Base 2nd 3rd

Base Base

U C A G

Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine U

Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine C

U
Leucine Serine Stop Stop A

Leucine Serine Stop Tryptophan G

Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine U

Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine C

C
Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine A

Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine G

Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine U

Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine C

A Isoleucine Threonine Lysine Arginine A

Methionine Threonine Lysine Arginine G

(Start)1

Valine Alanine Aspartate Glycine U

Valine Alanine Aspartate Glycine C

G
Valine Alanine Glutamate Glycine A

Valine Alanine Glutamate Glycine G

Table 2. Reverse codon table: amino acid -> mRNA codon

Amino acid mRNA codons Amino mRNA codons

acid
Ala/A GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG Leu/L UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
Arg/R CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG Lys/K AAA, AAG
Asn/N AAU, AAC Met/M AUG
Asp/D GAU, GAC Phe/F UUU, UUC
Cys/C UGU, UGC Pro/P CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
Gln/Q CAA, CAG Ser/S UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC
Glu/E GAA, GAG Thr/T ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG
Gly/G GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG Trp/W UGG
His/H CAU, CAC Tyr/Y UAU, UAC
Ile/I AUU, AUC, AUA Val/V GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
START AUG STOP UAG, UGA, UAA
Table 4. Reverse amino acid encoding: amino acid -> tRNA anticodon -> mRNA codon

Amino acid tRNA anticodon mRNA codon

Phenylalanine 3'-AAG-5' 5'-UUU-3', 5'-UUC-3'

3'-AAA-5' 5'-UUU-3'

Leucine 3'-AAU-5' 5'-UUA-3', 5'-UUG-3'

3'-AAC-5' 5'-UUG-3'

3'-GAI-5' 5'-CUU-3', 5'-CUC-3', 5'-CUA-3'

3'-GAG-5' 5'-CUU-3', 5'-CUC-3'

3'-GAU-5' 5'-CUA-3', 5'-CUG-3'

3'-GAA-5' 5'-CUU-3'

3'-GAC-5' 5'-CUG-3'

Serine 3'-AGI-5' 5'-UCU-3', 5'-UCC-3', 5'-UCA-3'

3'-AGG-5' 5'-UCU-3', 5'-UCC-3'

3'-AGU-5' 5'-UCA-3', 5'-UCG-3'

3'-AGA-5' 5'-UCU-3'

3'-AGC-5' 5'-UCG-3'

3'-UCG-5' 5'-AGU-3', 5'-AGC-3'

3'-UCA-5' 5'-AGU-3'

Tyrosine 3'-AUG-5' 5'-UAU-3', 5'-UAC-3'

3'-AUA-5' 5'-UAU-3'

Cysteine 3'-ACG-5' 5'-UGU-3', 5'-UGC-3'

3'-ACA-5' 5'-UGU-3'

Tryptophan 3'-ACC-5' 5'-UGG-3'

Proline 3'-GGI-5' 5'-CCU-3', 5'-CCC-3', 5'-CCA-3'

3'-GGG-5' 5'-CCU-3', 5'-CCC-3'

3'-GGU-5' 5'-CCA-3', 5'-CCG-3'

3'-GGA-5' 5'-CCU-3'

3'-GGC-5' 5'-CCG-3'

Histidine 3'-GUG-5' 5'-CAU-3', 5'-CAC-3'

3'-GUA-5' 5'-CAU-3'

Glutamine 3'-GUU-5' 5'-CAA-3', 5'-CAG-3'

3'-GUC-5' 5'-CAG-3'
Arginine 3'-GCI-5' 5'-CGU-3', 5'-CGC-3', 5'-CGA-3'

3'-GCG-5' 5'-CGU-3', 5'-CGC-3'

3'-GCU-5' 5'-CGA-3', 5'-CGG-3'

3'-GCA-5' 5'-CGU-3'

3'-GCC-5' 5'-CGG-3'

3'-UCU-5' 5'-AGA-3', 5'-AGG-3'

3'-UCC-5' 5'-AGG-3'

Isoleucine 3'-UAI-5' 5'-AUU-3', 5'-AUC-3', 5'-AUA-3'

3'-UAG-5' 5'-AUU-3', 5'-AUC-3'

3'-UAA-5' 5'-AUU-3'

3'-UAU-5' 5'-AUA-3'

Methionine 3'-UAC-5' 5'-AUG-3'

Threonine 3'-UGI-5' 5'-ACU-3', 5'-ACC-3', 5'-ACA-3'

3'-UGG-5' 5'-ACU-3', 5'-ACC-3'

3'-UGU-5' 5'-ACA-3', 5'-ACG-3'

3'-UGA-5' 5'-ACU-3'

3'-UGC-5' 5'-ACG-3'

Asparagine 3'-UUG-5' 5'-AAU-3', 5'-AAC-3'

3'-UUA-5' 5'-AAU-3'

Lysine 3'-UUU-5' 5'-AAA-3', 5'-AAG-3'

3'-UUC-5' 5'-AAG-3'

Valine 3'-CAI-5' 5'-GUU-3', 5'-GUC-3', 5'-GUA-3'

