, R de Silva1

1
Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka
2
Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka
As reported in literature, Parkinson's Disease (PD) has long been associated with cognitive
impairment which has been found to correlate with age and food habits. Sociodemographic, clinical
174
data, level of cognitive decline of clinically diagnosed PD patients (n=32) evaluated using a standard
questionnaire and Sinhala version of Addenbrook’s Cognitive Examination- Revised (ACE-R)
respectively. The relationship between dietary patters and ACE-R subscale scores were evaluated.
PD patients; (n=32, age range 44-85 Yrs, Onset; 64±8 Yrs, Male; 60%, Female; 40%). Number of tea
cups/day vs total scores of ACE-R; 2cups/day vs ≥3 cups/day (p=0.0001). Number of tea cups vs sub
scores of ACE-R; orientation/attention 2 cups/day vs ≥3 cups/day p= 0.0001; memory sub scores 1
cups/day vs 2 cups/day vs ≥3 cups/day (p=0.0001); language sub scores 2 cups/day vs ≥3 cups/day
(p=0.0001); verbal fluency sub scores 1cup/day vs 2 cups/day (p=0.011); visuospatial abilities sub
scores 2 cups/day vs 3 cups/day (p=0.016). Results indicate a general trend that consumption of tea
(>3cups/day) may have a positive effect on reduction of the progression of cognitive decline in PD.
Specifically, consumption of at least 2 cups/day may have a positive effect on the verbal fluency sub
score of ACE-R for PD. Interestingly having ≥3cups/day may have a positive effect on the other sub
score of ACE-R for PD. Results may pave the way towards further evaluation of the effect of tea
consumption as a modifying treatment/ healthy beverage for cognitive decline in PD leading to
innovative product development.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, ACE-r, tea, cognitive decline
PP 041: Synthesis and characterization of gel polymer electrolyte based on jack tree latex
A Karthigan, HMJC Pitawala

Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka
Polymer electrolytes have been identified as the next materials to develop in the energy storage
systems due its availability. Synthetic polymers are used in batteries; they are expensive and caused
health issues. Therefore, the main objective is to investigate jack tree latex as a natural polymer
instead of synthetic polymers in order to develop commercial batteries. The study was done in
synthesis and characterization of gel polymer electrolyte based on jack tree latex by incorporating
mostly abundant alkali ions such as Na+, Mg2+ as NaCl salt and MgCl2 salt respectively. Propylene
carbonate (PC) added sodium chlorate (NaClO4) was also incorporated with jack tree latex in a ratio
of 1:10. In the present study PC acts as plasticizers to improve the physical properties and
morphology of the electrolyte. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to
identify the ion-ion interactions for all the salt added jack tree latex. The FTIR result was used to
investigate interactions between polymer host and salt. These results showed that a clear influence
on the vibrational modes of the polymer after addition of salt. With the FTIR results, when it is the
same percentage on NaCl and MgCl2, MgCl2 always produces higher absorption peaks than NaCl.
This may be because of the high dissociation energy of MgCl2 than NaCl, so cation interaction is high
for MgCl2. Therefore future studies should be conducted such as measurement of ionic conductivity,
electro chemical test and direct current polarization test.
Keywords: polymer electrolyte, jack tree latex, battery
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PP 042: Impact of workshops on ultra sound scanning related knowledge in Ayurveda medical
professionals
WHAP Senanayake
Radiology Department, De Soysa Maternity Hospital, Sri Lanka
As modern medical technology improves rapidly with global development, it is very important to
upgrade the day to day knowledge about modern medical investigations. It is vital to enhance the
knowledge on ultrasound scanning (USS) related investigation issues among healthcare Ayurveda
medical practitioners. Ultrasound scanning is a simple imaging technique which uses high frequency
sound waves higher than 20,000 MHz. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of
knowledge sharing workshops on basic USS investigations, applications and patient preparation
knowledge in Ayurveda medical practitioners. A survey method was adopted as the research
methodology of this study and pre-test and post-test surveys were conducted using a self-
administrated 20 question questionnaire among workshop participants. 200 Ayurveda practitioners
(age 30-52yrs) participated in 4 ultra USS knowledge sharing workshops at Colombo and Gampaha
during 2013-2015, were included as the research samples. The results were analyzed using SPSS
version 18. The mean pre-test score was 13.09 (SD+/-2.57) and post-test score was 17.65 (SD+/-
2.11). The knowledge on USS investigation among Ayurveda health care professionals in Sri Lanka
was suboptimal, but these workshops had a significant positive impact on immediate knowledge
gain. Thus, the knowledge sharing workshops have a positive impact on improving medical practice.
Keywords: ultrasound scanning, workshops, Ayurveda practitioners
PP 043: Role of essential oil in medical therapy
S Janani, N Varnakulendran, V Shiyamala

1
Unit of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University of Sri Lanka
2
Teaching Hospital of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
Indigenous medical therapy is popular globally because it uses side effect free herbal products.
Phyto compounds are responsible for the curative effect in herbal medicine. Plants belonging to
families like Labiatae, Rosaceae etc consist of a variety of phyto chemicals. Essential oils in these
plants contain concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds. This oil is
distributed in different parts of the plants including flowers, leaves, peels, bark and roots. Essential
oil is generally extracted by distillation, often by using steam and other processes including solvent
extraction, absolute oil extraction, resin tapping and cold pressing. Essential oils are used for many
purposes, such as medicinal uses, cosmetics, flavoring drink and food, and household cleaning
products. The aim of this article is to emphasize the medical importance of essential oil. Essential oil
has important therapeutic actions such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic and anti-
inflammatory properties. Some oils are inhaled while some are applied to the skin and some are
consumed internally for health benefits. Peppermint essential oil is used for mouth freshener,
abdominal disorder, muscular stress, increased concentration and memory. Eucalyptus essential oil
has been used for antiseptic, anti-bacterial, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory conditions. Sandal
wood essential oil is used to treat mental disorders, skin, digestive disorders and nervousness.
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Lemon oil is an antioxidant, which enhances immunity and is an excellent remedy for skin, clearing
scars and blemishes.
Keywords: essential oil, cosmetics, phytochemicals
PP 044: Development of “Spicy oil”, a composite spice oleoresins flavoring in coconut oil
SPL Galappaththi, HN Fernando, AE Amarasinghe, HKVS Nimalsiri, UMW Dahanayake, HGE

Wijesooriya, KAA Piyumal, KDSCN Rajapaksa, PMS Shashikala
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
Sri Lanka is a tropical country where almost all the spices are grown rich and naturally. Coconut oil is
a commodity which cannot be neglected in cooking. Both spices and coconut oil have health
benefits. Spicy oil is an edible oil product which incorporates flavor and aroma compounds of six
commonly used spices (chili, garlic, onion, clove, cinnamon and cardamom) in Sri Lanka, to the
refined, bleached, and deodorized coconut oil or virgin coconut oil. A solvent extraction method was
used to extract flavor and aroma compounds. This solvent extraction method extracts
phytochemicals from the spices (according to the literature) and these phytochemicals give many
health benefits, such as lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, raising HDL cholesterol and has
anti-inflammatory effects etc. Hence incorporating these extracts into coconut oil will enhance its
health effects. The extracted compounds from the six different spices and the coconut oil were
mixed together to the most preferred and accepted ratio by 32 members of a semi–trained sensory
panel in order to make a composite spice and cooking oil mixture. Laboratory experimented shelf life
of spicy oil was about 6 months according to the determined physical, chemical and sensory
properties. The Spicy oil was highly preferred by a semi-trained sensory panel. The method identified
by the research is suitable for development of a composite spice oleoresins flavoring in coconut oil,
which is a convenient product.
Keywords: cooking oil, spices, solvent extraction, Sri Lankan cuisine, shelf life
PP 045: Functional and physicochemical properties of hibiscus incorporated black tea
RTK Premathilaka, ODAN Perera

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of
Sri Lanka
The flower of Hibiscus rosasinensisis an indigenous edible flower in Sri Lanka. Increasing
sustainability and add value to the foods claiming health benefits is a key improvement in food
industry. In this study, dried hibiscus powder has incorporated with selected two Ceylon black tea
brands (X and Y) to increase health benefit of black teawhile increasing popularity of hibiscus among
people.For both brands, 25% hibiscus incorporated black tea was selected as best combination in
the sensory evaluation from 25%,37.5%, 50% and control.Total phenolic content, total anthocyanin
content and total ﬂavonoids content were determined under functional properties.Color, moisture
content, ash content and pH were determined under physicochemical properties.Total anthocyanin
177
content (mg/100g of fresh matter) for infusion of 25% hibiscus incorporated X black tea/Y black tea
and X/Y black tea alone were 461.18±9.53, 329.30±4.00, 41.41±1.33 and 115.33±3.21 respectively.
As a conclusion Total Anthocyanin content was increased in hibiscus incorporated black tea than
black tea alone. This results indicate the potential of exploiting this ﬂowers as a source of developing
novel functional beverage, while using as a natural colorant.
PP 046: Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from Eppawala Rock Phosphate for
biomedical applications as a value added product
HKGKDK Hapuhinna, RD Gunaratne, HMJC Pitawala, KB Wijesekara, EMDK Ekanayake

1
Department of Biosystems, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Science & Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka
Eppawala chloroapatite deposit is the only commercially available phosphate source in Sri Lanka,
which is situated in Anuradhapura district. In this study, it was chemically changed into
hydroxyapatite as a value-added product. It is a bioceramic which can be used for applications in
orthopedics and dentistry due to its structural similarity with the mineral phase of mammalian bones
and teeth. Sol-gel approach was used to synthesize products using diluted Nitric acid under different
conditions. Synthesized Eppawala hydroxyapatite powder was characterized using X-ray
Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to find out its composition, crystallinity, presence
of functional groups, bonding type, surface morphology and micro-structural features, respectively.
The FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite from apatite via the
presence of hydroxyl groups. Those results coincided with the FTIR results of human and cow bones.
The XRD results reflected the formation of a hexagonal crystal structure of hydroxyapatite.
Elementary composition and micro-structural features of products were discussed based on the XRF
and SEM results of the synthesized hydroxyapatite powder. The study concludes that there is a
possibility of producing hydroxyapatite using commercially available Eppawala chloroapatite in Sri
Lanka.
Keywords: Eppawala chloroapatite, Hydroxyapatite, Bioceramics
PP 047: A comparison of phytochemical and physicochemical parameters of Garcina cambogia and

Garcinia zeylanica
AU Hewageegana1, HGSP Hewageegana2, LDAM Arawwawala3

1
864 C, Robert Gunawardhana Mw, Malabe, Sri Lanka
2
3
The fruits of Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) and Garcinia zeylanica (G. zeylanica) (belonging to
family: Clusiaceae), look like a small yellowish, greenish, or sometimes reddish pumpkin with thin
skin and deep vertical lobes. The colour can vary considerably. When the rinds are dried and cured in
178
preparation for storage and extraction, they are dark brown or black in colour. The dried rinds are
used in traditional recipes for cooking in many Southeast Asian countries. The present attempted to
compare the phytochemical parameters in the two plants. Evaluation of phytochemical screening,
physicochemical parameters and development of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint were
carried out for both fruits. Results of the study were statistically evaluated using Minitab 18.
Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids were present in higher amounts in
both G. cambogia and G. zeylanica extracts. pH in G. cambogia water extract was 1.70± 0.05 (at 25
o
C) whilst in G. zeylanica it was 1.73 ± 0.15 (at 25 oC). Specific gravity of both fruit extracts was 1.07 ±
0.01 (at 25 oC). There were slight differences in Rf values between G. cambogia (254 nm: 0.07, 0.19,
0.30, 0.48, 0.54, 0.60, 0.73, 0.79, 0.94 and 366 nm: 0.06, 0.19, 0.23, 0.57, 0.66) and G. zeylanica (254
nm: 0.04, 0.11, 0.14, 0.32, 0.42, 0.47, 0.67 and 366 nm: 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.15) in the TLC fingerprint
profile. Total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash contents were higher in G. cambogia
fruits than that of G. zeylanica. There were similarities and as well as differences between G.
cambogia and G. zeylanica in terms of phytochemical and physicochemical parameters.
Keywords: Garcinia cambogia, Garcinia zeylanica, Phytochemicals, Physicochemical properties, TLC
PP 048: Liver and kidney toxicity in Weliwenna (Dimorphocalyx glabellus) Virecana (purgative
action) in the treatment of Kitibha (psoriasis)- A case series
A Devanarayana1, ERHSS Ediriweera2, P Soysa3

1
National Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kayachikithsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Dimorphocalyx glabellus (Family: Euphorbiaceae; Sinhala name: Weliwenna; Tamil name: Tentukki) is
a plant used in Virecana Karma in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. It is also used in the treatment of
skin diseases especially in Kitibha (psoriasis). The present study was carried out to determine the
biochemical changes in Waliwenna Virecana therapy. Twenty patients with Kitibha (psoriasis) were
treated with Weliwenna Virecana. The decoction for Virechana was prepared by mixing 5 g of
powdered fresh root bark of Weliwenna with 120 ml of boiling water. The filtered decoction was
administered orally. Blood samples were collected before and at the end of the treatment (48 hour)
of Virecana. Serum samples were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), for liver function and urea and creatinine
levels for kidney function. The liver function tests were within the normal range before the
treatment except for two patients. The values were decreased in all patients including the two
patients who showed higher values after the treatment with Weliwenna. No significant difference
was observed in blood urea levels or creatinine levels before and after treatment with Weliwenna
Virecanacan and the values are in the reference range. The Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to
compare the treatment effects. P values < 0.05 were considered as significant for all experiments.
Our study shows that Weliwenna Virecana therapy can be employed to treat Kitibha (psoriasis)
disease without any damage to the liver or kidney.
Keywords: Kitibha, psoriasis, Virecana, Weliwenna, toxicity
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PP 049: Antioxidant Activity Of Linklive CareTM: A hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation

1
Depatment of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Pathology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Link LivecareTM (LLC): a new hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation that consists of 14 herbs:
Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Phyllanthus amarus, P. emblica, Piper longum, Terminalia
chebula, T. bellerica, Tinospora codifolia, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Boerrhavia diffusa,
Osbekia octandra, Tephrosia purpurea and Vernonia cinerea was formulated by an expert panel of
Ayurvedic physicians at Link Natural Product (Pvt) limited. The antioxidant capacity of LLC was
evaluated via total phenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2-azinobis-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity.
The gallic acid equivalent phenolic content of the LLC was 1050/7g. DPPH scavenging activity of the
extract of LLC (10 -300 μg/ml) and gallic acid (2 -10 μg/ml) exhibited dose dependent activity with
IC50 values of 50 μg/ ml and 5 μg/ ml, respectively. ABTS cation scavenging activity of trolox (0.125 -
2 μg/ml) and LLC (50- 1000 μg/ml) also showed dose dependent scavenging activity. Trolox the
standard showed 97% scavenging activity at 1 μg/ml whereas LLC showed 55% scavenging activity at
1000 μg/ml. Quercetin (25 -400 μg/ ml) and the extract of LLC (50 -1000 μg/ ml) showed a dose
dependent elevation in NO scavenging activity. Quercetin the positive control reached 58 % at 400
μg/ ml. At the same concentration the extract of LLC showed 50 % NO scavenging activity
respectively. These results show that the antioxidant capacity of the extract of LLC is low compared
to the standards, except in the NO scavenging activity assay. This indicates that anti-oxidant effects
do not play an important role in the reported hepatoprotective activity of LLC.
Keywords: hepatoprotective formulation, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS, NO scavenging activity
PP 050: Edible gel from Gracilaria salicornia for health food application
GDP Somasiri1, I Wijesekara1, I Wickramasinghe1, K Sivaram2, S Thiruchenduran3

1
Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
Hayleys AquaAgri (Pvt.) Ltd., Hayleys Agriculture Holdings, Sri Lanka
3
Institute of Postharvest Technology, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Sri Lanka
Seaweed has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. The objective is to develop food gels
from Gracilaria salicornia as red seaweed is currently under-utilized in Sri Lanka. Gacilaria salicornia
was collected from Valaipadu beach in the Northern Province. The proximate composition was
determined by AOAC methods, while total carbohydrate was determined from the Dubois method.
Agar gel was extracted by hot water extraction. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of dried
seaweed powder were screened. The extracted agar yield, textural properties, and infra-red (FT-IR)
spectrum were investigated and the results were compared with laboratory-grade agar. Gracilaria
salicornia contained crude protein as 8.67 ± 0.11%, crude lipids as 1.7367 ± 0.12% and considerably
high amounts of ash as minerals 27.36 ± 0.24%. The gel hardness of the gel solution (1.5%, w/v) was
180
551.7 ± 46.5 g, while the commercial agar tested was 5926.7±127 g. The gel viscosity at 80̊C (1.5%
gel solution) was 4.667± 1.155CP, while the commercial agar was 14.667 ± 0.577 CP. The FT-IR
spectrum is almost similar with commercial agar. The gel strength and viscosity of the yielded gels
were significantly different (p≤0.05) and lower than the commercial agar gel. The seaweed examined
in this work has appreciable protein, mineral and low total lipid content, and it can be used as
ingredients for health foods including food gels for diabetics.
Keywords: seaweeds, Gracilaria salicornia, health foods, gels, nutraceuticals
PP 051: In-vitro cytotoxicity of Linamarin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles against human

breast cancer cells
IHV Nicholas1, V Karunaratne2, GAJ Amaratunga3, DN Karunaratne2, SR Samarakoon4

1
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
3
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Sri Lanka
4
Institute of Bio Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Bio technology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Nanoparticulate delivery of nutraceuticals provides a new insight in prevention and therapy for
cancer. Linamarin, found in cassava has proven as a drug candidate for cancer treatment due to its
cyanogenic property. In this study the in vitro cytotoxicity of linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles
were evaluated using MCF-7 cells. Linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were obtained by ionic
gelation between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphste and characterized using dynamic light
scattering, FT-IR, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), TEM and SEM techniques. The cytotoxicity of
free linamarin and linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were assessed by SRB assay. Cells were
exposed to different concentrations of linamarin loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and free
linamarin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Synthesized nanoparticles were around 50 nm with higher
positive zeta potential and higher encapsulation efficiencies (85%). The successful loading was
confirmed by FT-IR and TGA results. Time dependent cytotoxicity was highlighted than dose
dependent cytotoxicity in linamarin loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Cell viability was decreased to
about 40-50% after 48 h and to about 24-38% after 72 h with the nanoparticles. In free linamarin,
50% inhibition of cells was not achieved even after 72 h. The IC50 value after 72 h for linamarin
loaded chitosan nanoparticles was 26.48 μg/mL while it was 373.50 μg/mL for free linamarin. The
morphological observations obtained by inverted microscopy were in good agreement with those
results. In vitro cytotoxicity results revealed that when linamarin was loaded into nanoparticles, it
was delivered and internalized more effectively than free linamarin.
Keywords: chitosan, nanoparticles, nutraceuticals, linamarin, MCF-7 cells
181
PP 052: Evaluation of the potential antioxidant properties and proximate chemical compositions
of Indian and Ethiopian black cumin (Nigella sativa)
RCN Thilakarathna, SB Nawarathna

