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ECOSYSTEMS
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MAIN LANGUAGE
ecosystem Desert falcon change Coniferous border
forest
soil Grassland goose between hectares soil
rocks Forest swan coast acres grove
water Rainforest trout beetle To regrow population
air Savannah elk buttefly To migrate cheetah
pond frozen marmot arachnids hibernation finch
biome North grasshopper ticks beaver pigeon
microorganism South To grow lizard oxen To recycle
wet Pole To need toad goose To plant
dry West ostrich toucans reindeer renewable
food chain East antelope sloth raccoon energy
To group To locate hyena jaguar porcupine To protect
To die hare red foxes huge skunk To use
Tundra elephant seal bison Taiga To scatter To light
1. ECOSYSTEMS
Living things and non-living things form an
ecosystem.
An ecosystem is a set of living things and non-
living things existing together in one place. In an
ecosystem, there are living things like plants and animals.
There are also non-living things like soil, rocks, water and
air.
An ecosystem can be as large as the Sahara Desert,
or as small as a pond. When an ecosystem is really large we
can call it a biome.
A biome is a large area with similar flora, fauna,
and microorganisms.
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1.2. Food
In ecosystems:
• Plants make their own food.
• Herbivorous animals eat plants.
• Carnivorous animals eat other animals.
• Omnivorous animals eat both plants and
other animals.
All these living things need each other to live and
they depend on each other for food. The food chain
is the way food passes from one organism to
another in an ecosystem.
The food chain starts with a plant. Next, a
herbivore eats the plant. Finally, a carnivore eats the
herbivore.
The food chain in a
forest
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ACTIVITIES
1. Write and complete. Use these words.
non-living things
Living things and ___________________
the food chain
compose an __________________ . An
wet
ecosystem is a set of living things and non-
living things existing together in one _______ . food
When an ecosystem is really large, it is called a
ecosystem
__________ . Some living things need
dry
_______ areas and others need ______ areas.
Living things depend on each other for place
________ . When food passes from one
biome
organism to another, it is called ___________ .
□ lion
□ zebra
□ grass
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______ALGAE____ ________________
FISH BEAR
2 ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ .
3
________________________________________________________ .
2. BIOMES
Scientists group ecosystems into categories called biomes. A biome is a
large area with similar flora, fauna, and microorganisms. In these biomes are
living things typical to each habitat. Most of these living things would die in other
ecosystems or biomes.
The most commonly accepted biomes that exist on Earth are:
1. Tundra
2. Desert
3. Grassland
4. Tropical Rain Forest
5. Forest
6. Savannah
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2.1. Tundra
There are cold and even frozen ecosystems near the North and South Poles.
These locations are called Tundra by scientists. It is the coldest biome. There are
two types of Tundra: Arctic Tundra and Alpine Tundra.
• Climate: It is very cold and temperatures are usually below 0ºC. It
snows a lot there.
• Location: Arctic Tundras are located in Alaska, Canada, Northern Europe,
Russia, and the Earth’s poles. Alpine tundras are located high in the
mountains.
• Living things: Some animals of the arctic tundra include: Mammals:arctic
foxes , polar bears, squirrels, wolves and elephant seals. Birds – penguins,
snowy owls. Fish – salmon.
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2.2. Desert
The desert is a dry place with very little rain and very high temperatures.
There are many deserts all over the world.
• Climate: all deserts are dry and they have large variations in
temperatures. Temperatures are high during the day. Some deserts are
very hot during the day but very cold during the night.
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• Location: There are many deserts all over the world, such as The Sahara in
North Africa.
• Living things: in dry deserts like the Sahara, cactus plants can grow
because they need little water. Animals such as camels, snakes and lizards
live in the desert.
2.3. Grassland
A grassland is a sea of grass. Grassland biomes exist throughout the world.
In these biomes there are extensive grasses, as well as a variety of small and
large animals. About one-fourth of the Earth's land area is grassland. In many
areas, grasslands separate forests from deserts.
• Climate: The summers are hot and the winters are cold.
• Location: Grasslands are located in North America, South America, Africa,
Australia, and New Zealand.
• Living things: There are few trees and large extensions of grasses.
Animals depend on the region. For example, in Africa we find zebras, lions,
tigers, hippopotamus, rhinos, hyenas, snakes, etc. In Australia: kangaroos,
goat, donkeys, horses, rabbits, and sheep. In North America: bison, coyote,
deer, eagles, red foxes….
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A type of grassland in
Australia
ACTIVITIES
4. What’s the wrong word? Circle the wrong word.
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It is in North Africa.
What´s a biome?
Y Q G Q W P P W W M D Y I A R
N D Q F Q K A O T U J Y Y S A
Z D R G K H D C P Z I O I Y E
X W H A H H D T R T U N D R A
L J D K M A D J G E U C A P C
U K I E J N F Y F I P K G Y M
J P A R X N B J J B V H Z Y V
V P U D N A L S S A R G H J J
U W P H W V Y X A N X B O C B
A B T W I A J W H P V L E E P
N K B G I S S B C C V Z X B G
P J B C W J I N X H M U L C U
G C Y T R E S E D R L D Y L W
W Z D R A I N F O R E S T P N
B D M T T S E R O F Q Z D W X
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2.4. Rainforest
Rainforests are very dense, warm and wet forests. There are millions of
plants and animals. Rainforests are extremely important in the ecology of the
Earth. The plants of the rainforest generate much of the Earth's oxygen.
• Climate: It is almost always raining in a rainforest. The temperature in a
rainforest never freezes and never gets very hot. The range of temperature
in a tropical rainforest is usually between 24-27° C. It is very warm.
• Location: There are two types of rainforest biomes: temperate and tropical
rainforests. Temperate rainforests are found along coasts in temperate
regions. Tropical rainforests can be found around the world.
• Living things: There are a great variety of trees, bushes and grasses.
Rainforests are tremendously rich in animal life. Rainforests are populated
with insects (like butterflies and beetles), arachnids (like spiders and ticks),
worms, reptiles (like snakes and lizards), amphibians (like frogs and toads),
birds (like parrots and toucans) and mammals (like sloths and jaguars).
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2.5. Forest
Forests are huge extension of land with many trees and different animals.
We can distinguish two types of forests:
1.- A taiga, also called a coniferous forest, is a cold forest.
2.- Temperate (deciduous) forests are forests in cool, rainy areas. They
have trees that lose their leaves in Fall and regrow them in Spring.
TAIGA
• Climate: It is very cold.
• Location: Northern part of North America, Europe and Asia. Taigas are
generally located south of tundras.
• Living things: There are not many animals in a taiga. Some taiga animals
live all the year in a cold winter environment, but many migrate south to warmer
climates during the winter, and others go into hibernation. Ants, arctic foxes,
wolves, eagles, beavers, oxen, huskies (dogs), brown bears, geese, reindeer…
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• Climate: The average temperature in temperate deciduous forests is
about 24°C. It is usually warm but on the top of mountains it is colder.
• Location: these forests are found in North America, Europe, and Asia.
There are smaller areas of these forests in South America, Africa, and Australia.
• Living things: There are a lot of plants, above all, trees and different
animals such as brown bears, deer, foxes, frogs, ducks, raccoons, rabbits,
porcupines, skunks, squirrels and different types of birds…
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2.6. Savannah
A savannah is a hot and dry grassland with few scattered trees. This
environment is in between a grassland and a forest. They are located in the dry
tropics and the subtropics, often bordering a rainforest. Savannahs can result
from climate changes, soil conditions, animal behaviour, or agricultural practices.
• Climate: An important aspect of a savanna is its climate. The climate is
usually warm.
• Location: Savannahs are located in Africa, Madagascar (an island off the
east coast of Africa), Australia, South America, and India.
• Living things: Savannahs are dominated by grass. Occasionally, you can
find individual trees or small groves of trees. Many animals live in savannas from
invertebrates (like grasshoppers, termites, and beetles) to large mammals (like
lions and leopards). The different savannahs of the world support different
populations of animals.
- Africa: African elephant, antelopes, buffalo, cheetah, giraffe,
hippopotamus, hyena, jackal, leopard, lion, rhinos, zebras..
- Australia: kangaroo, pigeon, dove, parrot, finch....
- India: Asiatic buffalo, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, tiger…
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• Rainforests are very dense, warm, and wet forests. There are millions of
plants and animals.
• Forests are huge extension of land with many trees and different animals.
We can differentiate two types: Taiga (or Coniferous Forest) and
Temperate Deciduous Forests.
• A savannah is a hot and dry grassland with few scattered trees.
ACTIVITIES
7. Read and answer.
11 Hi! I´m Jackson, I´m 31. I live in a
3 Hi! I´m Abdur Rabb, I´m older
place in North America where it is than my friends, I´m 67. I live in
really cold. I live in the mountains Africa, in a place where it is really
and I have a huskie dog that help hot during the day and cold in the
me in my work. Where I live there night. Where I live there are not
are other animals such as brown many animals or plants.
bears, arctic foxes and wolves.
TUNDRA
TAIGA
DESERT
SAVANNA
gorilla
polar
bear sheep eagle sloth
penguin elk
lizard rhino
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WEATHER
LIVING
THINGS
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7 8 9 10
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EclipseCrossword.com
Across
3. a hot and dry grassland with few scattered trees
6. an animal in the rainforest that lives in trees
8. a set of living things and non-living things existing together in one place
11. plants of the rainforest generate much of this
12. a plant that you can find in the desert
13. a place that is generally located south of a tundra
14. a sea of grass
Down
1. a desert in North Africa
2. animals that eat other animals
4. a way to help our planet
5. a large area with similar flora, fauna, and microorganisms
7. a mammal that lives in the tundra
9. a cold and frozen ecosystem
10. Alpine tundras are located
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______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
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15. Draw.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwFr2hWjo5s
ECOSYSTEM
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