10

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Health
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Learner’s Material
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Unit 1
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This book was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

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We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
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We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education
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Physical Education and Health – Grade 10
Learner’s Material
First Edition 2015
ISBN:
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Authors and publishers may contact FILCOLS at filcols@gmail.com or (02) 439-

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Published by the Department of Education

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 INTRODUCTION
Your Engagement in active recreation, sports, physical activities, and
understanding of health concepts will contribute to your sense of social
connectedness and help you assume greater responsibility through a variety of roles
as you participate in a real world situation. The Physical Education and Health
modules are uniquely crafted to explore your greatest potential and promote lifelong
skills through active participation in the different learning experiences. Emphasis is
placed on combining tactical knowledge that you will acquire, and the development
of skills for a better performance and achievement of the expected learning
outcomes.

PY
This module is designed to provide and equip you with knowledge, skills, and
habits that will enable you to achieve competence in maintaining your health and
physical condition. The domain in Physical Education focuses on the importance of a

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healthy lifestyle and physical activity through active recreation such as sports,
fitness, street dance and hip-hop dance, while Health Education emphasizes on the
development of the proper skills of a health-conscious consumer, lifelong
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participation in health trends, issues and concerns in health care, and planning for a
health career.
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Each module follows a standard format or pattern with a short overview of the
lesson, content and performance standards, pre-assessment and instructional
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activities categorized into four levels: What to Know, What to Process, What to
Understand, and What to Transfer. Every level provides activities that will allow you
to experience meaningful and varied learning. Your involvement in the different tasks
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can take many forms, ranging from self-reflection and group tasks to beyond the
classroom learning activities. Like any good material, you will also be assessed and
evaluated to ensure that you will have a thorough grasp of the lesson before tackling
the next activity. Your deeper understanding of the lesson will help you gain more
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relevant skills and information, preparing yourself for the challenges of the world.

As you start putting life into this module, you will discover many great
opportunities and learning experiences that will change the way you spend your time.
You need to visualize a better version of yourself and aspire to achieve a holistically
healthy you.

Come on. Let’s get started!

iii
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electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2015.
 Table of Contents
HEALTH
Unit 1: Consumer Health .................................................................................... 197
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 198
Learning Competencies .................................................................................. 199
Pre-Assessment .............................................................................................. 199

Activity 1: Survey says! .............................................................................. 201

Activity 2: Pair Share ................................................................................. 201
Activity 3: Stop or Go ................................................................................. 202
Activity 4: My Shopping List ....................................................................... 203
Activity 5: Let’s Go Back ............................................................................ 204

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Activity 6: Doctor Who? ............................................................................. 205
Activity 7: Healthy Places ......................................................................... 208
Activity 8: Garden of Herbs ....................................................................... 210
Activity 9a: Newspaper Ads ...................................................................... 213

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Activity 9b: Think About It ......................................................................... 213
Activity 10: Magic Bracelet ........................................................................ 216
Activity 11: Quack, Quack!......................................................................... 217
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Activity 12: More Quacks! .......................................................................... 218
Activity 13: Brainstorm .............................................................................. 218
Activity 14: A Bad Quack .......................................................................... 219
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Activity 15: Fight The Quack! ..................................................................... 219
Activity 16: Top Five ................................................................................. 220
Activity 17: Your Checklist ........................................................................ 221
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Activity 18: Guaranteed Service................................................................. 222

Activity 19: My PhilHealth .......................................................................... 223
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Activity 20: Think About It ......................................................................... 224

Activity 21: Government Firms ................................................................... 226
Activity 22: I Assert! ................................................................................... 227

Summary........................................................................................................ 229
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References ..................................................................................................... 230

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 Unit 1: Consumer Health

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C
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197

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 Number of Sessions: 10
CONTENT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The learner understands the The learner demonstrates critical thinking

guidelines and criteria in the selection and decision-making skills in the selection,
and evaluation of health information, evaluation, and utilization of health
products, and services. information, products, and services.

I. Introduction

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Where did you last spend your money?
What item did you buy? Why?
What kind of service did you last avail?
Who recently shared with you a new health
information?

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These are only a few of the things that
concern you as adolescents. Decision-
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making is an important skill that you must
learn in order to live a healthy and normal
life. This module will help you understand
the basics of consumer health. Consumer
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health aims to develop a person’s ability to evaluate and utilize health information,
products, and services wisely and effectively.

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All of us are consumers. We acquire health information, purchase health

products, and avail of health services to appraise, improve, and maintain our health.
Health information is any idea that we hear from people around us, read from books
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and other printed materials, or from the media that influence our health. Health
products are items that we consume to improve our well-being, like medicine, food,
clothes, furniture, electronics, etc. Health services are programs we avail from various
providers such as physicians, nurses, therapists, health workers, hospitals, clinics, and
the government. Some examples of these health services are insurance, treatment
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and cure, complementary and alternative medicine.

In this light, we must all be educated consumers who make wise selection of
information, products, and services that are scientifically proven and legally approved.
It is our duty to evaluate and examine the reliability of the sources.

Let us find out how we can be educated in consumer health.

198

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 II. Learning Competencies
The learner:

1. differentiates reliable from unreliable health information, products, and

services
2. explains the guidelines and criteria in the selection and evaluation of health
information, products, and services
3. discusses various forms of health service providers and healthcare plans
4. selects health professionals, specialists, and healthcare services wisely
5. explains the nature and dangers of quackery
6. reports fraudulent health services
7. explains the different kinds of complementary and alternative healthcare
modalities
8. explains the importance of consumer laws to protect public health

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9. identifies national and international government agencies and private
organizations that implement programs for consumer protection
10. participates in programs for consumer welfare and protection

III.

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Pre-Assessment
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Activity A: Identify the concepts being described in each item. Fill in the missing
letters to complete the crossword puzzle.
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D

199

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Across:
3. Sale of products that are not scientifically proven to be effective; fraudulent
advertisement or promotion
4. Healthcare practitioner who specializes in problems of the teeth
5. Allied health professional who provides healthcare to patients in hospitals
6. Public health insurance mandated by Philippine law
Down:
1. Doctor who specializes in the disorders of the respiratory system
2. Alternative medicine practice where needles are inserted in some specific of
the body
4. Form of quackery that uses equipment believed to cure illness
7. Health maintenance organization; form of healthcare provider that makes use

PY
of prepaid money to cover medical expenses

Activity B. Read the situation and answer the questions.

A teenager once went to the local market to buy materials for a Science
project. Upon passing by some stalls, he was invited for a free orientation on

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the latest product of a company. The company was selling “health rings” that
can detect the mood of a person and help lower body temperature and blood
pressure. The teenager was easily attracted, which made him buy two health
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rings for himself and his sister. He spent Php 600 for the items.

After a week, the teenager and his sister developed red spots and
rashes on their fingers. Upon checking, the rings are observed to have rust
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around them. The teenager wants to file a complaint so the company may
return his money.
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1. What is the nature of the teenager’s problem?

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________________________________________________________________

2. Who can help him with his problem?

________________________________________________________________
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3. What rights protect the teenager?

________________________________________________________________

4. What would you ask yourself before buying a health product to avoid the
same experience?
________________________________________________________________

5. As a Grade 10 student, how can you help the teenager?

________________________________________________________________

200

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 Part I: WHAT TO KNOW No. of Sessions: 4

In the WHAT TO KNOW phase, you will answer activities

which will assess your prior knowledge. At the end of the
phase, you will be assessed again to check your knowledge
about the concepts and information learned.

Activity 1: SURVEY SAYS!

1. Read the questions.

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2. Go around the classroom and ask a classmate to answer each question.
3. Record the responses below.

a. What should I do when my head and body ache?

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_____________________________________________________
b. How many times should I take vitamin and mineral supplements?
_____________________________________________________
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c. What is the best way to make my skin smooth?
_____________________________________________________
d. When is the best time to trim my fingernails?
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_____________________________________________________
e. What is the most effective way to lose weight?
_____________________________________________________
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Activity 2: PAIR SHARE

1. Find a partner and discuss the following questions:

a. Which of your classmates’ answers do you agree with? Which do you
disagree with? Why?
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b. What kind of information is being asked? Is it critical? Why?

c. Who can accurately answer these questions?
2. Write a one-paragraph reflection about the discussion.