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri
Lanka
This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of using Indian and Ethiopian varieties of black
cumin for the food and pharmaceutical industries by analyzing their phytochemical and proximate
compositions. The antioxidant capacities of ethanol extracts of the two varieties were preliminary
determined for the presence of antioxidants by testing reducing power and following quantification
by DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ABTS assay. Proximate chemical compositions were
compared in these two varieties. Higher antioxidant capacity was observed in the Ethiopian variety
than in the Indian variety. DPPH radical scavenging assay: IC50 value of 8.30± 1.34mg and 7.22± 0.27
mg of Gallic acid equivalents per mL. ABTS radical scavenging assay: IC50 value of 9.29± 0.31 mg and
6.82 ± 1.9 mg of Gallic acid equivalents per mL respectively. Proximate analysis of Indian Nigella
seeds showed that moisture content (8.11%), crude protein (23.13%) and total carbohydrate
(32.70%) were slightly higher than the quantities of Indian variety and fat (37.03%), fiber(6.90%)
contents were slightly higher in the Ethiopian variety. Both Ethiopian and Indian varieties of black
cumin could be identified as a great potential to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries
because of its high antioxidant capacity and both are potential sources of dietary fibre and fat.
Keywords: nigella sativa, Indian and Ethiopian varieties, antioxida
PP 053: Evaluation of the potential antioxidant properties of three varieties of sea weed collected
from Sri Lankan coastal areas
SD Rukunayaka, RAUJ Marapana

Departmennt of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardanepura,
Sri Lanka
This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using three underutilized sea weed species
found in Sri Lankan coastal areas; Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum muticum and Caulerpa
racemose, for the food and pharmaceutical industries by analyzing their antioxidant capacity and
total phenolic content. Sargassum crassifolium and Caulerpa racemosa from the south western
coast, Hikkaduwa, and Sargassum muticum from the Nothern coast, Jaffna, were manually collected,
cleaned and were oven dried at 60 ̊C for 6-7 hours. The antioxidant potential of the three varieties
were determined both in dried and fresh form after being extracted into methanol by evaluating
DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ABTS assay. The highest antioxidant capacity and total
phenolics were observed in Sargassum muticum (DPPH radical scavenging assay: IC50 value of 3.17 ±
0.35 mg of GAE per mL & the TPC of 23.62 ± 0.84 ppm) whereas the lowest was recorded in Caulerpa
racemosa. (DPPH radical scavenging assay: IC50 value of 0.98 ± 0.62 mg of GAE per mL & the TPC of
16.49 ± 0.53 ppm) All three varieties showed higher antioxidant capacity in fresh form than in dried
form. Sargassum muticum shows the greatest potential to be used in food and pharmaceutical
industries because of its high antioxidant capacity and it is best utilized in fresh form.
Keywords: seaweeds, Sargassum, Caulerpa, antioxidant, total phenolics
182
PP 054: Determination of in vitro sun protection factor of methanolic leaf extract of Adenanthera
pavonina
NA Sanjeewani1, RN Pathirana2, WD Rathnasooriya2

1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense
Adenenthera pavonina (Family: Fabaceae), locally known as “Madatiya”, is a medicinally valuable

plant used to treat a variety of diseases in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of leaves of A. pavonina. Leaves were collected from
Aranayake, Sri Lanka and identified from the National Herbarium of Sri Lanka. Air-dried, powdered
plant material was sonicated for 20 minutes in distilled methanol. The filtrate was evaporated to
dryness and subjected to phytochemical analysis. The concentration series of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and
0.05 mg/mL of leaf extract and a solution of 2.0 mg/mL Dermatone® were prepared in methanol.
The absorbance of each sample was determined in triplicate by spectrophotometry in the range of
290–320 nm, at 5 nm intervals, using methanol as the blank. SPF values were calculated using
Mansur equation. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract of A. pavonina contains alkaloids.
The SPF of leaf extracts with respect to the concentrations 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.05 mg/mL and
Dermatone® were 36.61, 35.56, 26.54, 14.99, 3.09 and 34.26, respectively. According to Pearson’s
correlation, a positive statistically not significant relationship was observed between SPF and
concentration (r=0.9619, p<0.05). Since extract of A. pavonina showed desired sunscreen activity,
this easily available herb can be used for development of a safe and potential sunscreen cream for
an affordable price.
Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, Sun Protection Factor, methanolic extract, sunscreen
PP 055: The issues and challenges of introducing modern technology to the Ayurvedic Health Care
System
WHAP Senanayake
The Ayurvedic Health Care System (AHCS) is popular among Sri Lankans as well as gaining popularity
in the modern world. Therefore, there is an essential need of introducing modern technology (MT)
to the AHCS in the process of Globalization. Our AHCS has a large number of different traditional
ways to diagnose and cure diseases. Ancient rishis of Ayurveda use super mental power. They use
the third eye to diagnose. But today with more physical development than mental, darshana,
sparshana, shravana, aggrana and rasana pareeksha may apply with some limitations. The objective
of this study was to identify lack of knowledge as a challenge and barrier of introducing MT to AHCS.
A survey method was adopted as the research methodology and 100 AHC professionals (age 30-70
years) and 100 patients (age 30-70 years) at Colombo and Gampaha during 2013-2015 were included
as the research samples. Data collection was conducted using a self-administrated 20 questions
questionnaire among participants and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Lack of
183
knowledge about modern technology applications among AHC Professionals (37%) and patients
(57%) was shown. Challenges identified were; western medical professionals having less knowledge
about AHCS (76%); lack of government supports and investments due to poorly-skilled policy makers
of the upper ranks of AHCS (48%); and lack of monitoring of improvements of the few modern
technologies which apply to AHCIs (98%). In conclusion, lack of knowledge about introducing MT to
AHCS among Ayurveda health care professionals, patients, Allopathic medical professionals and the
policy makers are significant issues and barriers.
Keywords: modern technology, Ayurveda health care system, knowledge
PP 056: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of biogenic silver

nanoparticles from Garcinia cambogia
M Napagoda1, S De Soyza1, G Wijayaratne2, S Witharana3

1
2
3
Faculty of Engineering, Higher Colleges of Technology, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
The emergence of multi-drug resistant micro-organisms is a global problem that demands the
development of alternative antimicrobial remedies. Although silver nanoparticles appear as
promising candidates against microbial resistance, the conventional physio-chemical methods
involved in the synthesis are potentially harmful to the environment. As a consequence, the biogenic
synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been actively pursued as an environmentally benign approach.
Therefore, the present study is undertaken to synthesize silver nano-particles from fruits of Garcinia
cambogia; a common plant in Sri Lanka, and to evaluate the antimicrobial and disinfectant
properties of the nano-preparations. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of G. cambogia were
treated with silver nitrate and the development of nano-particles was monitored using UV-visible
spectrophotometer. Subsequently, the nano-preparations were screened for antimicrobial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and nine strains of Methicillin-
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by broth micro-dilution assay. The change in the initial colour of the
reaction mixture and the high absorbance between 220-240 and 440-460 nm indicated the
reduction of silver ions into elemental silver. The morphology of the synthesized nano-particles was
confirmed through scanning electron microscopy as clusters in the range of 200 nm. The minimum
inhibitory concentration values were observed in the range of 31.25 -125 µg/mL against the tested
microorganisms. These preliminary findings provide a solid platform towards the development of
eco-friendly silver nano-formulation with potent disinfectant properties. Detailed studies on
antimicrobial and disinfectant properties and the mode of action of synthesized silver nano-particles
are in progress.
Keywords: biogenic, Garcinia cambogia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, silver nano-
particles
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PP 057: A Review- Physiological changes and health benefits of Meditation (Thiyanam)
S Varnakulendran1, MC Riyas2, V Shiyamala2

1
Siddhamedicine, Trincomalee campus, Eastern university of Sri Lanka
2
Teaching Hospital of Siddha medicine, Konesapuri, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
Both Pathanjali and Thirumolar are expert siddhars in attanga Yoga. Meditation is a scientific art for
resting mind and attaining complete control over the mind. Among the eight limbs, the Thiyanam or
meditation is seventh step which is presents in a manner of verse in Thirumanthiram by
Thirumoolar. The aim of the review was to expedite the physiology and its effect of mental and
physical health. The reputed siddha text and modern text were reviewed as well as the Journals from
Elsevier, Pubmed, Medline and Medlar etc, were consulted to fulfill this review. Transcendental
meditation gives, an integrated response with peripheral circulation and metabolic changes,
increased cardiac output and cerebral blood flow and apparent cessation of carbon dioxide in the
body. Meditation gives neurological changes of the body. It enhances telomerase activity lead to
secrete higher levels of melatonin and serotonin. There are many scientific studies were conducted
on the benefits of meditation. Psychologically it enhance emotional wellbeing such as reduce
worries, anxiety stress, fear, loneliness, and depression, enhance self-esteem and self-acceptance
improve mood and emotional intelligence. Meditation gives a boost for mind such as increasing
mental strength and memory, better cognitive skills and creativity, decision making and problem
solving. Physically, meditation improves immune system, energy level, improve breathing, reduce
blood pressure, prevent arthritis, fibromyalgia, and lengthen longevity etc. It is concluded that
proper yogic meditation induces kundalani and ignite electro-thermal induction (Moolaperuneruppu)
via Ventrothalamic tract (Veenathandu) and secrete amuthu (Nectar) from pineal gland which
nourishes energy of mind and body by its physiological function.
Keywords: addanga Yoga, meditation, pineal gland
PP 058: A critical review of assessing the correlation between prognostic values in breast cancer
patients and Yoga based stress reduction
S Yogeswaran1, R de Silva1, T Somasundaram2

1
World Class University Project, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Institute of Post-harvest Technology, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Sri Lanka
It is reported that stress could possibly increase the metastatic spread of cancer. Evidence suggests
Yoga has been utilized as a therapeutic intervention to reduce stress in cancer patients. This review
focuses on critically assessing the correlation between the outcomes of prognostic values in breast
cancer patients and stress reduction on Yoga based therapeutic interventions. Database searches
were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and Cochrane Library through October 2017. 4
out of 8 articles were screened based on perceived stress level measured during or post-treatment
using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Total PSS score of Pre/Post intervention were statistically
analyzed, in studies met with inclusion criteria. They were four Randomized Control Trials with a
total of 196 participants. Evidence was found for short-term effects on perceived stress
[Standardized Mean Difference = 1.531 [95% CI: 0.509; 2.552]; p= 0.003)] and revealed evidence of
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efficacy only for Yoga in stress reduction during active cancer treatment. However, none of the
above studies assessed the correlation between stress reduction and metastatic spread or
recurrence rate of cancer. Meta-analysis failed to demonstrate the effect of Yoga on metastatic
spread and recurrence of breast cancer, thus it warrants a long term trial of systematic and scientific
evaluation.
Keywords: Yoga, metastatic spread, stress reduction
PP 059: A study of challenges in dispensing ayurvedic drugs with special reference to Puttulam
district in Sri Lanka
K Sivadharan1, MW Kalyani2
1
Ayurvedic hospital, Kirimetiyana, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Business Administration, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
This research paper discusses the major challenges of dispensing Ayurvedic drugs. Dispensing is one
fold of Chathurpatha. Successful treatment depends on four folds of Chathurpatha. Dispensing
means drug production and deliveries. Currently, drug manufacturing units perform drug production
and pharmacies take over drug deliveries. In the ancient time however, Ayurvedic doctors
performed both activities. The main focus of this study is drug deliveries. Ayurvedic pharmacies face
upward and downward developments. This research statistically discusses the challenges of
dispensing Ayurvedic drugs. This paper, based on the population of the Puttalam district, is designed
with the Ayurvedic dispensing places, namely Ayurvedic hospitals, Ayurvedic central dispensaries,
free Ayurvedic dispensaries, Ayurvedic private practitioner’s places and private Ayurvedic
pharmacies. Variables are reviewed in the literature. The research tool is a structured questionnaire
with the dependent variable of consumer satisfaction and independent variables such as dosage
forms, brands, advertisement, packaging, raw drugs, handling by skilled people, dispensing
environment, over the counter deliveries and simultaneous usage of western and eastern drugs. The
pilot study was based on 30 consumers. The sampling method depends on stratified random
sampling. The analytical tool used was SPSS 22. Factor analysis was with 383 samples. Analysis was
with external factors and internal factors. Results showed that external factors do not influence
Ayurvedic stakeholders as they depend extremely on outsiders. The major challenges encountered
are wrong advertisement, over the counter deliveries and simultaneous usage of western and
eastern drugs.
Keywords: Chathurpatha, Ayurvedic dispensing, consumer satisfaction
PP 060: A study on the common practice of selected traditional guli kalka used in out patient
deapratmet in Ayurveda hospitsls – A liatreure survey
MGDN Balasooriya, WDCK Karunarathna, AMHS Attanayake

Traditional medicine can mentioned as medicinal system which has been developed over
generations by using indigenous knowledge. Sri Lanka also has own traditional medical system.
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There are many Guli, Kalka and Thaila can be found in ancient books. The specialties of these drugs
are they can be used to treat several diseases by changing its Anupana. So aim of this study is to
explore the different usages of some selected traditional Guli and Kalka available in Ayurveda
hospital. Five traditional Guli and Kalka available in Out Patient department (OPD) were selected for
the study. Four diseases also selected and all the Anupana was referred to gather data and were
categorized according to the disease type. According to the results Chandra Kalka, Suranvidura Vati,
Buddharaja Kalka and Seetharama Vati can used to treat Jvara. Chandra kalka, Seetharama Vati and
Suranvidura Vati for stomache pain, Chandra Kalka, Suranvidura Vati, Seetarama Vati and
Nawarathna Kalka for diarrhoea, Chandra Kalka, Suranvidura Vati, Nawarathna Kalka and
Seetarama Vati for vomiting. Among the Anupana for jvara 26% of Anupanas mentioned in Chandra
Kalka and Buddharaja Kalka and 53% in Seetharama Vati. Over 50% formulas found in Seetharama
Vati for vomiting. Navaratna Kalka and Chandra Kalka have over 40% of Anupana for diarrhoea.
According to the results it can be concluded that by changing the Anupana single drug can be used
to treat several diseases. Seetharama Vati and Chandra Kalka can use to treat vomiting and
diarrhoea in the absence of Nawaratna Kalka. In the absence of Seetharama Vati for Jvara,Chandra
Kalkaand Buddharaja Kalka is there to replace it by simply changing the Anupana.
Keywords: traditional medicine, traditional Guli Kalka, Anupana
PP 061: Preliminary survey on mosquito repellent activity of “Pengiri baby oil”
LM Karunagoda
Department of Ayurveda, Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Prevalence of mosquito bites and its consequences are very high during last few months in Sri Lanka
and there were very few market preparations to prevent such bites. Pengiri oil is time tested oil for
such bites but cannot be applied to skin. Therefore, a formulation was developed based on western
baby oil formulation and the efficacy was evaluated by direct application on skin during day time
where mosquito bites are likely to happen. Children between the age group 1-4years were selected
from 04 Gramaniladari divisions of Galle District between June to September 2017. Total 106
individuals of male and female were evaluated for first three hours and the repellent activity as
observed by their parents were or guardian were collected after repeated application for
consecutive seven days. Data were collected based on the structured questionnaire filled by parents.
Collected data were tabulated and percentages were analyzed for the activity response on the first,
second and third hour after application. According to the results, 18% has mentioned that the
activity persist only for the first hour, 49% mentioned that the activity remains upto two hours and
39% mentioned that the activity remains upto three hours. Based on the above results it is very
difficult to come to exact conclusion However, repeated application in every two hours can avoid
mosquito bites in children between the ages 1-4 years to a greater extent without any
complications.
Keywords: Pengiri baby oil, mosquito repellant activity
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PP 063: Efficacy of integrated treatment for degenerative scoliosis with Unani medicine and
physiotherapy - A case study
MFM Fahim1, JF Nairoza2

1
Rural Ayurvedic Hospital, Thirukkovil, Sri Lanka
2
Adult degenerative scoliosis is prevalent in 68% of the asymptomatic population over 60 years. It is a
lateral curvature of the spine (with twisting), type of Tafarruk-e-Ihtisal in Unani system of medicine
(siscontinuity of structure). Degenerative scoliosis, caused by asymmetric degeneration of the facet
joint and inter vertebral disc, leads to increased asymmetric load to the spinal column resulting in
the progression of degeneration and deformity. Scoliosis is commonly ignored until gross cosmetic
effects or signs of structural destruction were witnessed. Muscular imbalance also involves the
progression of this spinal asymmetry. Unani remedies help to restore muscular power and relieve
muscular imbalance. A 50 year old female patient, who reported to the clinic with the complaint of
chronic back pain for 5 years, was diagnosed as degenerative scoliosis. Composite intervention with
oral Unani medicines, heat therapy, exercise therapy, postural managements and external
application were used continuously for 3 months. Objectives of treatment were reduction of pain,
prevention of more curvature, maximal restoration of spine to erect position. Improvement was
evaluated by pain scale 1-10 for pain reduction and pre-and post-x-ray imaging for curvature of
spine. The patient showed 50% improvement within a week and 80% improvement after 3 months
with absence of scoliosis and better quality of life with combined treatment of Unani medicines and
physiotherapy. Study has revealed that integrated treatment modalities were effective in treating
degenerative scoliosis. Further, it is recommended to implement long term and large sample studies
in the future.
Keywords: scoliosis, Tafarruk-e-Ihtisal, spinal asymmetry, muscular imbalance
PP 064: A review on the efficacy of Ithrifale-muqil (Unani poly herbal formula) for Bawaseer
(heamorrhoids)
MJA Fazmiya, MNF Rizniya

