FNTNRDNCNNN FN TNHNFCS

NNGLSNFF FNLLY

Fn nltfnff snf sslfcstffln tnhnfcn s fntnlfgnntnf sntfffcfsln sn frst frlrsftn snntnn s

crnvnntf nxsnnfnnts nnsns fn scrsnl dn s ff fntnlnsss dn cstnn crnsntnn. Crntnrlnl svsnsst
bslst sn tnhnfcfln fntnlfgnntnf sntfffcfsln nstn nnnft crntnrl fntnlfgnnt. Sfstnnnln
fntnlfgnntn snnt dn rbfcnf dnscnfsn snfn snslrgff cn sfstnnnln bfrlrgfcn, dn nxnnsln, ss
snfvfn cnn rsnnnff nxncnts dfvnnsn ssncfnf, cnn nncnnrsc nrstnn ssn fsn dncflff. Nxfsts
nncrncrndsntn fntnn rsnnnf sf nssfnf: rsnnnff nstfrnnsls cn fncnntftndfnn, fnsnncfs, fn nrd
“fnlly”, fn tfns cn nssfnfln crndnsn dn cstnn crnsntnnn sn bslnsls sn nn nstfrnsnnnt bfnsn.
Lrgfcs fnlly nstn r nrdslftstn dn s fscn nssfnfln nsf fntnlfgnntn snnnftsndn-ln ss nstfrnnln
fntn-r nsnfnns sfnflsns cn cns s rsnnnflrn. Lrgfcs fnlly, snrsnss dn Lrfty Lsdnh fn snnl
1965, s sssnnt cs nn fnstnnnnnt csnn tnstnsls snrblnnnln lngstn dn lnsnns dncflfflrn
fncnntn, fnsnncfsn ssn cslftstfvn. Crntnrlnnnln csnn crnbfns tnhnfcfln fntnlfgnntn cn cnln
crnvnntfrnsln snnt dn rbfcnf ntflflstn ls crntnrlnl fntnlfgnnt sl sfstnnnlrn dfnsnfcn
crnslnxn. Snfn nnnsnn, crntnrlnnnln fnlly fntngnstn sntrnstflnsls cnns cn fn nrd tnsdftfrnsl
nns crntnrlst dn rn.

1.FNTNRDNCNNN

Sbrndsnns crntnrlnlnf tnsdftfrnsl nncnsfts nrdnlsnns nnslftstff fflfcn. Tnnf nntrdn srt
ff frlrsftn fn dnscnfnnns nnnf sfstnn:
1.nntrds nxsnnfnnntsls: snfn nxsnnfnnntsnns sf dntnnnfnsnns nnsctfflrn snrcnsnlnf ls
dffnnftn fntnsnf sn srstn nnslfls nn tsbnl dn fntnsnf sf fnsfnf. Gnsffc, nntrds nstn
nchfvslnnts cn tnsssnns nnrn snnctn dfscnntn sln cnnbnf dn fntnsnn-fnsfnn, frlrsfnd sxnln
rnflrntsln snntnn fntnsnn sf cnln vnntfcsln snntnn fnsfnn. Snfn fntnlngnnns nnnf ssnnnnns
nnsctff dn fntnsnn-fnsfnn, sn srstn snrfncts nn crntnrlnn. Nxfsts cstnvs dnlsvsntsnn:
nchfssnnntnl snntnn scnst snrcns srstn ss nn ffn dfssrnfbfl snntnn nxsnnfnnntsnn,
snrcndnns sn ff, dn rbfcnf, frsntn crstfsftrsnn sf snntnn nn nnnsn nsnn sl nsnfnflrn dn
fntnsnn nn nstn snsctfcs nssnnsnns fnsfnflrn sf fntnnsrlsnns scnstrns. Dn ssnnnnns,
tnnbnfn svnt gnfns ss sn dntnnnfnn nsnns snnnfss s nsnfnflrn dn fntnsnn sf fnsfnn, snntnn
s nn ssfgnns cs vslrnfln scnstrns nn fns dfn snfs dn nssnnsnn s fnstnnnnntnlrn dfssrnfbfln.

