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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS – 1
UNIT – 1
In general, 𝐸 = 𝑟 − 𝑒
For this case, 𝑟 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = 3
∴ 𝐸 = 4– 3 = 1
Where,
m = number of members
r = number of reactions
j = number of joints
UNIT – 2
If all the members of a truss and the applied loads lie in a single plane,
the truss is called a plane truss.
(i.e.) ∑H = 0; ∑V = 0; ∑M = 0
12.Give any two situations where sway will occur in portal frames.
Eccentric or Unsymmetrical loading
Non-uniform section of the members
18.What are the methods used to analyze the beam when it settle at
supports?
Kani’s method
Moment distribution method
Slope deflection method
UNIT – 3
members at the joints does not change, when the members of frame
are loaded.
Prepared by R.Vijayakumar, B.Tech (CIVIL), CCET, Puducherry
P a g e | 184
3. Write down the slope deflection equation for a fixed end support.
2𝐸𝐼 3𝛿
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 + [ 2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 + ]
𝑙 𝑙
4. What are the moments induced in a beam member, when one end is
given a unit rotation, the other end being fixed. What is the moment at
the near end called?
When 𝜃 = 1,
4 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = , 𝑀𝐵𝐴 =
𝑙 𝑙
6. What are the situations where in sway will occur in portal frames?
Eccentric or unsymmetrical loading
Unsymmetrical geometry
Different end conditions of the column
Non-uniform section of the members
Unsymmetrical settlement of supports
A combination of the above
7. What is the ratio of sway moments at column heads when one end is
fixed and the other end hinged? Assume that the length and M.I of both
legs are equal.
8. A beam is fixed at its left end and simply supported at right. The right
end sinks to a lower level by a distance ‘∆’ with respect to the left end.
Find the magnitude and direction of the reaction at the right end if ‘l’ is
the beam length and EI, the flexural rigidity.
3 𝐸𝐼 𝛿
𝑀𝐴 (𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐵) =
𝑙2
10.How many slope deflection equations are available for a two span
continuous beam?
There will be 4 nos. of slope-deflection equations are available for a
two span continuous beam.
11.What are the quantities in terms of which the unknown moments are
expressed in slope-deflection method?
In slope-deflection method, unknown moments are expressed in terms
of
Slope (θ)
Deflection (∆)
Unknowns: 𝜃𝐴 , 𝜃𝐵 , 𝜃𝐶
Equilibrium equations used:
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 0
13.How do your account for sway in slope deflection method for portal
frames?
Because of sway, there will be rotations in the vertical members of a
frame. This causes moments in the vertical members. To account for this,
besides the equilibrium, one more equation namely shear equation
connecting the joint-moments is used.
14.Write down the equation for sway correction for the portal frame
shown in figure.
16.Write down the equilibrium equations for the frame shown in figure.
Unknowns: 𝜃𝐵 , 𝜃𝐶
Equilibrium equations used:
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
17.Write down the general slope-deflection equations and state what each
term represents.
Where,
MFAB, MFBA = Fixed end moment at A and B respectively due to given
loading
𝜃𝐴 , 𝜃𝐵 = Slopes at A and B respectively
𝛿 = Sinking of support A with respect to B
19.In a continuous beam, one of the support sinks. What will happen to
the span and support moments associated with the sinking of support.
Let support D sinks by 𝛿. This will not affect span moments. Fixed
end moments (support moments) will get developed as under
6 𝐸𝐼 𝛿
𝑀𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐹𝐷𝐶 = −
𝑙12
6 𝐸𝐼 𝛿
𝑀𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 𝑀𝐹𝐸𝐷 = −
𝑙22
20.What is the basis on which the sway equation is formed for a structure?
Sway is dealt with in slope-deflection method by considering the
horizontal equilibrium of the whole frame taking into account the shears at
the base level of columns and external horizontal forces.
UNIT – 4
10.A rigid frame is having totally 10 joints including support joints. Out of
slope-deflection and moment distribution methods, which method would
you prefer for analysis? Why?
Moment distribution method is preferable.
If we use slope-deflection method, there would be 10 (or more)
unknown displacements and an equal number of equilibrium equations. In
addition, there would be 2 unknown support moments per span and the same
number of slope-deflection equations. Solving them is difficult.
UNIT – 5
Compute and tabulate all rotation factors for all joints that would have
rotation.
Fixed ends will not have rotation factors. Nor rotation contributions
either to the same (fixed end) or to the opposite end.
Extreme simply supported ends will initially get a fixed end moment.
Iterative process can be formed.
(Or)
Fixed end moment
Rotation factor
Resultant restraint moment
Iteration cycle
Final moment