Bawaseer (heamorrhoids) is a common anorectal disorder. The prevalence of heamorrhoids is

estimated to be 4.4%, in the worldwide population. Heamorrhoids are defined as the symptomatic
enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushion. Unani physicians describe that
Bawaseer results due to accumulation of Ghair Thabayee Ahlath in particular vessels. Ithrifale-muqil
is a time-tested drug which is prescribed for Bawaseer in the Unani system of Medicine. This study
was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Ithrifale-muqil in Bawaseer. The relevant data were
collected from Unani authentic texts, scientific journals and through electronic media. Results
suggest that the main causes for the development of haemorrhoids are Sawdavi, Balghami or
GhaleezKhoon (morbid matter) and the disturbance in the Mizaj (temperament) of liver and
intestine. Qabs (constipation) is an associating factor for Bawaseer. The Unani poly herbal formula
(Ithrifale Muqil) was prescribed internally and it relieves the condition effectively. It contained
188
Haleela, Baleela, Amila, Maweez and Honey. These ingredients have digestive corrective, Munzij
(coction), Mushil Bulgham Vo Sawda, Mulayin (laxative), DafeBawaseer actions. Further texts
suggest these correct the liver and stomach and rectify ill temperament of the organ. Scientific
research describes pharmacological actions such as gastro-protective, laxative, hepato-protective,
immune-modulatory, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects for the ingredients of
Ithrifale Muqil. Therefore it could be concluded that Ithrifale-muqil is effective in the management of
Bawaseer.
Keywords: Itrifale- muqil, heamorrhoids (Bawaseer)
PP 065: A study on Prakṛti status (body constitution) among adults suffering Dengue
MRS Peiris, W Weerapana, V Senevirathna

According to Ayurveda, Prakṛti means innate character and physical constitution of a person which,
determined at the time of conception, describes ones physical, mental and behavioral features.
Every individual is born with a unique combination of Doṣas, Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha. Although the
person’s body constitution is not changed throughout the life time, seasonal variations, lifestyle
changes and several internal and external factors influence it. Dengue is a viral infection affecting
homeostasis of Tridoṣa. The virus acts as an external factor and, Prakṛti is also involved as a prime
internal factor in dengue infection. However, signs and symptoms of dengue are varying and the
majority is asymptomatic. A minority develops mild to severe signs and symptoms and it is difficult
to predict who will develop into the critical phase. For this reason, an observational study to
determine Prakṛti status of adults suffering dengue, with a view to explore better patient care
management through Ayurveda, was performed. A number of thirty adults who suffered dengue
infection were interviewed and, prepared questionnaires were filled by Ayurveda medical officers.
Demographic data and data related to dengue infection were obtained and Prakṛti statuses of the
participants were assessed. In the study, male representation was 53% and female was 47%.
Majority (83%) were experiencing the first episode of dengue infection and 17% were having a
secondary episode. Among them 77% suffered dengue fever and 23% dengue heamorrhagic fever.
Assessing individual’s Prakṛti status showed that participants who belong to Pitta-Vāta and, Pitta-
KaphaPrakṛti were 37% each and Kewala Pitta was 23%. Hence, it can be concluded that the
individuals whose Pitta Doṣa is dominant were highly susceptible to dengue in this study.
Keywords: Prakṛti, adults, dengue
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PP 067: Combination of Ayurveda regimen and wet cupping in management of sciatic nerve
compression - A case study
LSB Nuwansiri1, SR Abeysooriya2

1
2
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. The fourth and fifth lumbar nerve roots and the
first three sacral roots joint in the lumbar sacral flexes to form the peroneal and tibial nerves and
they leave the pelvis in an ensheathed single trunk as the sciatic Nerve. Sciatica may begin either
suddenly with physical activity or slowly. Sciatic pain has aching and sharp components and radiates
along lower limbs or lower buttock. The pain that extends from the buttocks down the course of the
sciatic nerve is common. Nearly 90% of cases are associated with a disc disorder. According to
Ayurveda signs and symptoms, it is much similar to Gudrasi. In this case study, the patient was
suffering from sciatic pain due to disc herniation of L4-L5. The patient was treated with wet cupping,
VāsāguducīKaṣāya , Sciatalone, Nādī Sweda with Daśamoola Kwātha (NSDM), paedic paste (PP),
AbaMurungā fermentation (FAM) in first week, Sinhāsya Pañcamūlī Kaṣāya, Yogarāja Guggulu,
NSDM, FAM in second week and Māṣabalā Kaṣāya, Aśwagandhā Rasāyana, Kativasti with Nārāyana,
Rāsnā Aśwagandhā fermentation in third week, respectively. The symptomatic reduction was
evaluated with Sciatic Bothersomeness Index (SBI) and Sciatica Frequency index (SFI) and conformed
with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The patient recorded remarkable reduction in symptoms
to continue daily routine activities after the treatments.
Keywords: sciatica, Gudrasi, wet cupping
PP 068: A case study on Ayurvedic management of Grade IV Endometriosis associated with Sub-
fertility
HP Wakkumbura, SA Dissanayake
Department of Kaumarabruthya and Stree Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. Of the sub-fertile women, 20-50% are
affected by this disease. Endometriosis is normally managed using surgical therapy in Allopathic
treatment, but the problem tends to return and women need to go for repeated surgeries.
Endometriosis is not directly mentioned in Ayurveda texts, but recent authors categorize this disease
under the Vataki Yoni Vyapat. Here, an effort was made to treat a 35 year old female with clinically
diagnosed grade Grade IV Endometriosis associated with subfertility, who presented to the
Subfertility clinic of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, by using multiple
Ayurvedic treatment modalities . Both internal and local treatments were administered to the
patient including patyapatya (dietary pattern and behaviors). The patient conceived within 2
months of treatment and she continued to follow further treatments up to the birth of a healthy
female baby.
Keywords: Endometriosis, Vataki Yoni Vyapat
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PP 069: A case report on the Ayurvedic management of amenorrhea associated with high levels of
FSH and LH Hormones
SA Dissanayake, HP Wakkumbura
Department of Kaumarabruthya and Stree Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as Amenorrhea of 6 months or more in a woman with previously

normal menstrual patterns, in the absence of pregnancy and lactation. Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH) released by the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland also secretes
luteinizing hormone (LH), another gonadotropin. In women, LH stimulates estrogen and
progesterone production from the ovary. A surge of LH in the mid menstrual cycle is responsible for
ovulation, and continued LH secretion, which subsequently stimulates the corpus luteum to produce
progesterone. Development of the ovarian follicle is largely under FSH control, and the secretion of
estrogen from this follicle is dependent on FSH and LH. According to Ayurveda, secondary
amenorrhea is described as destruction of Artava (Nastratava) as well as one of the symptoms of
Artav-vaha strotas viddha lakshna. Here, an effort was made to treat a 35 year old female with
clinically diagnosed secondary amenorrhea (with 114.3 mIU/ml of FSH level and 18.9 mIU/ml of LH),
using Ayurvedic treatment modalities, including decoctions, pills and tablets. She presented to the
Gynecology clinic of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital. Both internal and local
treatments such as taila abyanga were administered to the patient, including patyapatya (dietary
pattern and behaviors). After 6 months of treatment, the patient recovered from the amenorrhea
condition with the laboratory investigations of 18.5 mIU/ml and 5.15 mIU/ml for FSH level and LH
level, respectively.
Keywords: amenorrhoea, Artava, FSH, LH
PP 070: A clinical study on the management of Ardhāvabhedaka
RMD Jayasena, MNM Jayarathne, PKH Dharmawijaya

Ardhāvabhedaka is one among the eleven types of Śiroroga. It can be correlated with migraine,
based on the similarity in etiology, pathology, symptoms and treatment principles. Migraine is the
second most common cause of headache. W.H.O has ranked migraine as number 19 among all
diseases worldwide causing disability. Migraine headache attacks may be triggered by; allergic
reactions, bright lights, loud noises, odors or perfumes, physical or emotional stress, changes in
sleep patterns, smoking or exposure to smoke, skipping meals and alcohol. Ayurveda is a nearly 3000
year old traditional medical system. People often turn to Ayurveda physicians for desperate
conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect ofBalā Bilva Śuṇṭhi Kaṣāya available at
market in the management of Ardhāvabhedaka.20patients suffering from Ardhāwabhedaka were
registered and givenBalā Bilva Śuṇṭhi Kwātha 30 ml thrice a day for oral administration for a
duration of 3 months. All subjects completed the 90 days of Ayurveda treatments. This treatment
brought significant relief in reducing the frequency, intensity of pain and associated symptoms in
191
migraine patients. The result on severity of pain showed high statistical significance with p value
<0.001. The result on duration of pain showed highly significant effect with P value< 0.100. The
result on frequency of attack showed highly significant effect with P value <0.001. The results on
nausea, vomiting, photophobia, vertigo, visual disturbances and tenderness showed high statistical
significance with p value <0.100. Eleven subjects reported significant improvement in overall
symptoms of migraine. Overall assessment showed statistically highly significant results with the
p<0.100.
Keywords: Ardhāvabhedaka, migraine, Balā Bilva Śuṇṭhi Kwātha
PP 071: Effect of traditional fomentation in the management of Gridrasi
RMD Jayasena, MNM Jayarathne, PKH Dharmawijaya

Low back pain is one of the common conditions of loco motor system disorder and affects people
during their productive life. About 40% of cases of low back pain are radicular in origin and
considered under the category of sciatic syndrome. Gridhrasi (sciatica) is one among Vāta-vyādhi
caused by aggravated Vāta Doṣa. It is characterized by burning, stinging or numbing pain that is felt
in the buttock, thigh, leg or foot. It may or may not be associated with low back pain. It is a pain
dominant disease and reduces human activity considerably in terms of personal as well as social and
professional life. In this study patients who suffered from Gridhrasi since 1 month were treated with
traditional Sri Lankan pottalī called Mīpotu thewilla. The purpose of the study was to assess the
effect ofMīpotu thewilla on the management of Gridhrasi. A total of 30 patients of Gridhrasi were
registered and fomented with Mīpotu thewilla twice a day for 14 days. After the treatment, 70% of
patients developed SLRT test up to 900. 51% of the patients improved moderately while mild
improvement was observed in 47.09% of the patients related to the severity of pain. Pottalī showed
better effect on patients of VātaKaphaja type of Gridhrasi in comparison of Pittaja type of Gridhrasi.
Keywords: Gridhrasi, Mīpotu thewilla, sciatica
PP 072: A case study on the management of SandigataVata
RMD Jayasena1, MNM Jayarathne1, PKH Dharmawijaya2

1
University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2
A 56-year-old female with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) (Sandhigata Vata) of the right knee joint is
reviewed here. Radiology (X-ray) report confirmed joint space narrowing with oesteophyte
formation. Prior to treatment, the Knee Society Rating System scores of pain, movement and
stability were poor, and the function score was fair. Sri Lankan traditional and Ayurveda medicine
treatment was given for 90 days with external operation (Thrayodashanga Gugul 2 bd, Pilathbeblila
Kasaya 120ml 2bd, Vata Viduranga oil 60ml for external application). A visual analogue scale for
pain, knee scores in the Knee Society online rating system and an Ayurveda clinical assessment
criteria was used to evaluate the effects of treatments on a weekly basis. After treatment for 90
days, the Knee Society Rating System scores of pain, movement and stability were improved up to a
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‘good’ level and function score was improved up to ‘excellent’ level. During the follow-up period,
joint symptoms and signs and the knee scores were unchanged. In conclusion, this OA patient's
quality of life was improved by the combined treatment of Sri Lankan traditional medicine and
Ayurveda.
Keywords: Sandigata Vata, osteoarthritis
PP 073: Antibacterial action and clinical effect of the Pañcawalkala in the management of
hemorrhoids
MIJ Jayakody1, AAJ Pushpakumara2

1
2
Department of Shalya, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
The word Pañcawalkala is used frequently in Nighantu Granthas like Dhanvantri,Raja, Bhavaprakash
etc. Pañcawalkala is one of the ideal combinations for a vast range of therapeutics focused in
Ayurveda. Clinically Pañcawalkala i.e. groups of barks of five trees Nuga (Ficus bengalensis),
Aththikka (Ficus racemosa), Bo (Ficus religiosa), Pulila (Ficus lacor) and Wewel (Calamus rotang), is
found to be very effective in Vrana shodana and also has Grahi, Shothahara action. The objective of
the study was to evaluate the antibacterial action and clinical effect of Panchawalkala in the
management of Hemorrhoid. In this study 60 patients with hemorrhoids (grade two) were randomly
selected and patients were reviewed on a weekly basis for a total of eight weeks. Clinical diagnosis
was done by assessing the signs and symptoms of international criteria for hemorrhoids such as;
bleeding from rectum, pain, itching sensation, prolapse, and mucous discharge. The antibacterial
activities of Pañcawalkala Avagaha were tested against S. aureus, S. agalactea, E. coli and P.
aeuruginosa human pathogenic bacteria. Zone of inhibition of extract were compared with medium
of amoxicillin. The antibacterial activity was classified as highly active (>20 mm), mild active (15-20
mm), slightly active (12-15 mm) and less than 12 mm was taken as inactive. The present study
revealed Streptococus is highly active in medium amoxicillin and mildly active in Pañcawalkala
medium, E-coli is highly active in medium amoxicillin and inactive in Pañcawalkala medium.
Pseudomonasaeuruginosa is mildly active in medium amoxicillin and inactive in Pañcawalkala
medium. Staphylococus aureous is highly active in both medium.
Keywords: Pañcawalkala, antibacterial, hemorrhoid
PP 074: Evidence based effects of ingredients of Navaratna Kalka on pain modulation of primary
dysmenorrhea
KNA Dharmasena, ND Kodithuwakku

Navaratna Kalka (NK) is one of the valuable drugs of the traditional medical system; used in ‘pain’
prominent diseases. It comprises 15 herbs; mainly Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica with 4
varieties of Fennels, Licorice, Clove, Wild Celery, etc. NK is found to be effective in Kaṣṭa Rajas
(which can be correlated to dysmenorrhea) in general practice. Nevertheless, it is not recommended
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in Kaṣṭa Rajas authentically. Conventional treatments for dysmenorrhea include NSAIDs,
contraceptives and COX inhibitors in an attempt to help the pain causing factors such as, hyper-
contractility, prostaglandin E concentrations. Yet these do not provide adequate relief of pain and
symptoms. Furthermore, due to their adverse effects, safe and effective treatments are still
warranted. Hence, this study was designed to analyze evidence based efficacy of NK in pain
modulation of ‘Kaṣṭa Rajas’. Relevant traditional texts, Ayurveda texts and electronic databases such
as PubMed, Scopus, Cochran and Science Direct were searched to acuminate scientific evidence.
Based on these, 31 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) and recent research studies of ingredients on
analgesic effects were selected. Identified analgesic effects of ingredients were similar to NSAIDS
and COX inhibitors. Further, convincing RCT evidence supported the efficacy of individual herbs of
NK for dysmenorrhea. Analytical study of Ayurveda pharmacological properties of NK showed,
KaṭuRasa, Laghu and Rūkṣa Guṇa, Uṣṇa Vīrya and Madhura Vipāka as predominant properties
synergistically; whereas Kaṣṭa Rajas as a feature of vitiated Apāna Vāta due to misuse of food and
behavior. In conclusion, all the ingredients of NK have evidence based analgesic effect on
dysmenorrhea. Moreover, Ayurveda analytical studies validated the capability of NK for pacifying
vitiated Apāna Vāta in Kaṣṭa Rajas. Thus, NK should be considered as a potential drug for
dysmenorrhea.
Keywords: Navaratna Kalka, Kaṣṭa Rajas, dysmenorrhoea, pain modulation
PP 075: Potential of Azadirachta indica (Margosa) for controlling bacterial and fungal pathogens-
A review
WMNDK Wijekoon, AGD Pavithra, DNM Gunathilaka, PN Yapa

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Margosa (Azadirachta indica) is a well-known medicinal plant, used widely in folk medicine in Sri
Lanka and India. Its leaves, bark, fruits, seeds and oil which contains antibacterial and antifungal
compounds can be used to treat various health conditions. Literature was searched to assess
potential antibacterial and antifungal properties of Margosa. It was reported that Margosa contains
active substances with multiple medicinal properties. The main active constituent of Margosa is
azadirachtin which is an effective antimicrobial agent. The other antibacterial agents are nimbidin,
nimbin, nimbolide, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin and margolone. These properties play a major
role in treating vaginal infections (including chronic Candida infections and bacterial vaginosis),
treating acne, clearing gingivitis and reducing plaque. Margosa leaves have antibacterial activity
which could be used for controlling airborne bacterial infections. Further, researchers have shown
that leaf extract of Margosa can be used against human pathogens such as pathogenic strains of
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus
aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It was evidenced that Margosa oil has suppressed Salmonella
typhosa. Margosa has also shown toxicity against fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton,
Microsporum, Trichosporon, Geotrichum and Candida. However, some components of Margosa can
cause side effects such as rashes, swelling, liver and kidney damage with the excessive doses, though
these occurrences are rare. It can be concluded that Azadirachta indica can be used as a potent
biocide to treat various bacterial and fungal infections in both traditional and complementary
medicine, even in the modern era.
Keywords: Azadirachta indica, traditional medicine, antibacterial, antifungal, azadirachtin
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PP 076: Kalanchoe pinnata (Akkapana) as a herbal treatment for urinary stones - A review
KMSM Gangathilaka, JAAWL Jayasekara, PWIM Chandrasekara, DMM Bandaranayake

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Herbal plants have been used throughout human history for various purposes such as therapeutic
agents for the prevention of various ailments. Many people suffer from common diseases like kidney
stones, gall stones and urinary stones. Urinary stones have gained increasing significance due to
changes in living conditions, such as lack of drinking water. Stones are hard masses that form in the
urinary tract and may cause pain, bleeding, infection or block the flow of urine. Stones are made of
minerals in the urine that form crystals. About 85% of the stones are composed of calcium and the
remainder are composed of various substances, including uric acid, cystine, or struvite. Stones may
form because the urine becomes too saturated with salts and when urine lacks the normal inhibitors
(eg, citrate) of stone formation. Herbal plants have been used for centuries for this problem due to
its safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and lesser side effects as compared to synthetic drugs.
Kalanchoe pinnata, a commonly used herbal plant contains important chemical constitutes like malic
acid, alkaloids, triterpenes, glycosides and flavonoids. It helps in the treatment of urinary stones by
stimulating the production of urine. It can also enhance the reducing properties of the calcium
oxalate crystals by reducing its size and it promotes the formation of calcium oxalate dehydrate
crystals rather than monohydrate crystals. Moreover the size of the crystals gradually reduces with
the increasing concentration of the extracts. Thus it can be used to control urolithiasis.
Keywords: crystals, urolithaisis, calcium oxalate
PP 077: Effect of Costus speciosus in eradication of Chickenpox scabs – A case study
VGSI Nuwan1, ERHSS Ediriweera2, RKR Wasana1