3'-CAG-5' 5'-GUU-3', 5'-GUC-3'

3'-CAU-5' 5'-GUA-3', 5'-GUG-3'

3'-CAA-5' 5'-GUU-3'

3'-CAC-5' 5'-GUG-3'

Alanine 3'-CGI-5' 5'-GCU-3', 5'-GCC-3', 5'-GCA-3'

3'-CGG-5' 5'-GCU-3', 5'-GCC-3'

3'-CGU-5' 5'-GCA-3', 5'-GCG-3'

3'-CGA-5' 5'-GCU-3'

3'-CGC-5' 5'-GCG-3'

Aspartate 3'-CUG-5' 5'-GAU-3', 5'-GAC-3'

3'-CUA-5' 5'-GAU-3'
 Glutamate 3'-CUU-5' 5'-GAA-3', 5'-GAG-3'

3'-CUC-5' 5'-GAG-3'

Glycine 3'-CCI-5' 5'-GGU-3', 5'-GGC-3', 5'-GGA-3'

3'-CCG-5' 5'-GGU-3', 5'-GGC-3'

3'-CCU-5' 5'-GGA-3', 5'-GGG-3'

3'-CCA-5' 5'-GGU-3'

3'-CCC-5' 5'-GGG-3'

Table 5. Genetic code: DNA -> mRNA codon -> tRNA anticodon -> amino acid

Diff. tRNA anticodons

Obs. DNA mRNA tRNA Amino acid Different AA
to encode all AA
1 TTT UUU AAA, AAG Phe Phenylalanine AAG
2 TTC UUC AAG Phe
3 TTA UUA AAU Leu Leucine AAU
4 TTG UUG AAU, AAC Leu
5 TCT UCU AGI, AGG, AGA Ser Serine AGI
6 TCC UCC AGI, AGG Ser
7 TCA UCA AGI, AGU Ser
8 TCG UCG AGC, AGU Ser AGC (or AGU)
9 TAT UAU AUA, AUG Tyr Tyrosine AUG
10 TAC UAC AUG Tyr
11 TAA UAA AUU STOP AUU
12 TAG UAG AUC, AUU STOP
13 TGT UGU ACA, ACG Cys Cysteine ACG
14 TGC UGC ACG Cys
15 TGA UGA ACU STOP ACU
16 TGG UGG ACC Trp Tryptophan ACC
17 CTT CUU GAI, GAG, GAA Leu GAI
18 CTC CUC GAI, GAG Leu
19 CTA CUA GAI, GAU Leu
20 CTG CUG GAC, GAU Leu GAC (or GAU)
21 CCT CCU GGI, GGG, GGA Pro Proline GGI
22 CCC CCC GGI, GGG Pro
23 CCA CCA GGI, GGU Pro
24 CCG CCG GGC, GGU Pro GGC (or GGU)
25 CAT CAU GUA, GUG His Histidine GUG
26 CAC CAC GUG His
 27 CAA CAA GUU Gln Glutamine GUU
28 CAG CAG GUC, GUU Gln
29 CGT CGU GCI, GCG, GCA Arg Arginine GCI
30 CGC CGC GCI, GCG Arg
31 CGA CGA GCI, GCU Arg
32 CGG CGG GCC, GCU Arg GCC (or GCU)
33 ATT AUU UAI, UAG, UAA Ile Isoleucine UAI
34 ATC AUC UAI, UAG Ile
35 ATA AUA UAI, UAU Ile
36 ATG AUG UAC Met Methionine UAC
37 ACT ACU UGI, UGG, UGA Thr Threonine UGI
38 ACC ACC UGI, UGG Thr
39 ACA ACA UGI, UGU Thr
40 ACG ACG UGC, UGU Thr UGC (or UGU)
41 AAT AAU UUA, UUG Asn Asparagine UUG
42 AAC AAC UUG Asn
43 AAA AAA UUU Lys Lysine UUU
44 AAG AAG UUC, UUU Lys
45 AGT AGU UCA, UCG Ser UCG
46 AGC AGC UCG Ser
47 AGA AGA UCU Arg UCU
48 AGG AGG UCC, UCU Arg
49 GTT GUU CAI, CAG, CAA Val Valine CAI
50 GTC GUC CAI, CAG Val
51 GTA GUA CAI, CAU Val
52 GTG GUG CAC, CAU Val CAC (or CAU)
53 GCT GCU CGI, CGG, CGA Ala Alanine CGI
54 GCC GCC CGI, CGG Ala
55 GCA GCA CGI, CGU Ala
56 GCG GCG CGC, CGU Ala CGC (or CGU)
57 GAT GAU CUG, CUA Asp Aspartate CUG
58 GAC GAC CUG Asp
59 GAA GAA CUU Glu Glutamate CUU
60 GAG GAG CUU, CUC Glu
61 GGT GGU CCI, CCG, CCA Gly Glycine CCI
62 GGC GGC CCI, CCG Gly
63 GGA GGA CCI, CCU Gly
64 GGG GGG CCC, CCU Gly CCC (or CCU)
No. 64 64 20 33