ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0

National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR AND RECTANGULAR

OVERHEAD WATERTANK

Hemishkumar Patel1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda2, Dr. K. B. Parikh3

1
Student of first year M.E (Construction Engineering & Management), B.V.M Engineering College, Vallabh
Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India
2
Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College,
Vallabh Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India
3
Associate Professor, Government Engineering College, Dahod - Gujarat-India

Abstract: This paper is an application of optimization method to the structural Analysis and
design of circular elevated water tanks, considering the total economy of the tank as an
objective function with the properties of the tank that are tank capacity, width and length of
tank in rectangular, water depth in circular, unit weight of water and tank floor slab
thickness, as design variables. A computer program has been developed to solve numerical
examples. The results shows that the tank capacity taken up the minimum economy of the
rectangular tank and taken down for circular tank. The tank floor slab thickness taken up the
minimum economy for tanks. The unit weight of water in tank taken up the minimum economy
of the circular tank and taken down for rectangular tank.

Keywords: Optimization, Tank capacity, Water tanks

INTRODUCTION
I.
Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum
products and similar liquids. The force analysis the reservoirs or tanks is about the same
irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are designed as crack free
structures to eliminate any leakage. Water and petroleum and react with concrete and,
therefore, no special treatment to the surface is required. Industrial wastes can also be
collected and processed in concrete tanks with few exceptions. The petroleum product such
as petrol, diesel oil, etc. are likely to leak through the concrete walls, therefore such tanks
need special membranes to prevent leakage. Reservoirs below the ground level are normally
built to store large quantities of water where’ s those of overhead type are built for direct
distribution by gravity flow and are usually of similar capacity.

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

GENERAL

A water tank is a container for storing water.

Water tank parameters include the general design of the tank, choice of materials of
construction, as well as the following.

1. Location of the water tank (indoors, outdoors, above ground or underground) determines
colour and construction characteristics.

2. Volume of water tank will need to hold to meet design requirements.

3. Purpose for which the water will be used, human consumption or industrial determines
concerns for materials that do not have side effects for humans.

4. How is the water to be delivered to the point of use, into and out of the water tank i.e.
pumps, gravity or reservoir.

TYPES OF WATER TANK

Based on the location of the tank in a building`s tanks can be classified into three categories.
Those are:
I. Underground tanks
II. Tank resting on grounds
III. Overhead tanks or Elevated tanks

ELEVATED TANKS

Elevated tanks have many advantages. Elevated tanks do not require the continuous operation
of pumps. Short term pump shutdown does not affect water pressure in the distribution
system since the pressure is maintained by gravity. And strategic location of the tank can
equalize water pressures in the distribution system. However, precise water pressure can be
difficult to manage in some elevated tanks.

The pressure of the water flowing out of an elevated tank depends on the depth of the water
in the tank. A nearly empty tank probably will not provide enough pressure while a

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

completely full tank may provide too much pressure. The optimal pressure is achieved at
only one depth.

The optimal depth of water for the purpose of producing pressure is even more specific for
standpipes than for tanks elevated on legs. The length of the standpipe causes continual and
highly unequal pressures on the distribution system. In addition, a significant quantity of the
water in a standpipe is required to produce the necessary water pressure.

TYPES OF ELEVATED WATER TANKS BASED ON SHAPE

Types of Water tanks based on shape are as follows

1. Circular tank
2. Rectangular tank
3. Intze tank

1. CIRCULAR TANK

The simplest form of water tank is circular tank for the same amount of storage the circular
tank requires lesser amount of material. More over for its circular shape it has no corner and
can be made water tight easily. It is very economical for smaller storage of water up to 200
lac liter sand with diameter in the range of 5 to 8 m. The depth of the storage is between 3 to
4 m. The side walls are designed for hoop tension and bending moments.
General diagram of Circular water tank is shown below.

Figure 1: General diagram of Circular water tank

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

SOFTWARE CAPABILITY

SOFTEARE SAP2000 v14

The software used for the analysis in present study is SAP 2000 v14.0.0 Advanced. It is
product of Computer and Structures; Berkeley, USA. SAP 2000 is used for analyzing general
structures, buildings, dam, soil etc. fully integrated program that allows model creation,
modification, execution of analysis, and design optimization and result review from within a
single interface. SAP 2000 is a standalone finite element based structural program for the
analysis and design of civil structures. It offers an intuitive, yet powerful user interface with
many tools to aid in quick and accurate construction of models, along with sophisticated
technique needed to do most complex projects.

SAP 2000 is objects based, meaning that the models are created with members that represent
physical reality. Results for analysis and design are reported for the overall object, providing
information that is both easier to interpret and consistent with physical nature.

The SAP 2000 structural analysis program offers following features:

Static and Dynamic Analysis.

Linear and Non Linear Analysis.

Dynamic seismic Analysis and static push over Analysis.

Geometric Non Linearity including P ∆ effect.

Frame and Shell structural elements.

Non-linear link and support Analysis.

Frequency dependent link and support properties.

Multiple co-ordinate system.

Wide variety of loading option including wind load, seismic load, moving load etc. in
addition to the general loads.

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

DATA ANALYSIS

COMPARISON OF HOOP TENSION FOR RECTANGULAR AND

CIRCULAR WATER TANK
HOOP TENSION (kN/m) 120

100

80

60

40

20

0
50000 60000 75000 90000 100000
RETANGULAR TANK 33 70 80 90 110
CIRCULAR TANK 42 58.5 65 77 100
WATER CAPACITY (LITER)

Figure 2: Comparison of hoop tension for rectangular and circular water tank

COMPARISON OF AXIAL FORCE IN COLUMN FOR

CIRCULAR AND RECTANGULAR WATER TANK
300
AXIAL FORCE (KN)

250
200
150
100

50

0
50000 60000 75000 90000 100000
AXIAL FORCE FOR CIRCULAR
87.73 98.384 123.26 147.89 164.37
(KN)
AXIAL FORCE FOR
61.51 150 187.5 225 250
RECTANGULAR (KN)
CAPACITY (LITER)

Figure 3: Comparison of axial force in column for circular and rectangular water tank

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

COMPARISON OF WEIGHT OF WATER FOR CIRCULAR AND

RECTANGULAR TANK
1200
WEIGHT OF WATER (KN)

1000

800

600

400

200

0
50000 60000 75000 90000 100000
CIRCULAR 502.391 590.304 739.588 887.357 986.231
RECTANGULAR 512 600 750 900 1000
CAPACITY (LITER)

Figure 4: Comparison of weight of water for circular and rectangular tank

COMPARISON OF DEAD LOAD FOR CIRCULAR AND

RECTANGULAR TANK
1400

1200

1000

800
Dead load (KN)
600

400

200

0
50000 60000 75000 90000 100000
Dead load for circular (KN) 788.935 939.329 1017.604 1126.422 1143.711
Dead load for rectangular (KN) 828.47 889.48 1056.5 1136.46 1155.53
Capacity (liter)

Figure 5: Comparison of dead load for circular and rectangular tank

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
 ISBN: 978-81-929339-0-0
National Conference on: “ Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today’ s Transforming World”

CONCLUSIONS
Total water load in Rectangular tank is slightly higher than water load in circular tank
A hoop tension force for Circular tank is lower compare to Rectangular tank for higher
capacity.
An axial force in column due to total water load in Circular tank is lower compare to
Rectangular tank for higher capacity.
Software results compare to IS code calculation is higher.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Ramamrutham , Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

[2] Shah H.J. Vol-2, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
[3] IS code 3370, Part-I,II,III,IV
[4] IS code 456-2000

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh