CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Study Objectives

The main objective of this research study is to increase awareness of the importance of proper
sanitation to our environment to one’s daily lifestyle, health and dignity.

Significance of the study

This topic “A Study on Environmental Sanitation of Binangongan Rizal” provides a better

understanding why sanitation plays a vital role in our society. It is important to sense that it
gives us the benefits to have a proper sanitation in our environment and how individuals being
affected with their daily living.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of all sicknesses and diseases are
due to the lack of safe water and proper sanitation. Children, especially the malnourished ones,
are very vulnerable to the effect of contaminated water and an insanitary environment.

Based on Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health (PHE), an estimated
12.6 million deaths each year are attribute to unhealthy environments – nearly one in four of
total global deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water, and soil pollution, chemical
exposures, and climate change contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. The
following are examples of diseases associated with poor sanitation:

DIARRHEA –about 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in
developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total
deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In
2012, it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76
million or 11%).
ASCARIASIS – about 0.8 to 1.2 billion people globally have ascariasis, with the most heavily
affected populations being sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia. This makes ascariasis
the most common form of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. As of 2010 it caused about 2700
deaths a year, down from 3,400 in 1990.

TRACHOMA – globally, about 80 million people have an active infection. In some areas,
infections may be present in as many as 60-90% of children. Among adults, it more commonly
affects women than men – likely due to their closer contact with children. The disease is the
cause of decreased vision in 2.2 million people, of whom 1.2 million are completely blind;

SCHISTOSOMIASIS – affected bout 252 million people worldwide in 2015. An estimated 4,400 to
200,000 people die from it each year. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries ,
lives in areas where the disease is common.

CHOLERA – affects an estimated 3-5 million people worldwide and causes 28,800-130,000
deaths a year. Children are mostly affected. Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in
certain areas. The risk of death among those affected is usually less than 5% but may be as high
as 50%: