'rage

TABLE 2.2
Survey of Design Practices for Open Frame Structures

:1 Design Basis Comments

1 for practice
I Whilbread & AXE 7 Whitbread is the basis for shielding factors, For six frames or
y less an enclosed. structure is upper boWld. There is provision for
, increasing the force coefficient for more than 6 frames.

Considers load out of horizontal plane,

; for The area considered is the protected area of the windward frame.
2 ASCE 7 & NatIOnal Force coet1icient is based on National BUilding Code oJCanada
BUilding Code oj
Canada
3 ASCE 7 & Georgio l Force coet1icient is based on Georgio/Vickery/Church,
Vickery/Church
A single Cf factor is considered in the calculation of wind on the
hree structure

Cf ~ 1.8 for all the framing members and 1.6 for ladders and
olatforms,
4 ASCE7 Provides simplified combined load coefficient for the gross area
of the structure
5/6 Whilbread & ASCE 7 Whilbread IS the baSIS for shielding tactofS. Ine total wind force
is limited to the upper bound of wind load on an enclosed
structure that would completely envelop the structure and
the attachments.
t or 7 ASCE7 The calculation of wind load considers the projected area of:
e an
a) the deepest girder for a Hoor level
fleet b) depth of flooring
c) piping and electrical as a percentage of the gross area
d) handrails perpendicular and parallel to the direction of wind,
,r as e) stairs
f) projected area of all colwnns and all vertical bracing (no
Nhat
shieldinR)
r the
8 ASCE7 Use Exposure B for pipe racks. No other guidelines provided.
'arne 9 ASCE 7 & ASI 170, Cfis taken from Table 14 and 15 of ASCE 7-88.
how Part 2, Standards
;ents Association of Shielding is based on ASff70, Part 2, Standards Association of
Australia Australia
10/11 ASCE7 Proprietary, SImplified "cflective" force coefficient applied to the
woss area of the structure.
:tion 12 ASCi<' 7 CfisbasedonTable 14ofASCE7-88
lrd.
ProprietalV force cocrticicnt armlicd to the windward frame.
13 ANSI 0458. 1 The force coefficients used for apen frame structures and pipe
racks arc 1.3 for the windward frame, 0.8 for the 2nd frame, and
05 for the 3rd and suceeedin~ frames.

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