Introduction:

Expansion planning in electric power industry is a multi-stage process, where the decisions made

at the previous stages are specified at each subsequent stage. The complexity of this process is explained

by the need to consider many important factors and the uncertainty about the future development of the

energy sector. Under the conditions of liberalized relationships in electric power industry, the process of

analyzing and making decisions on its development involves many participants (stakeholders) that have

different interests. These are electric power companies, consumers, investors, public organizations, federal

and regional authorities. Today, the coordination of interests of stakeholders and the formation of

mechanisms for ensuring the development process become the main objectives of expansion planning of

electric power systems and companies.

In the past, many years of experience in planning the development of electric power industry under

the planned economy in the USSR made it possible to form a comprehensive methodology for planning the

expansion and placement of generating capacities, and the development of transmission electric network.

This methodology was based on a system approach to the considered complex problem and included the

hierarchy of interrelated problems in terms of territory, time, and function. An analogous methodology in the

USA was called the integrated resource planning.

Objectives:

Specific Objective

• To explain the use of Transmission Expansion Planning in transmission lines.

General Objectives

• To explain the traditional transmission expansion planning in transmission lines.

• To compare traditional to automated transmission expansion planning in transmission lines.

Discussion:

Modern Models and Methods

Currently the mathematical models and methods for expansion planning of electric power industry, electric

power systems and companies develop in the following conventional directions:

• Transformation of methodological principles;

• Generation expansion planning;

• Electric network expansion planning;

• Joint generation and transmission expansion planning

Transmission expansion planning

Basic Approaches of Transmission Expansion Planning

Cost-based approach – consideration of the costs of electric network expansion, current electricity

generation and transmission costs, consumer losses due to the electric network limitations and insufficient

power supply reliability; in a number of cases, power supply reliability indices act as independent criteria,

market conditions are taken into account here only in a simplified way, for instance, as a thesis that the
network should not limit free trade in electricity, and one of the criterion components considers minimum

difference between the case of real network limitations and the above mentioned ideal case;

Market approach – consideration of the market price signals for the expansion of the transmission

electric network, which are based on locational marginal nodal or zonal prices and congestion prices.

Stratum Electricity Market (SEM) structure – similar to the above-mentioned SEM structure for

generation expansion; the long-term market, similar to generation expansion, makes it possible to arrange

auctions and attract investment in the construction of transmission lines, and thus the expansion of the

transmission electric network.

 The purpose of transmission system planning is to determine the timing and type of new

transmission facilities required in order to provide adequate transmission network capability to cope

with the future generating capacity additions and load-flow requirements.

Transmission Planning may include not only existing but also new service areas. The

starting point of the planning procedure is to develop load forecast in terms of annual peak demand

for the entire system. As well as for each region and each major present and future substation, and

then finding specific alternatives that satisfy the new load conditions.

Primary Objectives:

• To Transmit Electrical Energy

• To provide paths for electrical energy to flow between utilities.

When power systems are electrically connected by transmission lines, they must operate at the same

frequency, that is, the same number of cycles per second, and the pulse of the AC must be coordinated.

The various generators are said to be stable.

Transmission Expansion Planning

Transmission expansion planning (TEP) determines the investment plans of new facilities (lines

and other network equipment) for supplying the forecasted demand at minimum cost. Tactical planning is

concerned with time horizons of 10-20 years. Its objective is to evaluate the future network needs. The

main results are the guidelines for future structure of the transmission network.
 Figure 3: Transmission Expansion Study

Automatic vs Manual Transmission system

• Automatic Transmission

• Constant Power Flow

• Smooth supply of power

• Low Repairablity or low maintenance

• High Cost
 • Manual Transmission

• Simple Mechanism

• Easy to Repair

• More Durable

• Low cost

Conclusion:

It has been seen that in transmission expansion of line transmissions have several ways to

conduct. There’s a complex and long-term studies when expanding transmission lines, it is included here

the study of load forecasting, generation planning, and present network which will be verified using short

circuit analysis and stability study to see if the expansion system is effective, reliable and efficient. And

there will be different approaches for it to have a return of investment which in the long-term the effect of

the expansion system will be shown and have a effect in the transmission lines.

Also, in expansion of transmission system they have its own pros and cons between automatic and

manual expansion system which will depend on the study of the system and the application of the

expansion system of transmission line.