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el apostol Juan excepto los �logi citados por Epiphanio (grupo del 170 aprox que
rechazaron todas las escrituras de Juan diciendo que fueron escritas por Cerinto,
un hereje de finales del siglo 1 cuya doctrina era muy discordante con la del
cuarto evangelio. Tanto que incluso Ireneo dice que Juan escribi� su evangelio para
refutar sus herej�as). Todos los testimonios antiguos refieren su autenticidad y su
autor�a por el apostol Juan:
The fourth [book] of the Gospels is that of John [one] of the disciples.
When his fellow-disciples and bishops urged (cohortantibus) [him], he said:
'Fast together with me today for three days and, what shall be revealed to
each, let us tell [it] to each other'. On the same night it was revealed to
Andrew, [one] of the Apostles, that, with all of them reviewing [it], John
should describe all things in his own name. And so, although different
beginnings (varia ... principia) might be taught in the separate books of the
Gospels, nevertheless it makes no difference to the faith of believers, since
all things in all [of them] are declared by the one sovereign Spirit�con-
cerning his nativity, concerning [His] passion, concerning [His] resurrec-
tion, concerning [His] walk with His disciples, and concerning His double
advent: the first in humility when He was despised, which has been; the
second in royal power, glorious, which is to be. What marvel, then, if John
so constantly brings forward particular [matters] (singuld) also in his
Epistles, saying of himself: 'What we have seen with our eyes and have
heard with [our] ears and our hands have handled, these things we have
written to you.' For thus he declares that he was not only an eyewitness and
hearer, but also a writer of all the wonderful things (mirabilium) of the Lord
in order (per ordinem)? (Muratorian Fragment - about 170 DC)
Afterwards, John, the disciple of the Lord, who also had leaned upon his
breast, did himself publish a Gospel during his residence at Ephesus in
Asia. (Irenaeus, AH 3.1.1 130-202 DC)
John, the disciple of the Lord, preaches this faith, and seeks, by the
proclamation of the Gospel, to remove that error which by Cerinthus had
been disseminated among men, and a long time previously by those termed
Nicolaitans... The disciple of the Lord therefore desiring to put an end to
all such doctrines, and to establish the rule of truth in the Church ... thus
commenced his teaching in the Gospel... (Irenaeus, AH 3.11.1 130-202 DC)
"The Gospels containing the genealogies [i.e. Matthew and Luke] were written first.
The Gospel according to MARK had this occasion. As Peter had preached the Word
publicly at Rome, and declared the Gospel by the Spirit, many who were present
requested that Mark, who had followed him for a long time and remembered his
sayings, should write them out. And having composed the Gospel he gave it to those
who had requested it. When Peter learned of this, he neither directly forbade nor
encouraged it. But, last of all, JOHN, perceiving that the external facts had been
made plain in the Gospel, being urged by his friends, and inspired by the Spirit,
composed a spiritual Gospel." (Clement of Alexandria 150-215).
For when Valentinus [sic!], Cerinthus and Ebion and the others of the
school of Satan were spread over the world, all the bishops came together
to him (convenerunt ad ilium) from the most distant provinces and
compelled him to write a testimony. (Victorinus, in Apoc. i I.I 250-304)
Early statements that affirms that John the apostol was the author of the fourth
gospel and that papias(70-150DC) testified it.
John the apostle, whom the Lord Jesus loved very much, last of all wrote this
gospel, the bishops of Asia having entreated him, against Cerinthus and other
heretics, and especially standing against the dogma of the Ebionites there who
asserted by the depravity of their stupidity, for thus they have the appellation
Ebionites, that Christ, before he was born from Mary, neither existed nor was born
before the ages from God the father. Whence also he was compelled to tell of his
divine nativity from the father. But they also bear another cause for his writing
the gospel, because, when he had collected the volumes from the gospel of Matthew,
of Mark, and of Luke, he indeed approved the text of the history and affirmed that
they had said true things, but that they had woven the history of only one year, in
which he also suffered after the imprisonment of John. The year, then, having been
omitted in which the acts of the tribes were expounded, he narrated the events of
the time prior, before John was shut up in prison, just as it can be made manifest
to those who diligently read the four volumes of the gospels. This gospel, then,
after the apocalypse was written was made manifest and given to the churches in
Asia by John, as yet constituted in the body, as the Hieropolitan, Papias by name,
disciple of John and dear [to him], transmitted in his Exoteric, that is, the
outside five books. He wrote down this gospel while John dictated. Truly Marcion
the heretic, when he had been disapproved by him because he supposed contrary
things, was thrown out by John. He in truth carried writings or epistles sent to
him from the brothers who were in Pontus, faithful in Christ Jesus our Lord.
(Johannine anti-marcionite prologue �Late century II? )
And indeed afterward this same Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles. And later John
the apostle from the twelve first wrote down the apocalypse on the isle of Pathmos,
then the gospel in Asia (end of Luke anti-marcionite prologue �Late century II?)
Adem�s de todo esto el papiro mas antiguo que se ha encontrado del nuevo testamento
corresponde a un fragmento del evangelio de Juan (Papiro52) y data de alrededor del
a�o 125 DC.
Adem�s otros papiros antiguos (papiro66 y Papiro 75 (en este �ltimo el evangelio de
Juan empieza en la misma p�gina en que termina el de Lucas) fechados
aproximadamente en el a�o 200 incluyen el t�tulo EYAFFEAION KATA IQANHN.