Consumer health has three components: health information, health products,

and health services. What you have gathered from your classmates is health information.
Health information plays a big role in the life of individuals. “It is information that
people require to make wise choices and decisions about their health or the health of
[other people]” (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).

201

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 Health information is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give
to aid the health status of an individual. The type of information varies depending
on “diseases, sexual health, weight loss/gain, drugs and alcohol, depression/mental
illness, violence, smoking, eating disorders, acne/skin care, local clinics, and sexual
assault” (Payne, et al., 2005). The information is critical as it may alter the health
conditions of a person. Another important characteristic of health information is that
it is continuously and rapidly changing. Thus, it “should be timely, relevant, culturally
appropriate, accessible, and delivered in a relevant format” (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
There is a great need to update oneself regarding current research and evidence
available in the field.

Activity 3: STOP OR GO

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Read the health information below. Draw a cross on the GO column if it is
scientifically true and proven, and draw a cross on the STOP column if it is not.

GO STOP
Warts are contagious.

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Chocolates cause acne and pimples.
Cracking your knuckles causes arthritis.
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Healthy people who eat a balanced diet do not need
supplements.
Sleeping with wet hair causes mental disorders.
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Jumping from the third step of the stairs on the first day of
menstruation reduces the number of bleeding days.
Circumcision is done for hygienic purposes only.
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Touching hands of people with HIV may infect you with such.
Putting toothpaste on burns causes irritation.
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Sleep need varies depending on the individual

Think About It!

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Discuss the questions:

1. Why are there misleading health information? Who spreads them?
2. Who are the sources of health information?

Beyond the Classroom

1. What are other examples of myths (superstitions) and/or misconceptions
that you hear in your community?
2. Write them on your notebook and search for a scientific proof to counter
them.

202

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 Aside from health information, people also consume health products. Health
products are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic
reagents, and household/urban hazardous substances and/or a combination of and/or
a derivative thereof (FDA Act, 2009). These products may be purchased from various
places like supermarkets, pharmacies, and hospitals.

Activity 4: MY SHOPPING LIST

1. List five examples of health products that people buy and consume.

2. Enumerate the answers in your notebook.

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O

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Health
Products
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How do these products affect the overall well-being of an individual?

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203

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Activity 5: LET’S GO BACK

1. Read the following information.

2. Identify reliable and unreliable sources of health information and products.
3. Complete the table below.

Sources of Health Information and Products

Reliable Unreliable

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People acquire health information and products from various sources like
people, media, and technology. It is important to identify the reliability of these sources.
C
Reliable sources of health information and products are licensed professionals
who took up specialized and intensive studies in the field. They are the ones who
have the qualified educational background and can give scientific explanation to
validate information. We can also find reliable health information from health books,
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and accredited online sources. On the other hand, unreliable sources of information
and products are those from people who are not experts in this field.
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Aside from health information and products, people also avail of various health
services from different providers.
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Health services are often connected to healthcare. These programs aim to

appraise the health conditions of individuals through screening and examinations,
cure and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases, provide safety,
emergency care, and first aid, and ensure a follow-up program for individuals who
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have undergone treatments.

Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers. “A healthcare

provider is a trained professional who provides people with healthcare” (Meeks, et al.,
2011). There are different types of healthcare providers, such as:

I. Health Professionals
Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health
programs. An example of a health professional is a physician. A physician records
the medical history of individuals, provides diagnoses, performs medical examinations,
and prescribes medications. There are different types of physicians based on their
area of specialization.

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 Activity 6: DOCTOR WHO?
What are the different types of physicians?
Match the type of the physician with the area of specialization below.
cardiologist orthopedist
dermatologist ophthalmologist
gastroenterologist pediatrician
geriatrician pulmonologist
gynecologist urologist
neurologist

1 6

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2 7
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3 8
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4 9
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5 10

What are the other medical specializations that you know? List them and their areas
of expertise below.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

205

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 DO YOU KNOW?

