xi important topics for askerians

March 28, 2015 at 12:31pm

CHAPTER # 1:

1. Adipic acid is used in the manufacturing of Nylon. The acid contains 49.3% ,
carbon, 6.9% hydrogen and 43.8% oxygen by mass. The molecular mass of
compound is 146 a.m.u., find the molecular formula?
2. QUESTIONS FROM STIOCHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS

CHAPTER # 2:
1. Give scientific reason for any four of the following:
a) Liquids rise in capillary tube?
b) Mercury does not wet glass. Why?
c) Evaporation is a cooling process?
d) Why do real gases deviate from ideal behavior?
e) Why free felling drops of liquid adopt spherical shape?
f) Glycerin is distilled at reduced pressure.
g) Size of Na is greater than Na+.
2. State and explain Dalton's law of partial pressure?
3. What are the postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases?
Define :
i) Ionization potential ii) Latent heat of fusion
iii) Order of reaction
iv) Vapour pressure v) Threshold Energy
vi) System
vii) Electrolysis viii) Enthalpy
ix) Thermochemistry
CHAPTER # 3:
1. Derive an expression for energy of an electron OR radius of nth orbital of
Hydrogen atom.
2. What rules and principles are violated in the following electronic
configurations:
(i) Is2 2s3 (ii) 1s2 2p2 (iii) Is2 2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6 3d4 4s
(iv) Is2 2s2 sp6 3s2 3px 3pyo 3pzo
3. What are the defects of Rutherford's Atomic model?
4. Give the Mathematical expression of following,
i) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
ii) Energy according to planks Quantum Theory.
iii) Wave number of electron in Hydrogen atom.
iv) Graham's law of Diffusion of gases.
5. Calculate the wave number & frequency of electron when it jumps from 4th
orbit to 2nd orbit? Where RH = 109678 cm-1
6. . Define Radioactivity. Describe the characteristics of Alpha OR Gamma Rays
7. Describe discharge tube experiment in detail. Also write the properties of
cathode rays?
8. Write the correct sequence of the orbitals according to (n+l) rule : 3d , 4s , 4p,
4d
9. Derive an expression for energy of an electron OR radius of nth orbital of
Hydrogen atom.
10. Give the electronic configuration of the following:
* 13A13+ * 16S-2 * 29Cu

CHAPTER # 4

1. HYBRIDZATIO AND ITS TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION

Discuss sp3 hybridization with example of methane?
2. PREDICTION OF SHAPES ACCORDING TO HYBRID MODEL AND VSEPRT.

i. BeCl2 ii. NH3 iii. Water

CHAPTER # 5

Drive and explain pressure volume work equation on the basis of law of
Conservation of energy?
OR
Prove that qP = ∆H and qv = ∆E

CHAPTER # 6:

`1. DERIVATION OF KSP , KC

2. NUMERICAL FROM KSP , KC AND RAIO

CHAPTER # 7:

1. Define standard electrode potential. How is electrode potential of Zn

determined experimentally?
2. Give the postulates of Arrhenius theory of ionization

CHAPTER # 8

1. RATE LAW
2. QUESTIONS FROM RATE LAW
IMPORTANT NUMERICAL
1. A 500cm3 vessel contains hydrogen gas at 400 torr and another 1.0dm3
contains oxygen gas at 600 torr. If these gases are transferred to a 2 dm3
empty vessel: Calculate the total pressure
of the mixture of gases.
2. Calculate the wave number & frequency of electron when it jumps from 4th
orbit to 2nd orbit? Where RH = 109678 cm-1
3. Balance the following Redox equations by ion electron
method.
HNO3 + H2S -------> NO + S +H2O (Acidic Medium)
MnO4- + SO3-2 + OH- ---------> MnO2 + SO4-2 ( Basic Medium
4. Following is given data for the reaction 2 NO + O2 —---> 2NO2 Find the
values of rate constant and order of reaction.

NO O2 Rate
(i) 0.1M 0.1M 2x10-3 MS-1
(i) 0.2M 0.1M 8x10-3 MS-1
(i) 0.1M 0.2M 4x10-3 MS-1
5. 3600 KJ heat is entered in a gas cylinder, calculate the value of E:
i. If the volume is kept constant.
ii. If the volume is not constant, work of -800 KJ was performed by
gas.
iii. If the gas is allowed to expand, the value of work is +5200 KJ.
6. Illustrate by calculation whether PbCrO4 would precipitate out if 100 cm3 of
1.5 x 10-4 M Pb(NO3)2 solution is mixed with 3000 cm3 solution of concentration
2.5 x 10-8 M.
7. Ammonia gas can be produced by heating together the solid NH4C1 and
Ca(OH)2 If a mixture containing 100gm of each of these solids is heated, how
many grams of NH3 will be produced? [5] 2NH4C1 + Ca(OH)2 ¾¾¾® 2NH3 +
CaCl2 + 2H2O
8. In a reaction A + B 2C when equilibrium was attained the concentration was
[A]=[B]= 4 mole/dm3 and [C]= 6 moles/dm3.Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc
and the initial concentration of A and B
IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR XI
March 28, 2015 at 12:42pm
Prepared By: Sir Hasham

SCIENTIFIC REASONS & Differences

XI CLASS
1. 1. Freely falling drop of liquid is spherical: (2001, 07, 2008, 2010)

Reason: Surface tension tends to reduce the surface area of the liquids. Since
sphere has the smallest ratio of surface area to volume therefore falling drop of
liquid becomes spherical due to surface tension.
1. 2. Evaporation is a cooling process: (2001, 2008)

Reason: during evaporation, high energy molecules escape from liquid surface
into gaseous phase for this reason average kinetic energy of remaining
molecules decreases and the temperature of liquid and its surrounding is
lowered. Thus evaporation is a cooling process.
1. 3. Pressure cooker cooks food quickly (2002)

Reason: Boiling point of liquid depends upon the external pressure. Greater the
external pressure, great will be the boiling point. In pressure cooker the vapours
are not allowed to escape due to which external pressure increases and boiling
point of water also increases. This increased boiling temperature is responsible
for rapid cooking.
1. 4. Foods take longer time to cook in high altitude areas. (2002,

Reason: In high altitude regions (Mountainous region) the boiling point of water
is below 100oC because of low atmospheric pressure (below 760 torr). Thus, in
such regions foods take longer time to cook due to the low boiling temperatures.
1. 5. At boiling point the temperature of liquid remains constant.
Reason: At boiling point, the average kinetic energy of molecules of liquids is
maximum. Further heating do not increase the temperature. Because the amount
of heat after boiling temperature is used to overcome intermolecular forces in
liquid and convert the molecules into vapours. This additive heat is taken away
by the vapours, which escape in the air. Hence the temperature of liquid at
boiling point remains constant.
1. 6. A drop of ink spreads on blotting paper. (2002,

Reason: A blotting paper is made up of porous substance. The pores present in

blotting paper act as fine capillary tubes. So when a drop of ink falls on blotting
paper, it rises on the paper due to capillary action.
1. 7. Why solids do not flow as liquids and gases do?

Reason: According to kinetic molecular theory, the intermolecular forces of

attraction do not exist in gases so gas molecules can move freely and hence
they flow. The intermolecular forces of attraction in liquids are so strong, that
liquid molecules are almost touching each other but they are free to move. So
liquids can also flow. In solids the strong intermolecular forces holds the solid
particles in fixed position. Since the particles of solid are not free to move
therefore they cannot flow.
1. 8. Honey is more viscous than water. (2002)

Reason: Honey has greater molecular size and intermolecular forces of attraction
than water. Due to this reason the resistance to flow in honey is greater than the
water. Hence honey is more viscous than water.
1. 9. In mountain areas food takes longer time to cook.

Reason: Boiling point of a liquid depends on the external pressure. At normal

atmospheric pressure boiling point of water is 100oC. On mountain areas,
atmospheric pressure is below 760 torr. Due to this reason boiling point of water
decreases and food takes longer time to cook.
1. 10. Glycerin is distilled at reduced pressure?

Reason: The normal boiling point of glycerin is 290oC but at this temperature
glycerin decomposes. In order to overcome this difficulty it is distilled at 50 torr.
At 50 torr the boiling point of glycerin decreases to 210oC and it is distilled
without decomposition.
1. 11. Evaporation of a liquid is accelerated on heating?

