Anova

Anova (Analysis of Variance) is a technique in statistics where it can assess the differences
in in each dependent variable through a nominal-level variable that have two or more categories
(Cardinal et.al. 2006).
Cardinal, R. N., & Aitken, M. R. F. (2006). ANOVA for the behavioural sciences researcher.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
One-Way Anova
One-way anova (Analysis of variance) is a kind of anova with three or more independent
variables that determines the significant differences. The technique is used in this research to
determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the four blood groups in the
controlled group and in the experimental group by requiring to test of the null hypothesis that all
means of the blood group are equal or 𝐻𝑜: 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 = 𝜇3 = 𝜇4 the symbol µ means the group
mean. The alternative hypothesis says 𝐻1 : all the means of the blood group are not equal. Through
observing the computation of the P-value if it reaches the significant level which is 5%. And the
researchers will use to answer the statistical treatment is the excel solver.

Table 1. Controlled Group (Without any Moringaoleifera bark extact)

Blood Blood
Trial 1 Blood Group O Blood Group AB
Group A Group B
Trial 1 342 secs. 348 secs. 376 secs. 369 secs.
Trial 2 368 secs. 411 secs. 391 secs. 506 secs.
Trial 3 658 secs. 424 secs. 402 secs. 314 secs.
n 3 3 3 3

In table 1 is the controlled group Table 1. Controlled Group without any Moringaoleifera bark
extact, the researchers have determined the time of clotting in seconds of each blood group in the
three trials. In blood group A, the time of clotting in trial 1 is 342 seconds, followed by trial 2
which is 368 seconds, and the last trial would be 658 seconds. In blood group B, 348 seconds, 411
seconds, and 424 seconds. Blood group O had 376 seconds, 391 seconds, and 402 seconds. Blood
group AB had 369 seconds, 506 seconds, and 314 seconds.
Results:
Table 2. Anova Table of Controlled Group
Source Sums of Degrees of Mean 𝐹 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 p-value
Squares freedom Square 𝛼 = 5%
Between 8874.92 3 2958.3 0.2793 4.0662 0.8390 Accept 𝐻𝑜
Within 84742 8 10593
Total 93616.9 11
As shown on table 2 is the anova table of the controlled group. The 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 of the controlled group
are the blood groups that clotted without Moringaoleifera bark extract that could be in 5% of the
time. The time in an Anova test with degrees of freedom of the between and within groups and
effectiveness. In table 3, is 4.0662 is the data that have 3 and 8 degrees of freedom between and
within groups. The calculated anova in the controlled group is 0.2793 which is lesser than 4.0662,
that has the probability (P) of getting a value as large as 0.8390. Therefore, H0 is accepted that all
blood groups are the same or equal because its p-value is greater than the significance level which
is 5% or 0.05.

As shown on table 2 the result for the experimental group has reject beside the p-value it means,
it is accepted and that the blood groups in the experimental group are not the same. And the blood
groups have its own specific differences.
Table 3. Experimental Group (With Moringaoleifera bark extract)
Blood Blood
Trial 1 Blood Group O Blood Group AB
Group A Group B
Trial 1 1425 secs. 1310 secs. 763 secs. 1213 secs.
Trial 2 1433 secs. 1712 secs. 1277 secs. 936 secs.
Trial 3 1453 secs. 1528 secs. 903 secs. 1313 secs.
n 3 3 3 3

In table 3 is the experimental group with Moringaoleifera bark extract, the researchers have
determined the time of clotting in seconds of each blood group in the three trials. In blood group
A, the time of clotting in trial 1 is 1425 seconds, followed by trial 2 which is 1433 seconds, and
the last trial would be 1453 seconds. In blood group B, 1310 seconds, 1712 seconds, and 1528
seconds. Blood group O had 763 seconds, 1277 seconds, and 903 seconds. Blood group AB had
1213 seconds, 936 seconds, and 1313 seconds.
Table 4. Anova Table of Experimental Group
Source Sums of Degrees of Mean 𝐹 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 p-value
Squares freedom Square 𝛼 = 5%
Between 8874.92 3 185886 4.9722 4.0662 0.0310 Reject 𝐻𝑜
Within 84742 8 37385
Total 93616.9 11

As shown on table 4 is the anova table of the experimental group. The 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 of the experimental
group are the blood groups that clotted with Moringaoleifera bark extract that could be in 5% of
the time. The time in an Anova test with degrees of freedom of the between and within groups and
effectiveness. In table 4, is 4.0662 is the data that have 3 and 8 degrees of freedom between and
within groups. The calculated anova in the controlled group is 4.9722 which is greater than 4.0662,
that has probability (P) of getting a value of 0.0310. Therefore, H0 is rejected and that there is at
least one blood group is different because it is lower than the significance level which is 5% or
0.05.