Healthcare practitioners and allied health professionals are also considered
health care providers.

“A healthcare practitioner is an independent healthcare provider who is

licensed to practice on a specific area of the body” (Meeks, et al., 2011). Some
examples of healthcare practitioners are podiatrists (who specialize in the problems
of the feet), dentists, and optometrists.

On the other hand, “an allied health professional is a trained healthcare

provider who practices under the supervision of a physician or healthcare practitioner”

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(Meeks, et al., 2011). Nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, and physical therapists are
examples of allied health professionals.

II. Healthcare Facilities

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Healthcare facilities are places or institutions that offer healthcare services.
There are different types of healthcare facilities (Meeks, et al., 2011).
C
a. Hospital
It is an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis,
care and treatment. A hospital offers different types of medical care
like inpatient and outpatient care. Inpatient care refers to care given
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to individuals who need to stay inside the hospital to receive proper
treatment, monitoring and care. On the other hand, outpatient care
refers to treatment that does not require an individual to stay inside the
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hospital.
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There are different kinds of hospitals: private, voluntary,

government, and teaching (Meeks, et al., 2011). A private hospital is
operated by individuals to gain profit. A voluntary hospital does not
require profit because it is owned by a community or an organization. A
government or public hospital is being run by the state and the treatment
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fees are subsidized. A teaching hospital includes a school for medical

students.

In the Philippines, there are two classifications of hospitals:

general and specialty. General hospitals have complete medical,
surgical, and maternal care facilities. Some examples are the Philippine
General Hospital, Baguio General Hospital, Cebu General Hospital, and
Davao Medical Center. On the other hand, specialty hospitals handle
a particular disease or condition or deal with only one type of patient.
Some examples are the Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center of the
Philippines, and National Kidney Transplant Institute.

206

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 b. Walk-In Surgery Center
It is a facility that offers surgery without the patient being
admitted in the hospital.

c. Health Center
The services in a health center cater to a specific population
with various health needs.

d. Extended Healthcare Facility

A facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and residential
services to patients, often the elderly..

PY
O
C
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D

207

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Activity 7: HEALTHY PLACES

1. Complete the table by writing the correct answers on each box.

2. Find a partner and discuss the description of each health facility.

Health
Facilities

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Types

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C
III. Health Insurance
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`“Health insurance is a financial agreement between an insurance company
and an individual or group for the payment of healthcare costs” (Payne, et al., 2005).
This also may pertain to a “protection that provides benefits for sickness and injury”
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(Meeks, et al., 2011).

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It offers various types of coverage: “medical insurance, major medical insurance,

hospitalization insurance, surgical insurance, and disability insurance” (Meeks, et al.,
2011). Medical insurance pays for the fees of the health professionals, laboratory
tests, and prescription drugs. Major medical insurance offers payment for long-term or
chronic diseases such as AIDS and cancer. Hospitalization insurance pays for the stay
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of the patient inside the hospital. Surgical insurance pays for surgery fees. Disability
insurance provides financing for members who meet accidents or suffer from illnesses.

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electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2015.
 Health insurance may be sourced from both public and private companies. An
example of public health insurance is PhilHealth. As mandated by law in the country,
employees of both public and private companies avail of PhilHealth. It requires a small
monthly contribution from its members. These contributions are saved and used for
the medical care needed by a PhilHealth member.

A health maintenance organization (HMO) is a healthcare provider that offers

medical services that are availed through a prepaid amount of money. It is a business
that requires a relatively reduced monthly fee for subscribers. The difference of an HMO
with other insurance companies is that it hires or trains its own health professionals
and healthcare practitioners.

