Author Religion and Spirituality
Gotsis Religion can be divisive
Motivation of an individual to
find meaning and
interconnection of self
Resists materialism and
commodification
Spirituality is less likely to give
rise to conflicts than religious
expressions
Human centered and not
oterhworldy
hart Spirituality as the psychological
awareness about ones own
nature
Finding meaning in one’s work
Hyman Hard to determine the
attributes
Communication impairment
Hard to draw general
conclusions
Spirituality is a broader concept
than religion
Some say that religion and
spirituality overlap conceptually
Religion is defined as external
and objective and is an
implementation or commitment
to a certain way of life
Reflection Spirituality in Workplace
Related to psychological
well-being
Improve work wellness
and wellness in general
Positive evaluation
Encourage creativeness,
belongingness and
personal fulfillment
Emphasis on value
systems and community
building without any form
of religious denominations
Feelings of wholeness and
connectedness
Engaging in open
communication
Advocates pluralism and
equality
Spiritual values related to
employee motivations
Increased physical and
metnal health
Decline of spirituality The job of the spiritual
in modern life leader is to control the
Living in a spiritual obsessive nature of the
wasteland employees towards being
Spiritual poverty a collective player
Loss of spirituality from
the rupture link between
our minds and the
organizational conditions
Promote moderation and
temperance
Promote spiritual growth
 Spirituality is internal subjective
and involves a direct personal
relationship with God or the
divine
Both are concerned with the
search for the sacred
The word religion incurred a
negative connotation in modern
society
It is possible to be spiritual
without being religion and vv
King Spirituality is being in touch with Religion is no longer as
our inner self and learning to important as it was before
harness the powers of Business leaders do not
spirituliaty in the improvement trust religious leaders any
of our lives more
Religion as less appreciated Religion can be divisive
because of the institutionalized Practice of religion is
branding considered taboo in
certain workplaces
Religion does not fit in the
workplace because
religious beliefs do not
coincide with business
practices
Sawatzky Relation beyond the physical, Spirituality in the provision
psychological and social of health care services
dimensions of life Spirituality has an
Existential search for meaning association to a
and purpose perception of life
Defined by subjective
experiences rather than external
entities
Religion is not associated with
anything non-sacred and
personal
Schlehofer Polarized dimension between
spirituality and religion
Religion associated with
negative qualities such as
dogmatic and fundamentalist
Spirituliaty is associated with
positive ones including self
awareness
Spirituality also believes in new
age concepts such as astrology
and the supernatural
Religion also includes belief in
 organizational and institutional
order
Westerink Development of psychology of
spirituality in the secular age
Describes the situation of
religion after religion
Involves the traditional forms of
religion but is harder to define
Spirituality is the personal
search for the sacred
Wordlier and more individually
oriented
Zinnbauer Religion is subscription to
institutionalized system of
beliefs
Spirituality is the subjective
experience of the sacred