Reason: Rate of evaporation increases with the increase in temperature because

on heating kinetic energy of molecules becomes high enough to overcome
intermolecular forces of attraction. Thus number of molecules leaving the liquid
surface is increased. So the rate of evaporation increases on heating
 1. 12. Under similar conditions surface tension of water is higher than the
surface tension of ether.

Reason: Surface tension depends upon the strength of intermolecular forces of

attraction. Water has higher surface tension due to polar nature of its molecules.
In water there exist hydrogen bonds as compared to ether, which is non-polar and
has no hydrogen bond; therefore water has high surface tension.
1. 13. Mercury does not wet the walls of container.

Reason: Wetting or non-wetting quality of a liquid depends on surface tension;

cohesive and adhesive forces. Mercury has very high surface tension and
possesses very strong cohesive forces. On the other hand in mercury adhesive
forces are very small. That’s why mercury does not wet the walls of container.
1. 14. It is easier to pour water than honey.

Reason: It is due to the difference in viscosity. Honey is more viscous (thick)

than water due to strong inter-molecular forces. On the other hand water is less
viscous than honey. Therefore it is easier to pour water as compared to honey

1. 15. Different gases move with different velocities but they have same
kinetic energy at same temperature.

Reason: According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, kinetic energy is directly

proportional to absolute temperature, but K.E also depend upon mass and
velocity (K.E. =1/2 mv2). Since different gases have different masses. Therefore
they move with different velocities although they have same kinetic energy.
1. 16. A liquid boils at different temperature at sea level and at
mountains.

Reason: Boiling point of a liquid depends on the external pressure. Higher the
external pressure, greater is the boiling point. In mountain areas atmospheric
pressure is less than 760 torr. Therefore liquids boil at low temperature. At sea
level atmospheric pressure is greater than that of mountains; therefore boiling
point of liquids is high.
1. 17. Meniscus of water is concave (downward) but the meniscus of
mercury is convex (upward).

Reason: Formation of meniscus depends on cohesive and adhesive forces in a

liquid. In water adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces, therefore
water in a container stick to the wall of container and rise a little bit and form
concave meniscus. In mercury cohesive forces are strong as compare to
adhesive forces. Therefore mercury falls down from the sides attach to the wall
and a concave or upward meniscus is obtained.
18. Diamond is a bad conductor but graphite is a conductor of electricity,
why? –Or- The Diamond is hard and Graphite is soft Why? (2008)

Reason: Diamond and graphite are the allotropic forms of carbon. In diamond
each carbon atom is sp3 hybridized. Carbon utilizes its four valence electrons in
covalent bond formation and there is no free electron in diamond, that’s why it
can’t conduct electricity
On the other hand, in graphite carbon atom is SP2 hybridized. Each carbon atom
uses three electrons in bond formation while 4th valence electron of each carbon
atom is free to move which is responsible for the flow of electric current. That’s
why graphite is a conductor of electricity.
1. 19. Milk get sour sooner in summer than in winter. (2002, 2010,

Reason:
At high temperature and by the action of bacteria milk, sugar i-e lactose is
converted into lactic acid and is turned sour.
20. Food is preserved in freezers: Why?
Reason:
Frozen food does not rot and decomposes because it is safe from the bacteria at
low temperature. Or in other words bacterial enzymatic activates are stopped at
low temperature.
21. Zinc dust is used for the preparation of H2 gas and not the chunk of zinc
powder as large surface area of reactant. (2002)
`Reason:
Zn dist is exposed more to the reaction of acid so it produces more H2 gas than
the small area of Zinc Chunk.
22. The reactions with powder marble are more vigorous than those with the
pieces of marble.
Reason:
The surface area of powdered marble becomes greater than the area of marble
pieces. So the rate of reaction increases (increase contact of reactant)
23. The density of ice is less than that of Water (2010,
Reason:
When the water is frozen it expands about 90 5 expansion of the volume
of ice than original volume of water takes place. This expansion exist is due to
the existence of hydrogen bonding in the water, during freezing state the
arrangement of hydrogen faces each other so repulsion occurs and ice becomes
less dense than water.
24. On heating sublime substances like iodine and camphor they directly change
from solid to gas.
Reason:
On heating ammonium chloride and camphor like substances directly converted
into gases (Vapors) and no liquid state is appeared in between this process
because the intermolecular forces between the molecule3s in such types of solid
is less than ordinary solids therefore high energy molecules at solid surface over
come the attractive forces and directly converted into vapors.

