Ind Hyd Training PDF

Industrial Hydraulics
Visual Aids
Chapter 15
Pump Fa mily Tree
Pumps
Non-Positive Positive
Displa ce me nt Displa ce me nt
(Centrifuga l)
Gea r Va ne Piston
Fixe d Fixe d Va ria ble
Ra dia l Axia l
Be nt-Axis In-Line
Fixe d Va ria ble Fixe d Va ria ble Fixe d Va ria ble
Figure 15-1 Pump categories

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION
Outlet
Inlet
Figure 15-2 Non-positive displa ce me nt pump

to circuit to circuit
Outlet Outlet
Inlet Inlet
Atmospheric Atmospheric
Pressure Pressure
Inlet Phase Output Phase
Figure 15-3 Positive displacement pump

to circuit
Outlet
Inlet
Atmospheric
Pressure
Inlet Phase
Figure 15-4 Aerated fluid caused by inlet air leak

High velocity microjet formation
Outlet
Inlet
Atmospheric
Pressure
Output Phase
Figure 15-5 Pressurizing the fluid collapses the bubbles

Figure 15-6 Piston pump valve plate erosion caused by aeration or cavitation
to circuit
Outlet
Inlet
Atmospheric
Pressure
Inlet Phase
Figure 15-7 Cavitation bubbles formed by a restricted inlet

Causes of Cavitation and Aeration
Causes of Cavitation Causes of Aeration
1. Clogged or restricted strainer 1. Low reservoir fluid level
2. High fluid viscosity 2. Defective pump shaft seal
3. Low fluid temperature 3. Return line above fluid level
4. Clogged reservoir breather 4. Improper baffling in the reservoir
5. Pump inlet line too small 5. Loose fitting on pump inlet line
6. Pump too far above reservoir 6. Defective seal on pump inlet line
7. Pump too far from reservoir 7. Incorrect reservoir design
8. Excessive pump RPM 8. Porous hose on pump inlet line
9. Too many bends in pump inlet line
10. Collapsed hose on pump inlet line
11. Restriction on pump inlet line
12. Failure of supercharge pump
Figure 15-8 Causes of aeration and cavitation

Outlet
Volume on this side Driven Gear

decreases as gear
teeth mesh
Idler Gear Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh
Inlet
Figure 15-9 External gear pump

Internal Gear Volume on this side
decreases as gear
External Gear teeth mesh
Inlet Outlet
Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh Crescent Seal
Figure 15-10 Crescent seal type internal gear pump

Outlet
Internal Gear
Volume on this side

decreases as gear
teeth mesh
Gerotor
Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh
Inle t
Figure 15-11 Gerotor type internal gear pump

Vane
Cam Ring
Rotor
Figure 15-12 Basic pumping elements of a vane pump

Increasing Decreasing
Volume Volume
Inlet side Outlet side
Figure 15-13 Eccentricity between rotor and cam ring

Rotor Cam
Rota tion
Inlet Outlet
Rotor Vane
Figure 15-14 Rotating group with inlet and outlet ports

Outlet
Inlet
Rotation
Figure 15-15 Balanced vane pump design

Cam Ring Ring thickness
throw
Figure 15-16 Interchangeable cam rings provide a selection of flows

Outlet Outlet
Inlet Inlet
Rotation Rotation
Figure 15-17 Rotating the cam ring 90 reverses the direction of rotation
Outlet
Inlet
Vane
Pressure
Plate Shaft
Seal
Rotor
Cam
Ring
Note: Ring/Rotor/Vane
assembly shown in red
Figure 15-18 Fixed displacement “square pump”

Pressure balance across vane
Vane
Intra-vane
Inlet Quadrant Outlet Quadrant
Reduced vane tip loading in

the inlet quadrant
Figure 15-19 Vane and intra-vane assembly

Rotor Surface
Pressure Acts
On These Areas
Pump Outlet Pressure

Acts On This Area
Base of slot in rotor
Figure 15-20 Outlet pressure in the intra-vane area assures vane-cam contact
Outlet
Equalizing
holes
Intra-vane feed notch.