1.2 . Nntrds nstnnstfcs: fn fngfnnnfn sn lncnnsls dnss nn nrdnl nstnnstfc fdnsl sl

snrcnsnlnf crntnrlst, dn rbfcnf, cn frnnnln dn dffnnftn ncnstff dffnnnntfsln. Tnsnsfrnnsnts
Lsslscn sf tnsnsfrnnsnts l snnt dn rbfcnf frlrsftn. Snntnn s fscn nntrdnln nstnnstfcn dnstnl
dn sfnsln, snnt fscntn snnnftn snnsnsnnnnf, nns dfntnn nln fffnd scnns cs snrcnsnl nstn
lfnfsn, sstfnl fncst, fnsfnns nstn snrsrntfrnsls cn fntnsnns. Tnhnfcfln lfnfsnn snnt vslrnrssn
snntnn cs nln sn cs nnlnltst r bnns fntnftfn. Sn lsngs scnssts, nn nxfsts r tnrnfn gnnnnsls
dn srlntff snslftfcn snntnn nn sfstnn dfnsnfc nnlfnfsn. R slts snnsnsnnnnn nstn scnnns cs
ssnsnntnff snrcnsnlnf nn sn schfnbs fn tfns (sfstnnnl nstn fnvsnfsbfl fn tfns) fn cfnds
dntnnfrnsnff crnsrnnntnlrn sfstnnnlnf sf s schfnbsnflrn dn nndfn fncrnnnnstrn.
Nnnstrsnnln snrblnnn sssn fn dnlvrltsnns nnnf dnscnfnnf nnslfstfcn sf slfnn dn fntnlns s
nnnf snrcns fndnstnfsl: (1) r fntnlngnnn nndfrcns s fnnrnnnnlnf, (2) vslrnf fnnxsctn sln
dffnnftflrn ssnsnntnf, (3) crnslnxftstns nntrdnf.

1
 1.3. Nntrds nnnfstfcs: scnssts nntrds crnsts fn nrdnlsnns sf fntnlngnnns fn
crncrndsnts cn nxsnnfnnts sntnnfrsns, nngnls dngntnlnf nsnn dns frlrsftnln stnstngff. R
nngnls nnnfstfcs nstn r fnslfcstfn lrgfcs dn frnns: DSCS <crndftfn> STNNCF
<crnsncfnts>, ssn fn sftnstfs tfsfcs dn crntnrl: DSCS<crndftfn> STNNCF<sctfnnn>.
Nngnlffln ssrcfsys crnclnlffln cn crndftffln. Snfn nnnsnn, nntrds nnnfstfcs nstn fn
nnslftstn sfnflsns cn nntrds nxsnnfnnntsls s crnstnnfnff nnnf tsbnl dn fntnsnf sf fnsfnfln
crnnssnnlstrsnn nndn fn lrc ss svnn vslrnf nnnnnfcn ffxn dn fntnsnn sf vsnfsbfln dn
fnsfnn, sn frlrsnsc vslrnf fnlly: DSCS tnnsfnnns dn fntnsnn =Nsnn STNNCF tnnsfnnn dn
fnsfnn = Nndfn. Svsntsnnln nntrdnf nnnfstfcn snnt: (1) nn nstn nncnssns snnsnsnnnnns
lfnfsnftstff sf (2) ngnlfln nnnfstfcn srt ff fntngnstn fn stnstngffln dn crntnrl sln
rsnnstrnflrn nnsnf.
Stnstngffln dn crntnrl fnlly snrvfn nsf dngnsbs dfn nxsnnfnntn sf nxsnnfnnntn dncst dfn
nntrdn nstnnstfcn sf, snfn nnnsnn, nnlflsnfln lfngvfstfcn snnt nnlt nsf nssfd fnslnnnntstn.
Sntstngffln dn crntnrl fnlly fnslfcs nn nnnsn nsnn dn fntnsnf, nsnn ssntn dfntnn nln fffnd
nnlnvsntn drsn fn snnnftn crndftff. Sstfnl dn fntnsnf snnt sctfvstn nnnsf csnd crndftff
ssnnsnstrsnn snndrnfns. Fn scnst fnl, sntfnn dnsssfnf nnnnnfcn sdftfrnsln snnt nncnssnn
snntnn sdsngsnns dn nngnlf snslfnnntsnn. Cs nnlnltst, nngnlfln stnnctnnff dn bsls nsnsn
fntnlfgfbfln, dncsnd ls r drcnnnntsnn sf crdsnn nffcfnntn s sfstnnnlnf.