25. The liquids have capillary action. Or A liquid rises in a capillary tube (2001,
09)
Reason:
The liquids have capillary action because of adhesive force)force between liquid
and any other surface e.g glass , papers etc) are greater than cohesive forces
among the molecule of liquid. Also another reason is surface tension of liquid is
responsible for capillary action. The surface area to the volume ratio of a
capillary of small bore is much smaller than the container in which the liquid is
placed. Therefore a liquid rises.
26. CO2 is a non- polar compound. (2009, 08,
Reason:
It is non polar compound because the double bond lie on the straight line and the
molecule is symmetrical, the two dipole moments of molecule are equal and
opposite thus the molecule as a whole is non- polar and has zero dipole moment.
27. The energy of activation decreases with the increase of temperature (2009,
Reason:
When the temperature is increases, energy in the form of heat is supplied to the
reactants molecule as a result, the average speed of all the reactant molecules
increases, this leading to higher frequency of collision, which cause to decrease
the activation energy, and the reaction occurs at faster rate.
28. (a) The boiling point of liquid remains constant although heat is continuously
supplied to the liquid.
Reason:
In other words when continuous heat is supplied to the liquid, its temperature
does not rise further on reaching the boiling point of the liquid, the reasons for
this is that the heat which is constantly supplied is used up to convert the state
of the liquid into the gaseous vapor state this supply of heat which is used up in
changing the state of liquid can not be measured by the thermometer, this heat
is known as latent heat of vaporization
(b)A negative catalyst decreases the rate of reaction.
Reason:
A negative catalyst decreases the rate of a chemical reaction this is because a
negative catalyst does not decrease the energy of activation but increase the
value of the energy of activation. This results in decreasing the number of
successful collision and therefore decreases the rate of reaction.
29. A liquid has less viscous at high temperature.
Reason:
A viscosity of liquid decreases with high temperature because the
binding force of liquid becomes weaker ultimately viscosity is also decreased. So
the viscosity decreases with rise of temperature in a liquid 2 % per degree
increased.
30. Water has high boiling point than HF although fluorine has high
electronegative element? (2001)
Reason:
Because in water molecule there are two polar Hydrogen atoms present enables
three dimensional bonding Whereas in HF there is only one polar hydrogen atom
and it is therefore only possible to form chain of limited length that’s why the
boiling of water is greater than HF.

31. Food is preserve in Freezers why? (2002)

Reason: Bacteria enzymatic Activities are stopped due to the low temperature.
32.
SIGNIFICANT FIGURE
EXPONENTIAL NOTATION.

1. These are the reliable digits known with certainty.

1. Significant figures are determined only in measured values.

2. Significant figures can be used in all types of measured values.

1. The numbers can be expressed a power of 10. The writing of a number in

this manner is called exponential notation.
2. Exact numbers can also be expressed in exponential notation.

3. Exponential notation is usually used to represent very small and very large
value.

LIMITING REACTANT
EXCESS REACTANT
 1. It consumes first and stops reaction.
2. It gives least amount of product, which is actual or true amount.

3. It left over after the completion the reaction.

4. It gives the amount of product more than actual amount.

POLYMORPHISM
ISOMORPHISM
1. It is the phenomenon in which one substance is found in more than one
crystalline form.
2. Different forms of same substance have same chemical properties.

3. One type of crystal can be formed at a time during crystallization.

4. It is the phenomenon in which two different substance have same crystal

structure.

5. As the substances are chemically different, they have different chemical

properties.

6. If their solutions are mixed they form mixed crystals.

IDEAL GAS
REAL GAS
1. It obeys all the gas laws at all conditions of temperature and pressure.
2. The size of its molecules is zero.

