APSC 131 Examination Formula Sheet

Constants
R = 8.3145 kPa.L/mol K STP = 273.15 K and 100.000 kPa
= 8.3145 N m/mol K
= 8.3145 J/mol K No = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1
= 8.3145 kg m2/s2 mol K
= 0.08206 atm L/mol K
h = 6.62 x 10-34 J.s
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
me = 9.109 x 10-31 kg
e = 1.602 x 10-19 C
RH (Rydberg) = 2.18 x 10-18 J

Gases
3
⎛ m ⎞ 2 2 − mu 2 2 k BT
f(u) = 4 π⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ u e where kB = R/No
⎝ 2 π k B T ⎠
f(u)∆u = ∆n/no

3RT 3k B T
urms = =
M m
8k B T
u = 8RT
πM
=
πm
2k B T
ump = 2RT =
M m

PA = XAPtot = (nA/ntot)Ptot

⎛ n2 ⎞
⎜⎜ P + a ⎟⎟ (V − nb )= nRT
⎝ V 2 ⎠

Thermodynamics
H = U + PV
∆U = q + w
w = - Pext∆V
∆U = nCv∆T
∆H = nCp∆T

Atomic and Molecular Theory

c = λν
E = hν
hν = KE + ф
rn = (n2ao)/Z
En = -Z2RH/n2
∆E = hν = Z2RH(1/ni2 - 1/nf2)
hν = mu2 (de Broglie)
∆x∆p≥h/4π , where p = mu (Heisenberg)
Solutions

PA = XAPoA
Ptotal= XAPoA + XBPoB= (PoB - PoA) XB + PoA
PB = (1 – XA)PoB
ln (Po2/ Po1) =(-∆Hovap/R)(1/T2 -1/T1)
ΔP= – XAPoB
ΔTb =kbmsolute
ΔTf =-kfmsolute
π=ρgh=MRT
kf for water = 1.86 K.kg/mol
∆Hovap for water = 44.0 kJ/mol

Alloys
a alloy = a A + (a B – a A)(A B/100)