2. NSTFRNSNNNTN LRGFCN

R crnnxfnnn fntn csnls sf nffnct ssn r crndftfn sf r crnsncfnts nstn fscnts dn nstfrnsnnnt.
Nstfrnsnnntnl srstn ff nxsnfnst snfntn-nn nstfrnsnnnt lrgfc rnf snfn nvslnsnns fnsfnflrn cn
scrsnl dn s tnsgn r crnclnlfn. Dn rbfcnf frlrsfn nngnlfln nstfrnsnnntnlnf csnn sn frnns:
DSCS csnls1 =S sf csnls 2 = B STNNCF nfnctnl = C, nndn S, B sf C snnt vsnfsbfln
lfngvfstfcn. Dn nxnnsln, DSCS “tnnsnnstnns csnnnnf” nstn Nndfn STNNCF “crnnts
vftnls vnntflstrnnlnf sn Nssfd”, Nndfn nstn r fnnctfn csnn dnffnnstn gnsdnln tnnsnnstnnff
dfn csnnns, fn tfns cn Nssfd nstn r fnnctfn csnn dnffnnstn gnsdnln vftnlnf vnntflstrnnlnf.
Fntnlfgnnts crnsts fn ssrcfnnns scnstrn drf tnnnnnf snfn fntnlngnnns nnnf nstfrnsnnnt
nxsnfnst fn tnnnnnff nnnfstfcf DSCS... STNNCF. Fn scrsnl dn s crnvnntf nn tnnnnn
lfngvfstfc fntn-nnnl nnnnnfc tnnbnfn frlrsft nn snt dn tnrnff fnndsnnntsln. Ls sffnnstfs
DSCS “tnnsnnstnns csnnnnf” nstn Nndfn, tnnbnfn ss nn snnnn nnnstrsnns fntnnbsnn
“nstn tnnsnnstnns csnnnnf Nndfn ”? R lrgfcs tnsdftfrnsls, nnnfts sf lrgfcs brrlnsns, sn ff
nsssnns: DS sf NN. Snfn nnnsnn, fdnns nnnf ssntnnnnfst s nnnf nlnnnnt x fntn-nn snt S
nstn r fnnctfn μS(x) s csnnf vslrsnn fndfcs dscs nlnnnntnl sssntfnn sntnlnf S. Lrgfcs
brrlnsns sn snsts, dn nxnnsln, μS(x) = 1, stnncf nlnnnntnl sssntfnn sntnlnf S, ssn μS(x) =
0, stnncf nlnnnntnl nn sssntfnn sntnlnf S.

3. NNGLSNN FNLLY

Nn nnglsn fnlly nstn nnsnnlnntst dn r ssrcfnnn dn fnnctff dnffnftn dn nnfvnnsnl dn

dfscntfn. Nnfvnnsnl dn dfscntfn nstn ssstfnl nndn vsnfsbflnln fnlly snnt dnffnftn.
Ssrcfnnns dn fnnctff ds gnsdnl ssn nsnfnns ssrcfnnff dfn fntnnfrnnl sntnlnf.ssrcfnnns dn
fnnctff rngsnflnsls snb frnns dn hsnts nlnnnntn sln nnfvnnsnlnf ssnn vslrnf nnnnnfcn fn
fntnnvslnl [0, 1]. R fnnctfn ssrcfsts cn vslrsnns lnnr fnslfcs fsstnl cs nlnnnntnl
crnnssnnlstrn, fn nrd sfgnn, nn nstn nn nlnnnnt dfn sntnl fnlly, fn tfns cn vslrsnns nnftstff

2
fnsnsnns cs nlnnnntnl sssntfnn fn trtslftstn sntnlnf. Nn gnsd dn ssrcfnnn fn fntnnvsl
crnnssnndn cn ssrcfnnns fnlly fn snt. Fn tnrnfs ffxs s sntnlnf, dscs cfnnvs nstn nsf fnslt dn
1,8 nntnf, sntnn sffnns cs scns snnsrsns sssntfnn “gnnsnlnf dn rsnnnf fnsltf”. Cn trstn
scnstns, scnssts ffns schfnbsnn dn ls 1,7999 nntnf snntnn r “snnsrsns scnnds” ssns ls
1,8001 nntnf sf nnnf “snnsrsnn fnsltn” nstn fnsrtnfvs bnnnlnf sfnt. Nn slt nxnnsln srstn ff
nnnstrnnl: ss snnsnsnnnn cs sn r sntrstnsds lfnfts dn vftnls nstn dn 65 nfln/rns. Scnfs csnn
crndnc cn r vftnls nsf nsnn dncst 65 nfln/rns sssntfn gnnsnlnf S s csnnf nlnnnntn snnt
fnfnsctrnffs csnrn fnnctfn ssrcfsts snn vslrsnns 1. Sn dn slts ssntn, scnfs csnn crndnc nsf
fncnt nn sssntfn gnnsnlnf S. Tnncnnns ffns fntnn s ff ssn s nn ff nnnbnn sn sntns ff
nnslfsts? Sn tnnbnf ss ffn tnfnfss r snnnds dn cfncnlstfn srfnnflrncsnn snnt snfnsf cn
vftnls dn 65,5 nfln/rns? Ssn cn vftnls dn 65,9 nfln/rns? Snfn nnnsnn fn sftnstffln snsctfcn
nxfsts fntrtdnsnns r crnfnlfn nstnnsls csnd cfnnvs snslflnsls sffnnstff, sn csnd r cnnbs
nngnlsts ssrcfsts dnscnfn, dn rbfcnf, nsf bfnn gnsdnl dn sssntnnnnts s nnnf nlnnnnt ls nn
gnns.

3.1. Fnllfffcsnns

Fnllfffcsnns nstn nn snrcnss dn dnscrnsnnnnn s s sfstnnnlnf dn fntnsnn sf/ssn

fnsfnn fn nnnl ssn nsf nnltn gnnsnnf fnlly. Nnltn tfsnnf dn cnnbn srt ff frlrsftn, dsn
fnnctffln ssrcfstn dn frnns tnfnnghfnlsns ssn tnssnlrfdsln snnt cnln nsf crnnnn snntnn cs
nln snnt nsrn dn nnsnnlnntst fn crntnrlnnnln fntngnstn. Ffgnns 1. snsts nn sfstnn dn
snnnsln fnlly snntnn r fntnsnn cn fnnctff ssrcfstn tnssnlrfdsln sf tnfnnghfnlsnn. Ffncsnn
snnnsl fnlly scrsnns r nngfnnn s vslrnff dn fntnsnn (ssn fnsfnn) nnsnnlnntsts gnsffc
snfntn-r ssrcfnnn. Ffncsnn fntnsnn dfn scnst gnns fnlly nstn nnsnnlnntsts sf nn gnsd dn
ssrcfnnn nstn fntnnsnntst. Fnnctffln ssrcfstn sn tnnbnf ss sn snsnssnns ssntfsl snntnn s
snnnftn nnsnnlnntsnns gnsffcs nngnlsts s sfstnnnlnf. Snrcnsnl dn fnllfffcsnn snnnftn
fntnsnflrn sf fnsfnflrn sfstnnnlnf ss ffn nxsnfnstn fn tnnnnf lfngvfstfcf sstfnl fncst
nngnlfln srt ff sslfcstn fntn-r nsnfnns sfnsls snntnn s nxsnfns nn sfstnn crnslnx.
Ss snnsnsnnnn r fnslnnnntsnn snntnn nn sfstnn dn snn crndftfrnst cn nn snnlrn dn
tnnsnnstnns. Tnnsnnstnns srstn ff rbtfnnts dn nn nfcnrsnrcnsrn csnn snn nn slgrnftn fnlly
csnn snrcnsnsls r fnsfnn cn nn crntnrl crntfnnn s vftnlnf nnnf nrtrn cn nnntfnn csnnns
fntn-r „tnnsnnstnns bnns”, srstn, dn ssnnnnns, dfnnctfrns r nvscnsnn rnfnntsts fn sns, ssn
fn nrs, dnss csl. Ffgnns flnstnnsls snrcnsnl dn fnllfffcsnn s tnnsnnstnnff snnnlnf. Snnt
cfncf nnglsnn fnlly snntnn tnnsnnstnns: NNCN, NSCRSNN, BFNN, CSLD sf
FFNNBFNTN.

3
 Ffg.1
Fnnctffln ssrcfstn snntnn nnglsnnln fnlly NSCRSNN sf CSLD snnt tnssnlrfdsln,
fnnctfs ssrcfsts snntnn BFNN nstn tnfnnghfnlsns sf fnnctffln ssrcfstn snntnn NNCN sf
FFNNBFNTN snnt sn nnnststn tnfnghfnlsnn fndfcsnd ls bsln lfnftnln fflfcn snntnn nn
ssnnnnns snrcns (s sts fntn-r csnnns cn r tnnsnnstnns snb 8 gnsdn Cnlsfns ssn snstn 32
gnsdn Cnlsfns sn ff cst sn srstn dn fncrnfrntsbfl). Nrdnl dn s snrfncts sstfnl dn nnglsnn
fnlly nstn r snrblnns dn snngstfnn sf dnsfndn nxclnsfv dn nxsnnfnnts sf fntnftfs
snrfnctsntnlnf. Nsf nnlt cs sfgnn nn nschfnrs sf nn lrcnftrn dfn lrns ncnstrnfsls sn tnsss
fnnctff ssrcfstn frsntn dffnnftn snntnn scnlnssf nnglsnn fnlly. Ffgnns snsts cstnvs nnglsnn
fnlly nnsnsnssnsn ssntfsl, csnn srt fndfcs rnfcn nnlfnfsnftstn fn snrcnsnl dn nrdnlsnn.
Scrlr r tnnsnnstnns dn fntnsnn dn 18 gnsdn Cnlsfns sn ff crnsfdnnsts NSCRSNN cn r
cnnstnnn dn 0,75 gnsdn sf sf ff crnsfdnnsts bnns cn r cnnstnnn dn 0,25 gnsdn. Snntnn s
crnstnnf nngnlfln csnn vrn crntnrls nrtrnnl fnstslstfnf dn snn crndftfrnst, sn sntns nnnsnf
cnn nn nxsnnt sn nngls vftnls nrtrnnlnf sstfnl fncst scnssts ss scsds ssn ss cnnsscs, fn
crncrndsnts cn tnnsnnstnns, rbtfnsnd nnsfnfc nngnlfln. Dscs tnnsnnstnns csnnnnf nstn
bnns, nnntfnn vftnls nrtrnnlnf nndfn, dscs nstn csld, nrtnstn bntrnnl dn nnglsnn s vftnlnf
sn nssfd, sf dscs nstn ffnnbfntn, cnnstn vftnls. Sn dn slts ssntn, dscs tnnsnnstnns nstn
nscrnrsss, fncntfnnstn vftnls sf rsnnstn nrtrnnl dscs nstn nncn. Scnssts nstn fnnnnsntns
lrgfcff fnlly: s tnsnsfrnns bnnnl sfnt, dnscnfnnfln lfngvfstfcn fntn-nn sfstnn crntnrlst dn
cslcnlstrn. Sssdsn, nstn nncnssn ss fntnlngnn cnn ss frlrsfn cstnvs rsnnstff lrgfcn snntnn s
crnstnnf nngnlf.

Rsnnstffln lrgfcn brrlnnn tnnbnfn ss ffn nxtfnsn fn lrgfcf fnlly snntnn s nsnnvns
nrtfnnns dn ssntfsl sdnvsnst – vslrnf sdnvsnstn fntnn fntnnvslnl „crnslnt sdnvsnst” sf
„crnslnt fsls”. Nstnns fnlly s nnnf sffnnstff dn gnnnl „X nstn NRS” srstn ff crnbfnsts cn
sffnnstfs fnlly „Y nstn FNSLT” sf r rsnnstfn lrgfcs tfsfcs srstn ff dsts sstfnl X nstn NRS sf
Y nstn FNSLT. Csnn nstn vslrsnns dn sdnvsn s scnstnf rsnnstff? Rsnnstffln lrgfcn cn
nnglsnn fnlly sn nxncnts cn fnnctff ssrcfstn. Dnsf nxfsts vsnfstn fntnnsnntsnf sln
rsnnstfflrn lrgfcn fnlly, nnnstrsnnln dnffnftff snnt frsntn crnvnnsbfln fn sslfcstffln cn
crntnrlnnn fntngnstn:
Sdnvsn(X sf Y)=nfn(sdnvsn(X), sdnvsn(Y))
Sdnvsn(X ssn Y)=nsx(sdnvsn(X), sdnvsn(Y))
Sdnvsn(nn X)=1,0-sdnvsn(X)

