KKKL2173

Analogue Electronics

Chp. 11:
Applications of Op-Amp

Rosmina Jaafar
 Recall from previous lecture

Inverting amplifier Non-Inverting amplifier

Example 1: Detemine the output voltage Vo Example 2: Detemine the output voltage Vo
if input Vi is 2.5 mV, R1 = 2kΩ, Rf = 200 k Ω if input Vi is 120 µV, R1 = 2.4kΩ, Rf = 240 k Ω
 Example 3: Calculate the
Multiple-
Multiple-Stage Gains output voltage if, Rf = 470kΩ,
R1 = 4.3kΩ, R2 = R3 = 33kΩ
and input Vi is 80 µV.

A = A1 A2 A3
Rf Rf Rf
where A1 = 1 + A2 = − A3 = −
R1 R2 R3
Multiple-
Multiple-Stage Gains: Example 5: Use feedback resistor Rf = 500kΩ
in all stage to produce outputs that are 10, 20,
separate gain and 50 times larger than the input.

Need to find the right values of R1 , R2 and R3 so

that the gains are 10, 20, and 50 times,
Rf respectively
A1 = −
R1

Rf
A2 = −
R2

Rf
A3 = −
R3
 Example 6: Calculate the output voltage if the inputs are:
Summing Amplifier V1 = 50mV sin(1000t)
V2 = 10mV sin(3000t)

Vo = − I f R f
Voltage Subtraction

Vo1

Rf
Vo1 = − V1
R1
R R  R R R 
Vo = − f Vo1 + f V2  = − f V2 − f f V1 
 R3 R2   R2 R3 R1 
Voltage Subtraction
Superposition Theorem
Set V2 =0:

 R3 
V01
V ' =  V1
 R1 + R3 
V’

 R   R  R3   R + R4  R3 
Vo1 = 1 + 4 V ' = 1 + 4  V1 =  2  V1
 R2   R2  1 R + R3   R2  1R + R3 
Voltage Subtraction
Superposition Theorem

Set V1 =0:

R4
V02 Vo 2 = − V2
R2
Voltage Subtraction

 R + R4  R3  R
Vo =  2  V1 − 4 V2
 R2  R1 + R3  R2
Voltage Subtraction

Differential amplifier

 R + R4  R3  R
Vo = Vo1 + Vo 2 =  2  V1 − 4 V2
 R2  R1 + R3  R2

R4/R2 = R1/R3 Vo = (R4/R2)(V1-V2)

 Controlled Sources

Voltage-controlled voltage source

Voltage-controlled current source
Current-controlled voltage source
Current-controlled current source
 Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source

Vo is dependent on the input voltage V1 (times a scale factor k)

12
 Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source

Voltage-controlled voltage source using

the inverting input.

Voltage-controlled voltage source

using the noninverting input.

13
Voltage-Controlled Current Source

Output current, Io is dependent by the

input voltage

14
Current-controlled Voltage Source

Output voltage is dependent

on the input current

15
Current-controlled Current Source

Output current is dependent

on input current

I o = I1 + I 2
I1 R1
= I1 +
R2
 R 
= 1 + 1  I1 = kI1
 R2 
16
 Instrumentation Amplifier
Do an exploration study on
differential ampliflier &
instrumentation amplifier
(what are they, advantages,
disadvantages & application)

VO 2R
=1+
V1 − V2 RP
 2R 
VO = 1 + (V1 − V2 ) = k (V1 − V2 )
 R P 

Circuit providing an output based on the difference between 2

inputs. The potentiometer Rp is provided to permit adjusting
the scale factor of the circuit.
Active Filters
Ideal Filter Response
Terminology
Ideal vs. practical
Frequency Response
First-
First-order low pass active filter

RF
Voltage gain below the cutoff frequency Av = 1 +
RG

Cutoff frequency 1
f OH =
2πR1C1
Example
RF 100kΩ
Av = 1 + = 1+ = 11 = 20.8 dB
RG 10kΩ

1
f OH =
2πR1C1
1
=
2π (10kΩ)(0.1µF )
= 159 Hz
 Example

From
calculation
1
f OH =
2πR1C1
1
=
2π (10kΩ)(0.1µF )
= 159 Hz
Second-order low-pass active filter

Circuit gain and cutoff frequency are the same for the
second order circuit as for the first order filter circuit,
except that the filter response drops at a faster rate –
closer to the ideal characteristics of low-pass filter
First order high-pass filter
Voltage gain

RF
Av = 1 +
RG

Cutoff frequency

1
f OL =
2πR1C1
 Example
RF 50kΩ
Av = 1 + = 1+ =2 = 6 dB
RG 50kΩ

1
f OL =
2πR1C1
1
=
2π (18kΩ)(0.003µF )
= 2.95kHz
Second-order High Pass Filter

Voltage Gain
RF
Av = 1 +
RG
Cutoff frequency 1
f OL =
2πRC
where R1 = R2 = R; C1 = C2= C
Example

RF 27 kΩ
Av = 1 + = 1+ = 3.9dB
RG 47 kΩ
1
f OL =
2πR1C1
1
=
2π (18kΩ)(0.0022 µF )
= 4kHz
Bandpass Filter
First stage – high-
pass filter

Second stage – low-

pass filter
Example
From calculation
1 1
f OL = =
2πR1C1 2π (10kΩ)(0.1µF )
= 159 Hz

1 1
f OH = = = 7.96kHz
2πR1C1 2π (10kΩ)(0.002 µF )
 Tutorial Questions

Do the following questions from Chap 11:

2, 3, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17

Quiz on Wed 8 Nov 2017