PY
Time To Read

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Using a computer with an internet connection, identify at least two other health
insurances offered in the country. If without an Internet connection, you may inquire
from the nearest hospital/medical center.
C
Write a short paragraph about each health insurance and its benefits. Cite your
resources properly.
D
“Consumers today face an amazing array of choices when they consider taking
action to improve their health or seek care for a health problem” (Donatelle, 2006).
E

In addition to health professionals, there are also many other forms of healthcare
that offer alternatives. These complementary and alternative healthcare modalities are
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often taken because some individuals believe that traditional medical care may not be
enough to treat a particular health condition. A complementary medicine is availed and
integrated together with traditional medicine. On the other hand, alternative medicine
is offered in place of traditional medicine.

There are four major domains of complementary and alternative medicine:

D

biology-based practices, energy medicine, manipulative and body-based practices,

and mind-body medicine (Donatelle, 2006). Examples of biologically-based practices
are taking herbal medicine and availing of special diets and vitamins. Energy medicine
uses magnetic fields or biofields in belief that energy fields may enter various points in
the body. Manipulative and body-based practices are bodily-kinesthetic in nature and
are concerned with movement therapy. Mind-body medicine uses mental exercises in
belief that the brain is central to the health of an individual.

In our country, Republic Act No. 8423 or the Traditional and Alternative
Medicine Act of 1997 provisioned the creation of the Philippine Institute of Traditional
and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC), which works closely with the Department of

209

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electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2015.
Health. The PITAHC is also the law-making body with regards to the effective use
of traditional and alternative medicine. Here are examples of the PITAHC-approved
alternative modalities

Naturopathy

“Naturopathic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in

the processes by which the body naturally heals itself” (Donatelle, 2006). Naturopathy
offers a wide range of natural practices including herbal medicine acupuncture,
acupressure, nutritional therapy, and ventosa cupping massage therapy.

Herbal medicine

PY
There are 10 herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and
approved by the Department of Health” (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009)

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Activity 8: GARDEN OF HERBS
What are the herbs approved by the Department of Health?
Unscramble the letters to form each herb in column A.
Read column B for the medicinal value of each herb.
C
A B
D
Herb Medicinal value

For ringworm and other skin (fungal)

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1. P L A U K A O C
infections
For non-insulin dependent diabetic
EP

2. P A M A L A Y A
patients
3. W A G N A B For blood pressure control

For use as antiseptic to disinfect wounds

4. S A Y A B A B For mouthwash or tooth decay and gum
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infection

5. G U D N A L I For cough and asthma

For intestinal worms, particularly ascaris
6. Y I N O G – A I N Y O G N
and trichina

7. B A S M N G O For urinary stones

8. A S A T N G B A T U G For mouthwash

210

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 9. N I P A S T – N A S I P A N T For arthritis and gout

10. B E R Y A – N U B E A For relief from body aches and pains

Examples of Alternative Medicine

1. Acupuncture

It is a form of energy medicine where

long thin needles are inserted to specific

PY
parts of the body to affect the energy
flow. Acupuncture is believed to treat
musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

O
C
D

2. Ventosa cupping massage therapy

E

This procedure is done by placing inverted
glasses that have flames from burning cotton,
EP

on specific points in the body. It is believed to

relieve muscle and joint pains.
D

211

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 3. Reflexology

Similar to acupuncture, reflexology

focuses on treating specific disorders through
massaging of the soles of the feet.

PY
4. Acupressure

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Acupressure uses the same technique
as that of acupuncture. The only difference
is that acupressure does not use needles but
C hands to apply pressure on certain points of
the body.
E D
EP

5. Nutrition Therapy

Nutrition therapy approaches treatment

D

of a medical condition by providing a tailored

diet for the patient.

212

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 Activity 9a: NEWSPAPER ADS

Using newspapers and magazines, reference books, or credible internet
websites, identify other forms of complementary and alternative healthcare modalities

Procedure:
1. Cut out pictures of advertisements of different complementary and
healthcare modalities.

2. Paste them on a piece of paper.

3. Search and write the health effects of these modalities.

PY
Activity 9b: THINK ABOUT IT

In 2-3 paragraphs, write your thoughts about the question, “Why are health

O
professionals, whether those that offer traditional, alternative, or complementary, not
present in a lot of rural municipalities in the country?”
C
E D
EP
D

213

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Homework: MY COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE SURVEY

Procedure:
1. Do a survey in your community about the various health services offered.
2. Complete the table with the information that you will gather.
3. Answer the question in one paragraph.

