Approximate reversal of quantum bosonic Gaussian

dynamics

Siddhartha Das

Quantum Science & Technologies Group

Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics,
Louisiana State University
sdas21@lsu.edu

Based on arXiv:1702.04737
(Ludovico Lami, Siddhartha Das, Mark M. Wilde )

19th Annual SQuInT Workshop, Feb 23-25, 2017, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

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Take home

Main Result
The Petz recovery map Pσ,N associated to a bosonic Gaussian state σ and
a bosonic Gaussian channel N is itself a bosonic Gaussian channel.

Petz recovery map

Pσ,N ◦ N (σ) = σ.

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Motivation

Second law of thermodynamics, Data-processing inequality, Entropy

gain
Entropic inequalities → limitations of many physical processes
(thermodynamics, information-communication, uncertainty relations
etc.)
Refining these inequalities → extent of reversibility of an
“irreversible” physical process [JSRWW15].
Applications : Approximate reversal of quantum Gaussian
dynamics, Resource theory of non-Gaussianity

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Background — Data-processing and recoverability

Quantum relative entropy

For quantum states ρ and σ :

D(ρkσ) ≡ Tr[ρ(log ρ − log σ)], supp(ρ) ⊂ supp(σ).

Data-processing
For states ρ, σ and quantum channel N :

D(ρkσ) − D(N (ρ)kN (σ)) ≥ 0

Data-processing and Petz map

If D(ρkσ) − D(N (ρ)kN (σ)) = 0, then

Pσ,N ◦ N (ρ) = ρ.

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Background — Petz recovery map

Petz map [Petz88]

Given a state σ and a channel N , the associated Petz map Pσ,N is a linear
map solution of
†
hA, N † (B)iσ = hPσ,N (A), BiN (σ) , ∀A, B,

where A and B are bounded operators and the weighted Hilbert–Schmidt

inner product for bounded operators τ1 and τ2 and a trace-class operator ξ
is
hτ1 , τ2 iξ ≡ Tr[τ1† ξ 1/2 τ2 ξ 1/2 ].

Uniqueness of the Petz map

Pσ,N is unique if N (σ) is a faithful operator, and otherwise, it is unique
on the support of this operator.

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Background —n-mode quantum Bosonic system

Commutation relation
r = (x1 , . . . , xn , p1 , . . . , pn )T
" #
T 0 1
[r , r ] = iΩ, Ω≡ ⊗ In
−1 0

Gaussian state
A quantum Gaussian state is a ground or thermal state of a Hamiltonian
Ĥ that is quadratic in the position- and momentum-quadrature operators.

Hamiltonian Ĥ
Hamiltonian has the form 12 (r − s)T H (r − s), s ∈ R2n , H ≥ 0 and
H ∈ M2n×2n . [H:Hamiltonian matrix]

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Background — Gaussian state ρ

Gaussian state ρ

1
 
ρ= Zρ−1 exp − (r − sρ )T Hρ (r − sρ ) , Zρ : Normalization factor.
2

Mean vector sρ
hr iρ = sρ ∈ R2n .

Covariance matrix Vρ
iΩHρ
 
Vρ ≡ coth iΩ.
2
Check : Vρj,k = h{rj − sρj , rk − sρk }iρ .

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Background — Gaussian dynamics

Gaussian channel N
The following transformation of the covariance matrix Vρ and mean vector
sρ of an input quantum Gaussian state ρ:
(
7 → XVρ X T + Y
Vρ −
N : . CP criteria : Y + iΩ ≥ iX ΩX T .
sρ −7 → Xsρ + δ

Adjoint of the channel N : N †

(
† 7 → X −1 (Vρ + Y ) X −T
Vρ −
N : .
sρ −7 → X −1 (sρ − δ)

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Main Result

Theorem
Let σ be a quantum Gaussian state, and let N be a quantum Gaussian
channel. Then the Petz recovery map Pσ,N is a quantum Gaussian
channel: (
V 7−→ XP VXPT + YP
Pσ,N : , (1)
s 7−→ XP s + δP

−2 −1
q r

−2
XP ≡ I + (Vσ Ω) Vσ X T
I + ΩVN (σ) VN−1(σ) ,
YP ≡ Vσ − XP VN (σ) XPT ,
δP ≡ sσ − XP (Xsσ + δ) ,
VN (σ) = XVσ X T + Y .

Assumption : VN (σ) + iΩ > 0, i.e., N (σ) is faithful.

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Proof strategy I

Ansatz 1
Work with form of Petz map in the finite-dimensional case
1 1 1 1
Pσ,N (·) = σ 2 N † (N (σ)− 2 (·)N (σ)− 2 )σ 2 .

Under the same Ansatz 1, we arrive at the hypothesis that (1) gives the
explicit form for the action of the Petz map on a Gaussian input state.
The Petz map is a serial concatenation of three completely positive maps:

(·) → N (σ)−1/2 (·)N (σ)−1/2 ,

(·) → N † (·),
(·) → σ 1/2 (·)σ 1/2 .

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Proof strategy II

Ansatz 2
σ → σ −1 ⇒ Vσ → −Vσ .

Gaussian sandwich
Sandwiching a Gaussian state by the square root of another Gaussian state
is a Gaussian map resulting in another unnormalized, Gaussian state
[BBP15].

Ansatz 3
Assumption that the matrix X is invertible. (Later, we show how this
assumption is not necessary.)

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References I

[Petz88] Denes Petz. Sufficiency of channels over von Neumann algebras. Quarterly
Journal of Mathematics, 39(1):97-108, 1988.

[BBP15] Leonardo Banchi, Samuel L. Braunstein, and Stefano Pirandola. Quantum

fidelity for arbitrary Gaussian states. Physical Review Letters, 115(26):260501,
December 2015.
[GLS16] Marco G. Genoni, Ludovico Lami, and Alessio Serafini. Conditional and
unconditional Gaussian quantum dynamics. Contemporary Physics, 57(3):331-349,
January 2016.

[JSRWW15] Marius Junge, David Sutter, Renato Renner, Mark M. Wilde, and Andreas
Winter. Universal recovery from a decrease of quantum relative entropy. September
2015. arXiv:1509.07127.

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