3.2. Dnfnlfffcsnn

Dnss nstfrnsnnntnl fnlly svnn r vsnfsbfls lfngvfstfcs dn fnsfnn csnn tnnbnfn ss ffn
tnsnsfrnnsts fntn-r vslrsnn ffxs. Rbfnctfvnl nstn dn s dnnfvs r sfngnns vslrsnn nnnnnfcs
ffxs csnn nnsnnlfnts cnl nsf bfnn vslrnfln fnlly fnchfsn dn vsnfsbflnln lfngvfsfcn dn
fnsfnn. Dnfnllfffcsnns nstn tnsnsfrnnsnns fnvnnss csnn snsts fnsfnns dfn drnnnfnl fnlly
dfnnct fn drnnnfnl ffx. Nnnln nntrdn dn dnfnllfffcsnn tfnd ss snrdncs r fnsfnn fntngnsls
lnsnd fn crnsfdnnsnn trstn nlnnnntnln nnlltstnlrn nnglsnnlrn fnlly cn fnsrntsnts
crnnssnnlstrsnn. Sltn nntrdn fsn fn crnsfdnnsnn drsn nlnnnntnln crnnssnnlsnd snnctsnnlrn
nsxfnn fn nnlnltstnln fnnctfflrn ssrcfstn.

4
Nnnstrsnnln nntrdn dn dnfnllfffcsnn sn r fnsrntsnts snsctfcs:
Cnntnn-rf-Snns (C-r-S) – scnssts nntrds sn nnfnns ls nntrds Cnntnn-rf-Gnsvfty
(cnntnnl dn gnsvftstn), snntnn cs nvslnnsls cnntnrfdnl snfnf crnsnsn nnsnnlnntsnd
tnnnnnnl fnlly dn fnsfnn.
Cnntnn-rf-Nsxfnnn (C-r-N) – fn csdnnl scnstnf nntrdn snnt frlrsftn drsn vsnfnnfln
fnnctfflrn ssrcfstn. Vslrsnns crnsnrnfss s dnfnllfffcsnff ffxn nstn dntnnnfnsts dn gssfnns
lrcnlnf nndn gnnntstfln snnt fn nchflfbnn. Sstfnl snfs fnnctfflrn ssrcfstn nn nrscs nfcf nn
nrl, drsn vsnfnnfln snnt ntflflstn. Fnsfnns ffxs nstn nvslnsts cs nn snns fncsncst sl
tnnnnnlnf dn ssrcfnnn nsxfns, fncsncst dn fnslfcstfs nnlnltstnlrn.
Nnsn-rf-Nsxfnnn (N-r-N) – nntrds nstn frlrsfts fn cstnvs cslnnf fn csnn sbrndsnns
C-r-N nn fnnctfrnnsls. Scnst lncnn sn fntsnsls rnf dn cstn rnf nsxfnnl fnnctfflrn ssrcfstn
nn snnt nnfcn sf fntnnbsnns nstn csnn dfntnn sltnnnstfvnln ngsln sn tnnbnf ss slngnn.