Barangay _______________

PY
Health Health Facilities Healthcare Plans

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Professionals
C
E D
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How effective and efficient are your community’s healthcare professionals and
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facilities?

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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

The following activities will be recorded under “Knowledge”.

Read the directions carefully and give the best answers.

Recall the concepts learned in the previous sessions.
Complete the graphic organizer by providing examples.

PY
Consumers

O
C Health Services
Health Information Health Products
Reliable Sources Examples:
Health Health Facilities
D
Professionals Examples:
Examples:
E
EP

Health Insurance Complementary

Examples: and Alternative
D

Health Modalities
Examples:

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Part II: WHAT TO PROCESS No. of Sessions: 1

In the “WHAT TO PROCESS” phase, you will answer and

perform activities which will help you process and improve your
understanding. At the end of the phase, you will be assessed
again to check your processing skills about the concepts and
information learned

Activity 10: MAGIC BRACELET

1. Study the poster below. Find a partner and discuss the questions.
2. Synthesize the discussion and prepare to share in class.

PY
O
C
D

Reflection Questions:
E

a. What is being sold by the poster?

b. What does it guarantee?
EP

c. Will you buy it? Make a comparative chart that lists reasons for buying
and reasons for declining this product.

Consumers receive health information, products, and services from various

sources, thus individuals may be prone to frauds. An example of which is quackery.
D

Quackery, a form of a health fraud, is any advertisement, promotion, or sale

of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective
(Meeks, et al, 2011). It is being operated by a quack. A quack is an individual that has
little or no professional qualifications to practice medicine. He/She also pretentiously
uses meaningless medical jargon and relies on scare tactics, paranoid accusations,
and quick fixes.

There are three major characteristics of health quackery (Schaler & Carroll,
undated). First, it is a big business. A huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent
health products and services. Second, it multiplies and spreads fast. Lastly, it thrives
on individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses that are known to have no cure.

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 Activity 11: QUACK, QUACK!

1. Study the posters.

2. Identify the three forms of quackery. Write the answers in your notebook.

PY
O
C
E D
EP

The three forms of quackery are:

a. Medical quackery
Medical quackery includes cures, treatments, and remedies of various
D

health conditions that are drugless or bloodless in nature.

b. Nutrition quackery
Nutrition quackery involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional
practices that claim to be all-natural. These are believed to have beneficial
properties of multiple plants in one product.

c. Device quackery
Device quackery makes use of miraculous gadgets (such as dials,
gauges, electrodes, magnets, and blinkers) that are believed to cure certain
health conditions.

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Activity 12: MORE QUACKS!

Complete the table by writing other examples of medical, nutrition, and device
quackery.

Medical Device Nutrition

PY
Activity 13: BRAINSTORM

O
1. Form groups of five members. Assign numbers 1 to 5 for each member.
2. Each person is given two minutes to answer this question: Why do people
easily fall for quackery?
C
3. After everyone has written the answers, discuss the possible factors that
affect people’s vulnerability to quackery.
E D
EP
D

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 Activity 14: A BAD QUACK

List down possible dangers of quackery to a person’s physical and psychological

well-being.

Physical Psychological

PY

O
C
TEST YOUR PROCESSING SKILLS
The activity below will be recorded under Process. Read the
procedures carefully and use the rubric to improve your output.
E D

Activity 15: FIGHT THE QUACK!

EP

In 2-3 paragraphs, answer the

following question on a piece of paper:
As a Grade 10 student, how can
you protect your family and yourself from
D

quackery?

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Part III: WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND No. of Sessions: 3

In the “WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND” phase, you

will do activities which will assess your deeper knowledge and
understanding of the topics learned. At the end of the phase, you
will be assessed again to check your reflection and understanding
about the concepts and information learned.

You are faced with health information and products every day from different
people and forms of media. But to simply know the source of information and product

PY
is reliable (or unreliable) may sometimes be not enough. It is also important to learn
how to evaluate the reliability of the health information and product.