1
Ayurveda Central Dispensary, Boliyadda, Sri Lanka
2
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Healthy skin reflects a healthy body condition. Skin gets
wrinkles, folds and lines with aging and scars and scabs due to various diseases. Chickenpox is one
such disease with many effects to the skin. The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms
itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. Costus speciosus (Sinhala: Thebu) is a succulent perennial
herb with spirally arranged leaves. It is an important medicinal and ornamental plant cultivated in
moist and evergreen areas. Consuming Costus speciosus (CS) in the form of Mallum, curry and salad
in treatment of scabs resulting from chickenpox is a home remedy practiced in Sri Lanka. So far no
scientific study has been conducted to observe the effect of CS on chickenpox scabs. Hence this
study was carried out. Two patients, aged between 20 to 30 years, having scabs from chickenpox
were selected. One patient was given CS prepared as Mellum, curry and salad made from tender
young shoots and young leaves for a period of 10 days, after recovering from fever. The other
patient was kept on a normal diet. Both patients were not subjected to any other medicine. All the
scabs disappeared after 12 days in the patient who was given CS. With the untreated patient, scabs
disappeared after 32 days. This study supports the idea that consuming CS helps to reduce scabs
arising from chickenpox faster.
Keywords: chickenpox, Costus specious, scabs
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PP 078: Efficacy of Acupuncture on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – A case study
KGCP Gamage1, SS Hettige2

1
2
Sir Anton Jayasuriya International College of Acupuncture, Sri Lanka
In acupuncture, fine needles are inserted in the skin at specific points along the paths of energy
which are considered as the windows of vital energy in our body. As a safe and effective holistic
medicine, it is a main stream of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This study aims to assess the
efficacy of acupuncture treatment in Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), a painful condition of the hand
& fingers due to the compression of the median nerve where it passes over the carpal bones at the
wrist. The present case was retrospectively studied at Sir Anton Jayasuriya International College of
Acupuncture in 2016. The patient was a 60 years old female who presented with the symptoms of
numbness of the right hand and thumb and difficulty in gripping objects. The patient was under
medication for diabetes mellitus (DM) for 5 years and felt numbness in both soles. The physical
examination revealed, BMI 25kgm-2, initial blood pressure 130/70 mmHg, pulse rate 74/min.
Investigations revealed she was R/CTS positive. The treatment was initiated with principles of
acupuncture. Baihui (Du.20), Shenmen (H.7), Lieque (Lu.7), Taiyuan(Lu.9), Neiguan (P.6),
Yanglingquan (G.B. 34), Hegu (L.I.4), Neiting ( St. 44), Yingtang(Ex.1), Yungchuan (K.1) were the main
acupuncture points used. The patient was asked to continue physiotherapy along with Acupuncture
management. It was noticed that the patient felt absence of pain, numbness and improvement in
gripping ability. Lifestyle modification and proper day to day activities are essential in addition to
treatment which prevents nerve and muscle damage in fingers and hand. Hence this case supports
the idea that Acupuncture treatment (along with physiotherapy) is effective on CTS.
Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, acupuncture
PP 079: A clinical study of selected herbal powder (Ipomoea mauritiana, Asparagus gonoclados
and Withania somnifera) in the management of oligospermia (Kṣīṇaśukra)
AMT Samantha Sri1, HP Wakkumbura2

1
Department of Ayurveda, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kaumarabhuthya and Stree Roga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institiute, University
of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Infertility (vandhyatva) is a condition of couples that have regular intercourse without using any
contraception, but failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of trying. According to
World Health Organization, up to 23% of men investigated have infertility. Of the causes of
infertility, oligospermia (Kṣīṇaśukra), a low sperm count is one of the main causes of male infertility.
In this research, the efficacy of a herbal combination (A3) consisting of Ipomoea mauritiana,
Asparagus gonoclados andWithania somnifera in the management of oligospermia was evaluated
using a randomized controlled trial. Two groups (test and control) of 30 patients were randomly
selected from volunteers of low sperm counts patients at the infertility clinic of Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Yakkala, with written consent. Test group was treated
with A3 powder and control group with Triphalā cūrna for 3 months. Data were collected using
196
Seminal fluid analysis before and after treatment. Data were statistically analyzed using student’s t –
tests on SAS (9.1). P<0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that there is a significant
increase of the concentration and volume of sperm in test group patients (135% and 47%) compared
to the control group (7% and 22%). Therefore this study found that A3 powder had the ability to
increase the sperm count and volume so can have a significant effect in the management of
oligospermia.
Keywords: infertility, Kṣīṇaśukra, oligospermia, vandhyatva
PP 080: Traditional bloodletting therapy and scientific truth behind it - A review
U Saranya
Unit of siddha medicine, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University of Sri Lanka
The traditional medical system is based on the concept of equilibrium and balance of natural body tri
humours known as Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. The imbalance in the quality and quantity of these
humours leads to diseases. Blood-letting is one of the most important and widely practiced methods
of cleansing therapy used for local evacuation of morbid humours. Three types of bloodletting
procedure has been practiced from ancient times - leech therapy, cupping and incision. As per
Siddhas statement, cupping therapy is an important measure in the case of Vāta predominance,
Leech therapy in Pitta predominance, and incision in the case of Kapha predominance. There are no
studies describing why Siddhas mentioned cupping, leech and incision in order to treat Vāta, Pitta
and Kapha disorders. In this review article, an attempt is made to discuss the scientific basis of
traditional bloodletting therapy. Searches were performed in August 2017 through traditional text
books and web sources for current research. Gathered traditional knowledge and scientific data
from current research were compared and analyzed critically. Results found that cupping therapy is
supposed to treat Vāta disease in traditional medicine by stimulating nerve points or meridians. A
number of scientific studies reveals the mechanism of cupping therapy. Those actions have Vāta
pacification properties such as counter irritation, analgesic, hemodynamic, immunomodulation, anti-
asthmatics etc. Leech therapy may be a better alternative to manage Pitta diseases. Its mode of
action depends on the injection of leech saliva into patient's tissues during the process of blood
sucking. Leech saliva contains numerous bioactive constituent which possesses anti-inflammatory,
analgesic, thrombolytic, antioxidant, vasodilator, and anti-coagulant and blood circulation enhancing
properties. Incision is used to treat Kapha aggravated conditions such as congestion, excessive
heaviness and musculature etc. and in practice incision is made to evacuate local blood congestion,
drain abscesses and remove tumors.
Keywords: cupping therapy, leech therapy, incision, tri humours
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PP 081: Assessing the therapeutic effect of Ayurveda treatment protocol for Indralupta (Alopecia
areata) - A case series
RP Mendis, AMHS Attanayake

Indralupta is the loss of previously existing scalp hair and is termed Alopecia areata. In Deśīya Cikitsā
it is called Udugovvan Kema. The aim of this study was to identify the hair growing activity for
Ayurveda treatment protocol for Indralupta. For this study 5 patients were recruited and surface
area of the hair growth was assessed within two weeks. Concepts of the treatments were Śodhana,
Śamana and Tarpaṇa. Four treatment regimens were applied. During the treatment, partial loss of
hair of the scalp was noted. In the first four weeks Visarpahara oil was applied with flesh and seeds
of Batu with lime juice to the scalp. Before applying the application scalp was rubbed with the rough
side of the Sepālika leaf. In the last four weeks, roots of Niyangala with lime juice was applied over
the hair losing area and scalp was washed with the decoction of Hīn Nidikumba. Difference of the
treatment effect was calculated by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with statistical software of SAS
9.1. After two months of the treatment, difference of the surface area of the scalp in all patients
were increased significantly (P<0.05). These results suggest that using Ayurveda treatment and
knowledge can improve Allopacia acreata, called Indralupta in Ayurveda. A follow -up large sample
study will be important to assess the efficacy of this Ayurveda treatment protocol.
Keywords: Indralupta, Alopacia areata, Ayurveda treatment protocol
PP 082: Effect of leech therapy in a chronic infected wound – A case study
U Saranya, M Kanesalingam
1
Unit of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee campus, EUSL, Sri Lanka
2
Rural Ayurvedhic Hospital, Karavaddi, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Chronic wounds present a challenge that is costly in terms of quality of life to the patient. Leech
therapy is one of the ancient and important para-surgical procedures described in siddha medicine
for treatment of various diseases including chronic wounds. This is a case report. The patient is a 69
year old male patient who suffered from two non-heeling ulcers in the lower part of the right leg for
3 years. He had failed multiple therapies owing to persistent pruritus of the wound. The patient was
asked to obtain a full blood count and bleeding and clotting time to confirm normal hemoglobin and
exclude bleeding disorder for leech therapy. The patient’s wound was initially cleaned using Normal
saline 0.9%, a medium sized leech was selected and purified using turmeric water. Following
purification process the leech was applied on the edge of the wound and kept until it released
spontaneously. After leach therapy Poongavi Chendooram was applied on the leech bite to control
bleeding and kept for around 15 minutes. Finally the wound was dressed using gauzes and
supportive bandage. Same treatment procedure was carried out every week until the wound
completely cured. Effectiveness of traditional leech therapy was evaluated based on improvement in
the wound size, exudates, smell, appearance of wound base and wound edge. Considerable changes
were observed after three weeks of treatment as the wound was dried from moderate serous
exudates. The heavy foul smell disappeared and granulation was promoted with the edges starting
198
to contract. The wound was completely cured after 12 weeks of treatment as the wound size was
reduced from 7.3cm×4.7 and 8.2×3.6 to 0cm. This case suggests that Leech therapy is an effective
way to treat chronic infected wounds by its cleansing, pacifying and regenerative procedure.
Key words: chronic wounds, leech therapy, Siddha medicine
PP 083: A comparative study on the efficacy of Erandadi and Rasonadi decoctions on Amavata
(Rheumatoid Arthritis)
TD Dayawaradana1, SMS Samarakoon2

1
Department of Ayurveda, Western Province, Sri Lanka
2
Dept. of Deshiyachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Amavata is one of the challenging diseases in Ayurveda due to its chronic nature, poor prognosis,
complications and its morbidity. In this study, 2 groups were examined. Group A (20 patients) was
treated with Erandadi Decoction (ED), and group B (20 patients) was treated with Rasonadi
Decoction (RD)for a period of one month and the follow up period was the same. Data were
analyzed by SSPS statistical software. The majority of patients were female (95%) and in 46 – 50 age
group (52.5%). Clinical features were that symptoms were aggravated by cold water (75%), walking
(60%) and rainy weather (57.5%) while it was relieved by rest (75%). Considering prakriti, the
majority of patients had Vata-Kaphaprakriti (60%). Erandadi Decoction (ED) improved Sandishoola,
Sparsa-ashaktataandnidravi-pryaya in a highly significant manner (p<0.001) whereas Sthabdhata,
Aruchi, Gauravaandpipasa was improved by ED in a significant manner (p<0.05). ED improved ESR,
fever, right and left sided knee joint swelling, pulse rate, WBC and lymphocyte count in highly
significant manner (p<0.001). RD improved Sandishoola, Sthabdhata, Sparsa-Ashaktata and Aruchi in
a highly significant manner (p<0.001) whereas Nidra-Vipryaya, Gaurava and Pipasa wasimproved by
RD, which is significant (p<0.05). RD improved fever right and left sided knee joint swelling, pulse
rate, WBC and lymphocyte count in a highly significant manner (p<0.001). When comparing the
effects of ED and RD, it was evident that RD is more effective over ED in improving subjective as well
as objective parameters of Amavata.
Keywords: Amavata, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rasonadi Decoction, Erandadi Decoction
PP 084: Efficacy of a specially prepared herbal cream in the management of Bartholin's abscess
WLARS Pushpakumari, GUA Kumara

Department of Kaumarabhritya and Striroga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Bartholin's abscess is an acute infection of a Bartholin's gland with symptoms including pain,
swelling, cellulitis of the vulva and dyspareunia. A Bartholin’s abscess can occur when one of the
Bartholin’s glands, located on either side of the opening of the vagina, becomes infected. A fever
may also accompany the abscess. Clinical appearance of this condition is severe pain with walking
and sitting. Some herbal creams contain herbal drugs which have Shodhana and Shamana
properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a selected herbal creamin the
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management of Bartholin's abscess. Forty volunteer patients who were diagnosed with Bartholin's
abscess were selected for the study in a Gynecological Clinic of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda
(Teaching) Hospital, Yakkala, Sri Lanka. After examination, all the patients were advised to apply the
herbal cream on the abscess twice a day for a period of seven days continuously. Data was collected
before, during, immediately after and after 14 days of a follow up period. Collected data were
statistically analyzed. Reduction of symptoms of Bartholin's abscess such as pain, swelling, cellulitis
of the vulva, as well as dyspareunia, were statistically significant (p<0.05). Hence, it can be
concluded that selected herbal cream has an efficacy in the management of Bartholin's abscess.
Keywords: Bartholin's abscess, herbal cream, Bartholin’s gland, pain, swelling, cellulitis of the vulva
and dyspareunia
PP 085: Clinical efficacy of Tseraobe tea in the management of Sthaulya - A case series
GUA Kumara
Department of Kaumarabhritya and Striroga, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of
Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation of the body is known as Sthaulya. In modern medicine it is
correlated with conditions of obesity and overweight. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most commonly
used method to classify overweight and obesity in adults. More than 35% of people suffer from
obesity and overweight in the present world. Tseraobe Tea is a herbal preparation which contains
Lekhaneeyadravyas mentioned in Ayurveda classics. The present study was carried out to evaluate
the efficacy of Tseraobe Tea in the management of Sthaulya (obesity and overweight). The clinical
trial was conducted on 20 patients diagnosed with obesity and overweight and aged over 20 years.
The aim and action of the drug was explained to all patients. After collecting a detailed patient
history and physical examination they were advised to take 2 tea bags per day at 9.00 a.m. and 3.00
p.m. continuously for a period of 2 months. Further, patients were advised to follow the given
Pathyapathya schedule. BMI was calculated before, during and after two months of a follow up
period. No adverse effects were reported. Results were analyzed statistically. The analysis (indicated
p-value is p<00.5) suggested that Tseraobe Tea is an effective and safe herbal formulation in
reducingSthaulya (obesity and overweight) in adults.
Keywords: Sthaulya, obesity, BMI, Lekhaneeyadravya
PP 086: Artavakshaya (primary dysmenorrhea) - A case series
GUA Kumara, WLARS Pushpakumari

Artavakshaya is defined as an irregular menstrual cycle, deficiency of amount of menstrual blood or

pain in the vagina (painful menstruation). It is correlated with dysmenorrhea in modern medicine.
Dysmenorrhea is divided into two categories: primary (occurring in the absence of pelvic pathology)
and secondary (resulting from identifiable organic diseases). The Pippalimoolamabhaya Peyawa
which includes roots of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn), fruits of chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia
chebula Linn), roots of beal (Aegle marmelos Linn) and fried seeds of rice (Oryza sativa Linn) are
200
recommended in the management of Artavakshaya. The purpose of this study was to study the
efficacy of Pippalimoolamabhaya Peyawa in the management of Artavakshaya (primary
dysmenorrhea). For this study, 40 patients diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly
selected from the Gynaecology Clinic of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda (Teaching) Hospital.
After obtaining written consent, 60ml of Pippalimoolamabhaya Peyawa was recommended to be
taken twice a day before meals for a period of seven days continuously. Irregularity of menstrual
cycle, deficiency of amount of menstrual blood and pain in the vagina (painful menstruation) were
assessed before, during and after completion of the treatment through a self-prepared grading
scale. The reduction of clinical features were also assessed after three months of a follow up period.
According to data analysis, 27.5% had complete remission, 37.5% had marked improvement, 15%
had moderate improvement, 15% had mild improvement and 5% were unchanged. Hence, it is
concluded that Pippalimoolamabhaya Peyawa is effective in the management of Artavakshaya
(primary dysmenorrhea).
Keywords: Artavakshaya, dysmenorrhea, Pippalimoolamabhaya Peyawa
PP 087: Evaluation of the efficacy of Erabadu Pothu Melluma in the management of Sandhigata
Vata (Osteoarthritis) – A case series
GUA Kumara
Sandhigata Vata is a disease mentioned in Ayurveda classics under the Vatavyadhi Prakarana. On
the basis of symptomatology it resembles osteoarthritis (OA) in modern medical science. In
Ayurveda, symptoms of Sandhigata Vataare are described as Hanti Sandhigati (restricted
movements), Sandhi Shoola (joint pain), Sandhi Shotha (joint swelling or oedema), and Prasarana
Akumcana Janya Vedana (pain in flexion and extension of the joints). It mainly affects weight
bearing joints of the body especially hip and knee joints. It is mainly associated with aging, physical
occupational activities and obesity. Therefore, it is also known as Jara Vata(degenerative arthritis).
Erabadu Pothu Melluma is a traditional preparation practiced at Gampaha Wickramarachchi
Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Yakkala in treatment of Sandhigata Vata with successful results. So far,
no known scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of Erabadu Pothu Melluma in
Sandhigata Vata,hence the present study was carried out. The clinical trial was conducted on 60
patients belonging to the age group of 35 to 60 years old. The prepared Mellum was recommended
to apply at night for a period of fourteen days continuously. Severity of signs and symptoms were
assessed before, during and after completion of the treatment using a specially prepared grading
scale. The reduction of clinical features was also assessed after two weeks of a follow up period.
Results were analyzed statistically. Reduction of symptoms such as Hanti Sandhigati, Sandhi Shoola,
Sandhi Shotha and Prasarana Akumcana Janya Vedana were statistically significant (p <0.05). It is
concluded that Erabadu Pothu Melluma is effective in the management of Sandhigata Vata.
Keywords: Sandhigata Vata, degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis, Vatavyadhi, Erabadu Pothu
Melluma
201
PP 088: Evaluation of the efficacy of Gastri nil syrup in the management of gastric hyperacidity
KGP Wijesekara, GUA Kumara