Feed notch trails the
direction of rotation
Inlet
Rotation
Figure 15-21 Porting in rotor and side plates provides vane pressure balance
Intra-Vane Vane
Locating Pin
Support plate Cam Ring Support plate
gpm
Figure 15-22 High performance pump cartridge components

Figure 15-23 Intra-vane pump cartridge assembly

Figure 15-24 Intra-vane pump cartridge installed
Intra-vane
Cam Ring
Inlet
Outlet
Vane
Inlet Support
Plate
Shaft
Seal
Rotor
Outlet
Support
Plate
Figure 15-25 Intra-vane pump assembly

Double Pump
Figure 15-26 A double pump with a single inlet

Outlet Outlet
Pump 2 Pump1
Inlet Inlet
Pump 2 Pump 1
Tandem Pumps
Figure 15-27 A double (tandem) pump with separate inlets

flywheel
RPM A pump's displacement is the amount

of fluid discharged per revolution of
the input shaft.
stroke
2.32 in. Displacement is usually
3
measured in in /rev (sometimes
abreviated CIR or CID)
piston
area
2
1 in
from to
reservoir circuit
Figure 15-28 The piston pump concept

Figure 15-29 A radial piston pump
Shoe retractor ring
Cylinder block
Pintle
Cross key coupling

Piston
Reaction ring
Figure 15-30 Pintle porting in a radial piston pump

Case Drain
Outlet
Rotation
Inlet
Figure 15-31 A bent-axis piston pump

Cylinder Block
Case Drain
Swash Plate
Outlet
Rotation
Spherical Washer
Inlet
Shoe Retractor Plate
Piston
Pre-Load Spring
Figure 15-32 An in-line piston pump

Valve
Shoe
Plate
Retractor
Cylinder Block Plate
Pre-Load Spherical
Spring Washer
Swash
Plate
Load
Pins
Pistons
Case
Bearing
Shaft
Shaft
Seal
Figure 15-33 Components of an in-line piston pump

Pump Displacement
"Corner" Horsepower
(Prime Mover Requirement)
Pump
Output
Flow
gpm
Relief Setting
Metering Point
Operating Pressure - psi
Useable Power Wasted Power
Figure 15-34 Metering losses in a fixed displacement system

Timing adjustment for
noise reduction
Outlet Port
Maximum
Volume Pressure
Adjustment Compensator
Inlet Port
Figure 15-35 Variable Displacement Vane Pump

Outlet Port
Maximum Volume Slipper
Adjustment
Piston
Displacement
Control
Cylinder Block Stroke Ring

Control Journal Retaining Ring
Inlet Port
Figure 15-36 Variable displacement radial piston pump

Case Drive Shaft Flange
Piston
Drain
Outlet
Port Rotation
Inlet
Port Drive Shaft
Displacement
Control Piston Rod
Cylinder Block
Valve Plate
Figure 15-37 Variable displacement bent axis piston pump

Maximum Displacement
Reduced Displacement
Zero Displacement
Figure 15-38 Displacement is controlled by the angle of the cylinder block

Figure 15-39 Mechanical displacement control
Full Stroke
Yoke Actuating Piston

Yoke
Swashplate
Pressure
Compensator
Figure 15-40 Cross section of an in-line piston pump

Stroke Stroke Stroke
Inlet Inlet Inlet
Outlet Outlet Outlet
Figure 15-41 Pump displacement is based on swash plate angle

Compensating
Yoke
Pressure
Compensator
Figure 15-42 Compensators control the stroke adjusting piston

To Actuator
Inlet Case Drain
Case
Drain
Outlet
Circuit Schematic
Figure 15-43 Pressure limiting compensator operation

Variable Displacement Pump System
Pump Displacement "Corner" Horsepower

(Prime Mover Requirement)
Pump
Output Metering Point
Flow
GPM
Compensator
Setting
Useable Power Conserved Power Wasted Power
Figure 15-44 Energy saved by pressure compensation