Activity 16: TOP FIVE

O

1. Study the poster.
2. List five questions that you will ask the source about the product.
C
E D
EP
D

Will you buy the product? Why or why not?

It is important to examine and evaluate the reliability of any piece of health

information before applying it to your well-being. Here are the criteria that will help you
determine whether the information is reliable or not.

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 Activity 17: YOUR CHECKLIST

Complete the criteria below by supplying the missing letters. Use the
descriptions as your guide.

When evaluating health information and products, you must check for:

C__D_B___TY

1. This tells about the source and recency of the information.

o Who or what is the source of the information/product?
o Is the source qualified?
o Is the information updated?

PY
__NT__T

2. This tells about the accuracy, disclaimer, and completeness of information.

o Is it complete and correct?

O
o Does it have scientific basis?
o Does it state the limitations, purpose, scope, authority and currency of
the information?
C
o Does it have labels that contain the directions for use and storage,
expiration date and warnings?
D

D_SC__S_R_
E

3. This tells about the purpose and caveat of the information.

o What is the purpose of giving the information/product?
EP

o Is it for marketing purposes?

o Is it for selling products or for disseminating information?
D

IN__R_CT___TY

4. This tells about the feedback mechanism and means of information

exchange between the source and the consumer.
o Can the consumer offer comments and suggestions?
o Is it possible to ask questions?

Aside from evaluating the reliability of health information, choosing competent

and reliable healthcare providers is also important for it is crucial to the appraisal,
diagnosis, and treatment of health conditions. When visiting a healthcare provider, a
person should determine satisfaction and reliability.

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Activity 18: GUARANTEED SERVICE

1. Answer the questions.

a. What are the things that you look for in a doctor?
b. What are the things that you look for in a hospital?

2. Write your list of characteristics in your notebook. Prepare to share in class.

I am looking for a hospital

that…

PY
O
C
D
I am looking for a doctor
who…
E
EP
D

222

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electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2015.
 “Health insurance should cover standard risks of illness and injury for family
members.” (Meeks, et al., 2011). There are two types of expenses involved in health
insurance: covered expense and exclusion. Covered expense refers to the coverage
of medical services that can be paid by the company issuing the health insurance. On
the other hand, exclusions are specific services that are not paid by the issuer.

Forms of health insurance are not all the same. It is important to study the
plan before availing it. Here are some actions that may be taken to evaluate a health
insurance (Meeks, et al., 2011):

1. Obtain and read carefully a copy of the health insurance plan.

2. Ask questions of representatives from the health insurance plan.
3. Shop around for other options.

PY
4. Choose plans that give the most comprehensive coverage at the most
affordable price.

Activity 19: MY PHILHEALTH

O
Suppose you are employed and about to be enrolled in Philhealth.
How will you evaluate its reliability?
C
What questions will you ask the company? Write them on a piece of paper.
E D
EP
D

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Activity 20: THINK ABOUT IT

What are the pros and cons of availing a healthcare plan?

1. Debate on whether there is a need for a healthcare plan or not.
2. List your findings.

Pros Cons

PY
3. Write your comments on a piece of paper and be ready to share in class.

O
The government also plays an important role in consumer protection. A
consumer has rights mandated by law. These are privileges that an individual is
guaranteed of health products and services.
C
The Consumer Act of the Philippines is a law that protects the interest of
the consumer, promotes general welfare, and establishes standards of conduct for
D
business and industry. There are 8 basic rights of a consumer according to the act
(Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
E

Identify the 8 basic rights of a consumer:

EP

1. The right to __________________ This right guarantees survival, adequate

food, clothing, shelter, healthcare,
education, and sanitation.

2. The right to ___________________ This is the right to be protected against

the marketing of goods or the provision
D

of services that are hazardous to health

and life.

3. The right to ___________________ This is the right to be protected against

dishonest or misleading advertising or
labeling and the right to be given the
facts and information needed to make
an informed choice.

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 4. The right to ___________________ This is the right to choose products at
competitive prices with an assurance of
satisfactory quality.