Gastric hyperacidity is a very common and troublesome disease in the present era. It has very similar
signs and symptoms to Amlapitta in Ayurveda. Burning in the stomach, burning in the throat,
restlessness, belching, nausea, sour taste, indigestion and constipation are the common signs and
symptoms of Gastric hyperacidity. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Gastri nil
syrup in the management of Gastric hyperacidity. The selected syrup contains Aloe vera, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Zingiber officinale, Asperaragus gonoclados and sugar. Twenty patients who were clinically
diagnosed with Gastric hyperacidity were randomly selected to the study under inclusion and
exclusion criteria. The period of the trial was one month. The effect was assessed using a self-
prepared grading scale according to the severity of the clinical features mentioned in above before
treatment and after treatment. Patients were advised to take 15ml of syrup at 7.00 am and 7.00
pm one hour before the meal. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired sample
using Minitab statistical software. P values for each feature were less than 0.05. This study result
shows that Gastri nil syrup has a significant effect in the management of gastric hyperacidity.
Keywords: gastric hyperacidity, burning in the stomach, indigestion
PP 089: Clinical evaluation of Passiflora foetida decoction in the management of Urolithiasis
GVP Samaranayake, AAJ Pushpakumara

Lanka
In the present study an effort was made to evaluate the efficacy of a decoction of the whole plant
Passiflora foetida. The main aim of this particular study was inclined towards the disintegration,
dissolution, dislodgement and expulsion of renal stones. These drugs are easily available, economical
and easy to administer, and also have anti-inflammatory, diuretic and anti-lithic properties. A total of
30 patients were selected randomly and were divided in to two groups. Each group contained 15
patients. Group-I was treated with the decoction of Passiflora foetida at a dose of 45 ml, twice daily,
after food for a period of 45 days. Group-II was treated with Flush out therapy (hydro-therapy). The
efficacy of decoction of Passiflora foetida in the relief of pain (76%), haematuria (83%), dysuria
(76%), size of calculi (74%) and number of calculi (68.7%) was highly significant. Hence this study
suggests that traditional Ayurvedic management is effective and did not have any obvious adverse
effects on the patients with Urolithiasis.
Keywords: urolithiasis, Passiflora foetida
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PP 090: Management of third degree heamorrhoids by Kshara karma- A case report

Lanka
A 52 year old male patient came to the Anorectal Clinic of the outpatient Department of Gampaha
Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Yakkala, with complaints of permanent prolapsing
pile mass and bleeding while passing stool. The case was diagnosed as a 3rd Degree Heamorrhoid
with a bleeding tendency. Kshara karma intervention was done. The pile mass and per rectal
bleeding relieved in 8 days and the patient was relieved from all symptoms within 21 days. No
complications were reported after the procedure. The patient was followed up regularly from 2016
to the current period (2017) and proctoscopic examination did not reveal any evidence of recurrence
of the Heamorrhoids.
Keywords: 3rd degree heamorrhoid, Kshara karma
PP 091: Effect of a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in Acne Vulgaris- A preliminary study

Lanka
Acne Vulgaris is the most common disease among the young generation. A preliminary trail was
conducted in the Shalya Clinic in Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurvedic Hospital to assess the safety
and efficacy of a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in the management of Acne Vulgaris on scientific
parameters. Twenty five patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of a thorough
history. Polyherbal ayurveic formulation was then administered locally once at night for a period of
45 days. The severity of acne and efficacy of treatment was assessed by Cook’s acne grading scale.
The results showed significant reduction in the Cook’s acne grading scores of the post-treatment
(p<0.01) as compared to pre-treatment scores. Further, polyherbal ayurvedic formula was found
safe and fairly well accepted by the patient. It was therefore concluded that polyherbal ayurvedic
formulation can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
Keywords: Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation, Acne Vulgaris
PP 093: A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Mudgadi Kalka in the management of Atisweda
(hyperhidrosis)
NWGND Gamlath, MPN Pramodani, WJ Wickramarachchi

Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka
Primary hyperhidrosis, a condition of sweating in excess of thermoregulatory requirements, has a

prevalence range of approximately 2% to 4% worldwide, and carries significant emotional and
psychosocial implications. The etiology of hyperhidrosis is unknown and is associated with severe
203
emotional, occupational, and social stress. Thirty patients were evaluated in the present study to
evaluate the efficacy of Mudgadi kalka prescribed in Traditional medicine in the management of
Atisweda (hyperhidrosis). It contains Sesamum indicum, Vigna radiata, Zingiber officinale and other
traditional drugs. The Mudgadi kalka was prepared according to the guidelines of the traditional
formula. Thirty patients were treated with the 7.5g of Mudgadi kalka twice daily for a period of one
month and assessed for sweating by the visual scale and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale
(HDSS), Bbody odour and burning sensation of the body by grading system. The results revealed
that 60% of patients showed significantly reduced levels of excessive sweating and burning sensation
of the body than usual with P value of P<0.05. Body odour as a symptom also was reduced but
statistically insignificant. It can be concluded that the tested Mudgadi kalka was successful in
treating Primary Hyperhidrosis in the sample group.
Keywords: primary hyperhidrosis, Mudgadi kalka
PP 094: A clinical study on the efficacy of Trikuluadi Kalka in the management of hyperglycaemia
NWGND Gamlath, MPN Pramodani, WJ Wickramarachchi

Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates
in the blood plasma. According to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet 23.6 million children and adults
(7.5% of the population) in the United States suffer from this condition. The primary objective of this
study was to determine the effect and efficacy of Trikuluadi kalka and to evaluate the clinical
improvement of selected subjects with the oral administration of Trikuluadi kalka. Thirty patients
with confirmed hyperglycemic conditions were selected and all the patients were between 25-60
years of age. Patients from both sexes were selected. The test drug was prepared according to the
guidelines in the traditional formula. Fasting blood sugar, pulse rate and blood pressure were
assessed every two weeks before starting and after completing the course of treatments. 31.53%
(before treatments = 222±13.1, after treatments = 142±3.4 p<0.05) reduction was noted in the
fasting blood glucose level. The Diastolic Blood Pressure was 87.5±13.7 before and 79.5±8.3 after
and the Pulse Rate was 76.7±2.6 and 73.2±2.0 before and after treatments respectively during this
period with dietary management. This study suggests that Trikuluadi kalka had positive effects on
Hyperglycemia in the sample group. Chemical analysis of the raw materials, for the determination of
mechanisms of actions and replication of the study in involving a larger sample during a lengthier
period of time is suggested as of prime importance for the determination of effects and efficacy of
Trikuluadi kalka.
Keywords: hyperglycemia, FBS, Trikuluadikalka
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PP 095: Clinical efficacy of Neelakadi Snehadhara and Sathwawadi Taila Dhara in the
management of Anidra with special reference to insomnia
RP Liyanage1, SS Hettige2, NWGND Gamlath3, P Vitharana3

1
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
2
Manasa Ayurveda Hospital, Neelammahara, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka.
3
Department of Cikitsa, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
Charaka Samhita mentions sleep is an important outcome of a relaxed mind. Anidra (Insomnia) is a
condition of insufficient sleep with lack of quality and quantity. This leads to psychological stress,
anxiolytic disturbances and Depressive thoughts. Constant use of sleep enhancers internally result in
addictive and neuroendocrine side effects. According to Ayurveda, Vatadosha is the primary
responsible factor in Manasa Bhava (Objects of mind). To pacify the provoked Vatadosha,
Tailadhara is an effective remedy. Neelammahara Psychiatry Traditional Neelakadi oil (NS) and
Sathwawadi oil (SS) are two varieties of Sleep enhancers use in Dharas. The study was designed to
compare the efficacy of Nidrakara effects of NS and SS. 20 individuals with Anidra (with mild
psychological stress) were selected. Cases were divided into 2 Groups of 10 individuals in each.
Group I was administered NS for 15 consecutive days, with approximately 45 minutes in every
sitting. Group II was administered SS, as the procedure mentioned in Group I. The assessment was
done with both subjective (SA) and clinical improvement (CA) measures. The SA evaluated any
changes or improvement in their feelings of physical and mental fitness. In CA all the symptoms
were assessed and the severity of each symptom was rated. The aforesaid observations were made
on 7 main symptoms, along with a specific ‘sleep diary” assessment. Statistical analysis was done in
the pre-treatment observation and post treatment recovery. SS was found to have the most
significant effect in producing improvement in all the parameters compared to both the groups.
Keywords: Neelammahara, Snehadhara, Anidra
PP 096: Effectiveness of Himajaladhara and Kumaripadma Snehadhara in the management of

psychological stress with special refernce to ayurvedic Manobhava
RP Liyanage1, SS Hettige2, P Vitharana3

1
2
Manasa Ayurveda Hospital, Neelammahara, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka
3
According to Ayurveda, Pragnaparadha (intellectual error), Parinama (time factor), Asatmendriyarta

Samyoga (unwholesome contact of senses with its objects) are mainly responsible for all the physical
and mental diseases. Prolonged decrease of Satvaguna in the manas leads to the mind becoming
stressed. Imbalances in Rajas and Thamas Guna also promote psychological stress. Dhara karma at
the Agnya Chakra are known as effective in psychological issues. Stress is a crucial health issue
worldwide and internal (drug) treatments for this cause various adverse effects. The present study
was designed to determine the comparative effectiveness of Himajaladhara and Kumaripadma
Snehadhara in the management of stress, referring to Ayurveda Manobhava concepts. 90 individuals
with Psychological stress were selected and grouped in to 3, as 30 cases in each group. The study
205
was conducted for 21 consecutive days with 45 minutes of Dhara Karma and 30 minutes of
supportive psychotherapy (SPT). Group A were subjected to Himajaladhara and SPT. Group B was
subjected to Snehadhara and SPT. Group C was subjected only with SPT. The assessment was taken
at the beginning of the first day and at the end of the 21st day with the basis of the relief in the
subjective and objective signs and symptoms of stress and Manobhava according to a grading
system. Data were statistically analyzed. All the 3 groups were found to have significant
improvement. Snehadhara elaborated better results in Manobhava compared to the Himajaladhara.
Pacification of provoked Vata using Snehadhara promoted the Medhya, Sthairya Mana, Harsha,
Shraddha and Smruti.
Keywords: Manobhava, Dhara, stress
PP 097: A comparative clinical study on efficacy of Shodhana Karma and Shaman Karma in the
management of Ekakushta (Psoriasis)
MVR Wijayanthamala
Gampaha Wikramarachchi Ayurveda teaching hospital Yakkala Sri Lanka
Psoriasis is a global health problem; it is chronic in nature and cannot be easily cured; even if it is
cured relapses are common. Psoriasis is comparable in Ayurveda with Ekakushta. To compare the
Shodhana Karma and Shamana Karma in the management of Ekakushtha, 60 patients fulfilling the
inclusion criteria were selected from the OPD of the National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur and
randomly divided in to two groups. In group A, classical Vamana Karma followed by Virecana Karma
followed by Gandhaka Rasayana (GR) 1g twice a day and Jivantyadi Yamaka (GY) for external
application for 1 month were administrated. In group B, Only GR 1g twice a day and JY for external
application for 1 month were administrated. The results were assessed on subjective criteria through
PASI score. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test and inter-group
comparison by Mann-Whitney Test. Group A showed 85.71 % (P<0.0001) improvement in PASI score
as compared to group B which had 81.75 % (P<0.0001) and statistically the result was highly
significant in both groups. The overall effect of therapy showed marked improvement of 82.57 % in
group A and moderate improvement was observed in 71.02 % in group B. Inter group comparison
showed better results in Group A than Group B but Group B also showed considerable results
comparatively. The results suggest that GR and JY can be used to manage Psoriasis without Shodana
Karma when it is contraindicating to the patients.
Keywords: Ekakushtha, Vamana, Virecana, psoriasis, Shamana
PP 098: Management of varm e ma'ida (gastritis) with Makko juice (extract of Solanum nigrum)
RF Rismiya, MLU Salma

Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University Of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Makko (Solanum nigrum Linn.) commonly known as Black Nightshade is a dicot weed in the
Solanaceae family. Leaves and berries of Solanum nigrum are commonly used in South India for the
treatment of gastric ulcers, gastritis and other gastric problems. Gastritis is inflammation of the
206
gastric mucosa. The three most important causes of gastritis are Helicobacter pylori infection, non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (and aspirin) and autoimmunity. According to unani
medical system Varm e ma'ida is an inflammation of the stomach which may be in Haar (hot), Baarid
(cold) and Sulb (hard) in nature. The aim of this study was to overview the literature, authentic
books and results of research studies on the pharmacological effect of Makko and its medicinal
property on treating gastric inflammation. Information of this review article was collected by
searching for the key-words "Solanum nigrum", "pharmacological effect", "clinical application", and
"animal studies", in databases namely, Medline/ PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar.
Findings of this review show Varm e ma'idahaar is hot in nature, commonly caused by chronic
irritation and inflammation. It is due to alteration in Damavi (sanguineous) and Safravi (bile)
Humour.Makko is cold in nature; it has anti- inflammatory, anti -gastric, anti ulcerogenic, anti -
oxidative, analgesic and ulcer healing properties that work on gastritis. As the result of this study it
can be concluded due to its cold temperament and its pharmacological property Makko is a very
good single herb that helps to cure Haar type Varm e ma'ida.
Keywords: Varm e ma'idahaar, gastritis, temperament
PP 099: Status of Traditional Herbs Productions for Culinary and Medicinal Purpose in South Korea
KW Park1, S H Kim2
1
Division of Biotechnology College of Bioscience, Korea Univerity, Seoul, Korea
2
KFRI, 703 Galsanri, Isemyen, Wanjugun, Chenbuk, Korea
Landscape in Korea is about 70% mountains and 30% arable land. From ancient times, Koreans are
known to collect wild herbs for culinary and medicinal purposes. In Korea about 480 wild plants are
edible, but only 34 plants are cultivated for vegetable marketing while 32 are cultivated for
medicinals.Cultivated areas of wild vegetables is about 11,000ha in 2011: Codonopsis lanceolata
2,417 ha, Pteridium aquilium 2,195 ha, Aster scaber 1,412 ha and Platycodon glandiflorum 1,157 ha.
Only young leaves and root used for salad in spring while old leaves or roots in falls are used as
medicinal herbs after drying. Only 10% are cultivated in greenhouse.Wild vegetable used are for
every menu, but mainly for making Bibimbab, which is one of best Korean cuisine mixed with rice,
different vegetables(soybean sprouts, mushroom, Pteridium, Aster,Platycodon) and hot spices.
Phytochemicals such as astersaponin, chrysanthemaxantbin, and caffeoylquinic acids are the main
components of Aster. Daily intake of minerals, vitamins and caffeoylquinic acids through Bibimbab
were calculated using simulation method.Total value of imported wild vegetables was 45 mill. dollar
in 2015. Dried Osumudaart, dried Pteridium, fresh root of Platycodon glandiflorum andfresh roots of
Codonopsis lanceolata were main imported items.
Keywords: wild vegetables, phytochemicals, caffeoylquinic acids
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PP 100: Traditional and complementary health care services through Central Government
Institutions in Sri Lanka - A survey
T Sivakumar
Traditional and Complementary medicine (TCM) dates back to ancient cultures and civilizations. It
plays an important role in primary health care in many countries. Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and
traditional medicines are different types of medical systems which are being practiced in Sri Lanka.
Assessment and documentation of performance of the TCM system is vital for the development of
health care for the nation. This survey aimed to assess the performance of TCM services delivered by
the central government ayurvedic hospitals in Sri Lanka in recent years. The records of the
department of Ayurveda from 2012 to 2016 were checked. The indicators that were analysed to
assess the progress were; number of TCM medical officers employed, number of outpatients and
inpatients, number of special clinics, patients’ turnover and annual expenditure incurred. There are
eight health care institutions in TCM run by the central government. It was found that, from 2012 to
2016 the number of medical officers employed changed from 186 to 232, number of patients to the
out-patient department increased from 330659 to 448282, number of patients warded remained
relatively stable from 56428 to 5768, number of special clinic patients increased from 129940 to
198911 and annual expenditure incurred by these institutions in Sri Lankan rupees increased
from 544828400 (544.83million) to 2573100000 (2573.10 million). It was noted that, even though
the allocations and number of medical officers gradually increased in recent years, the number of
beneficiaries decreased. Thus, the performance of these institutions must be further evaluated to
assess the cost effectiveness of the TCM services.
Keywords: TCM, Sri Lankan ayurveda, performance
PP 101: Which Magnetic Resonance Imaging criteria suits the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in Sri
Lanka: McDonald 2010 or Proposed MAGNIMS 2016?
SMK Gamage1, I Wijeweera2, P Wijesinghe3, SB Adikari1, K Fink4, J Hillert5, A Fogdell-Hahn5, HMA

Sominanda6,
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2
Neurology Unit, Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka
3
Radiology unit, Sirimavo Bandaranaike Specialized Children’s Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
4
Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
5
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
6
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and Department of Clinical
Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Recently, MAGNIMS group proposed guidelines to replace existing ‘dissemination in space’ criteria in
McDonald 2010, to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, both criteria were developed
based on Caucasians. There is limited research regarding the applicability of these in Asia. The
objective of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value
(PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of McDonald 2010 and MAGNIMS MRI criteria to verify
their applicability in Sri Lankan patients. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome diagnosed by
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consultant neurologists were recruited from five main neurology centres. Baseline MRIs and follow-
up MRIs were performed within 3 months from initial presentation and one year from baseline MRI
respectively. McDonald and MAGNIMS MRI criteria were applied to all MRIs. Patients were followed-
up for 2 years to assess conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS). CDMS was defined as at least
two MS attacks and two clinically evident lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for
prediction of conversion to CDMS were calculated. Of 66 patients, 42 converted to CDMS. Thirty
seven fulfilled McDonalds MRI criteria. Of them the majority (33) converted to CDMS. MAGNIMS
MRI criteria were fulfilled by 29. Of them, 28 converted to CDMS. Sensitivities, specificities of
McDonalds and MAGNIMS were 78%, 83% and 67%, 96% respectively. Accuracies of McDonald and
MAGNIMS were 64 and 77 respectively. McDonald and MAGNIMS had PPV, NPV of 89, 69 and 96, 62
respectively. In conclusion, MAGNIMS is superior to McDonald in specificity, accuracy and PPV but
inferior in sensitivity and NPV in this group.
Keywords: MRI criteria for mutiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis in Asia, McDonald criteria, MAGNIMS
criteria
PP 102: A Review of InsanJukYeom, the Korean bamboo salt, as a versatile healthy food
SY Lee1, MWSJ Kumari2

1
Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
InsanJukYeom, the Korean bamboo salt is made only in South Korea. The aim of this study was to
review InsanJukYeom, as a versatile healthy food. Data was collected by literature review and by
observations. Insan is the founder’s pen name, Insan-Kim YilHoon (1909-1992), who was a
traditional Korean doctor, while Juk refers to bamboo, and Yeom, means solar salt. Dr. Insan
developed this new material InsanJukYeom, which was turned into mineral chunks that completely
eliminate the toxicity of salt. The raw materials of InsanJukYeom are solar salt which is only collected
from the west coast of Korea and bamboo known as Phyllostachysbambusoides Siebold and Zucc
which is only found on the south coast of Korea. InsanJukYeom is baked 8 times with old pine tree
wood at over 800 degrees centigrade, and then it is roasted one more time with pine resin only. The
temperature reaches somewhere between 1300 to 2500 degrees. Dr. Insan-Kim YilHoon’s two true
successors have now produced InsanJukYeom that is famous for popular food ingredients with
medicinal properties. South Korean people widely eat and apply it on the body to heal diseases such
as; atopic dermatitis, gastritis, hair loss, scar removal due to skin damage, toothache, vaginitis,
various intractable diseases, terminal cancers, etc. It also works for dogs and cats. The study has
revealed that InsanJukYeom presently has been consumed as a healthy food for various disease
conditions and used as an effective edible food for health promotion in Korean community.
Keywords: bamboo salt, InsanJukYeom, Insan- Kim YilHoon
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PP 103: Clinical governance in Ayurveda physician’s blood pressure measuring techniques
WHAP Senanayake
Blood pressure is a vital sign, reflecting the pressure exerted on blood vessels when blood is forced
out of the heart during contraction. It is composed of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which
corresponds to the pressure following contraction of the heart and pressure during relaxation of the
heart respectively. Normal blood pressure should be around 120/80. The objectives of this study
were to; evaluate pressure measurements; identify problems and issues in pressure measuring; set
criteria and standards and suggest possible solutions. Data collection was done at Colombo,
Gampaha, Maharagama and Matara with 100 Ayurveda physicians. Without acknowledgement,
random observations were done with respect to BHS guidelines techniques on measuring blood
pressure. The major errors observed included; Mercury column not level with the eyes; failure to
hear the Krokoff sounds; wrong diastolic endpoint (K4 or K5); rapid cuff deflation and single one off
reading. Data analysis was done according to the 10 criteria’s and standers analysis, under 3
categories; Human factors, Instrumental factors and Procedure factors. Considering total
observations, BP measurement by Ayurveda physicians shows good performance, except for a few
correctable issues. Suggestions to improve BP measurement in Ayurveda physicians are; regular
higher level guidance to junior staff; periodic functional evaluation of BP apparatus; prior to
implementation, new BP apparatus should be compared with the standard monitors; and regular
inspection and availability of BP monitors with relevant cuffs.
Keywords: blood pressure, clinical governance, Ayurveda general practice
PP 104: Importance of nutrition in prevention and treatment in Persian medicine
Marzieh Qaraaty
Metabolic Disorders research center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
and Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Doctors in current medicine emphasize prevention much more than treatment. In Persian medicine
(PM) this topic is very significant and PM sages utilise preventive recommendations. This article is a
review of the importance of nutrition in PM. Attention to nutrition is the first step for maintenance
of wellbeing and treatment in PM. "Drinks and foods" is a key issue in the six essential principles
(Seteyhzarooriyeh) for keeping health which has a noticeable outcome for the protection of health
and management of illnesses. Rhazes (865-925 AD) is one of the famous physicians in PM that focus
on beginning treatment with diet. He wrote in Liber Al-Mansuri (Kitab al-Mansuri) that physicians
are happy to treat his patients with diet and food without drugs. He also wrote in another book
(Tebe- Moloki) that food will cure as much a doctor. He recommended Simple and Compound
medicines for treating at the next levels. Persian medicine is one of the schools of medicine used
from centuries ago up to the present time as a prevention measure and as a method of diagnosis of
diseases and managing the patients. There are many methods for maintaining health and treatment
in PM literatures. There are many scientists and books with great experiences in the field of
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treatment and prevention in PM that are unknown. These provide tips that can be used for by all
educational and therapeutic centers.
Keywords: nutrition, Persian medicine, prevention, treatment
PP 105: Determination of antioxidant activity of native spice mixture used in weight reduction by
DPPH radical scavenging assay
MI Manuha1, NZ Iqbal2, BM Nageeb1, PA Paranagama3

1
2
Dietician, Nawaloka Hospital (Pvt) Ltd., Sri Lanka
3
Obesity is one of the current global problems. Researchers have revealed that excessive oxidative
stress on tissues is one of the main problems in obesity and anti-oxidants play a key role in
regulation of excess body weight. The objective of this study was to determine the anti-oxidant
contents in a native ‘spice mixture’ that is used to reduce excess body weight. The spice mixture
contains 5 spices commonly used in Sri Lanka: Cinnamomunzeylanicum, Cuminumcyminum, Piper
nigram, Murrayakoenigiiand Alliumsativum. Diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
activity assay was used to determine the anti-oxidant potential of the ‘spice’ mixture. Dilutions were
prepared by aqueous, Methanol (MeOH) extract of the ‘spice’ mixture. A known volume (160 µL) of
each concentration (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg / mL) from both samples (aqueous and methanol)
were pipetted out to a 96 well micro plate, separately. A 0.25 mM DPPH (40 µL) was added to each
well of the micro plate which contains different concentrations of the extracts. Then the mixture was
kept in the dark at room temperature (30oC) for 15 minutes. The absorbance was measured using a
spectrophotometer at 517 nm wave length. Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) was used as the
standard. The study revealed that the ID 50 of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the spice
mixture are not significantly different (p < 0.05) with the percentage inhibition of the standard BHT.
The study concludes that ‘spice’ mixture can be used to reduce excess weight as it potentiated
substantial anti-oxidants.
Keywords: anti-oxidant, ‘spice’ mixture, obesity
PP 106: Determination of mineral contents in a native ‘spice’ mixture used to reduce excess weight

1
2
Nawaloka Hospital (Pvt) Ltd., Sri Lanka
3
Globally obesity is increasing alarmingly. Despite excessive dietary consumption, studies say high
rates of micronutrient deficiencies are also one of the causes for obesity. Studies reveal that some
micronutrients are essential to control excess weight. The aim of the study is to determine mineral
contents in a native ‘spice’ mixture that was used to reduce weight in excess weight individuals. The
spice mixture contains 5 spices commonly used in Sri Lanka such as Cinnamomunzeylanicum,
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Cuminumcyminum, Piper nigram, Murrayakoenigii and Allium sativum. Nine minerals were detected
according to the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) 999.11 (2006) method by using
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The sample was placed to a muffle furnace and the ash obtained
was dissolved in 6 M Hydro Chloric-acid (HCl). The study revealed that Iron content in the spice
mixture was the highest (72.8 mg / kg), while Zinc holds the second place (24.5 mg / kg) followed by
Copper (8.7 mg / kg). It was revealed that Potassium content was 1.3 mg / kg. Chromium, Calcium,
Selenium and Magnesium were present in trace amounts with the values 0.70, 0.33, 0.17 and 0.15
mg / kg respectively. The element, cobalt was not detected. Since it has been reported that Fe, Zn,
Se and Cu are essential to reduce excess weight, it can be concluded that the spice mixture can
function as a mineral supplement. Further studies are needed to clinically validate the efficacy of this
product. In addition, there is a need to determine the exact form in which these minerals and metals
are found in the formulation.
Keywords: micronutrients, obesity, spice mixture
PP 107: Efficacy of the intervention of natural food additives (a ‘spice’ mixture) in the
management of female obesity

1
2
Nawaloka Hospital (Pvt) Ltd., Sri Lanka
3
Obesity and overweight lead to non-communicable diseases such as high cholesterol, coronary heart
disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determination of the effectiveness of the intervention of a
‘spice’ mixture in the management of female overweight/obesity is the main objective of the
present study. The spice mixture contains 5 spices commonly used in Sri Lanka such as
Cinnamomunzeylanicum, Cuminumcyminum, Piper nigram, Murrayakoenigii and Allium sativum.
Selected female volunteers (n=97), aged between 18-55 years were recruited in this study. Approval
for the ethical clearance was taken. As biomarkers, lipid profile, Hb % , SGPT, serum creatinine (SC)
and the existence of obesity-related symptoms were recorded for all the participants before and
after the intervention. Also other obesity related factors were recorded in the study. Before
intervention, mean of the BMI was 32.9 kg / m2. After the intervention it was 30.2 kg / m2 and the
mean change was 2.69. The biomarkers and obesity-related symptoms recorded before and after
the intervention showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) and the SGPT and SC levels of the study
group indicate that the liver and kidney tissues were not impaired by the ‘spice’ mixture. The
findings emphasize a need for implementing a proper intervention to promote healthy eating habits
with ‘spice’ mixture, encourage physical activity, and reduce sedentary behaviors to diminish the
growing obese population.
Keywords: overweight, obesity, ‘spice’ mixture
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PP 108: A study of the relationship between daily routine (Dinacharya) and health
BL Edirisinghe, WMSSK Kulathunga

Department of Swasthavritta, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
In Ayurveda, “Dinacharya” is considered as an important concept for maintaining health, ridding the
body of diseases and maintaining the body in Tridosa balanced state in a healthy person. The
present study was conducted to identify the effect of daily routine on health. This is a community
based descriptive cross sectional study carried out among the participants who participated to the
mobile clinic at Dondra. The study tool was a self-administered questionnaire designed on various
aspects of Dinachariya. Study population consisted of 100 patients of both sexes between 18 -81yrs,
excluding pregnant mothers and children. The mean age of the sample was 52.25 + 14.94. Two
thirds (78%) were female. 37% were overweight and the prevalence of overweight was higher
among females (28%) compared to male (9%). The mean estimated BMI + SD for the studied sample
was 24.55 + 4.1. More than half of the studied sample (61%) had normal BMI. Overall more than one
fourth was following selected steps of Dinacharya. However, there was no statistically significant
differences among BMI and Dinacharya (p >0.05). More than one third of the studied sample (40%)
consumed a healthy balanced diet. There was a statistically significant association between taking
main meals on time with morbidity (p= 0.033). Ushapana compared with morbidity was also
significantly associated (p= 0.043). This study supports promoting Ushapana and taking main meals
on time to enhance health status.
Keywords: Dinachariya, health, Ayurveda
PP 109: Formulation of a natural and nutritious flavor enhancer by using locally available
ingredients having umami taste
KN Wijayasekara, MAJ Wansapala

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
The main objective of this study was to test a formulation of a natural and nutritious flavour
enhancer using locally available ingredients having an umami taste, as a replacement for Mono
Sodium Glutamate. Mushrooms, tomatoes, carrots and garlic were dehydrated and powdered prior
to using as ingredients. These were mixed according to a Taguchi L8 design. Eight different
formulations were evaluated based on a seven point hedonic scale. Formulations were added into
dhal curry and sensory tests were carried out with dhal and bread. Thirty untrained panelists
participated in the sensory evaluation and samples were analyzed for appearance, taste, odor,
mouth feel and overall acceptability. Results were analyzed using MINITAB 14 for Kruskal Wallis non
parametric analysis and Mann-Whitney test. Based on the results of two sensory evaluations, sample
767 and 671 were selected for the third evaluation, where formula 671 showed the best results.
Considering the overall results of three sensory evaluations, sample 671 was selected for the final
product development. Out of all the samples, selected formula (tomato 2: mushroom 1: carrot 2:
garlic 2) contains the highest level of tomato, carrot and garlic along with the least amount of
mushroom compared to other samples
Keywords: Mono Sodium Glutamate, flavour, sensory evaluation
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PP 110: A study of effects of Sri Lankan cuisine on health
AB Dharmarathna, WMSSK Kulathunga

Non-communicable diseases are a serious public health issue in Sri Lanka. It is fuelled by an
unhealthy diet. Cuisine varies widely with the kind of food product, climate, region, economic
capacity, religion, customs, tastes and habit of the people. With the presence of past food
establishments, Sri Lankan still prepares traditional dishes for consumption like the use of various
traditional cooking media (coconut milk and oil, etc.), flavor enhancers, (chilli, maldive fish, salt etc.)
spices (cinnamon, clove, etc.), traditional cooking tool (clay pot, etc.) and cooking fuel (wood etc.).
The objective of this study was to study Sri Lankan cuisine’s effect on health. 100 patients (15 to 75
year old females) from an Ayurveda mobile clinic at Gandara were interviewed by using a
questionnaire. In the present study, mean value of age and BMI level were 51.39±14.6, 24.14±4.54
respectively. 40% of those studied were Obese. The most common diseases were musculoskeletal
complaints (57%), hypertension (24%), gastritis (21%) and diabetes mellitus (19%).They used both
traditional and modern cooking tools. They mainly used coconut oil (88%) and coconut milk (87%) as
the cooking media. They used both traditional and modern flavor enhancers. There was a negative
correlation; with BMI to Fenugreek (p=0.032) and Gamboge (p=0.043); with hyperlipidemia to Sweet
cumin (p=0.000) and coconut oil (p=0.039); and with hypertension to coconut oil (p-0.039). There
was a positive correlation with skin diseases to vinegar. Obesity, unemployment and high intake of
salty foods (dry fish, maldive fish etc.) are common correlations with the diseases among the group.
Further studies are recommended for investigating Sri Lankan cuisine for the society to improve
their health status.
Keywords: Sri Lankan cuisine, obese, non-communicable diseases
PP 111: The relationship between consumption of soft drink and diabetes in selected areas of
Central province
AM Muthalib1, KA Naser2, R Sivakanesan3, BM Nageeb1, SM Mujahid4

1
Institute of Indigenous Medicine University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
2
King’s Mill Hospital, Sutton in Ashfeild, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
4
North Matale Hospital, Matale, Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan traditional food and drink are being influenced by western diets and drink. Often, these
drinks and diets are highly processed, with a high glycemic index and high glycemic load. These
drinks and food could increase blood glucose concentration. The aim of the study was to determine
the relationship between consumption of soft drink and diabetes control. A total number of 59
controlled and 61 uncontrolled diabetics were recruited for the study. The age of patients varied
from 20 to 70 years. In this study male and female diabetic patients were 43.3 % and 56.7 %
respectively. The mean BMI was 26.1 ± 3.4 Kg/m-2. The frequency of consumption was grouped as
never, 1- 2 times / month, 1 - 2 times / week, 1 time / day, 2 - 5 times / day and 6 times or more/
day. According to the result, soft drink was consumed by all diabetics. No patient reported as never
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consuming. The habit of soft drink intake in controlled and uncontrolled diabetics were 52.5%, 47.5%
in 1 - 2 times / month; 33.3%, 66.7% in 1 – 2 times / week; 28.6%, 71.4% in 1 time/day and 40%, 60%
in 2 – 5 time/day groups, respectively. No patients reported drinking 6 times or more / day.
Increased consumption of soft drink was observed in uncontrolled diabetics than controlled
diabetics. This study suggests that soft drink consumption has a strong effect on blood glucose level.
More research has to be done on this in the future.
Keywords: diabetics, soft drinks, glucose level
PP 112: The effects of processing methods of bio-active properties of commonly consumed food
products
S Thiruchenduran1, R Kamalaja2
1
2
All India Coordinated Research Project on Nutrition, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Professor
Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
Bioactive potentials of foods are generally estimated in raw forms. Bioavailability of the functional
compounds may depend on the processing methods. This study explores the effect of the flavonoid
content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of selected foods in raw, open cooked (OC)
and pressure cooked (PC) forms. The flavonoid, total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical
scavenging activity and FRAP value was evaluated by standard methods using rutin, gallic acid,
Trolox, ascorbic acid and Fe2+ standards respectively. Data was analyzed using Matlab 7.10.0
(R2010a). The t-test shows there are significant differences at p<0.05 in flavonoid content of OC and
PC fruits, raw and OC vegetables, OC and PC vegetables and raw and OC green leaves. Significant
antioxidant activity difference was observed among PC and OC fruits, raw and PC pulses, raw and PC
roots, OC and PC roots, raw and OC spices and OC and PC vegetables. Significantly higher antioxidant
activity and flavonoid content were observed in PC foods when compared to OC foods. Raw foods
showed superior flavonoid content and antioxidant activity when compared to OC foods. But there
were no significant changes in TPC among food groups inspected to the processing methods except
OC and PC green leaves. Considering the results it can be concluded that the loss in flavonoid and
antioxidant activity in foods are higher in open cooking than pressure cooking. TPC was not
influenced by any of the above cooking methods.
Keywords: food, antioxidant activity, flavonoid, bioactive
PP 113: Macroscopic and microscopic identification of root and stem of Heterophragma

adenophyllum (Palol)
JM Pushpalatha, EAB Edirisinghe, RK Jayaratne

Department of Ayurveda, Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Institute, Sri Lanka
The official part of Heterophragmaadenophyllum (Bignoniaceae)- Palol is mentioned as a root which

is among Dashamoola group of herbs which is important in the management of various diseases. It
was found that the market sample of Palol is a mixture of roots and mostly stem pieces. Therefore,
215
botanical pharmacognostical investigation was carried out to differentiate roots from its stem
pieces. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of root and stem of the same plant were carried out
according to WHO standard methods. Macroscopically, the root could be identified by its wood color
(yellow), outer surface (furrowed) and odor which is a little stronger than the stem, which has white
wood and a rough outer surface. Anatomically it is notable that the root cork is wider than (20-40
layers) the stem cork (15-25 layers). Phelloderm is clear in the stem whereas it is not significant in
the root. Xylem pores in the stem are mostly oval and arranged in a diffuse porous manner with
pores solitary and in short radial multiples while they are circular and arranged exclusively solitary in
roots. Although sclerenchymatic bands are prominent in the xylem region of the root they are not
obvious in the same region of the stem. The pore shape is mostly oval in the stem while it is mostly
circular in the root. A comparatively large irregular pith consists of thin walled parenchyma cells
which is detectable in the stem but absent in the root. Results revealed that these pharmacognostic
features could be used in authentication of the raw material of Heterophragma adenophyllum
(Palol).
Keywords: Palol, root, stem, macroscopy, microscopy
PP 114: A comparative study of morpho-anatomy of root and shoot of Aegle marmelos (Beli)
RK Jayaratne, EAB Edirisinghe, JM Pushpalatha

Department of Ayurveda, Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Institute, Sri Lanka
The root of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) is an important drug due to its wide range of therapeutic
actions. Market samples of this drug are often adulterated with their aerial parts. Therefore, it is
necessary to highlight the morpho-anatomical features of the root and shoot of this plant for proper
identification. Both parts of the same plant were obtained and morphological, organoleptic and
microscopic evaluations were carried out according to WHO guidelines. Externally, the root can be
identified by its yellowish brown colour and comparatively less ruptured surface. But both parts are
almost similar in internal colour (creamy white). Significant aromatic odor and astringent bitter taste
is specific more in the root than in shoot. Comparative anatomical study showed, cork (10-30 cell
layers) and the bark region are relatively thick in root than in shoot (5-20 cell layers of cork). Large
circular starch grains are abundant in root cortex while they are comparatively small in size and
number in shoot cortex. Presence of parenchyma (devoid of starch grains) in longitudinal strips, in
between cork and the xylem region separating fibre patches, is a significant feature in shoot while
such arrangement is absent in root. Root wood is diffuse porous while shoot wood is semi ring
porous. The stellate shaped pith consists of numerous starch grains and is distinct in the shoot while
the pith is negligible in the root. The result shows the root of Aegle marmelos could be easily
identified from its shoot using above morpho- anatomical features.
Keywords: Aegle marmelos, root, shoot, morpho-anatomy
216
PP 115: A comparative clinical study of Varnya drugs in different formulae on skin complexion
MVR Wijayanthamala
Gampaha Wikramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Cosmetology is the science of beautifying skin and its appendages. Since Vedic times we see a
conscious effort of man towards looking beautiful. This field of cosmetology is increasing at a rapid
rate. Due to its unique concept and therapy regarding beauty and health, it is now time to establish
a special branch of cosmetology in the field of Ayurveda. This study was conducted to assess the
Varnya (complexion) effect of Kumkumadi Taila, Varnya cream (V) - Cold cream form made of
Kumkumadi Taila -V1, Vanishing cream -V2 and All-purpose cream V3 both made up of Varnya drugs
which was in Kumkumadi Taila Kalka Dravya and to compare the results of Taila and cream. Sixty
dark skin volunteers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 –Kumkumadi Taila,
group 2 – V1, group 3 -V2 and group 4 -V3 were given for 1 month as an external application. Effect
of the therapy as per Von Luchnan Scale on KumkumadiTaila and V1 were found on skin complexion
with maximum relief of 53.33% (P<0.01). V3 also worked well on Varnya effect with a relief
percentage of 46.66% (p<0.01). V2 gives 40% relief and (p<0.01) shows significant results. Taila
therapy is better than cream therapy. Cold cream works better then all-purpose cream, which in
turn works better than vanishing cream. Taila and cream which were prepared with Varnya drugs
has shown medicinal effect with skin complexion.
Keywords: Varnya, Kumkumadi Taila, Von Luchnan Scale
PP 116: Quality assessment of raw materials ofTripala
GM Rukmalee1, RMW Liyanage1, WMB Weerasooriya2

1
2
Department of Dravyagunavignana, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, University of Kelaniya, Sri
Lanka
Evaluation of quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicine is significant. Microbial quality has been
identified as a parameter in standardization of herbal products. The raw materials of herbal
medicine are subjected to contamination with micro-organisms during the cultivation, harvesting,
post harvesting, processing stages and storage. Evaluation of microbial quality of selected raw
materials was the objectives of this study. Widely used herbal raw material Tripala, containing fruits
of Aralu (Terminaliachebula), Bulu (Terminaliabellirica) and Nelli (Phyllanthusemblica) was selected
for the study. Randomly collected dried Fruits of Aralu, Bulu, and Nelli from the herbal raw material
outlets in Gampaha, Colombo and Kurunegala areas were assayed for their microbial quality using
the pour plate and spread plate technique. Plates were subjected to calculation of the erythematic
means of the No. of colonies in terms of cfu/g. Bacterial count of Aralu varies from 1.8×10⁴ cfu/g to
6.5×10⁴ cfu/g, Bulu varies from 2.57 ×105 cfu/g to 3.22 ×105 cfu/g and Nelli from 2.11 ×105 to 3.71
×105. Yeast and mould count were recorded as Aralu 2×10⁴ cfu/g to 4×10⁴ cfu/g, Bulu 1.6×10⁴ cfu/g
to 4.1×10⁴ cfu/g and Nelli 2.8×10⁴ cfu/g to 3.2×10⁴ cfu/g. The results revealed that the microbial
count of tested samples exceeded the WHO recommended microbial count.
Keywords: herbal raw materials, Tripala, microbial quality, microbial count
217
PP 117: A study on the efficacy of using Ayurvedic massage therapy in tourism industry
AAKL Perera1, EVP Hemachandra2

1
2
Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Tourism consists of a wide range of business activity providing accommodation, services and
entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure. Ayurvedic treatments provide a
number of benefits to travelers by making physical and mental wellness. This study aims to asses the
benefits of Ayurvedic massage therapy /Abhyanga, examine the guidelines, rules and regulations on
SPA according to national and international levels and to propose a plan of action based on the
result of the study. The data was mainly gathered from reading books Wruddaththraya (Caraka
Samhitha, Susrutha Ssamhitha an Ashtangahrdya Samhitha), journals and other published materials
related to the study. Proper methods of Ayurvedic massage therapy, suitable herbs to use within the
therapy, most suitable times to do the massage therapy, benefits of Ayurvedic massage therapy,
guidelines, rules and regulations on SPA according to national and international levels were studied
using the above books. Considering this data it can be concluded that using Ayurvedic massage
therapy can develop the physical well-being and relaxation of the people as both preventive and
curative therapy. Making necessary arrangements for awareness of tourists about the benefits of
this Ayurvedic therapy is important. Removal of the misperceptions of locals, about the therapy, is to
be done with suitable rules and regulations. Finally it is important to widen health tourism to
increase the economy of the country.
Keywords: Abhyanga, massage, tourism
PP 118: Investigation of the possibility of using Premna herbacea (Siritekku) instead of

Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (Bharngi) in the Ayurveda system of medicine
JM Dahanayake1, PK Perera1, P Galappatty2, P Fernando3, LDAM Arawwawala3

1
Department in Dravyaguna Vignana, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo , Sri Lanka
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (CS) is an important medicinal plant distributed throughout the
forests of India and Sri Lanka. In Ayurveda, it is mainly used for the treatment of asthma, cough,
fever and other inflammatory diseases. In the Sri Lankan market, the plant material called “Siritekku”
has been used as the roots of CS (San. Bharngi), for a long time. In India also many drugs are
available in market with the name of Bharngi, with some controversial views existing about the
identification of Bharngi. Hence in this research an attempt was made to investigate the possibility
of the usage of Siritekku as a substitute for CS. The root powder of CS and Siritekku were evaluated
for pharmacognostical, physico-chemical (extractable matter including both hot and cold extracts of
water and ethanol, total ash, water soluble and acid insoluble ash), phytochemical constituents and
TLC fingerprint patterns. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, saponins,
tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in two samples. Further phenols,
saponins, steroids and terpinoids and steroids were more prominent in both plant extracts.
218
However, cardiac glycosides were present only in CS roots and alkaloids were present only in
Siritekku roots. Some differences were observed in TLC fingerprint patterns and pharmacognostical
studies between raw materials of CS and Sirithekku. Physico-chemical parameters such as
extractable matter and ash values were significantly higher in CS than in that of Siritekku. In
conclusion, the present findings justify the suitability of using siritekku as a substitute for CS.
Keywords: Bharngi, Siritekku, substitute, Ayurveda medicine
PP 119: Labeling architecture and consumer intelligence: Implications for consumer protection of
traditional medicinal products
BMRL Basnayake, WMTB Weddagala, DAM De Silva

Department of Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri
Lanka
Labeling, a display of written, printed or graphic matter upon the immediate container of an article is
very important to a medicinal product because it is oftentimes a regulatory deliverable. This study
focused on labeling and information architecture of traditional medicinal products produced in Sri
Lanka, consumer intelligence and consciousness on labeling information and also identified the
relevant consumption stimuli. A mixed methods approach was instrumental to collect the data and
62 brands of traditional medicinal product typology; Arishta, Choorna, Modaka, Asawa, Quawatha,
Kalka, Leha, Syrup, Thaila, Lepa, Rasa, Watika, Gugggul, Rasayana were considered. Key
considerations of the label architecture were certification, usage/ dosage, health benefits,
ingredients, year of company establishment, logo/symbol, color, company contacts. Results found
that 17.7% of product brands had ISO 9001:2008, HACCP, OHSAS, ISO22000, GMP or registration
number of Department of Ayurveda (40%) which confirms the credibility of products to customers
on purity, authenticity and assay. Brand recall memory, consumer consciousness and consumption
stimuli was high compared to the labels of small scale manufacturers which appears with limited
information; product name, usage, and company contacts. Information architecture of the labels
positioned the established brands in a higher position in the brand positioning map. 44.4% of
product brands did not assure consumer protection, poorly contributed to knowledge and labeling
architecture was did not create consumption stimuli.
Keywords: labelling architecture, traditional medicine, Sri Lanka
PP 120: A value-added nutribar made from underutilized green seaweed Ulva lactuca from Sri
Lanka
RMAC Udayangani, I Wijesekara, I Wickramasinghe, MA Jayasinghe

Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
Edible seaweeds have been consumed and used in Traditional Medicine for centuries by East Asian
people. However, in Sri Lanka, these seaweeds are underutilized and they have potential to develop
novel nutraceutical food products. Four species of edible green seaweeds (Ulvalactuca,
219
Ulvacompressa, Caulerparacemosa, and Chaetomorphaantennina) were manually collected from the
Southern Coast, Matara, Sri Lanka. The crude protein contents of the above powdered seaweeds
and proximate composition of U. lactuca were determined by Kjeldhal and AOAC methods,
respectively. Furthermore, cereal-based nutribars incorporated with 0, 5, and 10% of dried U.
lactuca (w/w) were developed. In addition, their textural properties, crude protein contents and
antioxidant activities were investigated. Results showed that U. lactuca showed significantly (at p ≤
0.05) the highest crude protein content (20.16 ± 1.07%) followed by Caulerparacemosa (16.90 ±
0.35%), Chaetomorphaantennina (16.25 ± 0.13%), and Ulvacompressa (7.69 ± 1.08%). The mineral
and crude lipid contents of U. lactuca were 17.17 ± 0.62% and 1.37 ± 0.05%, respectively.
Interestingly, the U. lactuca 5% enriched nutribar was shown almost similar in sensory and textural
profiles, except for colour, compared to the control (0%). Under-utilized U. lactuca in Sri Lanka can
be processed to develop novel healthy and nutritious foods. Moreover, promoting seaweeds
utilization will improve the life style of coastal families by generating an additional income.
Keywords: seaweeds, traditional medicine, Ulvalactuca, proteins, Nutribar
PP 121: Physiochemical and phytochemical analysis of Aponogeton crispus
R Sarveswaran1, IU Kariyawasam2, WJABN Jayasuriya1, TS Suresh3

1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri
Lanka
2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka,
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Aponogeton crispus is a fresh water monocotyledon belonging to genus Aponogeton and shows
various medicinal properties. Our previous studies show the hypoglycaemic activity of the flower
and the stalks of A. crispus. Use of the flower and the stalk as a functional food is limited due to a
lack of information regarding standardization. Hence this study aims on pharmacognostical
standardization of the flower and the stalk of A. crispus using preliminary phytochemical screening
and physiochemical analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening and physiochemical analysis for
the aqueous extracts of A. crispus were carried out as per WHO guidelines of quality control
methods for medicinal plant materials. The total phenolic content of hot and cold aqueous extracts
were also determined according to the method of Folin-Ciocalteau and calculated as gallic acid
equivalents (GAE). Results show reducing sugar, amino acids, alkaloids, flavanones, flavonoids and
polyphenols were found as phytoconstituents in both hot and cold extracts. Physicochemical
investigation of A. crispus reveals the presence of 18.8% of total ash and 92.9% of water soluble ash
in the powder. Dry matter and the moisture content of A. crispus was 4.2% and 13.6% respectively.
Hot and cold aqueous extracts of A. crispus yielded 21.6% and 21.3% of extractive values
respectively. Further, the total phenolic content of cold and hot aqueous extracts of A. crispus were
found to be 75.9 mg GAE/g and 69.2 mg GAE/g respectively. Standardized flowers and stalks of A.
crispus have many phytoconstituents. The parts of A. crispus which were standardized in the present
study will be useful for the correct identification and authentication of this medicinal plant and to
prevent this plant from adulteration.
Keywords: Aponogetoncrispus, physiochemical, phytochemical
220
PP 122: Standards and Certifications: a New Form of Marketing Tool - A Case of the Ceylon
Cinnamon Industry
IC Hettiarachchi, AMIP Abeysinghe, DAM De Silva, M Esham

Department of Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
Ceylon cinnamon, one of the first traded spices of the ancient world, is renowned for its medicinal,
chemical and aromatic properties. Pharmaceutical, bakery and confectionary, cosmetics and
perfumes were the main global market segments. Objectives were to investigate the compliance of
Ceylon cinnamon value chain members on quality standards (GMP/HACCP/ISO) and certification
(Organic/fair-trade/FDA/BRC) and certificates and standards as a promotional tool. Value chain
analysis based on mixed method approach and the sample profile was 675 growers, 485 peelers, 220
collectors, 50 balers/exporters and 30 value added producers. None of the cinnamon growers were
certified for good agricultural practices and limited number of cinnamon processing factories was
certified for good manufacturing practices. Upstream actors of the cinnamon value chain have weak
compliance level on quality standards and certification compared to downstream. Results revealed
that 52 % of the upstream actors were maintaining strong level of compliance on standards and
certification. Lack of traceability and improper pricing mechanism hinder the compliance levels of
the upstream while price premiums, competitive rivalry, brand loyalty attracts the downstream
actors. Exporters and value added producers used the standards and certification as strong
marketing tool to enter into the high end markets and their labeling architecture allocated priory
place for the standards and certification logos.
Keywords: standards, certification, Cinnamon Value Chain
PP 123: A literature rveiw on indigenous external applications used in Indralupta Chikitsa
MGDN Balasooriya, WDCK Karunaratna, S Kodikara

Indralupta can be co-related with Alopecia in modern medicine and “udugowwa kema” in traditional
medicine. In Ayurveda,Indralupta has included under kshudra roga and as well as kapala roga. Loss
of hair occurs due to aggravation of pitta and vata and hair does not grow again due to obstruction
of hair follicle from kapha and shonita. There are many effective herbals, herbo-mineral and mineral
drug recipes are mentioned in Sri Lankan indigenous books. Those recipes are different from one
another in order to mostly available drugs in those areas in Sri Lanka which the book was written. So
it is very important to find out different drug formulas used in different parts of Sri Lanka to treat
indralupta effectively. 26 books were included to present study. 72 drug recipes were found out.
Among them 52 recipes were herbals, 12 were herbo-mineral and 8 recipes were mineral. Mostly
available herbals in those recipes are Rasakida (Tinospora cordifolia), Olinda (Abrus precatorius),
Daluk (Euphorbia antiquorum), Niyagala (Gloriosa superba), Elabatu (Solanum indicum), Welmee
(Glyzerisa glabra) and makunuwenna (Alternanthera sessilis). Majority of these herbals are
mentioned under upa-visha drug category in RasaShashtra and comprised of Theekshna and
Ushnaguna. So it is very important to develop a proper treatment modality to treat Indralupta using
indigenous knowledge as it is not having a proper cure yet.
Keywords: Indralupta, Indigenous medicine, external applications
221
PP 124: Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic properties of Madhumeha
Choornam
LUP Liyanage1, RP Mendis1, AMHS Attanayake1, W Kumbukgolla2, TK Nawarathne1, LPTB

Levangamage3, P Kahingalage1, SC Samarawickrama1, SS Dennis1
1
2
3
The subject of herbal drug standardization is complicated because of the complex nature of herbal
drugs in their composition. However, standardization is still important to recognize the quality of the
formulation. Madhumeha Choornam (MC) is a well-known Siddha drug and according to the Sidda
pharmacopeia, MC can be used to treat Prameha and help with body strengthening. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of MC. We examined extractable matter,
total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, pH value, particle size and organoleptic parameters
such as color, odor, and taste of MC. All the experiments were done at the research laboratory in
Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute (BMARI) under standard conditions. The
experiments were conducted in triplicate and mean values were obtained. The color of the samples
was light brown, odor was characteristic and taste was pungent. Mean value of the ash content was
5.9±1.6 % and acid insoluble ash content was 5.3±0.9 %. Mean value of the weight loss of drying at
105 C0 was 11.3± 0.6 % and the pH was 3.9±0.4 %. The mean value of the water soluble matter and
methanol soluble matter was 31.1 % and 13 % respectively. Particle percentage which is less than
150 µm is 39.3 %. The physicochemical properties found in MC are comparable to good characters of
an ideal Choorna. These parameters can be used to standardize the MC among different
manufacturers.
Keywords: Madhumeha Choorna, Prameha, physicochemical evaluation, organoleptic
OP 125: Assessment of the applicability of Supercritical fluid extraction method in preparing

Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark oleoresins extracts based on antioxidant assays
S Abira1, KRD de Silva1,S Thiruchenduran1, RD Gunaratne3, PA Paranagama4

1
2
3
Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
4
Cinnamon extracts have versatile industrial applications mainly focusing on its ability to act as an
antioxidant. Cinnamon bark and oleoresins are the major raw materials for the industrial cinnamon
extracts. Studies have shown that the antioxidant activity of the cinnamon extracts is subjective to
their processing conditions. Putatively superior supercritical extraction (A) has been compared with
Soxhlet’s extraction (B) using cinnamon oleoresin and the water extract (C) of cinnamon bark for
their antioxidant activities. Extracts A, B and C were assayed for their antioxidant activity through
radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay. The linearity range for the analysis was 12.5µg/ml –
800µg/ml using butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) standard. All the extracts indicated significant
222
antioxidant activity against blank at concentrations above 12.5µg/ml. IC550 values of the samples
were 587.68, 544.62 and 1261.40 respectively and 49.32 for BHT standard. The BHT equivalent
radical scavenging activity of the extracts at IC50 were 0.084, 0.091 and 0.039 respectively.
Supercritical fluid extraction exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity when compared with
water extract (p-value = 0.035). Extract from Soxhlet’s extraction didn’t indicate significant
differences with the other two extracts at a significant level of 0.05 (p-values: A-B = 0.74; B-C =
0.057). This study indicates that extracts from cinnamon bark oleoresins extracted using the
supercritical extraction method has higher antioxidant activity compared to water extracts but an
equivalent antioxidant activity with extracts from Soxhlet’s extraction.
Keywords: Cinnamon, antioxidant activity, DPPH
PP 126: A comparative assessment of two Ayurvedic formulations on clinical features of Medo