Load pressure
from system
Figure 15-45 Piston pump with load sensing and pressure limiting compensator
To Actuator
Case Drain
Circuit
Schematic Inlet
Load
Case Sense
Drain Signal
Input
Outlet
Figure 15-46 Load sensing / pressure limiting compensator operation

Variable Displacement Pump System
"Corner" Horsepower
Pump Displacement (Prime Mover Requirement)
Pump Metering Point

Output
Flow
GPM
Compensator
Setting

Figure 15-47 Energy savings caused by load sensing

To Actuator
Case Drain
Figure 15-48 Torque limiting compensator operation

Displacement
Sensing Pressure
2 Connect to
1 3 Pump Yoke
Pump
Outlet
Pressure
P
Pump Case
Pressure Pressure
Displacement
Sensing Pressure
Location in Bore
Figure 15-49 Yoke position sensing piston retracted

Displacement
Sensing Pressure
Connect to
Pump Yoke
Pump
Outlet
Pressure
P
Displacement Pump Case
Sensing Pressure Pressure
Pressure
Location in Bore
Figure 15-50 Yoke Position sensing piston extended

Pump Displacement
Pump Input Torque Limitation

Output (Prime Mover Protection)
Flow Metering
Point
GPM
Compensator Setting
Operating Pressure-psi
Figure 15-51 Reduced horsepower requirements by reducing corner horsepower

To Actuator
Case Drain
Figure 15-52 Electrohydraulic displacement control


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Industrial Hydraulics

Fixe d Fixe d Va ria ble

Fixe d Va ria ble Fixe d Va ria ble Fixe d Va ria ble

Figure 15-1 Pump categories

Figure 15-2 Non-positive displa ce me nt pump

Inlet Phase Output Phase

Figure 15-3 Positive displacement pump

Figure 15-4 Aerated fluid caused by inlet air leak

Figure 15-5 Pressurizing the fluid collapses the bubbles

Figure 15-7 Cavitation bubbles formed by a restricted inlet

Figure 15-8 Causes of aeration and cavitation

Volume on this side Driven Gear

Idler Gear Volume on this side

Figure 15-9 External gear pump

Volume on this side

Figure 15-10 Crescent seal type internal gear pump

Volume on this side

Volume on this side

Figure 15-11 Gerotor type internal gear pump

Figure 15-12 Basic pumping elements of a vane pump

Figure 15-13 Eccentricity between rotor and cam ring

Figure 15-14 Rotating group with inlet and outlet ports

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION

Figure 15-15 Balanced vane pump design

Figure 15-16 Interchangeable cam rings provide a selection of flows

Figure 15-18 Fixed displacement “square pump”

Inlet Quadrant Outlet Quadrant

Reduced vane tip loading in

Figure 15-19 Vane and intra-vane assembly

Pump Outlet Pressure

Intra-vane feed notch.

Figure 15-22 High performance pump cartridge components

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION

Figure 15-25 Intra-vane pump assembly

Figure 15-26 A double pump with a single inlet

Figure 15-27 A double (tandem) pump with separate inlets

RPM A pump's displacement is the amount

Figure 15-28 The piston pump concept

Cross key coupling

Figure 15-30 Pintle porting in a radial piston pump

Figure 15-31 A bent-axis piston pump

Figure 15-32 An in-line piston pump

Figure 15-33 Components of an in-line piston pump

Operating Pressure - psi

Useable Power Wasted Power

Figure 15-34 Metering losses in a fixed displacement system

COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION

Figure 15-35 Variable Displacement Vane Pump

Cylinder Block Stroke Ring

Figure 15-36 Variable displacement radial piston pump

Figure 15-37 Variable displacement bent axis piston pump

Figure 15-38 Displacement is controlled by the angle of the cylinder block

Yoke Actuating Piston

Figure 15-40 Cross section of an in-line piston pump

Inlet Inlet Inlet

Outlet Outlet Outlet

Figure 15-41 Pump displacement is based on swash plate angle

Yoke Actuating Piston

Figure 15-42 Compensators control the stroke adjusting piston

Inlet Case Drain

Figure 15-43 Pressure limiting compensator operation

Pump Displacement "Corner" Horsepower

Operating Pressure - psi