Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cyclical LJnernPloYment
I
.Resultsfromtheupsanddownofbusinesscycleofthecountryl
.ltcancontrolledbyimplementingappropriateeconomicpoliciestoavoidtheoccurrenceofsuch
emPloYnrent irreg u larities
- ls "cYclical" because:
olfthelevelofcyclicalunemploy'mentrslow,itmeansthatthepeopledon'thaveenough
purchasrng power to consume the produced goods
oManufacturerstendtoselltheirgoods/productsatlowerprices
Gross National Product
- occurs because of the undesirable performance of the real
; tu u p'r r' u r c' m po n e n'is
Structural U nemPloYment
Frictional unemPioYment
accurate outputs
- Employees are replaced by machines that can display fast and
- Popular labor organization in the Philippines:
o Kilusang MaYo Uno (KMU)
o Alliance of Progressive Labor
o Trade Union Congress of the Philipplnes (TUCP) ii
i
Seasonal UnernPloYment
labor supply
- Refers to unemployment resulting from seascnal changes in the
-MayoccurbecauseoftheclimaticchangeandduringholidaySeaSonS
l-heories of EmPloYment
Theory X
Theory Y
Theory Z
Mostworkersdonotconr:entrateinoneskillarea,butworkseveraldifferenttasks
-someindustriesareoftenanxiousaboutall;rspectoftheiremployeeslives'onandoffthejob
- Unpaid worker _
..a
person who performs voluntary work,, (Wordweb online)
as
o common in rural wherein these workers do not posses standard benefits/salary
compared to the employed individuals'
o Their services may be compensated by various forms/kinds
ol-hegovernmentstillconsidersunpaidwork,erasofficiallyel.lloved
v'rorkers whose skills are not suitable for the
Underemployed worker workers refer to employed
currentlon,orwhoseincomeisinsufficienttosupporthismaterialneeds
oHelshewouldnaturallysearchforanotherjobtogainadditionalincome
11':::111:: l il,it:":"]r-ors
oCollectlvebargainingagreement_containstermsandcondrtionswithregardtosalaries
andwagesofernployees,guidelineswithregardtolabordisputes,workingconditions
of the National Labor Relation
o The code expressly provides for tr'e estautiJnment
Comnrission 'th
wl regard to the conduct of
labor
of formulating rules and regulatio'ls
' ln-charge
internal rules of procedure
hearings and act on the labor
ot gu'"uu of LaboJ
o Provicles t'" ff'l-"'ttolishment fel:::t '"
intra-union conflicts
issires/dispuj". *r, may arise in rnter-union or
'lnter-unron-conflic'tsbetvvebntwoormorelabororganizations
a labor organization
' lntra-urrion - conflicts with
Labor force vs. Globalization
o whal't
po'cy in the internationar communitv
which sreatlv affects
ff:;|11$'!llno*'.
tne economY of the countrY in the international
, community members to engage
Encourages the internatior'ral
trade poor
between the rich and the
' t oniy widens the disparity
f
PovertY
health care' education' clothing
lack of basic human needs, such as clean water' rrutrition'
Poverty is the
andshelter,becauseoftheinabilitytoaffordthem
Causes of PovertY
- llliteracY. production
- ;;;;;-tlof private ownership of the means of
- High population/population bcom
- Terrorism
- PhYsical and naturalfactors government
- Coiruption irregularities in the
- Lack ol econonric oPPortunitiesvariety r:f competition
- Lack of social integiation and
Effects of PovertY
I
-r&d?' - Brings devastating effects not only in the psychological aspect of an rndividual but also brings
instability irr the socio-political structure of the society
- People rrray blame the government of their current economic status
- Political instability it may also harm the economy
- Socio-pctlitical instability may also lead into the mergence of the radical anti-poverty movements
- Undesirable effects of pove(y
o Sanitation problems
o Higlr crime rate, suicide rate
o High risk of political violence
o Poor housing projects
o Low lii:eracy rate
o Drug abuse
Characteristics of Poverty
- Absolute po,rerty
o General concept of poverty
o A fixed set of standard which is consistent over time
- *ulsfive poverty
o Deprivation of basic needs of an individual compared with some other population
- c> Socially-defined poverty
Urban Social Problems
o A rural delusion whereirt urban areas are more develop than the rural areas
o There are Filipinos who are still rnoving from the province to the urban communities
- Efiects of uncontrollable movement of rural people to the over-populated urban communities:
o Air, water and noise poliution
o lnforrnal settlers
o Prostitution
o Psyclrological and mental illnesses
o Alcohcll and drug abuse
o Crime and juvenile delinquency
- Squatters/Slumcommunities:
o An outcome of the abrupt movement of rural people to urban communities
' Squatter areas have proliferated along river-banks, railway tracks, esteros and in the borders of
residential areas
- Characteristics,
o Physicai -'absence of basic needs such as electrical and potable water supply
o Social- people may be employed or unemployed
o [-egal .- "nori-legal" status
culture
: I5f,Ji:itlr"ory which is coined by oscar Lewis
o First used in 1959 in his book entitled, Five Families: Mexicar: Case Studies in the
Culture of Poverty"
- Conflict Theotly
o Gqvelnment laws and policies - two of the socio-political institutrons which the
{ bourgeoisie class used to continue their abuse against the workers
o The existence of free-market economic policies is cnly intended to benefit tlte most
ffi
*fi, develoPed countries
tu; - Symbolic lnteraction Theory
64
;ffi o Studies society in symbols, things, pictures, representation and other tangible materials
Jt9
'I
o Poverty can be associated vyith laziness an<l irresponsibility
,
- Education
() One of tlre effective measures in order to rnsulate an individual against poverty
- Sex
o Feminization of poverty refers to a socio-economic phenomenon wherein women live
below the poverty threshold as compared to men
- Family structure
o Culture of Pove' tY theorY
o Female-headedfamilies(orbroken'families)
Millennium declaration
Medir"rm term development plan (MTDP)
Accelerated hunger mitigation plan
Kapit bisE laban sa.kahirapan (KALAHI)
Lingao para sa mahihirap program fund
Social reform agenda (SRA)