4. CRNTNRLNNN FNLLY

Nsnrnftstns snrdnsnlrn crnnncfsln fnlly snnt sfstnnn bslstn sn nngnlf csnn snfnnsc
fnfrnnstff cnnnntn fn bncls dn fnndbscn dn ls nn dfssrlftfv fn tfns cn scnsts lncnnsls sf
crntnrlnsls rsnnstff dn ls nn dfssrlftfv nncsnfc ssn dn slt tfs. Nn sfstnn lrgfc fnlly snn sstnn
blrcnnf, dnss cnn sn snsts fn ffgnns 2. Fnfrnnstfn dn fntnsnn ffxs nstn crnvnntfts
fntn-r vslrsnn fnlly snntnn ffncsnn gnns dn fntnsnn fnlly cn blrcnl dn fnllfffcsnn.
Nnfvnnsnl dfscntfnf vsnfsbflnlrn dn fntnsnn dntnnnfns scslsnns cnnnts snntnn rsnnstfs
crnncts snn nnftstn. Scslsnns nstn frsntn fnsrntsnts snntnn cs sfstnnnl fnlly srstn ff
nncslfbnst cn sltn dfssrlftfvn ssn sfnnnf dn rsnnstff drsn snfn schfnbsnns scslsnff dn
fntnsnn sf fnsfnn. Lrgfcs dn lnsnn s dncflfflrn dntnnnfns nrdnl fn csnn rsnnstffln lrgfcff
fnlly snnt nfnctnstn, sf fnsnnnns cn cnnrstfntnln dn bsls dntnnnfns nsndsnnntnl ffncsnnf
nngnlf fnlly DSCS-STNNCF. Scnstns snnt crnbfnstn sf crnvnntftn fn vslrnf ffxn cn blrcnl
dn dnfnllfffcsnn. Vslrsnn ffxs s nsndsnnntnlnf srstn ff cslcnlsts dn cnntnnl dn gnsvftstn
ssn dn gnnntstns nndfn.

FRTRSRN DNCFLFF FNSFR

FRLFFFCSRN LRSTN DNFRLFFFCSRN N
LZGFC

CRRZSTFRTN
DN BSLS

Ffg.2

5
 Fn scrsnl dn s snrcnss fntnsnns snntnn s rbtfnn nstfrnsnnntnl dn fnsfnn dnrsnbfn sssn
sssf fnslfcstf fn cnnsnns nnnf nngnlf sn csnn sn bslnsls nn sfstnn fnlly:
1. fdnntfffcsnns fntnsnflrn sf s fntnnvslnlrn lrn, snncnn sf nnnfnns lrn
2. fdnntfffcsnns fnsfnflrn sf s fntnnvslnlrn lrn, snncnn sf nnnfnns lrn
3. cnnsnns nnnf gnsd dn fnnctff dn ssrcfnnn fnlly snntnn ffncsnn fntnsnn sf fnsfnn
4. crnstnnfnns dn nngnlf dn bsls, dnss csnn sfstnnnl vs rsnns
5. dncfdnnns nrdnlnf cnn sctfnnns vs ff nxncntsts snfn stnfbnfnns dn frnts nngnlflrn
6. crnbfnsnns dn nngnlf sf dnfnllfffcsnns fnsfnff

5. CRNCLNLFF

Sfstnnnln fnlly snrnft nnlt sn sfsts dn crnsnn, fn sfstnnnln fndnstnfsln sf crnnncfsln sf

fn sfstnnnln dn snstfnnnn s dncflfflrn. Tnnnnnnl „fnlly” sn nnfnns ls sbflftstns dn s tnsts
cn fntnsnf fnsnncfsn ssn vsgf. Fn lrc ss frlrsnsscs ncnstff nstnnstfcn crnslnxn, lrgfcs fnlly
frlrsnstn dnscnfnnf lfngvfstfcn snntnn s dnffnf lngstnns dfntnn fnfrnnstfs dn fntnsnn sf
sctfnnns dn fnsfnn. Fn sfstnnnln fngfnnnnstf, lrgfcs fnlly snn cs sf nnlnltst nn nrd
crnvnnsbfl sf snntnnrs dn dnlvrltsnn s snrgnsnnlrn dn crntnrl, snntsnd snrfnctsntff ss ss
crncnntnnln ssnsns rbfnctfvnlrn fnnctfrnsln sf nn ssnsns nstnnstfcff. Scnst tnxt
fntnrdnctfv s dnlvrltst snbfnctnl crncnstnlnf dn nnglsnn fnlly sf s snstst fn cn fnl
rsnnstffln fnlly snnt nnslflstn sf fn cn nrd nngnlfln fnlly srt fncrnsrns cnnrstfntnln
fnndsnnntsln. Lrgfcs fnlly nstn nn fnstnnnnnt frsntn sntnnnfc csnn sstnnndn fn ffncsnn
drnnnfn sf fndfcs fnslnnnntsnf dn snccns.