5. The right to ___________________ This is the right to express consumer

interests in the making and execution of
government policies.

6. The right to ___________________ This is the right to be compensated for

misrepresentation, shoddy goods or
unsatisfactory services.

7. The right to ___________________ This is the right to acquire the

knowledge and skills necessary to be an

PY
informed customer.

8. The right to ___________________ This is the right to live and work in an

environment that is neither threatening
nor dangerous and, which permits a life

O
of dignity and well-being.

C
Aside from the Consumer Act of 2009, there are also other international and
national consumer advocacy groups that advocate for our health.
E D

Reflection Questions:
EP

1. What are instances that you practiced your consumer rights?

2. In which programs did you participate to advocate for consumer protection?

Write a short reflection on a piece of paper. Include the importance of practicing

your consumer rights.
D

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Activity 21: GOVERNMENT FIRMS

By knowing your consumer rights, you have the power to report illegal and
fraudulent health products and services. Here are some government firms that we
can approach to report. Identify them.

PY
O
C
What are other government agencies where we can report fraudulent health
D
services?
E

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
EP

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
D

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 Activity 22: I ASSERT!

How do you write a letter of complaint for the purchase of a fraudulent product?
Read the letter.

PY
O
C
E D
EP
D

Your Turn!

Construct a letter of complaint for the purchase of a product that is already

expired. Follow the format above.

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PART IV: WHAT TO TRANSFER No. of Sessions: 1

In the WHAT TO TRANSFER phase, you will apply what you

have learned by creating or producing a product. At the end of the
phase, you will be assessed again to check your knowledge,
skills and attitudes.

Do you know that October is the Consumer Welfare Month?

You will produce advocacy materials for the practice of consumer rights.

PY
1. Create your choice of any product in the list on any of the listed topics on
consumer health.

Product Topic
Song / Poem / Commercial Jingle Wise and intelligent consumers

O
Artwork / Poster Consumer protection
Brochure Health services
Video
C Combatting quackery

2. Prepare to present it in class.
E D
EP
D

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 SUMMARY

Complete the paragraph by writing the correct answers on the blanks.

Consumer health encompasses the health information, products, and services

being gathered, acquired, and availed by an individual. _____________________
refers to any concept, idea, data, or figures that may aid to the health status of an
individual. __________________ refer to materials, devices, or items that an individual
purchases to improve health. Examples of these are shampoo, medicine, health
electronics, and food. On the other hand, ___________________refer to programs
offered for the health appraisal of an individual through various treatment, screening,
and examinations. Some examples of these are health professionals, facilities, and

PY
insurance.

When availing of health information, products, and services, it is important

to examine and evaluate the reliability of the sources to avoid quackery. Quackery
refers to fraudulent promotion, sales, or advertisement of various products. There
are three kinds of quackery. The first is __________________ which refers to the

O
prescription of scientifically unproven medical treatment and cure. The second is
____________________ which refers to the sale of items that are believed to treat
or cure an individual. The last is __________________ which includes fad diets and
other practices.
C
Under the law, the consumers are protected with rights such as _________,
D
________________, ________________, and _________________. With these
rights, a consumer may be able to report incidences of fraudulent practices and
purchases.
E
EP
D

229

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References

Donatelle, R. (2006). Access to Health. (9th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson

Education, Inc.

Galvez-Tan, J. Z., et al. (2009). The Health Curriculum in Philippine Basic

Education. (Volume 2: A resource book on Health for teachers).
Pasay: UNESCO, National Commission of the Philippines.

Haag, J. (1976). Consumer Health: products and services. Great Britain:

Henry Kimpton Publishers.

Jones, K., Shainberg, L., & Byer, C. (1975). Consumer Health. (2nd ed.). San

PY
Francisco: Canfield Press.

Meeks, L., et al. (2005). Comprehensive school health education: Totally

awesome strategies for teaching health ®. (4th ed). McGraw-Hill.
New York.

O
Payne, W. (2005). Understanding your health. (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
C
Schaller & Carroll. (1979). Health, Quackery & the Consumer. W.B. Sanders
Company.
E D
EP
D

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electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2015.