3. Vander wall’s forces between molecules do not exist.

4. It is imaginary gas and do not exist.

5. It obeys gas laws only at certain conditions.

1. The size of molecules is not zero.

2. They have weak Vander wall’s forces between their molecules.

3. The exist practically.

CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
1. They have specific geometric shape.
2. They have sharp melting points

1. They are symmetrical.

2. They have cleavage plane.

3. They may be anisotropic Le. Their properties may be different Directions.

4. Particles are arranged randomly.

1. They don’t have sharp melting points.

2. They are non-symmetric

3. They don’t have cleavage plane.

4. They are isotropic. i.e. they have same properties in different directions.

SIGMA BOND
PI BOND
1. It is formed by liner overlap or head on overlapping of orbital.
2. Inter nuclear axis passes through overlapping zone.

3. Sigma bond can be formed by the overlap of any two orbital. (Hybrid or
Pure orbital)

4. It is relatively stranger

5. Sigma bonds may exist alone.

6. It is formed by sidewise or lateral overlapping of orbital.

7. Inter nuclear axis does not pass through overlapping zone.

8. Pi-bond can only be formed by overlap of p-orbital.

9. It is weak bond.

10. Pi bonds can only be formed when sigma bond is present.

ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRO NEGATIVITY
1. It is the attraction of atom for single electron.
2. It is the amount of energy released or absorbed by atom.

3. It is measured in eV.

4. It is the property of isolated atom in gaseous state.

5. It is the attraction of atom for a pair of electrons.

6. It is relative tendency to attract electrons.

7. It has no unit.

8. It is the property of bonded atom.

LYMAN SERIES
BLAMER SERIES
1. It is obtained when an electron jumps from any orbit to the 1st shell of an
atom. (n1 = 1)
2. Spectrum contains ultraviolet radiations.

3. Wave lengths of radiations are less than 3500 A°

4. It is obtained when an electron jumps from any orbit to the 2nd shell of an
atom (n1 =2)

5. Spectrum contains visible radiations.

6. Wave length of radiations is in between 3500-7000 A°.

IONIC COMPOUNDS
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
1. They exist in solid state.

1. They have high melting and boiling points.

2. The are electrolytes

3. They exist in all three states. i.e. solids liquid and gaseous state.
 4. They have low melting and boiling points.

5. They are generally non electrolytes.

POLAR COVALENT BOND

NON POLAR COVALENT BOND
1. It is formed between dissimilar elements.
2. It contains ionic bonds character

3. The bond lengths become shorter than expected value.

4. They have greater bond energies due to attraction b/w positive and
negative charges.

5. They have high melting points

6. They are soluble in polar solvents.

7. It is formed between the atoms of same element.

8. It does not possess ionic character.

9. They have expected values of bond lengths.

10. They have relatively low bond energies.

11. They have low melting points.

12. They are soluble in non polar solvents.

Sp3 HYBRIDIZATION
Sp2 HYBRIDIZATION
1. One “s” and three “p” orbital intermix to form four similar orbital.
2. Four hybrids orbital are formed.

1. Shape of molecule is tetrahedral.

2. Bond angle is 109.5°

3. One “s” and two “p” orbital intermix to form three similar orbital.

4. Three hybrids orbital are formed, one remains an hybridized.

5. Shape is Trigonal planer.

 6. Bond angle is 120°

ATOMIC ORBITAL
MOLECULAR ORBITAL
1. They exist around the nucleus of single atom.
2. There is no bonding or anti bonding orbital.

3. They are less stable.

4. They exist around all the nuclei of bonded atoms in a molecule.

5. Bonding and anti bonding orbital are present.

6. They are stable.

ORBIT
ORBITAL
1. It is a definite circular path around the nucleus in which electrons revolve.
2. It has circular shape

1. It represents the movement of electrons in one plane.

2. They are represented by K,L,M and N.

3. The electron capacity is 2n2.

4. It is the area or region where the probability of finding electrons is

maximum.

5. Its shape may be spherical, dumbbell or double.

6. It represents the movement of electrons in three dimensions.

7. They are represented by s,p, d and f.

8. The electron capacity is 2e -.

COVALENT BOND
CO-ORDINATE COVALENT BOND
1. It is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms.
 2. It may be formed between similar or dissimilar atoms.