T-test for Differences in Population Means

A t-test or t-distribution is an instrument used for the p-value. This also helps when testing certain
hypotheses especially in the mean or mean difference. Likewise, it has some similarities with the
normal curve. The t-test is known to have qualities such as the degree of freedom using the
calculation of df = n – 1. It can be used in circumstances involving the test of a mean difference
the formula of T-test is shown in equation 1.
𝑋̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑁
Equation 1
The researchers utilized a statistical method such as the T-test in order the difference resulted from
the anova. Basing on the research the null hypothesis is 𝐻0 :there is no significant difference
between the mean of the controlled group and experimental group of each blood group. And the
null hypothesis is 𝐻1 :there is a significant difference between the mean of the controlled and
experimental group of each blood group.

Table 5. Data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group A

Data Blood Group A
Trials CG EG
Trial 1 342 secs. 1425 secs.
Trial 2 368 secs. 1433 secs.
Trial 3 358 secs. 1453 secs.
Table 5 is the data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group A and it
was done by the researchers in order to suffice supporting data for table 6. Table 5 was also
discussed in the interpretation of table 1 and 2.
Table 6. T-test for difference in population means of blood group A with equal population variance
Null Hypothesis P-value At an 𝛼 𝑜𝑓 5%
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0 0.0000 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 >= 0 0.0000 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 <= 0 1.0000 Accept 𝐻0
As for table 6 it was concluded that there is a significant difference between the mean of
the controlled and experimental group of blood group A. This is due to the fact, that the p-value
which is 0.0000 and it is lower than 5% level of significance, and because of this it shows that
there is a effectivity of the Moringaoleifera bark extract in blood group A.
Table 7. Data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group B
 Data Blood Group B
Trials CG EG
Trial 1 348 secs. 1310 secs.
Trial 2 411 secs. 1712 secs.
Trial 3 424 secs. 1528 secs.
Table 7 is the data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group B and it
was done by the researchers in order to suffice supporting data for table 8. Table 7 was also
discussed in the interpretation of table 1 and 2.

Table 8. T-test for difference in population means of blood group B with unequal population
variance
Null Hypothesis P-value At an 𝛼 𝑜𝑓 5%
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0 0.0110 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 >= 0 0.0055 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 <= 0 0.9945 Accept 𝐻0
As for table 8 it was concluded that there is a significant difference between the mean of
the controlled and experimental group of blood group B. This is due to the fact, that the p-value
which is 0.0110 and it is lower than 5% level of significance, because of this it shows that there is
a effectivity of the Moringaoleifera bark extract in blood group B.

Table 9. Data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group O

Data Blood Group O
Trials CG EG
Trial 1 376 secs. 763 secs.
Trial 2 391 secs. 1277 secs.
Trial 3 402 secs. 902 secs.
Table 9 is the data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group O and it
was done by the researchers in order to suffice supporting data for table 10. Table 9 was also
discussed in the interpretation of table 1 and 2.

Table 10. T-test for difference in population means of blood group O with unequal population
variance
Null Hypothesis P-value At an 𝛼 𝑜𝑓 5%
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0 0.0615 Accept 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 >= 0 0.0307 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 <= 0 0.9693 Accept 𝐻0
As for table 10 it was concluded that there is no significant difference between the mean
of the controlled and experimental group of blood group O. This is due to the fact, that the p-value
which is 0.0615 and it is greater than 5% level of significance, because of this it shows that there
is no effectivity of the Moringaoleifera bark extract in blood group O.
Table 11. Data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group AB
Data Blood Group AB
Trials CG EG
Trial 1 369 secs. 1213 secs.
Trial 2 506 secs. 936 secs.
Trial 3 314 secs. 1313 secs.
Table 11 is the data samples in controlled and experimental group of blood group AB and
it was done by the researchers in order to suffice supporting data for table 12. Table 11 was also
discussed in the interpretation of table 1 and 2.

Table 12. T-test for difference in population means of blood group AB with equal population
variance
Null Hypothesis P-value At an 𝛼 𝑜𝑓 5%
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0 0.0039 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 >= 0 0.0019 Reject 𝐻0
𝐻0 : 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 <= 0 0.9981 Accept 𝐻0
As for table 12 it was concluded that there is a significant difference between the mean of
the controlled and experimental group of blood group AB. This is due to the fact, that the p-value
which is 0.0039 and it is lower than 5% level of significance, because of this it shows that there is
a effectivity of the Moringaoleifera bark extract in blood group AB.