Roga
JMGSL Jayasinghe1, RDH Kulathunga2, DUS Rathnapala3

1
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University Of Colombo, Sri Lanka and
Welagedara Ayurvedic Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
3
National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Medo Roga increases Kapha doṣa and Medo dhātu, thus the contour of the body can be correlated
with obesity and hyperlipidemia. Even though these are major health issues in the world, allopathic
medicines are discouraged due to their inefficiency of reducing signs and symptoms. The objective of
this study was to assess the effectiveness of two Ayurvedic remedies comparatively; Daśāṅga
Guggulu and Tripalā Cūrna, in management of clinical features of Medo Roga. Clinically diagnosed 60
patients with Medo Roga were selected at the Kāyacikitsā clinic of Ayurvedic Teaching Hospital
Borella and divided in to two by 30 subjects for each group. Ten clinical features of Medo Roga
mentioned in text of Mādhava Nidāna were considered and Lipid Profile and BMI were calculated
before and after the treatment. Daśāṅga Guggulu 3 g and Tripalā Cūrna 15 g per day were
administrated for Group 1 and Group 2 respectively for three months. Statistical analysis showed
that Daśāṅga Guggulu and Tripalā Cūrna showed a highly significant mean reduction of all clinical
features (p<0.001) and there were not significant mean differences between two groups. But the
mean difference in Group 2 for most of the clinical features, are higher than the mean difference in
Group 1, thus Tripalā Cūrna was more effective than Daśāṅga Guggulu for reduction of clinical
features of Medo Roga.
Keywords: Medo Roga, Daśāṅga Guggulu, Tripalā Cūrna, obesity, hyperlipidemia
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PP 127: Antioxidant activity of Linklive CareTM: A hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation

1
Depatment of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Depatment of Pathology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Link LivecareTM (LLC): a new hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation that consists of 14 herbs:
Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Phyllanthus amarus, P. emblica, Piper longum, Terminalia
chebula, T. bellerica, Tinospora codifolia, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Boerrhavia diffusa,
Osbekia octandra, Tephrosia purpurea and Vernonia cinerea was formulated by an expert panel of
Ayurvedic physicians at Link Natural Product (Pvt) limited. The antioxidant capacity of LLC was
evaluated via total phenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2-azinobis-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity.
The gallic acid equivalent phenolic content of the LLC was 1050/7g. DPPH scavenging activity of the
extract of LLC (10 -300 μg/ml) and gallic acid (2 -10 μg/ml) exhibited dose dependent activity with
IC50 values of 50 μg/ ml and 5 μg/ ml ,respectively. ABTS cation scavenging activity of trolox (0.125 -
2 μg/ml) and LLC (50- 1000 μg/ml) also showed dose dependent scavenging activity. Trolox the
standard showed 97% scavenging activity at 1 μg/ml whereas LLC showed 55% scavenging activity at
1000 μg/ml. Quercetin (25 -400 μg/ ml) and the extract of LLC (50 -1000 μg/ ml) showed a dose
dependent elevation in NO scavenging activity. Quercetin the positive control reached 58 % at 400
μg/ ml. At the same concentration the extract of LLC showed 50 % NO scavenging activity
respectively. These results show that the antioxidant capacity of the extract of LLC is low compared
to the standards, except in the NO scavenging activity assay. This indicates that anti-oxidant effects
do not play an important role in the reported hepatoprotective activity of LLC.
Keywords: hepatoprotective formulation, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS, NO scavenging activity
PP 128: Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of bioactive compounds in Australian native plants
V Agampodi, T Collet
Indigenous Medicines Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation,
Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Chronic wounds have a severe socioeconomic impact on the cost of health care and are predicted to
rise substantially in the future with concomitant management costs expected to exceed $18.5 billion
by 2021. Herbal remedies for the treatment of wound infections have been used for millennia across
a multitude of cultures. As such, there is an increased interest in plant-derived compounds which
have the potential to inhibit wound-colonising bacteria, thereby modulating the healing process.
This project aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of compounds present in two plant
species denoted 8481 and 8482. Ground plant leaves were extracted separately with methanol and
water. Extracts were tested against 19 of the most common wound-colonising microflora using the
well diffusion assay. Antibiotic discs were used as the positive control whilst sterile MilliQ water
acted as the negative control. All experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three
times. Bacterial inhibition was determined by measuring the radius of the inhibition zone. Results
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showed that plant extracts from both species were bactericidal against eight Gram-positive bacteria
including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis.
Since plants 8481 and 8482 contain bioactive compounds which have been shown to elicit
bactericidal activity against several common wound-colonising bacteria, ultimately, the reduction in
microbial load may augment the wound healing process. The real world implication of this research
is expected to produce novel plant-based therapeutics which can significantly enhance the healing of
chronic wounds, thus globally reducing the socioeconomic burden.
Keywords: bioactive compounds, antimicrobial, wound healing
PP 129: Conceptual assessment of Lekhaniya vasti in the management of hyperlipidemia
AS Nishshanka1, RDH Kulathunga2

1
Bandaranayke memorial Ayurveda research institute, Nawinne, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Kaya Chikitsa Institute of indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka
Hyperlipidemia is a common lipid disorder characterized with increased serum cholesterol and
serum triglyceride level. Typically it is not showing clinical symptoms. But it leads to complicated
serious illnesses such as heart diseases or cerebral vascular diseases. According to the world health
organization a third of ischemic heart disease is attributable to high cholesterol. Raised serum
cholesterol is estimated to cause 2.6 million deaths and 29.7million disability adjusted life years.
Hyperlipidemia can be correlated with medo vriddhi as well as dhamani pratichaya which has been
emphasized in Charaka samhita under kaphaja diseases. According to Ayurveda, Lekhana property
has a potential in reducing both kapha and medas in the body. Further Susruta Samhita mentioned
that vasti, has an ability to spread its potency throughout the body. Vasti is doing srotas shodhana
and alleviating vata. These are important for the process of samprapti khandana in medo vriddhi.
Therefore it is important to review lekhaniya vasti as a remedy for hyperlipidemia which mainly
caused by kapha and medas along with vitiated vata dosha. Lekhana dravyas show khara, tikshna,
ushna, laghu guna; katu tikta rasa; katu vipaka and ushna virya due to its akasha, vayu and agni
bootic composition. Based on these facts logical inference can be drawn, lekhaniya vasti should be
very effective in the management of hyperlipidemia in preventive and curative aspect both. Niruha
of karanja Kashaya and Anuvasana of madanaphala taila mentioned in charaka samhita can be used
here in the form of kala vasti.
Keywords: hyperlipidemia, kapha, medas, medo vriddhi, Lekhaniya vasti
PP 130: Clinical Evaluation of Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Sihinmidi (Premna integrifolia Linn)
Decoction
KDW De Silva, SD Hapuarachchi, SKMK Herapathdeniya

Department of Dravyagunavignana, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Sihinmidi (Premna integrifolia – Verbenaceae) commonly known as (Agnimanta) and traditional

physicians used the decoction of this root for obesity and hyperlipidemea in folk medical practice in
Sri Lanka. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of Sihinmidi. The
objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the cholesterol lowering effect of Sihinmidi
225
decoction. Thirty patients (age 18 – 60 yrs) of both sexes (BMI >30 Kg/m2) were selected randomly
from the OPD at Ayurveda hospitals in Borella and Molligoda. They were investigated and the values
of serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride were recorded before and after treatments. Thirty
patients were treated with 120 ml of Sihinmidi decoction twice daily for four weeks. After four
weeks of treatment, the study group showed a (p = 0.00) significant reduction of the values of serum
cholesterol and showed (p = 0.003) significant reduction of the values of serum triglyceride. The
study suggests that Sihinmidi decoction can be used as a cholesterol lowering agent for
hyperlipidemea.
Keywords: cholesterol lowering effect, Sihinmiidi, Premna integrifolia
PP 131: A systematic review on medicinal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus
FS Rafeek, V Paheerathan, R Piratheepkumar

Unit of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka
Aim of the present study is evaluated various medicinal plants used for anti-diabetic activity.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. It is the fourth
leading causes of death in the most developed countries and there in substantial evidenced that it in
epidemic in many developing and newly industrialized nations. This is posing a serious threat to be
met within 21st century. Since ancient time plants have been exemplary source of medicine. The
present study was conducted to bring up to date the scientific evidence on the 39 plants, collected
from different areas of Trincomalee district, widely used by people in the condition of Diabetes
mellitus. Among the 39 plants 35 plant species were possessed anti-diabetic activity. The total plants
belonging to 35 species were described and listed in the review. Required papers about diabetes and
effective plants were searched from the databases, including Science direct, PubMed, Wiley, Scopus,
and Springer. Keywords in this study are ”medicinal plants”, “diabetes”, “symptom”, “herbal”, and
“treatment”. The plants have been tabulated with botanical, family and medicinal uses. All the
plants which had Anti-diabetic activity were investigated according to this review. Although limited
information was obtained on the Anti-diabetic activities of these plants, it is however foreseen that
government institutes and scientific communities will pay more attention to these plants in future
research. This study led to the wealth knowledge of medicinal plants that are being used to treat
Diabetes mellitus. The further investigation on these medicinal plants may lead to the discovery of
active chemical composition which helps to maintain the Diabetes mellitus in control.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, medicinal plants, anti-diabetic activity
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Committee of steering
1. Chief Patron Hon. Rajitha Senarathne
Minister of Health Nutrition & Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka.
2. Patron Hon. Faizal Cassim
Deputy Minister of Health Nutrition & Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka.
3. Chief Executive Officer Mr. Janaka Sugathadasa
Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka.
4. Project Co-Chair Prof. Ranil de Silva
Director, World Class University Project, Director, Interdisciplinary Center for Innovations in
Biotechnology and Neurosciences, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura
5. Project Co-Chair Mr. S. Janaka Sri Chandraguptha
Additional Secretary (Development),
Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka
6. Project Director Mrs. Mangala Karunathilake
Commissioner of Ayurveda,
Department of Ayurveda, Sri Lanka.
7. Project Secretary Dr. (Mrs) Rameeladevi Thatparan
Ayurveda Medical Officer
Bandaranayake Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute
Nawinna, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.
8. Co-Chair of Symposium Dr.(Mrs) Nalika Sepali Gunawardena
National Professional Officer (Health Systems Analysis and Evidence), World Health Organization
Country Office for Sri Lanka.
9. Co-Chair of Symposium Dr. S M S Samarakoon
Senior Lecturer, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya , Sri Lanka.
10. Project Operation Executive Dr. Dammika Abeygunawardena
Provincial Commissioner of Ayurveda – Central Province, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
227
Media Coordination Committee Victuals Committee Fund raising committee International relationship committee
Mr. Lakshmi Kumari Dr. Kumari Kumarasekara Dr. Dammika AbAbeygunawardena Dr. Allan Ludowyke
Mr. Prasanna Adikari Dr. Swarna Kaluthotage Dr. Jeevani Thiranagama Dr. Thilina Wannigasegara
Dr. Nalaka Rangana Dr. Nanda Dadallage Dr. Wasantha Basnayaka Dr. Nadeeja Herath
Dr. Senaka Kodikara Dr. Indika Jayalal Dr. Manoj Medagoda Mrs. Savithri Gunathilaka
Dr. Manori Ranaweera Dr. Udaya Subasingha Symposium organizing Committee
Printing committee Dr. Suleka Punchihewa Dr. Swarna Kaluthotage
Dr. Krishanthi Jeevani Dr. Danister L. Perera
Dr. Ajith Kumara
Dr. Pushpa Madawa Dr. Nayana Liyanege
Dr. Senaka Kodikara Inaugural and Valedictory Session Technical Evaluation Committee Dr. Champika Peiris
Organizing Committee Dr. Pushpika Jayasundera
Publication committee Mr. Janaka Chandragupta Dr. Gayani Wijesuriya Dr. Vishaka Srikantha
Mrs.Mangala.Gunathilaka Dr. Dammika Abeyagunawardana Dr. Sumudu Uduwanage
Dr. Saumya Janakanthi Kumari
Dr. Dammika Abeyagunawardana Dr. Upul Weerawardana Dr. Sripriya Sugitharan
Dr. Nadi Gayani Perera
Dr. Thilina Wanigasegara Dr. Wasantha Padmakumara
Dr. Nadeeka Perera
Dr. Rameeladevi.Thatparan Pre-Symposium organizing Dr. Priyanga Lambias
Dr. Fasmiya Joonus
Mrs. Savithri Gunathilaka commityee Dr. Amila Withanage
Dr. Sudarma Umayangani
Dr. Rishad Muhari
Financial management committee Scientific sessions organizing Prof.Ranil de Silva Dr. Madhavi Perera
committee Dr. Sanseevan Harichandran Dr. Thushari Senarathna
Mr. P. Dayashantha Prof. Ranil De Silwa Mr. Nalaka Wijekoon, Dr. Kethakie Kulapala
Mr. S. A. Dharmawardana Prof. Nalika Gunawardana Mr. Lakmal Gonawala, Dr. Sampath Attanayake
Dr. Dammika Abeyagunawardena Prof. Priyani Paranagama Mr. Yoonus Imran, Dr. Nadeeka Promodani
Mr. K. P. Yogachandra Dr. Swarna Hapuarachchi Ms. Sanduni Jayaweera Ms.Chamindri Nagasena
Miss. Dinesha Lasanthi Dr. Senaka Pilapitiya Mr. Ashan Dayananda,
Mrs Dulanjali Fernando Dr. Kumari Kumarasekara Dr. Chayanika Padumadasa, Exhibition and Trade fair organizing
Dr. Thilina Wanigasekera Dr. Helani Munasinghe, committee
Dr. Priyani Peiris Dr Cuda Meedeniya Dr. Dammika Abeygunawardena
Dr S.M.S Samarakoon Ms. Chamindri Nagasena Dr. Jeevani Thiranagama
Logistic and Transport committee
Dr. Parakrama Hemachandra Dr. Nanda Dadallage Dr. Wasantha Basnayaka
Dr. Danister Perera Dr. Manoj Laxman
Dr. Parakrama Amaratunga
Dr. Ajith Kumara Dr. Udaya Subasingha
Dr. Thrinath Thilanjaya
Dr. Cassim Riaz Mrs. Savithri Gunathilaka
228
229

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Track 01

Interpretation of traditional historical manuscripts in light of

Abstracts of Keynote Speakers and Oral Presenters

Dr. Rathnayake M. Abeyrathne

Head/Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Independence, Resurgent of Nationalism,

Dr. Bhavana Prasher

CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit –TRISUTRA, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and

Traditional systems of Medicine follow a holistic approach to management of health wherein

Keywords: Ayurgenomics, Traditional systems of Medicine, Tridosha, Prakriti

Keywords: Wilandawenna, Panchakarma, Vamana Karma, Emetic

LSP Kumaradharmasen1, KPP Peiris2, SV Kamal3

OP 01-02: Evaluation of the efficacy of Kadukai Lehiyam in the management of constipation

OP 01-03: Literary Study on Indigenous Version of Nārāyana Taila

WGNS Samanweera1, DL Perera2

OP 01-04: Evaluation of polyherbal formula PhalaKalyāṇa Ghṛta on sperm parameters of Sprague

KC Perera1, S Wijeratne2, D Lokuhetty3, D Mathew4

OP 01-05: Immunomodulatory effect of Unani Compound preparation Ithrifal e Kishneez

JF Nairoza 1, MFM Fahim 2, MSM Nasmeer1, MMM Rifaee1

WGNS Samanweera1, S Pilapitiya2

SMSU Gnanarathne1, WAL Chandrasiri1

Abstracts of Keynote Speakers and Oral Presenters

Dr. Rutchanee Chantraket

Head of Technical and Knowledge Bank Working Group, Technical and

Keywords: management information system, 43 standard folders of data, monitoring and

Ms. Wimon Suwankesawong

Director of Technical and Planning Division, Former Head of the Health

The pharmacovigilance (PV) system of traditional medicine products,including herbal

Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, system of traditional medicine products, Herbal products

Prof. Jagat Rakesh Kanvar

Leader in “Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular

Dr. Lyudmila Turyanska

Assistant Professor/Senior Lecturer in the School of Physics and

Keywords: bioimaging, drug delivery

Prof. Arun V. Ravindran

Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Director, Global Mental Health

Keywords: depressive and anxiety disorders, complementary and alternative Medicine,

Head, Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Unit,

Keywords: Traditional, Integrative Medicine, Traditional Medicine Strategy

Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Indigenous Medicine,

Keywords:Indigenous and Traditional Medical System, Research, Sri Lanka

Dr. S.M.S. Samarakoon

Senior Lecturer, Department of Deshiya Chikitsa, Institute of Indigenous

Keywords: Indigenous Medicine, Helawedakama, Moneragala District.

C Kulkarni1, K Madhu2, MJ Saji3

OP 02-02: Effect of Agnikarma in the management of Asthijagranthi with special reference to

WMD Wickramaarachchi1, HP Wakkumbura2, TN Premachandra1, JA Liyanage3, RPVJ Rajapakse1

WDD Weerapperuma1 JMS Udayakumara2

L Gonawala1,7, N Wijekoon1, V Suriyakumara1, D Sirisena2, H Gunasekara3, P Akalanka1, V Suroliya4,

OP 02-06: In-vitro assessment of anti-oxidant activity of Mathumeha Chooranam (MC) used in

RP Mendis1, AMHS Attanayake1, W Kumbukgolla2, TK Nawaratne1, LPTB Levangamage3, P

AAJP Kumara1, SD Pilapitiya2, Anthony DJ3

EPC Priyadarshani1, SMS Samarakoon2, SKMK Herapathdeniya2

SHK Deepthika, HP Wakkumbura

HM Chamara1, SMS Samarakoon2, JTR Jayakody3

HRD Fonseka1, WMSSK Kulathunga2, A Pieris3, LDAM Arawwawala4

Ocimum sanctum Linn.is found to have anti-diabetic properties. It is known as Heenmaduruthalā in

OP 02-13: A comparative clinical study on the efficacy of balādimāthravasti and

WARP Weerasingha, HP Wakkumbura

WGNS Samanweera1, DI Uluwaduge2, KM Chandimal3, EDC Karunarathne4, ADH Sudeh4

KPDC Perera, KGC Dissanayaka

JSA Pathirana1, RMM Niroshana2, S Sonnadara3, SP Saman Kumara4, P Senanayake5, MP Batagoda6,

OP 02-18: Survey on post-dengue effects