3. It may be polar or non polar.

4. They are usually insoluble in water.

5. They are denoted by short lines.

6. It is formed by one sided sharing of electrons.

1. It is always formed between dislike atoms.

2. It is always polar.

3. They are sparingly soluble in water.

4. They are represented by an arrow.

Bonding Molecular orbital

Anti-Bonding Molecular orbital
1. It is the area of high electron density.
2. It is the region of low energy.

3. It results by the addition overlap of atomic orbital.

4. It has low energy than atomic orbital from which it is formed.

5. It has high electron density in the region between the two nucleus.

6. It is the area of low electron density.

7. It is the region of high energy.

8. It is formed by the subtraction overlap of atomic orbital.

9. It has high energy than atomic orbital from which it is formed.

10. The electron density in away from the inter nuclei region.

VALENCE BOND THEORY

MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY
1. Atomic orbital retain their identity.
2. The electrons are mono centric.

3. Atomic orbital lose their identity.

 4. The electrons are polycentric.

IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND
1. It is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.
2. It is strong bond.

3. Greater amount of energy is required to break.

4. No discrete molecule is formed.

5. It is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons.

1. It is relatively weak bond.

2. Less amount of energy is required to break.

3. Usually discrete molecules are formed.

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
1. These properties-depend on quantity of matter.
2. The extensive property becomes half when we divide the system in two
equal parts. For example if we divide 2kg rice in two equal parts we get
two packets of 1kg, of rice.

3. They are independent of quantity of matter.

4. The intensive property does not change if we divide the system. For
example the boiling point of water wills unchanged.

(i.e. 100°C at 760 torr)

HYDROLYSIS
HYDRATION
1. It is a chemical process.
2. pH of water is changed.

3. Acid and bases are formed.

4. Amount of head evolved does not depend on charge density.

 1. Water dissociates into ions.
2. It is a physical process

3. pH of water is no changed.

4. Now new substances are formed.

5. Heat of hydration depends on charged density.

6. Water does not dissociate.

MORALITY
MOLALITY
1. The number of moles is considered in whole solution.
2. Volume of solution in specified.

3. It is represented by “M”.

4. 1 molar solution menas 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution

5. The number of moles of solute is considered in solvent.

6. Mass of solvent is specified.

7. It is represented by “m”

8. 1 molal solution means 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 Kg of solvent.

OXIDATION
REDUCTION
1. It is addition of oxygen
2. It is loss of hydrogen.

3. It is loss of electron.

4. It is increase in oxidation number.

5. It is loss of oxygen.

6. It is addition of hydrogen.

7. It is gain of electron.
 8. It is decrease in oxidation number.

POSITIVE CATALYST
NEGATIVE CATALYST
1. It increase rate of reaction.
2. It decreases the energy of activation.

3. It decreases rate of reaction.

4. It does not increase the energy of activation, it decrease the number of

effective collisions by combining with reactant molecules.

THRESHOLD ENERGY
ENERGY OF ACTIVATION
1. It is the total energy required by molecules to start reaction.

1. Threshold energy is greater than Ea.

2. It is the energy required in addition to average internal energy of reactants
to start reaction.

3. E is less than threshold energy

RATE OF REACTION
VELOCITY OF REACTION
1. It is the change in concentration of reactant or products per unit time.
2. It is the average speed of reaction.

3. Total time for change is considered.

4. Velocity is the rate of reaction at particular moment.

It is the instantaneous speed of reaction.

1. Specific time is considered.
RATE CONSTANT
SPECIFIC RATE CONSTANT
1. It is the ratio between “Rate of reaction” and “Concentration of reactions”.
2. It may be greater or less than “rate of reaction”.

3. It is equal to the rate of reaction as concentrations of reactants are taken

unity.

4. It is always equal to the rate of reaction.

MOLAR SOLUTION
MOLAL SOLUTION
1. Solution containing 1 mole of solute in 1 dm3 solution

Example: 40 gm of NaOH= 1 mole dissolved in `1 dm3 solution

(2) Volume of solution is specified
1. Solution containing 1 mole of solute in 1 Kg solvent

Example : 40 gm of NaOH= 1 mole dissolved in `1 Kg solvent

(2) Mass of solvent is specified